From e32f343590310f38b5515d332cf11cdc9f90090b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gferg <>
Date: Thu, 8 Nov 2007 15:53:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] new
---
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/INDEX00.sgml | 3008 +++++++++++++++++
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ascii.c | 38 +
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/brownian.sh | 115 +
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex68a.sh | 36 +
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/from.sh | 24 +
.../docbook/abs-guide/insertion-sort.bash | 65 +
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/opprec-table.sgml | 177 +
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/rand-string.sh | 29 +
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/splitcopy.sh | 25 +
9 files changed, 3517 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/INDEX00.sgml
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ascii.c
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/brownian.sh
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex68a.sh
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/from.sh
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/insertion-sort.bash
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/opprec-table.sgml
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/rand-string.sh
create mode 100644 LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/splitcopy.sh
diff --git a/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/INDEX00.sgml b/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/INDEX00.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5245ec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/INDEX00.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,3008 @@
+ This index / glossary / quick-reference lists many of the
+ important topics covered in the text. Terms are arranged in
+ approximate sorting order, reshuffled as
+ necessary for enhanced clarity.
+
+ Note that commands are indexed
+ in
+
+ * * *
+
+
+ ^ (caret)
+ ~ Tilde
+
+
+
+ ~
+ $HOME
+
+ ~/
+ Current user's
+ home directory
+
+ ~+
+ Current
+ working directory
+
+ ~-
+ Previous
+ working directory
+
+ = Equals sign
+
+
+
+ =
+
+ =
+
+
+ ==
+
+
+ =~
+ Regular Expression
+
+ Example
+ script
+
+
+ < Left angle bracket
+
+
+ Is-less-than
+
+ Redirection
+
+
+ <
+ stdin
+
+
+ <<
+ Here document
+
+
+ <<<
+ Here string
+
+
+ <>
+ both reading and writing
+
+ > Right angle bracket
+
+
+ Is-greater-than
+ double parentheses
+ Redirection
+
+ >
+ stdout to a file
+
+ >>
+ stdout to a file,
+ but append
+
+
+ i>&j
+ file descriptor
+ i to
+ file descriptor
+ j
+ >&j
+ stdout to
+ file descriptor
+ j
+
+ >&2
+ stdout of a command to
+ stderr
+
+ 2>&1
+ stderr
+ to stdout
+
+ &>
+ both stdout
+ and stderr of a command to a
+ file
+
+ :> file
+
+ |
+ ||
+ - (dash)
+
+
+
+ default
+ parameter , in parameter
+ substitution
+ option
+ flag
+ redirection from
+ stdin or stdout
+
+ -- (double-dash)long command options
+ C-style
+ variable decrement within double
+ parentheses
+
+
+
+ ; (semicolon)
+
+ \;
+ Escaped semicolon,
+ terminates a ;;
+
+ Required when ...
+ do
+ keyword is on the first line of
+ loop curly-bracketed
+ code block
+
+ :
+ null
+ command, equivalent to the
+
+
+ :> file
+ !
+
+ !=
+ ? (question mark)
+
+
+
+ wild card ,
+ in In a
+ C -style
+ Trinary operator //
+ . (dot / period)
+
+
+
+ .
+
+ .
+
+ .
+
+
+ ./
+
+ ..
+ Parent
+ directory
+
+ ' ... '
+ (single quotes)
+ strong
+ quoting" ... "
+ (double quotes)
+ weak
+ quoting() Parentheses
+
+
+ ( ... )
+ ( ... )
+ Extended Regular
+ Expressions
+ >( ... ) <( ... )
+
+
+ ... )
+ case construct(( ... ))
+ [ test construct[ ] Brackets
+
+ Array
+ elementRegular
+ Expression Test construct [[ ... ]]
+ test construct$
+ Anchor ,
+ in a $
+ $( ... )
+ ` ... `
+ ${ ... } Variable manipulation / evaluation
+
+
+ ${var}
+ ${#var}
+
+ ${#@} ${#*}
+ positional
+ parameters
+
+
+ ${parameter?err_msg}
+
+
+
+ ${parameter-default} ${parameter:-default} ${parameter=default} ${parameter:=default}
+
+
+
+ ${parameter+alt_value} ${parameter:+alt_value}
+
+
+ ${!var}
+
+
+ ${!varprefix*} ${!varprefix@} names of all previously declared
+ variables beginning with varprefix
+
+
+ ${string:position} ${string:position:length}
+
+
+
+ ${var#Pattern} ${var##Pattern}
+
+
+
+ ${var%Pattern} ${var%%Pattern}
+
+
+
+ ${string/substring/replacement} ${string//substring/replacement} ${string/#substring/replacement} ${string/%substring/replacement}
+
+
+ \
+
+ \< ... \>
+ escaped ,
+ word boundary in a \{ N \}
+ Curly
brackets,
+ escaped ,
+ number of character sets to match in an \;
+ Semicolon ,
+ escaped ,
+ terminates a \$$ newline ,
+ to write a multi-line command &
+
+
+
+ &>
+ both stdout
+ and stderr of a command to a
+ file
+ >&j
+ stdout to
+ file descriptor
+ j
+
+ >&2
+ stdout of a command to
+ stderr
+ i>&j
+ file descriptor
+ i to
+ file descriptor
+ j
+
+ 2>&1
+ stderr to
+ stdout file
+ descriptors n<&-
+ Close input file descriptor
+ n 0<&- ,
+ <&-
+ Close stdin n>&-
+ Close output file descriptor
+ n 1>&- ,
+ >&-
+ Close stdout
+ &&
+
+ Command &
+ background #
+ comment #!
+ * Asterisk
+
+
+
+ Wild
+ card ,
+ in
+
+ **
+
+ % Percent sign
+
+
+
+
+
+ + Plus sign
+
+ Character
+ match , in an alternate parameter , in
+ parameter substitution ++
+ C-style
+ variable increment, within double
+ parentheses * * *
+
+ Shell Variables $_
+ $-
+ $!
+ Process ID
+ of last background job$?
+ Exit
+ status of a command$@
+ All the positional parameters , separate
+ words $*
+ All the positional parameters , single
+ word$$
+ $#
+ $0
+ $1
+ $9
+ Table
+ of shell variables * * * * * *
+
+ -a
+ Advanced Bash Scripting Guide ,
+
+ alias , using
+ unalias And list
+
+
+ escaped ,
+ \< . . . \>
+ word boundary in a here document , using
+ :
+
+ C -style +=
+ -=
+ *=
+ /=
+ %=
+ += can also function as a string
+ concatenation operator.
+ example script declare -a
+ array_name example
+ script
+ array=( element1 element2 ... elementN) Example
+ script Using
+
+
+ ${#array_name[@]} ${#array_name[*]} array to a
+ functionAs return value from
+ a function example script example script unset deletes array
+ elements
+
+
+
+ rand() ,
+ random functionexport to pass a variable to an
+ embedded awk script * * *
+
+ example script
+
+ script example
+ Table
+ Bourne shell lacks
+
+ $BASH_SUBSHELL
+ here
+ document
+
+ Script
+ example :
+ redirecting output of a a code block
+
+ {a..z} Brackets, [ ]
+
+ Array
+ elementRegular
+ Expression Test construct
+
+ Brackets, curly , {} ,
+ used in
+
+ find Extended Regular
+ Expressions Positional
+ parameters xargs
+
+
+
+ loop control command
+
+ Bash
+
+ * * *
+
+ case
+ construct
+
+ cat entate file(s)
+
+ cat
+ scriptsstdin : ,
+ equivalent to the
+ Table of
+ color escape sequences
+
+
+ $( ... ) ,
+ preferred notation
+
+ Backquotes Bash toolsetsubshell Commenting out blocks of code
+
+ Using an anonymous here
+ document Using an if-then construct
+
+
+
+
+ break rubout C -style syntax
+ , for handling variablesCurly brackets {}
+
+ find commandExtended Regular
+ Expression xargs
+
+ * * *
+
+ data
+ duplicator command
+
+
+ secure www.linuxquestions.org
+ Trapping at
+ exitTrapping
+ signals
+
+
+ /dev directory
+
+
+ /dev/null
+ pseudo-device file/dev/urandom
+ pseudo-device file, generating pseudorandom numbers
+ with/dev/zero ,
+ pseudo-device file dialog ,
+ utility for generating dialog boxes in
+ a script$DIRSTACK
+ directory stack restricted shells DOS batch
+ files, converting to shell scriptsDOS
+ commands, UNIX equivalents of
+ (table )dot files ,
+ hidden
setup and configuration files[[ ... ]] " ... " weak quoting* * *
+
+ -e
+
+ pipe /bin/echo ,
+ external echo command elif , Contraction
+ of else and if case constructEnvironmental
+ variablesis-equal-to $EUID ,
+ Effective user ID evaluate expression(s),
+ with variable expansion
+
+ Example script reevaluation of
+ arguments Exit and Exit status
+
+
+ exit code , return
+ status of a command)Table ,
+ Exit
+ codes with special meaningsfunction
+ return Successful ,
+ 0
+
+
+
+
+
+ awk
+ script Expression evaluator
+
+ index (numerical position in
+ string) Regular
+ Expressions
+
+ ? (question mark)
+ ( ... )
+ \{ N \}
+ Curly
brackets,
+ escaped ,
+ number of character sets to match+
+ Character
+ match * * *
+
+ unsuccessful (1)
+ n<&-
+ Close input file descriptor n 0<&- ,
+ <&-
+ Close stdin n>&-
+ Close output file descriptor n 1>&- ,
+ >&-
+ Close stdout C , similarity to
+
+
+ {}
+ \;
+ Escaped
+ semicolon same filterchild
+ processfor
+ loops
+
+ and
+
+ array to a
+ functionstdin
+ of a function
+ array from
+ a functionreturn
+ range limits, workarounds
+
+ shift
+ arguments passed to a function
+
+ * * *
+
+ external command for parsing script
+ command-line arguments
+
+ builtin for parsing script
+ command-line arguments
+
+ $OPTIND /
+ $OPTARG greater-than or equal
+ greater-than $GROUPS ,
+ Groups user belongs to* * *
+
+
+ Example
+ script echo
+ to stdout lines at the beginning of a text
+ fileHere
+ documents
+
+
+
+
+ Anonymous
+ here documents, using :
+ bc in a here
+ document cat
+ scriptsex
+ scriptsFunction ,
+ supplying input to
+ Here
+ stringsread
+
+ Limit
+ stringlimit
+ string may not be indented<<-LimitString
+
+ parameter substitution
+
+ vi non-interactively $HOME ,
+ user's home directory $HOSTNAME ,
+ system host name * * *
+
+
+ test construct
+
+
+
+ if and if-grep test
+
+ $IFS ,
+ Internal field separator variable
+
+ whitespace keyword preceding
+ [list] in a for
+ loop/etc/inittab
+ * * *
+
+
+ * * *
+
+
+ -l ,
+ -9 ) by name killall
+ script in /etc/rc.d/init.d * * *
+
+ less-than or equal
+ $LINENO ,
+ variable indicating the line number where
+ it appears in a scriptln command)
+
+ ln symbolic
+ links, ln -s
+
+ And
+ listOr
+ list
+ and && , || ,
+ etc.)~/.bash_logout file
+
+
+ C -style
+ loop within for loopwhile loop
+
+
+ for
+ loopsfor arg
+ in [list] ;
+ do Command
+ substitution to generate
+ [list] [list] [list] element[list] , defaults to
+ [list]
+
+ for loopin the background ,
+ script example
+ Semicolon required, when do is on first line
+ of loop
+ for
+ loopwhile
+ loop
+
+ until [ condition-is-true ]; do
+ while [ condition ]; do test
+ brackets while read construct Loopback devices
+
+ /dev directory
+
+
+ less-than * * *
+
+ $MACHTYPE ,
+ Machine type Makefile ,
+ file containing the list of dependencies used by remainder operator
+
+ Application: example script * * *
+
+ -n
+ null test
+ Example
+ script netcat ,
+ a toolkit for TCP and UDP portsnot-equal-to ! , reverses the sense of a Noclobber ,
+ -C option to Bash to prevent overwriting
+ of filesnull variable
+ assignment, avoiding* * *
+
+ -o
+ octal
+ dump $OLDPWD
+ Previous working directoryOperator
+
+
+
+ Or
+ list|| * * *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ${parameter+alt_value} ${parameter:+alt_value}
+
+ ${parameter-default} ${parameter:-default} ${parameter=default} ${parameter:=default}
+
+ ${!varprefix*} ${!varprefix@} name match
+
+ ${parameter?err_msg}
+
+ ${parameter} parameter
+
+ Script
+ example Table
+ of parameter
+ substitution child process cannot
+ Parentheses
+
+ Extended Regular
+ Expressions
+
+
+ $PATH ,
+ the path (location of system
+ binaries)
+ Bash scriptBash scripteval
+ with | ,
+ a device for passing the output of a command to another command
+ or to the shell
+
+
+ pipe set -o pipefail
+ option to indicate pipe $PIPESTATUS ,
+ exit status of last executed
+ pipestdin , rather than using
+ pipe
+
+ -
+ (dash) is not redirection
+ operator//
+ (double forward slash), behavior of #!/bin/sh
+ script header disables Bash
+ featurescat CGI
+ programming, using scripts forClosing limit string
+ in a here document ,
+ \r\n ) crash a scriptExport
+ problem, child process
+ to parent processBash features not
+ availablequote variables
+ within test bracketsGNU
+ command set, in cross-platform scriptsnull
+ variable assignment
+ not
+ equivalent=
+ and -eq not
+ interchangeable
+ semicolon ,
+ in a curly-bracketed
+ Piping
+ echo
+ to a loopecho
+ to read tail
+ -f to grep
+ suid
+ commands inside a scriptBash features,
+ danger ofsubshell , scope
+ limited
+ path
+ and umask whatis
+
+ $@ ,
+ as separate words$* ,
+ as a single word POSIX ,
+ Portable Operating System Interface /
+ UNIX
+
+
+ $PPID ,
+ process ID of parent processPrepending
+ lines at head of a file, script
+ example Prime numbers
+
+ Generating primes
+
+
+ formatted print command/proc directory
+
+ /proc ,
+ warning
+
+ stdin of a
+ command Prompt
+
+
+
+ $PS1 , Main
+ prompt , seen at command
+ line$PS2 ,
+ Secondary prompt
+
+
+ $PWD ,
+ Current working directory* * *
+
+ Question mark, ?
+
+ Regular
+ Expression wild card ,
+ in In a
+ C -style
+ Trinary operator
+
+
+
+
+ test
+ bracketsWhitespace ,
+ using quoting to
+ preserve * * *
+
+
+ Random numbers
+
+
+
+ /dev/urandom
+ rand() ,
+ random function in $RANDOM , Bash
+ function that returns a pseudorandom integer
+
+
+
+
+
+ stdin
+
+
+ arrow keyscat
+ to read Prepending
+ textecho
+ to read read $REPLY ,
+ default read variablewhile read
+ construct
+ Redirection
+
+
+ filename ,to reassign
+ I/O
+ redirection both
+ reading and writing<>filename
+ read
+ input redirected from a file
+ stderr to
+ stdout
+ 2>&1 stdin /
+ stdout ,
+ using - stdin of a
+ function stdout to a file> ... >>
+
+ stdout to
+ file descriptor
+ j
+ >&j
+ i to
+ file descriptor
+ j
+ i>&j
+ stdout
+ of a command to stderr
+ >&2
+ stdout
+ and stderr
+ of a command to a file
+ &>
+
+
+
+
+ Test operators
+ Regular
+ Expressions
+
+ ^ (caret)
+ $ (dollar sign)
+ Anchor
+ . (dot)
+ * (asterisk)
+ [ ] (brackets) \ (backslash) \< ... \>
+ (angle brackets, escaped )
+
+ +
+ Character
+ match \{ \} curly
brackets[: :]
+ $REPLY ,
+ Default value associated with
+ * * *
+
+ $PS2
+ network mapper
+ / port scannersuid
+ commands inside a script
+ Table ,
+ basic operatorsTable ,
+ examples of operators
+ in
+ list omitted
+ keyword is on first line of
+ curly-bracketed
+ code block positional parameters $SHLVL ,
+ shell level , depth to which the shell
+ (or script) is nestedshell options Simulations
+
+ Life ,
+ game ofstack
+
+ ' ... ' ) strong Sorting
+
+
+
+
+ Spam , dealing with
+
+ Example
+ script Example
+ script Example
+ script Example
+ script Stack, emulating a push-down, Example
+ script
+ stdin
+ and stdout Strings
+
+
+
+ =~
+ ${#string}
+ script example Unprotecting
+ strings,
+ script example
+
+
+ Substring extraction
+ expr
+
+
+ index (numerical position in
+ string)matching , using
+
+ removal
+
+
+ Substring replacement
+ Script
+ example
+
+ Table
+ of string/substring manipulation and
+ extraction operators
+
+
+ Strong quoting
+ ' ... '
+ $BASH_SUBSHELL and
+ $SHLVL
+ Variables in a subshell
+
+ scope
+ limited, but ... ...
+
+
+ Substitute
+ user , log on as a different user or as
+ root set user
+ id ) file flag
+
+ suid
+ commands inside a script, not advisable * * *
+
+ echo
+ to stdout lines at the (tail) end of a text
+ file
+ test command
+
+ builtin /usr/bin/test
+ (equivalent to /usr/bin/[ ) Test operators
+
+
+ -a
+ -e
+ -eq
+ -f
+ regular
+ file-ge
+ -gt
+ -le
+ -lt
+ -n
+ -ne
+ -o
+ -u
+ suid
+ flag set, file test-z
+ =
+ ==
+ <
+ <
+ <=
+ double parentheses )
+ >
+ >
+ double parentheses )>=
+ double parentheses )
+ ||
+ &&
+ !
+ !=
+
+ Tables of test
+ operators
+
+
+
+ Timed input
+
+ read -t stty $TMOUT
+
+
+
+
+ Array, return value from
+ a function
+ Comment blocks
+ Using anonymous
+ here documents
+ Using if-then
+ constructs
+
+
+ C -style syntax ,
+ for handling variablessame
+ filterFunctionreturn value
+ workarounds if-grep
+ test fixupfunctions null
+ variable assignment, avoidingarray to a
+ functionPrepending
+ lines at head of a fileScript
+ Script portability
+ path
+ and umask whatis
+
+
+ sed or
+ awk codeSubshell variable,
+ $TMOUT ,
+ Timeout interval
+ example
+ script Trap ,
+ specifying an action upon receipt of a C -stylesuccessful (0)
+ * * *
+
+ $UID ,
+ User ID numberuntil [ condition-is-true ]; do * * *
+
+ Variables
+
+
+
+
+ Script
+ example Script
+ example Script
+ example
+
+ Bash
+ internal variablessed or
+ awk code, setting a variable
+ to
+ C-style
+
+ set unset
+ eval variable1=\$$variable2 ${!variable}
+
+ ${#var} Name
+ and value of a variable,
+ distinguishing betweennull
+ variable assignment, avoiding
+ test
+ bracketswhitespace
+ null
+ valuesubshell
+ not visible to parent shellTesting a variable * * *
+
+
+ Weak quoting
+ " ... " while [ condition ]; do
+
+ while read
+ construct
+ $IFS defaults
+ tolimit string in a here
+ document , errorQuoting ,
+ to preserve whitespace within strings
+ or variables
+ * * *
+
+
+ Processes arguments * * *
+
+ * * *
+
+ -z
+ null Zombie ,
+ a process that has terminated, but not yet been killed by its
+ parent
+ Operator Precedence
+
+
+
+ Operator
+ Meaning
+ Comments
+
+
+
+
+ HIGHEST PRECEDENCE
+
+ var++ var-- post-increment, post-decrement
+
+
+ ++var --var pre-increment, pre-decrement
+
+
+
+
+ ! ~ logical / bitwise, inverts sense of following
+ operator
+
+
+
+
+ **
+
+ * / % multiplication, division, modulo
+ arithmetic operation
+
+
+ + - addition, subtraction
+ arithmetic operation
+
+
+
+
+ << >> left, right shift
+
+
+
+
+ -z -n unary comparisonstring is/is-not null
+
+
+ -e -f -t -x, etc. unary comparisonfiles
+
+ < -lt > -gt <= -le >= -ge compound comparisonstring and integer
+
+
+ -nt -ot -ef compound comparisonfiles
+
+ == -eq != -ne equality / inequality
+ test operators, string and integer
+
+
+
+
+ & AND
+ bitwise
+
+
+ ^ XOR
+ exclusive OR, bitwise
+
+ | OR
+ bitwise
+
+
+
+
+ && -a AND
+ logical, compound
+ comparison
+
+
+ || -o OR
+ logical, compound
+ comparison
+
+
+
+
+ ?: C-style
+
+
+ = (do not confuse with equality
+ test )
+
+
+ *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= != times-equal, divide-equal, mod-equal, etc.
+
+
+
+
+ , links a sequence of operations
+
+
+ LOWEST PRECEDENCE
+
+
+
diff --git a/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/rand-string.sh b/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/rand-string.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d443834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/rand-string.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# rand-string.sh
+# Generating an 8-character "random" string.
+
+if [ "-n $1" ] # If command line argument present,
+then #+ then set start-string to it.
+ str0="$1"
+else # Else use PID of script as start-string.
+ str0="$$"
+fi
+
+POS=2 # Starting from position 2 in the string.
+LEN=8 # Extract eight characters.
+
+str1=$( echo "$str0" | md5sum | md5sum )
+# Doubly scramble: ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^
+
+randstring="${str1:$POS:$LEN}"
+# Can parameterize ^^^^ ^^^^
+
+echo "$randstring"
+
+exit $?
+
+# bozo$ ./rand-string.sh my-password
+# 1bdd88c4
+
+# No, this is is not recommended
+#+ as a method of generating hack-proof passwords.
diff --git a/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/splitcopy.sh b/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/splitcopy.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74c60fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/splitcopy.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# splitcopy.sh
+
+# A script that splits itself into chunks,
+#+ then reassembles the chunks into an exact copy
+#+ of the original script.
+
+CHUNKSIZE=4 # Size of first chunk of split files.
+OUTPREFIX=xx # csplit prefixes, by default,
+ #+ files with "xx" ...
+
+csplit "$0" "$CHUNKSIZE"
+
+# Some comment lines for padding . . .
+# Line 15
+# Line 16
+# Line 17
+# Line 18
+# Line 19
+# Line 20
+
+cat "$OUTPREFIX"* > "$0.copy" # Concatenate the chunks.
+rm "$OUTPREFIX"* # Get rid of the chunks.
+
+exit $?