diff --git a/LDP/builder/xsl/ldp-html-chunk.xsl b/LDP/builder/xsl/ldp-html-chunk.xsl index f0470748..5e929022 100644 --- a/LDP/builder/xsl/ldp-html-chunk.xsl +++ b/LDP/builder/xsl/ldp-html-chunk.xsl @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ - - - - - - - Configuring IPv6 addresses -There are different ways to configure an IPv6 address on an interface. You can use use "ifconfig" or "ip". +There are different ways to configure an IPv6 address on an interface. You may use "ifconfig" or "ip". Displaying existing IPv6 addresses First you should check, whether and which IPv6 addresses are already configured (perhaps auto-magically during stateless auto-configuration). Just note that addresses beginning with “fec0” are deprecated, but shown here for completness! @@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ ff00::/8 :: UA 256 0 0 sit0 Numbered point-to-point tunnels Sometimes it's needed to configure a point-to-point tunnel with IPv6 addresses like in IPv4 today. This is only possible with the first (ifconfig+route - deprecated) and third (ip+route) tunnel setup. In such cases, you can add the IPv6 address to the tunnel interface like shown on interface configuration. <!-- anchor id="configuring-ipv6to4-tunnels" -->Setup of 6to4 tunnels -Pay attention that the support of 6to4 tunnels currently lacks on vanilla kernel series 2.2.x (see systemcheck/kernel for more information). Also note that that the prefix length for a 6to4 address is 16 because of from network point of view, all other 6to4 enabled hosts are on the same layer 2. +Pay attention that the support of 6to4 tunnels currently lacks on vanilla kernel series 2.2.x (see systemcheck/kernel for more information). Also note that the prefix length for a 6to4 address is 16 because of from network point of view, all other 6to4 enabled hosts are on the same layer 2. Add a 6to4 tunnel First, you have to calculate your 6to4 prefix using your local assigned global routable IPv4 address (if your host has no global routable IPv4 address, in special cases NAT on border gateways is possible): Assuming your IPv4 address is @@ -2546,7 +2546,7 @@ Big pipe Queue 2 Queue 1 / Queue 2 / Queue 3 Thin Pipe Testing filter definitions using iperf -Start on server side each one one separate console: +Start on server side each one in a separate console: For me the best thing about using Knoppix is that I don't need a specific boot medium for each machine, but I can use the same tools all the time. And hardware support in Knoppix is really great. I don't have that much experience with different platforms, but all the machines I've tried have worked fine, scsi drivers are found and so on. I'm doing this recovery thing by copying the backups over the network to other machine. The restore involves booting the Knoppix cd, fetching the metadata.tar.gz from the network machine. Then make.dev, mount.dev, fetching the other tar.gz files, grub and reboot. Some typing involved but thanks to your scripts it's quite straighforward. Unless changing from ide to scsi or something, but even then it's not that difficult, since Linux is easy to restore to different hardware. - Let me add to that that Knoppix detects USB devices for you, which is really nice. They make excellent (and roomier) substitutes for the ZIP drive. + Let me add to that Knoppix detects USB devices for you, which is really nice. They make excellent (and roomier) substitutes for the ZIP drive. Also see System recovery with Knoppix. Do your restore as user root rather than as user knoppix. Otherwise you may get some directories and files owned by an oddball user or group. Also, for Knoppix, we tar the first stage stuff saving numeric user & group values instead of by name. The names may point to different numbers on knoppix, so we would be restoring the files with incorrect user and group IDs. @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ tar cf - usr/knox | gzip -c > $zip/arkeia.tar.gz]]> First Stage <filename>make.fdisk</filename> - This script, run at backup time, creates scripts similar to make.dev.hda and mount.dev.x, below, for you to run at restore time. It also produces data files similar to dev.hda and dev.hda.sfd, below. The names of the scripts and data files produced depend on the device given this script as a a parameter. Those script, run at restore time, build and mount the partitions on the hard drive. make.fdisk is called from save.metadata, below. + This script, run at backup time, creates scripts similar to make.dev.hda and mount.dev.x, below, for you to run at restore time. It also produces data files similar to dev.hda and dev.hda.sfd, below. The names of the scripts and data files produced depend on the device given this script as a parameter. Those script, run at restore time, build and mount the partitions on the hard drive. make.fdisk is called from save.metadata, below. &make.fdisk; diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Linux-Gamers-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Linux-Gamers-HOWTO.sgml index 5455a406..ca8e2f7c 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Linux-Gamers-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Linux-Gamers-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ competitor, was about a year late which is very bad when you're competing for a bleeding edge market. While nVidia was putting real R&D into their cards, 3dfx was simply adding more and faster RAM. The Voodoo IV and V rendered in full 32bpp color, had great AA support (), featured a 2nd GPU, more memory, and was arguably the king of of video cards. + linkend="aa">), featured a 2nd GPU, more memory, and was arguably the king of video cards. However, 3dfx's late release of the Voodoo IV and V coupled with the fact that the GeForce could be had for half the price meant that 3dfx was sinking fast. For Linux, the newest Voodoo's could only accelerate at 16 and 24 bit color. Worse still, the Voodoo V's 2nd GPU diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/MP3-CD-Burning.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/MP3-CD-Burning.sgml index 9a935aac..e973ffce 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/MP3-CD-Burning.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/MP3-CD-Burning.sgml @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ many programs to burn music CDs from MP3 files, and many of them do the conversion transparently. But I haven't seen a single tool that also normalizes the volume, so that's why I worked out my own CD-burning recipe. -If you you just want to make a CD filled with music, and not be bothered with all of the details, I have good news for you: Kees Cook (kees@outflux.net) put together a tool based on this HOWTO, which automates all of the tasks outlined here. His program can be obtained from http://outflux.net/unix/software/mp3cd/. Thanks, Kees! +If you just want to make a CD filled with music, and not be bothered with all of the details, I have good news for you: Kees Cook (kees@outflux.net) put together a tool based on this HOWTO, which automates all of the tasks outlined here. His program can be obtained from http://outflux.net/unix/software/mp3cd/. Thanks, Kees! This HOWTO is just about one thing - putting MP3 music on a CD, so that you can diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Mail-User-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Mail-User-HOWTO.xml index 4e7fd5d7..c4c36948 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Mail-User-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Mail-User-HOWTO.xml @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ everyone, both on your machine and remotely. To create MTA aliases you must modify a system file, usually but not always /etc/aliases or /etc/mail/aliases (the location depends on your -MTA). It may be instructive for you to look at the the aliases on +MTA). It may be instructive for you to look at the aliases on your system; it should contain a number of standard aliases such as `postmaster'. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Man-Page.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Man-Page.sgml index 0a604872..d0a9f6bf 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Man-Page.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Man-Page.sgml @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ will hold pathnames, filenames or default options. ...should give an overview of the most common error messages from your program and how to cope with them. There's no need to -explain system error error messages (from +explain system error messages (from perror(3)) or fatal signals (from psignal(3)) as they can appear during execution of any program. @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ provided by the .so macro. The first way is obviously a waste of disk space. The second is not recommended because intelligent versions of the catman program can save a lot of work by looking -at the the file type or contents. Hard links will prevent +at the file type or contents. Hard links will prevent catman from being clever. (Note that catman's purpose is to format all man pages so they can be displayed quickly.) The third alternative has a diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO.sgml index 8d10a778..b2a9554c 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO/Masquerading-Simple-HOWTO.sgml @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ This is NOT a replacement for the IP-Masquerading HOWTO - it is to complement it, and the two should be read side by side. I do not include - things in here that are covered by the the other HOWTO, nor do I explain + things in here that are covered by the other HOWTO, nor do I explain what it all means, or what it is all about. See http://ipmasq.cjb.net and the standard Masq-HOWTO for a much better guides. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Medicine-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Medicine-HOWTO.sgml index 31c2bd26..2439bc8f 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Medicine-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Medicine-HOWTO.sgml @@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ www.TxOutcome.Org - Where to to get it + Where to get it You can get the entire package which include everything you need like Zope products and even python from Here and choosing FreePM-1.0b6-FULL-linux2-x86.tar.gz. This will include all the documentation. @@ -951,9 +951,9 @@ www.TxOutcome.Org Go ahead and click on the link that says Zope management interface or enter http:127.0.0.1:8080/manage and you should the zope management screen. You know you are in the correct section if you see a root folder at the top of the Left Frame. To make sure we are on the same page, go ahead and click on the Root Folder icon in the right Frame. You then should see the list of contents of the Root Folder on the Right Frame. - Look for and click on the acl_users folder. select add new user, fill in the required fields. You leave the domain field blank. And then be sure sure to select role. In this case, click on manager for this user. + Look for and click on the acl_users folder. select add new user, fill in the required fields. You leave the domain field blank. And then be sure to select role. In this case, click on manager for this user. I am having problems successfully logging out completely using zope, so when you intend to switch users, be sure to completely close all browser windows. - Once you added a new user that has the role of manager, log back in. That is to say, Close all browsers and open up a new browsers and go the the zope management screen. You should be asked for a login at this point. Go ahead and enter in you new user login and password. + Once you added a new user that has the role of manager, log back in. That is to say, Close all browsers and open up a new browsers and go to the zope management screen. You should be asked for a login at this point. Go ahead and enter in you new user login and password. Once you are logged in as an user (not the admin user), go ahead and click on the Root Folder on the top of the left frame. Scroll to the bottom of the Right Frame and you should see the Import/Export button. You see a new screen. In the Field Import File Name, enter FreePM Product.zexp and then hit the import button. You should see a new scree indicating success The next step, is to again hit on the Root Folder Icon at the TOP LEFT FRAME. Again hit the Import/Export button, but this time, you want to import FreePM.zexp. Then hit the Import button. Note that it will take some time to import the FreePM.zexp Zope product as it is quite large and you may get a browser error. I almost lost hair doing this stage because I could not figure out what was going wrong. In fact nothing was going wrong, it just took some time to import this large (32MB) zope product. If you want to make sure something is actually going on, I recommend using the top unix command, which will show you that python is actively still working to import FreePM.zexp. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Mobile-IPv6-HOWTO/Mobile-IPv6-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Mobile-IPv6-HOWTO/Mobile-IPv6-HOWTO.xml index a93e908b..30af1c0d 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Mobile-IPv6-HOWTO/Mobile-IPv6-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Mobile-IPv6-HOWTO/Mobile-IPv6-HOWTO.xml @@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ browse the mail archive. Read [RFC2462] - more more details concerning IPv6 Stateless Address + more details concerning IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration. We'll configure RADVD on AR's wireless interface. The diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Module-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Module-HOWTO.sgml index 900d4481..8e016aa2 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Module-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Module-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ unload. There is an exception to the above description of the use count. You may see -1 in the use count column. What that means is that this LKM -does not use use counts to determine when it is OK to unload. +does not use counts to determine when it is OK to unload. Instead, the LKM has registered a subroutine that the module manager can call that will return an indication of whether or not it is OK to unload the LKM. In this case, the LKM ought to provide you with some @@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ section of the mydriver.o object file in this example has "1.2.1" in it because it was compiled using header files from Linux 1.2.1. Try to load it into a 1.2.2 kernel and insmod notices the mismatch and fails, -telling you you have a kernel version mismatch. +telling you that you have a kernel version mismatch. But wait. What's the chance that there really is an incompatibility diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO.sgml index 0adce2bf..b2d8e5b9 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ define the foreground and background for the pair number you give. After that that pair number can be used as a normal attribute with COLOR_PAIR()function. This may seem to be cumbersome at first. But this elegant solution allows us to manage color pairs very easily. To -appreciate it, you have to look into the the source code of "dialog", a utility +appreciate it, you have to look into the source code of "dialog", a utility for displaying dialog boxes from shell scripts. The developers have defined foreground and background combinations for all the colors they might need and initialized at the beginning. This makes it very easy to set attributes just by @@ -2519,7 +2519,7 @@ menu's foreground or background which would have been useless. The function set_menu_grey() can be used to set the display attribute for the non-selectable items in the menu. This brings us to the interesting option for an item the one and only O_SELECTABLE. We can turn it off by the function -item_opts_off() and after that that item is not selectable. It's like a grayed +item_opts_off() and after that the item is not selectable. It's like a grayed item in those fancy windows menus. Let's put these concepts in practice with this example @@ -2974,7 +2974,7 @@ int field_status(FIELD *field); /* fetch status of field */ -It's better to check the field's status only after after leaving the field, as +It's better to check the field's status only after leaving the field, as data buffer might not have been updated yet as the validation is still due. To guarantee that right status is returned, call field_status() either (1) in the field's exit validation check routine, (2) from the field's or form's diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/NFS-HOWTO/security.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/NFS-HOWTO/security.sgml index 42515bbb..4ed50c03 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/NFS-HOWTO/security.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/NFS-HOWTO/security.sgml @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ say that your machine's address is 192.168.0.254 and that it lives on the subnet 192.168.0.0, and that all machines on the subnet should have access to it (for an overview of those - terms see the the Networking-Overview-HOWTO). Then we write: + terms see the Networking-Overview-HOWTO). Then we write: portmap: 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/NFS-HOWTO/server.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/NFS-HOWTO/server.sgml index 5cef412b..8a8405d1 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/NFS-HOWTO/server.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/NFS-HOWTO/server.sgml @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ If your distribution does not include them in the startup scripts, - then then you should add them, configured to start in the following + then you should add them, configured to start in the following order: rpc.portmap diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Net-HOWTO/Net-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Net-HOWTO/Net-HOWTO.sgml index e2694aaf..6a88e28e 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Net-HOWTO/Net-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Net-HOWTO/Net-HOWTO.sgml @@ -3319,7 +3319,7 @@ After compiling and installing your kernel with IP_Alias support, configuration is very simple. The aliases are added to virtual network devices associated with the actual network device. A simple naming convention applies to these devices being <devname>:<virtual -dev num>, e.g. eth0:0, ppp0:10 etc. Note that the the +dev num>, e.g. eth0:0, ppp0:10 etc. Note that the ifname:number device can only be configured after the main interface has been set up. @@ -4497,7 +4497,7 @@ for the given object. If you do not give a command, the default command will be assumed. Typically the -default command is to list the objects.If the the objects can not be listed, the default will +default command is to list the objects. If the objects can not be listed, the default will provide standard help output. @@ -5809,7 +5809,7 @@ either the ethernet encapsulation packet format or the RFC1051 packet format. Once you have your kernel properly built to support your ethernet card, then -configuring the the card is easy. +configuring the card is easy. Typically you would use something like: diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Network-boot-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Network-boot-HOWTO.sgml index 28857ae1..1625e897 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Network-boot-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Network-boot-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ Again, this was just to show the general principle. The files'names should also be dependant on the workstations'names or IPs. - Another solution to swap over a network block device is to create an ext2 filesystem on the NBD, then create a regular file on this filesystem, and at last, use mkswap and swapon to start swapping on this file. This second method method is closer to the swap over NFS method than the first solution. + Another solution to swap over a network block device is to create an ext2 filesystem on the NBD, then create a regular file on this filesystem, and at last, use mkswap and swapon to start swapping on this file. This second method is closer to the swap over NFS method than the first solution. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/OLSR-IPv6-HOWTO/OLSR-IPv6-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/OLSR-IPv6-HOWTO/OLSR-IPv6-HOWTO.xml index 4c4c73e9..e07edc9e 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/OLSR-IPv6-HOWTO/OLSR-IPv6-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/OLSR-IPv6-HOWTO/OLSR-IPv6-HOWTO.xml @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ Working Group. CRCOLSR CRCOLSR is a implementation based on the French INRIA - code. It is is supposed to be maintained by Communication + code. It is supposed to be maintained by Communication Research Center (CRC) in Canada. But as of this writing, there have been no new releases since April 3, 2003. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/PCTel-MicroModem-Config.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/PCTel-MicroModem-Config.sgml index 95537b5f..56a3290d 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/PCTel-MicroModem-Config.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/PCTel-MicroModem-Config.sgml @@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ the drivers pctel.o and ptserial.o There is only one way to check whether the drivers are working or not. You will have to see if your modem is recognized or not. The driver makes a node for your modem at /dev/ttyS15 , no matter -what com port it may be in in M$DOS/M$ Windows. /dev/ttyS15 is symlinked to /dev/modem and as +what com port it may be in, in M$DOS/M$ Windows. /dev/ttyS15 is symlinked to /dev/modem and as most programs search for a modem at /dev/modem first, you will not have to fiddle with the settings/configs of those programs. The program that I use to test my modem in GNU/Linux is minicom. If you have minicom installed, what you have to do is type diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/PHP-Nuke-HOWTO/PHP-Nuke-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/PHP-Nuke-HOWTO/PHP-Nuke-HOWTO.sgml index fb078411..3e846c5a 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/PHP-Nuke-HOWTO/PHP-Nuke-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/PHP-Nuke-HOWTO/PHP-Nuke-HOWTO.sgml @@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ to come back. In other browsers such as IE6, the access keys just give focus to PHP-Nuke utilizes as hinge of its own structure the duo PHP+ MySQL, very often being accompanied by the Apache web server.server Many modules have integrated many other languages, such as Javascript,Javascript Java,Java Flash and also even systems that serve, through the portal, sounds and films in streaming mode (Online Radio,Radio TV Online, Images, Files...). From version 6.x onwards, the compatibility has been extended to include other databases as well, in order to extend the user base even more vastly. PHP-Nuke is developed with a particular eye to the suggestions of the W3C, in its origin,origin the code is in fact W3C compliant and one has validated both the code and the style sheets.style sheets It is then up to the user who intends to create a portal to adhere to these standards during the modification of the graphics or the intrinsic characteristics of the system.systemThe personalisation either of the graphical, or of the programming part has only a single limit, the fantasy and capability of the programmer and web designer.designerThe presence of many PHP-Nuke sites similar to each other is due mainly to the lack of time of those who created them or the fear that the phase of personalisation is too difficult on a technical level. In fact, it suffices to let oneself be inspired by the available themes,themes in order to realize how easy it is to sew a new dress to one's portal.portalFrancisco Burzi,Burzi father and mother of PHP-Nuke, describes his creation as follows:
PHP-Nuke is a Web Portal System, storytelling software, News system,system online community or whatever you want to call it. The goal of PHP-Nuke is to have an automated web site to distribute newsnews and articles with users system.system Each user can submit comments to discuss the articles, just similar to Slashdot and many others. Main features include: web based admin,admin surveys, top page, access stats page with counter,counter user customizable box, themes manager for registered users, friendly administration GUI with graphic topic manager,manager option to edit or delete stories, option to delete comments, moderation system,system Referers page to know who link us, sections manager,manager customizable HTML blocks, user and authors edit, an integrated Banners Ads system,system search engine, backend/headlines generation (RSS/RDF format), and many, many more friendly functions.PHP-Nuke is written 100% in PHP and requires Apache Web server,server PHP and a SQL (MySQL, mSQL, PostgreSQL, ODBC, ODBC_Adabas,ODBC_Adabas Sybase or Interbase). Support for 25 languages, Yahoo like search engine,engine Comments option in Polls, lot of themes, Ephemerids manager, File Manager, Headlines, downloaddownload manager, faq manager, advanced blocks systems, reviews system, newsletter,newsletter categorized articles, multilanguage content management and a lot more.
 Short history of PHP-NukeFrancisco Burzi,Burzi describes the history of PHP-Nuke as follows:
PHP-Nuke is a free software, released under the GNU GPL License, version 2.0. PHP-Nuke is the result of many years administrating a news site called Linux Preview. First, around August 1998, I wrote my own code in Perl called NUKE and used it for about 1 year, then my site grew big, so I needed a more powerfull system and decided to use Slash,Slash the same used in the Slashdot site. It's good, but you realy need to know Perl to modify it, need too many modules,modules need to load a damn daemon that sucks all your CPU power. My Pentium III just appeared to be a 386 each minute the daemon made its work.Well, then I discovered Thatware,Thatware a good project to have a news site under PHP.PHP I learned PHP in less than a week and began modifying it. There are too many mods to mention, it was practicaly a rewrite.rewrite I added some cool stuff, deleted some others and after more than 380 hourshours of hard work in 3 weeks! PHP-Nuke was born.On August 17, 2000 I sold LinuxPreview.Previeworg to LinuxAlianza.com and now I have all the time to dedicate to the development of PHP-Nuke.From January 2001 to January 2002, PHP-Nuke has been financially supported by MandrakeSoft, the folks that made Mandrake Linux.Linux This gave me and PHP-Nuke a lot of oxygen and made possible a lot of stuff.Now, I'm alone with this killer project.project There is a lot of help from the people that use and develop modules and themes.themes Now, phpnuke.org is a big site with a lot of users and helpful information for any user around the world. There are also strong users community sites in almost any language you can imagine. Just go to phpnuke.org and enjoy this great community!
The <application>PHP-Nuke</application> CommunitiesA careful look is due to the true value of PHP-Nuke, that is the communitiescommunities that you will find all around. Thanks to the voluntary job of these persons, of these sites, PHP-Nuke has become a well-known system and it is always thanks to them that PHP-Nuke is a multilanguage system that supports more than 25 languages. Even the modules have been created mostly from developers in external communities and have, in second round, been included in new distributions of PHP-Nuke. There are communities out there who are solely devoted to the creation of new graphical themes of PHP-Nuke, to technical support, file mirroring as well as a real lot of multilingual communities that take care of their members informing them in their local language, thus creating new personal ties and more focused projects. Nukeforums.com: Technical support to PHP-Nuke.Nukecops: Official PHP-Nuke development team.Karakas-Online PHP-Nuke Forum: Chris' PHP-Nuke Forum.ForumNukedownloads.com: File mirror for downloads.adsnukeresources.com: Downloadsadsnukefixes.com: Fixes for PHP-Nuke bugs.bugsnukesecurity.com: PHP-Nuke security.securitySomara.com: Themes and graphics.graphicsNukethemes.com: Themes and graphics.graphicsEcomjunk.com: Addons and modules.modulesNukeaddn.com: Addons and modules.modulesCommunities in Italian language: Spaghettibrain.comClaudiodemarinis.itPHPnuke.itSplatt.itNukeitalia.comThanks to the work of these portals and single persons we have more than 500 different modules and blocks that may be used to personalize our portal,portal in areas varying from the weather () to e-commerce (), from gallery () to chat realized in flash and videogames in Java,Java all included in the layout of PHP-Nuke. -Why use <application>PHP-Nuke</application> and not static HTML pagesBecause managing large sites with only static HTML pages is dangerous for your health.Because through the dynamic pages, users can interact (Forum,Forum chat)Because through the dynamic pages we can offer value added services (restricted areas, various services based on user classification.classification..) Because the information is more easily catalogued.Because with a few PHP pages we recall a lot of information.informationBecause keeping the contents up-to-date does not demand particular technical expertise and can be managed by anyone (by Davis Batistes).It is the simplest way to to pull over a complete portal,portal thanks to its open source engine,engine it allows anyone to implement new modules or to modify and to personalize existing modules.modules (by Micione,Micione www.vizzani.net)It is very intuitive and easy to learn (by Anonymous)It is easy to modify by those who intend to personalize the program (By Arus)It is easy to use by the lesser experts among us. +Why use <application>PHP-Nuke</application> and not static HTML pagesBecause managing large sites with only static HTML pages is dangerous for your health.Because through the dynamic pages, users can interact (Forum,Forum chat)Because through the dynamic pages we can offer value added services (restricted areas, various services based on user classification.classification..) Because the information is more easily catalogued.Because with a few PHP pages we recall a lot of information.informationBecause keeping the contents up-to-date does not demand particular technical expertise and can be managed by anyone (by Davis Batistes).It is the simplest way to pull over a complete portal,portal thanks to its open source engine,engine it allows anyone to implement new modules or to modify and to personalize existing modules.modules (by Micione,Micione www.vizzani.net)It is very intuitive and easy to learn (by Anonymous)It is easy to modify by those who intend to personalize the program (By Arus)It is easy to use by the lesser experts among us. The <application>PHP-Nuke</application> forksThere are several CMS systems, which are PHPNuke forks;forks among the most famous, we can mention Post-Nuke, Envolution, MyPHPNuke and Xoops.PHP-Nuke vs. Post-NukePost-Nuke is another Content Management System (CMS) similar to PHP-Nuke. Whilst PostNuke is a fork of PHP-Nuke, the entire core of the product has been replaced, with the aim of making it more secure and stable, and able to work in high-volume environments with ease.Some of the highlights of PostNuke are, according to its developers (in Post-Nuke Modules):Customisation of all aspects of the website's appearance through themes,themes including CSS support.The ability to specify items as being suitable for either a single or all languages.The best guarantee of displaying your webpages on all browsers due to HTMLHTML 4.01 transitional compliance.complianceA standard API and extensive documentation to allow for easy creation of extended functionality through modules and blocks.The merits of Post-Nuke, as compared to those of PHP-Nuke, have been subject of controversial discussion among fans of both CMSs. We cannot give an objective opinion, since we are biased towards PHP-Nuke. ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Inline graphic However, we will try to give you an idea: Even its critics will agree that, for a portal whose purpose is to make information publicly accessible,accessible PHP-Nuke is a very good solution. In comparison to Post-Nuke,Post-Nuke most people will also find that PHP-Nuke has many more modules available. However, some will argue that most of them seem geared toward the average end user and not a business or corporate environment.On the plus side, PostNuke has a very detailed strict user permissions system allowing you to limit access to every module and area of your site to a general group or a specific user. The permissions system allows you to create groups and users with special permissions. You can add a user to one or many of these groups to give a variety of complex permissions easily. This is handy if you need moderators, sub admins, and other people helping manage a commercial site and wish to limit admin access. This may make PostNuke more appealing to a professional site - but see the Your Account Tweak module (), the Approve Membership module ( ), the eCommerce modules () or the Project Management WorkBoard module () before you draw premature conclusions. ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Inline graphic Here are some PostNuke modules that are popular among business end users:Xanthia Theme EngineContentExpess Content managementStatic Content ManagementPostCalendarFormExpress Forms GeneratorpnAddressBook (Palm Style)LDAPNukeOWLPNphpBB2However, PostNuke seems to be caught prisoner of its own development impetus:impetus it changed so fast, so often, and made code break backward compatibilitycompatibility in newer versions so often, that it became difficult even for seasoned webmasters to follow it. Lack of compatibility even between adjacent versions and rumours on its development being suspended, has robbed the nerve of quite a few people, who then turned back to PHP-Nuke for its great community,community support, continuing, smooth development and vast collection of modules.modules The following quote,quote taken from History of PHP-Nuke and Post-Nuke, reflects this situation:
I spent a month trying to customize Post-Nuke for a client, and then I gave up. It was too hard and the support was non-existent. Although you'll find many people in the community who want to help you, you'll find no one who has experience with the particular version you've got.
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ This process only really applies if your PHP-Nuke wil Permissions: Each file or directorydirectories are just special files in Linux has 3 groups of permissions associated with it: one set of Read, Write or Execute permissions for the owner (also called “user” in this context), a group and "others" respectively. The owner in our case should be the user name of your web server.server The group is a user group the web server is a member of. And “others” are just “the rest”. File permissions are usually grouped together in groups of three, like this: (rwx)(rwx)(rwx). The first group are the user permissions, the second one the group permissionspermissions and the third one the permissions for “others”. A good mnemonic for this grouping is UGO (User,User Group, Others). Inside each permissions group, a certain permission may or may not be present. Thus, the user (owner) of the file will usually have read and write permissionspermissions (and execute permission too, if the file is executable), but the group permissions may only allow read access and “others” may not be allowed to access the file at all, neither for reading, nor for writing or execution.If you imagine that the existence of a permission is denoted by a 1, while its absence by a 0, then you end up with a representation like (111)(111)(111), where all permissions are present for all, or (000)(000)(000), where they are absent for all. Of course, any other combination is possible, for example (111)(110)100), which denotes read, write and execute permissions for the user (all 1s are present in the first grouping: (111)), read and write permissions for the group (only the first and second 1s are there in the second grouping (110)) and read permission for others (since only the first 1 is there, while the rest are 0s in the third grouping (100)).Writing down a sequence of nine 0s and 1s is not very practical, so one came with the idea to interprete each one of the three groupings as a binary number. A (111) would thus mean a 7, a (110) a 6, a (100) a 4. Taken together, the sequence (111)(110)100) of the example above would be represented by the number 764.764 That's compact and widely used.Unfortunately, it is also very cryptic,cryptic since most people didn't have much exposure to the binary number system at school, not to mention everyday life. How is one going to understand instructions like “set file permissions to 644644” then?Luckily, there exists an easy mnemonic for this: “4,2,1”, that is the first 1 counts as a 4, the second as a 2 and the third one as 1 - a 0 is always a 0, by the way, even in the binary system. ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Inline graphic -Whenever you see a 1 in the first position of a permissions triple, you add a 4, whenever you see one in the second, you add a 2 and if you see it in the third, you add 1. You do this for UGO, that is for User,User Group and Others and you end up with a three digit number that represents the permissions of the file.Most of the time, however, you will be busy deciphering permissions,permissions rather than formulating them yourself in this cryptic manner. So how do you go about interpreting a permissions representation like 764764 that was given to you in a document like the PHP-Nuke HOWTO? For this, you will need to develop a “feeling” of how each of the three numbers (7, 6 and 4 in this example) can be written a a unique sum of 4s, 2s and 1s. For example 7 is 4+2+1, 6 is 4+2 and 4 is just 4. A 4 in the sum represents a 1 in the leftmost position. If a 4 is not present in the sum, the leftmost position is a 0. A 2 in the sum reperesents a 1 in the middle position - if there is no 2 in the sum, you just write a 0 there. Finally, a 1 in the sum represents a 1 in the rightmost position, while if there is no 1 in the sum, you write a 0 there.Now if you remember that the leftmost 1 or 0 in a pattern like (111) denotesnotes a read permission or the absence or it, a 1 or a 0 in the middle position denotesnotes a write permission or its absence and a 1 or 0 in the leftmost position denotesnotes an execute permission or its absence, then you can take a permissions represenation like 764 above, see that 7=4+2+1 and realize that it means (111), see that 6=4+2 (or 4+2+0, if you like) and realize that it means (110), finally see that 4=4 (or 4+0+0) and realize that it stands for (100), and you can see that 764 is equivalent to (111)(110)(100), meaning read, write and execute permissions for the user (owner), read and write permissions for the group and only read permissions for others. +Whenever you see a 1 in the first position of a permissions triple, you add a 4, whenever you see one in the second, you add a 2 and if you see it in the third, you add 1. You do this for UGO, that is for User,User Group and Others and you end up with a three digit number that represents the permissions of the file.Most of the time, however, you will be busy deciphering permissions,permissions rather than formulating them yourself in this cryptic manner. So how do you go about interpreting a permissions representation like 764764 that was given to you in a document like the PHP-Nuke HOWTO? For this, you will need to develop a “feeling” of how each of the three numbers (7, 6 and 4 in this example) can be written as a unique sum of 4s, 2s and 1s. For example 7 is 4+2+1, 6 is 4+2 and 4 is just 4. A 4 in the sum represents a 1 in the leftmost position. If a 4 is not present in the sum, the leftmost position is a 0. A 2 in the sum reperesents a 1 in the middle position - if there is no 2 in the sum, you just write a 0 there. Finally, a 1 in the sum represents a 1 in the rightmost position, while if there is no 1 in the sum, you write a 0 there.Now if you remember that the leftmost 1 or 0 in a pattern like (111) denotesnotes a read permission or the absence or it, a 1 or a 0 in the middle position denotesnotes a write permission or its absence and a 1 or 0 in the leftmost position denotesnotes an execute permission or its absence, then you can take a permissions represenation like 764 above, see that 7=4+2+1 and realize that it means (111), see that 6=4+2 (or 4+2+0, if you like) and realize that it means (110), finally see that 4=4 (or 4+0+0) and realize that it stands for (100), and you can see that 764 is equivalent to (111)(110)(100), meaning read, write and execute permissions for the user (owner), read and write permissions for the group and only read permissions for others. Easy after all, isn't it? ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Inline graphic For more information on permissions,permissions see:Setting Unix Permissions For Web PagesAn Introduction to Unix PermissionsUnderstanding UNIX permissions and chmodTutorial: UNIX PermissionsSetting up permissions on files serves the purpose of having them execute only certain operations (write, execute etc.) when called. Setting them up correctly is important for PHP-Nuke to operate in its full functionality.functionality The right permissions for PHP-Nuke are the following (for the base permissions,permissions see in the context of security): Files: 644644Directories:Directories 755Only directories that require upload access (like the forum's avatar folder, if you allow avatar upload) should be set to 777 and files that get datadata written to them by the program should be set to 666.666 With WS_FTP you must select the files or folders on which you want to impose the permissionpermissions and, with the right mouse key,key to select the option “chmod (UNIX)” (see ).
@@ -1787,7 +1787,7 @@ A superuser is an administrator with all admin powers. One should call it supera ]]>in config.configphp for site 1 and in config.configphp for site 2. All other values should stay identical in the config.configphp files of both sites.Edit the nuke.sql file (located under the sql directory of the PHP-Nuke package) for each site. Change every occurence of “nuke_” to “nuke1_” for site 1 and to “nuke2_” for site 2, then proceed with the installation as described in . If you use nukesql.php () for the installation,installation see the tip at the end of this section. -Different <application>PHP-Nuke</application> sites with the same user baseThere are situations that you might want to share users among your PHP-Nuke sites. For example, if you have a site about cars and another one about car insurance,insurance your users will probably be interested in both. But requiring them to enter two different logins and passwords is not going to make them happy - that's where $user_prefix comes into play.The idea behind a separate prefix for the users table in PHP-Nuke is to enable you to keep all other tables separate, but use the same users table across different PHP-Nuke installations.ations By using a different $prefix for each site, but the same $user_prefix for both, your users will require only one login and password - and will be recognized by the second site, while logged in in the first one and vice versa.To use the same user base in two separate PHP-Nuke sites, proceed as follows:Use the same database as descibed in .Use separate $prefix values, but the same $user_prefix for both config.phpconfig.php files, e.g. Different <application>PHP-Nuke</application> sites with the same user baseThere are situations that you might want to share users among your PHP-Nuke sites. For example, if you have a site about cars and another one about car insurance,insurance your users will probably be interested in both. But requiring them to enter two different logins and passwords is not going to make them happy - that's where $user_prefix comes into play.The idea behind a separate prefix for the users table in PHP-Nuke is to enable you to keep all other tables separate, but use the same users table across different PHP-Nuke installations.ations By using a different $prefix for each site, but the same $user_prefix for both, your users will require only one login and password - and will be recognized by the second site, while logged into the first one and vice versa.To use the same user base in two separate PHP-Nuke sites, proceed as follows:Use the same database as descibed in .Use separate $prefix values, but the same $user_prefix for both config.phpconfig.php files, e.g. in config.configphp for site 1 and It lists the top 10 active elements of our portal:10 most read articles10 most commented articles10 most active categories10 most read articles in the special sections10 most voted surveyssurveys10 most active authors10 most read book reviewsreviews10most downloaded files10 most read pagesTopics:Topics Lists the main categories of PHP-Nuke. Once we have entered this module,module we will be able, by clicking on the corresponding icon of the topic we are interested in, to carry out a selection of articles and in automatic mode, to see all the articles corresponding to this topic. We are also presented with a small search interface to finish our searchsearch in the chosen context.contextWebLinks:WebLinks It is a collection of web links. This module has the exact same functionality as the Download module so there is no need to explain it any more. Read if you are looking for a quick way to enter thousands of Web links. Further, in we show how to modify the PHP-Nuke Web Links module.moduleYour Account: -It's the administration console for your “User Profile” (It only works for registered users), the implemented functions are (see ):Change your info:info enables management of your profile by changing your E-mail, Where you're from, AIM, ICQ,ICQ Avatar & Fake E-mail etc...Change your Home: creates a personalized menu (as a block) for navigation,navigation the user can put in there whatever he wants (tests,tests links, images).Setup comments:comments Configures the display of comments, assigning display criteria.Theme selection: Changes the theme of the site, allowing you to choose between all available themes.themesJournal:Journal enables you to write your own diary to be published on the portal. Something like a Weblog in a Weblog,Weblog so to say. ;-)Webmail:Webmail once configured correctly, this mail application allows you to read all your e-mails from all your e-mail accounts, without the need for any other mail client.Logout/Exit: It lets us exit from our current user profile,profile cancelling the cookie.cookieMy Headlines: Imports into the the user's private area those news in RDF/RSSRSS format that are published by preselected news sources.sources The user can thus set up together his own personalized newspaper.newspaper An even broader news functionality is offered by the My Headlines modulemodule (), whose functionality you can see in action at Chris' News-o-matic page.Broadcast Message: If the subject is aproppriate and the administrator has allowed it in the Preferences of the administration panel (), we can send messages that will be visible to all users on the home page of the site. It is also possible to disable the function,function so that we don't see messages broadcast by other users.Your private messages: This box displays the user's private messages.Last 10 articles: Offers a list of the last 10 articles posted by that user. +It's the administration console for your “User Profile” (It only works for registered users), the implemented functions are (see ):Change your info:info enables management of your profile by changing your E-mail, Where you're from, AIM, ICQ,ICQ Avatar & Fake E-mail etc...Change your Home: creates a personalized menu (as a block) for navigation,navigation the user can put in there whatever he wants (tests,tests links, images).Setup comments:comments Configures the display of comments, assigning display criteria.Theme selection: Changes the theme of the site, allowing you to choose between all available themes.themesJournal:Journal enables you to write your own diary to be published on the portal. Something like a Weblog in a Weblog,Weblog so to say. ;-)Webmail:Webmail once configured correctly, this mail application allows you to read all your e-mails from all your e-mail accounts, without the need for any other mail client.Logout/Exit: It lets us exit from our current user profile,profile cancelling the cookie.cookieMy Headlines: Imports into the user's private area those news in RDF/RSSRSS format that are published by preselected news sources.sources The user can thus set up together his own personalized newspaper.newspaper An even broader news functionality is offered by the My Headlines modulemodule (), whose functionality you can see in action at Chris' News-o-matic page.Broadcast Message: If the subject is aproppriate and the administrator has allowed it in the Preferences of the administration panel (), we can send messages that will be visible to all users on the home page of the site. It is also possible to disable the function,function so that we don't see messages broadcast by other users.Your private messages: This box displays the user's private messages.Last 10 articles: Offers a list of the last 10 articles posted by that user.
@@ -3152,7 +3152,7 @@ The counter is incremented only if the "Read more" link has been clicked. The co </term><listitem><para>Starting from version 6.8 of PHP-Nuke, it is possible to acquire News from the <ulink url="http://xdmp.com">XDMP site</ulink>. The News are available in many categories and will be automatically published on your site, once you acquire the service. For this to take place, you will only need to edit the modules/News/xdmp.php file, inserting the login and password you were assigned on acquisition.<indexterm><primary>acquisition</primary></indexterm> You can set up the news categories and the refresh intervalls from the interface offered by modules/News/xdmp.php. An even broader news functionality is offered by the My Headlines module<indexterm><primary>module</primary></indexterm> (<xref linkend="PHP-Nuke-My-Headlines-module">), whose functionality you can see in action at Chris' <ulink url="http://www.karakas-online.de/myHeadlines/index.html">News-o-matic</ulink> page.</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist></sect1> <sect1 id="non-installed-modules"><title>Non-installed modulesSee for some interesting add-on modules for PHP-Nuke. The preinstalled blocksModules: -Lists all active modules.modules In case you are the Administrator, it displays also the inactive modules,modules as wel as those that are hidden. The Modules block is very often used for navigation purposes, see for example , , and . But is is also possible to use the Content block (see below) to obtain a similar result. +Lists all active modules.modules In case you are the Administrator, it displays also the inactive modules,modules as wel as those that are hidden. The Modules block is very often used for navigation purposes, see for example , , and . But it is also possible to use the Content block (see below) to obtain a similar result.
The standard Modules block @@ -4495,7 +4495,7 @@ You can only insert terms in an encyclopedia after you have already entered the </mediaobject> </figure> </para><para>Given the length of the administration interface of the phpBB Forum,<indexterm><primary>Forum</primary></indexterm> we will traverse its functions following the order of the menu in the left frame.<indexterm><primary>frame</primary></indexterm></para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>Admin Index:<indexterm><primary>Index</primary></indexterm> -</term><listitem><para>Leads back to the the administration panel of <application>PHP-Nuke</application> (<xref linkend="administration-functions">).</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>Forum Index:<indexterm><primary>Index</primary></indexterm> +</term><listitem><para>Leads back to the administration panel of <application>PHP-Nuke</application> (<xref linkend="administration-functions">).</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>Forum Index:<indexterm><primary>Index</primary></indexterm> </term><listitem><para>Leads back to the main Forum page.</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>Preview Forum:<indexterm><primary>Forum</primary></indexterm> </term><listitem><para>Offers a preview of the forum, keeping the left frame with the administration functions in place.</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>Management: </term><listitem><para>Here you can create the categories that will form the criteria<indexterm><primary>criteria</primary></indexterm> for grouping the forums, old and new ones. It is also possible to change their order inside a category, lock and unlock<indexterm><primary>lock</primary></indexterm> a forum, and configure the pruning function for every forum.<indexterm><primary>forum</primary></indexterm> Pruning is the self-cleaning action that deletes all threads that did not receive a posting in the last N days, N being individually set by the administrator.</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>Pruning:<indexterm><primary>Pruning</primary></indexterm> @@ -8421,7 +8421,7 @@ Bear in mind that, depending on the versions of <application>PHP-Nuke</applicati ]]></screen><para>in the URL box of his browser by hand, thus triggering the “operation new_user<indexterm><primary>new_user</primary></indexterm>” in <application>PHP-Nuke</application>. By this, it becomes clear that a real solution must at least change the behaviour of <application>PHP-Nuke</application> for the value “new_user<indexterm><primary>new_user</primary></indexterm>” of the op URL parameter.<indexterm><primary>parameter</primary></indexterm></para><para>Again, instead of chasing links in the code, there is a more elegant solution:</para><para>In modules/Your_Account/index.<indexterm><primary>index</primary></indexterm>php find the lines:</para><screen><![CDATA[case "new_user": ]]><![CDATA[new_user(); ]]><![CDATA[break; -]]></screen><para>and replace them with with:</para><screen><![CDATA[case "new_user": +]]></screen><para>and replace them with:</para><screen><![CDATA[case "new_user": ]]><![CDATA[Header("Refresh: 0; url=index.php"); ]]><![CDATA[break; ]]></screen><para>This will only disable registration from the Your Account module (more accurately: it will redirect every registration attempt to the main index.<indexterm><primary>index</primary></indexterm>php page).</para><para>To disable it in the Forums too, edit modules/Forums/profile.<indexterm><primary>profile</primary></indexterm>php. Find</para><screen><![CDATA[else if ( $mode == 'editprofile' || $mode == 'register' ) @@ -9488,7 +9488,7 @@ If you use a $DB_prefix, make sure it ends in an underscore (_), otherwise it wi </row> </tbody> </tgroup></table></para><para>This happens if, for example, you are installing Help Center Live locally, and the host name for $URL_site is taken from a hosts file and not from DNS.<indexterm><primary>DNS</primary></indexterm> One way to get around this is to change all calls to setcookie() listed in <xref linkend="tab-Help-Center-Live-setcookie"> and take out the last two parameters, $URL_site and $URL_secure, as in the following example:</para><screen><![CDATA[setcookie("Help Center LiveUser", $INFO_username, $time, $URL_dir); -]]></screen><para>After the installation of Help Center Live, you can point your browser the the address you entered for $URL_maindir (http://midas/helpcenter, in our example) and, after a successful login,<indexterm><primary>login</primary></indexterm> you will be presented with the main screen (<xref linkend="fig-help-center-live-main">).</para><para> +]]></screen><para>After the installation of Help Center Live, you can point your browser to the address you entered for $URL_maindir (http://midas/helpcenter, in our example) and, after a successful login,<indexterm><primary>login</primary></indexterm> you will be presented with the main screen (<xref linkend="fig-help-center-live-main">).</para><para> <figure id="fig-help-center-live-main"> <title> Help Center Live: Main screen. @@ -10726,7 +10726,7 @@ Most of the work in the method we presented, will revolve around changing link </para> </tip> </sect1> -<sect1 id="include-HTML-file-and-links-in-module-iframe"><title>How to include a HTML file and its links using an iframe in a <application>PHP-Nuke</application> moduleYou can also use an iframe to include an external HTML page in your module.module An inline frame (iframe) is a construct which embeds a document into an HTML document so that embedded data is displayed inside a subwindow of the browser's window. This does not mean full inclusion; the two documents are independent, and both them are treated as complete documents, instead of treating one as part of the other (see see Using inline frames (iframe elements) to embed documents into HTML documents).Iframes are not supported by all browsers, however they offer a much more comfortable alternative to the solution of , since any links of the included HTML page will be shown in the iframe,frame if they are linked with a relative URL.URL To include a HTML file and its links in a PHP-Nuke module,module use the following as the index.indexphp file of the module (see Adding Links To The Main Page (Modules) and Make PHP-Nuke Use "Frame Like target"):How to include a HTML file and its links using an iframe in a <application>PHP-Nuke</application> moduleYou can also use an iframe to include an external HTML page in your module.module An inline frame (iframe) is a construct which embeds a document into an HTML document so that embedded data is displayed inside a subwindow of the browser's window. This does not mean full inclusion; the two documents are independent, and both them are treated as complete documents, instead of treating one as part of the other (see Using inline frames (iframe elements) to embed documents into HTML documents).Iframes are not supported by all browsers, however they offer a much more comfortable alternative to the solution of , since any links of the included HTML page will be shown in the iframe,frame if they are linked with a relative URL.URL To include a HTML file and its links in a PHP-Nuke module,module use the following as the index.indexphp file of the module (see Adding Links To The Main Page (Modules) and Make PHP-Nuke Use "Frame Like target"):As you see we have modified the life duration of the second cookie from 2592000 (a month) to 7200 seconds (two hours). As you can easily see, we have reduced the action radius of the script kiddie down from one month to two hours.hoursA much more effective tag filter is realized through the check_html and filter_text functions in mainfile.php (see ). The admissible tags are defined in in the file config.php in the $AllowableHTMLAllowableHTML array, these are valid for the comments,comments the insertion of news and many other user inputs (see and for all instances of a call to the filter_text and check_html functions respectively).All these actions and a correct configuration of the permissions as illustratedillustrated in and , should guarantee us a good security for our site. It is also important to closely follow the security warnings for PHP-Nuke that are brought up on the various security advisories (see ). +]]>As you see we have modified the life duration of the second cookie from 2592000 (a month) to 7200 seconds (two hours). As you can easily see, we have reduced the action radius of the script kiddie down from one month to two hours.hoursA much more effective tag filter is realized through the check_html and filter_text functions in mainfile.php (see ). The admissible tags are defined in the file config.php in the $AllowableHTMLAllowableHTML array, these are valid for the comments,comments the insertion of news and many other user inputs (see and for all instances of a call to the filter_text and check_html functions respectively).All these actions and a correct configuration of the permissions as illustratedillustrated in and , should guarantee us a good security for our site. It is also important to closely follow the security warnings for PHP-Nuke that are brought up on the various security advisories (see ). Changing the duration of the user cookieIf you want to redefine the duration of the user cookie (as opposed to the administrator cookie), you have to edit the file modules/Your_Account/index.php.index.php There, find the function docookie():in two places:after after the global line of the is_amdin() function in mainfile.php andat the begining of the admin.adminphp file.Change the “66.666.66666.6” and “55.555.55.555.555.55.5” to the IP addresses you want to block and you are done! See How to block an IP address in PHP-Nuke.The more elaborate approach is to create a text file, call it banned.bannedtxt, containing all the IP addresses you want to ban,ban one address per line. Upload banned.bannedtxt in the PHP-Nuke root directory on your web server (this is the same directory where also config.configphp is located). Then include the following code in the includes/my_header.headerphp file (the custom HTML header file of PHP-Nuke, see ):in two places:after the global line of the is_amdin() function in mainfile.php andat the begining of the admin.adminphp file.Change the “66.666.66666.6” and “55.555.55.555.555.55.5” to the IP addresses you want to block and you are done! See How to block an IP address in PHP-Nuke.The more elaborate approach is to create a text file, call it banned.bannedtxt, containing all the IP addresses you want to ban,ban one address per line. Upload banned.bannedtxt in the PHP-Nuke root directory on your web server (this is the same directory where also config.configphp is located). Then include the following code in the includes/my_header.headerphp file (the custom HTML header file of PHP-Nuke, see ):In the above example, only a small part of the structure of the nuke_usersnuke_users table is shown for brevity. You will also most probably have more than one user, so that the data part will also be much bigger (we only show the user data for user “AnonymousAnonymous”).We can get a partial restore of the single nuke_users table in three ways:We copy and paste the relevant structure and data parts from our backupbackup file into a separate file that we will call partial_backup.backupsql. Then we use phpMyAdmin's “SQL queryquery” function (see ) to import the partial_backup.backupsql file, just as we do with any other file containing SQL queries.queries We enter the full path to partial_backup.backupsql in the “textfile” field of and click on “Go”.We copy and paste the the relevant structure and data parts from our backupbackup file into the text area field above the “BrowseBrowse” button, then click on “Go”.We don't use phpMyAdmin but use the shell command line instead. From the shell promt, we type:In the above example, only a small part of the structure of the nuke_usersnuke_users table is shown for brevity. You will also most probably have more than one user, so that the data part will also be much bigger (we only show the user data for user “AnonymousAnonymous”).We can get a partial restore of the single nuke_users table in three ways:We copy and paste the relevant structure and data parts from our backupbackup file into a separate file that we will call partial_backup.backupsql. Then we use phpMyAdmin's “SQL queryquery” function (see ) to import the partial_backup.backupsql file, just as we do with any other file containing SQL queries.queries We enter the full path to partial_backup.backupsql in the “textfile” field of and click on “Go”.We copy and paste the relevant structure and data parts from our backupbackup file into the text area field above the “BrowseBrowse” button, then click on “Go”.We don't use phpMyAdmin but use the shell command line instead. From the shell promt, we type:where dbhost,dbhost dbuname and dbname are exactly the same as in your config.php file(). How to restore a large backupIf your backup file is really large (a few megabytes are enough), PHP will not be able to import it in the usual CPU time limit of 30 sec. that is set by most ISPs.ISPs The result will be an error and a corrupted or incomplete table. In this case you can proceed as follows:If you have access to the shell promt, login to your server with SSH and type the following on the shell prompt:where dbhost,dbhost dbuname and dbname are exactly the same as in your config.php file().If you don't have shell access,access you can use an interface like MysqlFront (see ): @@ -14074,7 +14074,7 @@ If your PHP has some timeout limit set (often 30 sec), you wi List of users.nuke_words:nuke_words Words to censure. The syntax of HTML codeHTML is the language that is used to construct web pages. It is somewhat obsolete, as it is going to be replaced by XHTML.XHTML In this section we will have a look at the HTML code we need in order to format text,create links, insert images,imagescreate tables.tablesHow to format text in HTMLTo format a text in bold, you can use the <b> tag (deprecated in XHTML,XHTML use CSS instead, see , !). We recall that in HTML in most cases you have to open and close the tag. Thus, the codeHello World -]]>means that the word “Hello” shall be in bold face, while the rest of the sentence will be in normal face, since the <b> tag was closed with </b> immediately after the word “Hello”. Other formatting tags are:<u></u> (for underlining a phrase)<i></i> (for italicizing,italicizing i.e. render a phrase with cursive face)But how how can we change not only the face, but also the colour,colour the size and the font? For this, the <font> tag comes to our help (also deprecateddeprecated in XHTML,XHTML use CSS instead, see , !). Let's take a concrete example and analyze it:Hello World +]]>means that the word “Hello” shall be in bold face, while the rest of the sentence will be in normal face, since the <b> tag was closed with </b> immediately after the word “Hello”. Other formatting tags are:<u></u> (for underlining a phrase)<i></i> (for italicizing,italicizing i.e. render a phrase with cursive face)But how can we change not only the face, but also the colour,colour the size and the font? For this, the <font> tag comes to our help (also deprecateddeprecated in XHTML,XHTML use CSS instead, see , !). Let's take a concrete example and analyze it:Hello World ]]>The code assigns some values to attributes of the font tag, that will apply to the “Hello World” text:color="#FF0000": assigns the red colour to the text. Why red? Because only the first two hex numbers are set (to FF, which is the hexadecimal notation for 255), meaning that only the red component is active (there are three components, red, grren and blue, each one taking up two hex digits in the colur notation). Colour wheels @@ -14243,7 +14243,7 @@ This HOWTO uses a <ulink url="ck-style.css">special CSS file</ulink> (well, at l ]]><![CDATA[ ]]><![CDATA[} ]]></screen><para>It has the following structure,<indexterm><primary>structure</primary></indexterm> common to every <acronym>PHP</acronym> function:</para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>the function name, preceded by the keyword "function"<indexterm><primary>function</primary></indexterm>,</para></listitem><listitem><para>the function parameters in the parenthesis,<indexterm><primary>parenthesis</primary></indexterm></para></listitem><listitem><para>the global variables that we intend to use in this function, registered<indexterm><primary>registered</primary></indexterm> through the "global"<indexterm><primary>global</primary></indexterm> keyword (we cannot use any global variables, if we do not register them as such),</para></listitem><listitem><para>the curly brackets that include the function's content</para></listitem></itemizedlist><para>Functions may be called from anywhere in the <acronym>PHP</acronym> code. See also <ulink url="http://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.php">PHP functions</ulink>.</para></sect2> -<sect2 id="PHP-switches"><title>SwitchesA switch in PHP allows us to to take certain actions depending on the value of a certain variable, as in the following example, where we check the value of the $pa variable:SwitchesA switch in PHP allows us to take certain actions depending on the value of a certain variable, as in the following example, where we check the value of the $pa variable: -You should also be able to see a route to the the remote host (and +You should also be able to see a route to the remote host (and beyond). To do this, issue the command diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Pager.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Pager.sgml index 625ba00d..586ab62d 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Pager.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Pager.sgml @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Here are a few notes about the settings in the sendpage.h file, which you will n #define POSIX_OPEN -For the modem definition, I recommend using:#define MODEM_DEV "/dev/modem" or "/dev/cua0" [com 1] or "/dev/cua1" [com 2]. In new Kernel version it is better to use "/dev/ttyS0" or /dev/ttyS1" etc.... If you have new version then use use the later one else you use the previous one. +For the modem definition, I recommend using:#define MODEM_DEV "/dev/modem" or "/dev/cua0" [com 1] or "/dev/cua1" [com 2]. In new Kernel version it is better to use "/dev/ttyS0" or /dev/ttyS1" etc.... If you have new version then use the later one else you use the previous one. For the modem init, I use the simple string and rely on NVRAM settings instead:#define MODEM_INIT ATEVXH. I use RTS/CTS flow control:#define C_FLAG CTRSCTS|HUPCL. and DTR toggle#define TOGGLE_DTR diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Partition.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Partition.xml index 8f1c5f9a..79918b3e 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Partition.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Partition.xml @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ Conventional wisdom creates swap space equal to the amount of RAM. is being modified at a time. These programs have - if they are designed properly - a very high locality of reference and large parts of them can be kept swapped out without too severe performance - impact. A user who never never quits programs once launched would + impact. A user who never quits programs once launched would want a lot of swap space for the same reason. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO.sgml index a03f0e09..6da838f2 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO.sgml @@ -2572,7 +2572,7 @@ chown root /etc/amavisd.conf chmod 644 /etc/amavisd.conf -Now it is the the time to define a group and a user for amavisd-new +Now it is the time to define a group and a user for amavisd-new groupadd amavis @@ -2591,7 +2591,7 @@ chown amavis:amavis /var/amavis chmod 750 /var/amavis -The original init script in the amavisd-new distribution does only work work with Redhat. Other distributions need to install my quick and dirty init-script: +The original init script in the amavisd-new distribution does only work with Redhat. Other distributions need to install my quick and dirty init-script: #!/bin/bash diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Printing-HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Printing-HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO.xml index 1eb8cbe7..9c301906 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Printing-HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Printing-HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO.xml @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ network printing. implementation of the basic LPD design than the regular one; if you must use LPD, consider using LPRng instead. There is far less voodoo involved in making it do what you want, and what voodoo -there is is well documented. LPRng is essentially an enhanced LPD implementation with better security and extra features. +there is well documented. LPRng is essentially an enhanced LPD implementation with better security and extra features. There are a large number of LPD sources floating around in the world. Arguably, some strain of BSD Unix is probably the official diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Program-Library-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Program-Library-HOWTO.sgml index 94c74e8b..e8b5b751 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Program-Library-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Program-Library-HOWTO.sgml @@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ Troll Tech's Technical FAQ: add reimplementations of virtual functions -(unless it it safe for older binaries to call the original implementation), +(unless it is safe for older binaries to call the original implementation), because the compiler evaluates SuperClass::virtualFunction() calls at compile-time (not link-time). diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/RPM-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/RPM-HOWTO.sgml index ac05df88..8eac5e90 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/RPM-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/RPM-HOWTO.sgml @@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ User Interface/X Hardware Support Test Building - The first thing you'll probably want to to is get the source to build + The first thing you'll probably want to do is get the source to build cleanly without using RPM. To do this, unpack the sources, and change the directory name to $NAME.orig. Then unpack the source again. Use this source to build from. Go into the source directory and follow diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Reliance-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Reliance-HOWTO.xml index afb25a6d..28945bb9 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Reliance-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Reliance-HOWTO.xml @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pretty confident that this trick will work on other Linux distributions as well. The cable provided by Reliance or TATA is very expensive (about 1400 rupees) and the software provided supports only MS Windows.The cable typically has a USB interface on one end and an RJ-45 interface on the - other. However, for these phones phones a cheaper cable is available + other. However, for these phones a cheaper cable is available on the market (only 100 rupees). This cable has a serial interface on one end and an RJ-45 on the other. You can make this cable yourself. The procedure is discussed later in this HOWTO. Why waste money when diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml index 6dac96f6..ae184623 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml @@ -2576,7 +2576,7 @@ port ttyS0 mingetty is designed to be a minimal getty for the virtual terminals - on the the workstation's monitor and keyboard. It has no support + on the workstation's monitor and keyboard. It has no support for serial lines. You must not use mingetty for the @@ -7112,7 +7112,7 @@ line vty 0 4 There is a port of Linux to the Cisco 2500 series of - routers. At the time of writing it did did not support the + routers. At the time of writing it did not support the asycnhronous ports on the Cisco 2511. The attractiveness of running Linux instead of running Cisco's This HOWTO describes the SCSI Generic driver (sg) found in the Linux 2.4 production series of kernels. - It focuses on the the interface and characteristics of the driver + It focuses on the interface and characteristics of the driver that application writers may need to know. The driver's theory of operations is covered and some brief examples are included. @@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ to the next page size multiple. Mmap-ed IO is requested by setting (or or-ing in) the SG_FLAG_MMAP_IO -constant into the flag member of the the sg_io_hdr structure prior to +constant into the flag member of the sg_io_hdr structure prior to a call to write() or ioctl(SG_IO). The logic to do mmap-ed IO _assumes_ that an appropriate mmap() call has been made by the application. In other words it does not check. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/SRM-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/SRM-HOWTO.sgml index 87de27bd..47c84a76 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/SRM-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/SRM-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ which tells the dhcp server to allow the bootp protocol.. allow booting; which tells the dhcp server to allow the transfer of the file specified -either in the the "filename" directive or passed in the "-file" flag in SRM. +either in the "filename" directive or passed in the "-file" flag in SRM. filename "/tftpboot/vmlinux.bootp"; @@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ Copy bootpfile to the bootp server's directory. With a default setup the tftp se -Build aboot with with the command make netboot. +Build aboot with the command make netboot. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Scanner-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Scanner-HOWTO.sgml index 44a7c0b6..92cd2904 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Scanner-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Scanner-HOWTO.sgml @@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ nodev usbfs You may need to mount usbdevfs to enable it and see the device files, which you can do at the command line with mount -t usbdevfs none /proc/bus/usb. -Don't try to use libusb while kernel scanner support is enabled either statically or the module loaded; you can only use one at at time. +Don't try to use libusb while kernel scanner support is enabled either statically or the module loaded; you can only use one at a time. You can obtain the libusb package in .rpm, .tgz or .deb format from your Linux distribution. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Scripting-GUI-TclTk.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Scripting-GUI-TclTk.xml index 8136d7e8..4c30af5a 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Scripting-GUI-TclTk.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Scripting-GUI-TclTk.xml @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ proc put_text {} { screen -First, let's have a look at the screen procedure. The radiobutton command works just like html radiobuttons. The -variable parameter accepts the name of the variable as an argument. The -value parameter accepts the variable's value as an argument. The button, .top.submit uses the -command parameter to to call the init procedure defined later in the script. These buttons are then packed into the top frame and a second frame called bottom is created. +First, let's have a look at the screen procedure. The radiobutton command works just like html radiobuttons. The -variable parameter accepts the name of the variable as an argument. The -value parameter accepts the variable's value as an argument. The button, .top.submit uses the -command parameter to call the init procedure defined later in the script. These buttons are then packed into the top frame and a second frame called bottom is created. The bottom frame is composed of a text widget and a scrollbar. Text widgets are created with the text command which takes a variety of options. In this case, we have used the -relief option which specifies the 3D effect for the field (other values for -relief include raised, flat, ridge, solid, groove); -bd option, which specifies borderwidth; and the yscrollcommand which specifies the name of a scrollbar that will be engaged by the textfield. Our scrollbar widget takes one option, -command which specifies how to behave when text scrolls beyond the screen of the text widget that it is interacting with. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Secure-Programs-HOWTO/Secure-Programs-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Secure-Programs-HOWTO/Secure-Programs-HOWTO.sgml index cbf304b9..1d4355ee 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Secure-Programs-HOWTO/Secure-Programs-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Secure-Programs-HOWTO/Secure-Programs-HOWTO.sgml @@ -3528,7 +3528,7 @@ into many virtual machines (in a sense, a ``super-chroot''); its most popular use has been to provide virtual machine services for Internet Service Provider environments. Inside a jail, all processes (even those owned by root) -have the the scope of their requests limited to the jail. +have the scope of their requests limited to the jail. When a FreeBSD system is booted up after a fresh install, no processes will be in jail. When a process is placed in a jail, it, and any descendants of @@ -4256,7 +4256,7 @@ for more information about this. -When accepting cookie values, make sure to check the the domain value +When accepting cookie values, make sure to check the domain value for any cookie you're using is the expected one. Otherwise, a (possibly cracked) related site might be able to insert spoofed cookies. @@ -6927,7 +6927,7 @@ The field width only specifies a minimum length and is completely worthless for preventing buffer overflows. In contrast, the precision specification specifies the maximum -length that that particular string may have in its output when +length that the particular string may have in its output when used as a string conversion specifier - and thus it can be used to protect against buffer overflows. Note that the precision specification only specifies the total maximum @@ -7212,7 +7212,7 @@ This is a dynamic approach, as the storage grows as necessary. However, it's important to note that if that class's data is turned into a ``char *'' (e.g., by using data() or c_str()), the possibilities of buffer overflow resurface, so you need to be careful -when when using such methods. +when using such methods. Note that c_str() always returns a NIL-terminated string, but data() may or may not (it's implementation dependent, and most implementations do not include the NIL terminator). @@ -8217,7 +8217,7 @@ The chroot jail has to be set up to be secure - it must never be controlled by a user and every file added must be carefully examined. Don't use a normal user's home directory, subdirectory, or other directory that can ever be controlled by a user as a chroot jail; -use a separate directory directory specially set aside +use a separate directory specially set aside for the purpose. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Security-Quickstart-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Security-Quickstart-HOWTO.sgml index d473d802..0ac3ecc8 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Security-Quickstart-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Security-Quickstart-HOWTO.sgml @@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ port count - You can get a copy of the GNU GPL at at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. @@ -1998,7 +1998,7 @@ You can get a quick list of enabled services: Most IRC servers require it. Many mail servers use it, but don't really require it. Try your mail setup without it. If identd is going to be a problem, it will - be because there is a time out before before the server starts sending or + be because there is a time out before the server starts sending or receiving mail. So mail should work fine without it, but may be slower. A few ftp servers may require it. Most don't though. @@ -6263,7 +6263,7 @@ Active Internet connections (servers and established) BIND use an unprivileged port for some types of traffic. In this case, this is BIND 9.x. So no real alarms here either. The unprivileged port here is the one - named uses to to talk to other nameservers for name + named uses to talk to other nameservers for name and address lookups, and should not be firewalled. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Software-Proj-Mgmt-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Software-Proj-Mgmt-HOWTO.sgml index b1a0b37a..95ea659d 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Software-Proj-Mgmt-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Software-Proj-Mgmt-HOWTO.sgml @@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ Source Definition. Examples of free licenses given by the DFSG are the GPL, the BSD, and the Artistic License. As ESR mentions - in his his HOWTO, don't write your own + in his HOWTO, don't write your own license if at all possible. The three licenses I mention all have long interpretive traditions. They are also definitely free software (and can therefore be distributed as part of Debian and @@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ pages for more information and options. Unless your software is particular to a non-English language (a Japanese language editor for example), please distribute it with English language documentation. If you don't - speak English or not not confident in your skills, ask a friend + speak English or not confident in your skills, ask a friend for help. Like it or not, fair or unfair, English is the language of free software. However, this does not mean you should limit your documentation to only English. If you @@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ pages for more information and options. possible. Remember: While these binaries packages are nice, getting the source packaged and released should always be your priority. Your users or fellow developers can and will do - the the binary packages for you. + the binary packages for you. @@ -1794,7 +1794,7 @@ pages for more information and options. The answers to these questions are never straightforward and its very possible (and even likely) that the person who submitted the patch may feel differently about the answer to these questions - than you do. However, if you feel that that the answer to either + than you do. However, if you feel that the answer to either of those questions is no, it is your responsibility to reject the change. If you fail to do this, the project will become unwieldy and unmaintainable and many ultimately fail. @@ -2877,7 +2877,7 @@ pages for more information and options. Although I have to honestly say that I am not the ESR fan that I used to be, this book proved invaluable in getting me where I am today. The essay that gives the book its title does a good - job of sketching the free software process and does an an + job of sketching the free software process and does an amazing job of making an argument for free software/open source development as a road to better software. The rest of the book has other of ESR's articles, which for the most part are posted @@ -2943,7 +2943,7 @@ pages for more information and options. this HOWTO and I was very impressed. It's written by a graduate student in management and I think it succeeds at evaluating the Linux project as an example of a new paradigm in management--one - that you will be be placing yourself at the + that you will be placing yourself at the center of in your capacity as maintainer of a free software project. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Software-Release-Practice-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Software-Release-Practice-HOWTO.xml index c03f2736..91f8a174 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Software-Release-Practice-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Software-Release-Practice-HOWTO.xml @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ name. So try to check for collisions before your first release. Google is your friend — and if the stem you're thinking about gets lots of Google hits, that in itself may be sufficient reason to think up a different one. Another good place to check is -the application indexes at at Freecode and Freecode and SourceForge; do a name search there. @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ of interest across the entire collection. man pages -The most most common format, inherited from Unix, a primitive form of +The most common format, inherited from Unix, a primitive form of presentation markup. man diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Spam-Filtering-for-MX/chapter-techniques.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Spam-Filtering-for-MX/chapter-techniques.xml index 99ee0f6b..6c453ce4 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Spam-Filtering-for-MX/chapter-techniques.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Spam-Filtering-for-MX/chapter-techniques.xml @@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ - If you are unsure whether your MTA acts as an an , you can test it via relay-test.mail-abuse.org. At a shell prompt on your server, type: diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Spam-Filtering-for-MX/impl-exim.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Spam-Filtering-for-MX/impl-exim.xml index 21f4a1df..a2126a28 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Spam-Filtering-for-MX/impl-exim.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Spam-Filtering-for-MX/impl-exim.xml @@ -2511,7 +2511,7 @@ system_aliases: system aliases, other aliases were merely shadowing existing system users (such as root, daemon, etc). If you deliver local mail - through the the driver, and use + through the driver, and use to validate the recipient address, you may now find yourself routing mail directly to these system accounts. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Template-Big-HOWTO/Template-Big-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Template-Big-HOWTO/Template-Big-HOWTO.sgml index a22247f0..39103a77 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Template-Big-HOWTO/Template-Big-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Template-Big-HOWTO/Template-Big-HOWTO.sgml @@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ - There is a a new HOWTO out that deals with setting up a DPT RAID + There is a new HOWTO out that deals with setting up a DPT RAID system, check out the DPT RAID HOWTO homepage. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/UPS-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/UPS-HOWTO.xml index 88f75fd1..0fd42b75 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/UPS-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/UPS-HOWTO.xml @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ computer, too. An important fact about surge suppressors is that they need to be replaced if they absorb a large surge. Besides -fuses, most suppressors rely on on components called Metal-Oxide +fuses, most suppressors rely on components called Metal-Oxide Varistors (or MOVs) for spike suppression, which degrade when they take a voltage hit. The problem with cheap suppressors is that they don't tell you when the MOV is cooked, so you can end up with no spike diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Unix-Hardware-Buyer-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Unix-Hardware-Buyer-HOWTO.xml index 24a12725..3d507618 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Unix-Hardware-Buyer-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Unix-Hardware-Buyer-HOWTO.xml @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ helps a lot (assuming your PC or notebook has an eSATA connector). How To Pick Your Processor Right now (early 2010), the chips to consider for running Unix are -the the 64-bit AMD Opteron or its Intel equivalents, especially the Core 2 +the 64-bit AMD Opteron or its Intel equivalents, especially the Core 2 Duo. We're long past the point at which 32-bit chips are interesting for new desktop systems, presuming you could even find one. AMD and Intel built up a buffer before switching their fabs fully to 64-bit chips in 2006, and @@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ one. You can't buy a really bad sound card any more. Even low-end sound cards or the sound chips embedded in a lot of PC motherboards -these days support support all these features: +these days support all these features: 16-bit sampling (for 65536 dynamic levels rather diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO.xml index 339023ba..567fdc83 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO.xml @@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ to sleep, waiting for ls to finish. When /bin/ls is done, it tells the kernel it's finished by issuing an exit system call. The kernel -then wakes up the shell and tells it it can continue running. The shell +then wakes up the shell and tells it that it can continue running. The shell issues another prompt and waits for another line of input. Other things may be going on while your ‘ls’ is diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Usenet-News-HOWTO/perspective.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Usenet-News-HOWTO/perspective.sgml index 71ba29e9..9729046a 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Usenet-News-HOWTO/perspective.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Usenet-News-HOWTO/perspective.sgml @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ of Usenet news. Of these two, we prefer CNews, primarily because we have been using it across a very large range of Unixen for more than one decade, starting from its earliest release --- the so-called ``Shellscript release'' --- and we have yet to see a need to -change.One of us did his first installation with with BNews, +change.One of us did his first installation with BNews, actually, at the IIT Mumbai. Then we rapidly moved from there to CNews Shellscript Release, then CNews Performance Release, CNews Cleanup Release, and our current release has fixed some bugs in the latest diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/VMS-to-Linux-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/VMS-to-Linux-HOWTO.sgml index 12e9beab..77401576 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/VMS-to-Linux-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/VMS-to-Linux-HOWTO.sgml @@ -2489,7 +2489,7 @@ example, the first four characters will be "VOL1" followed by the volume name. In the example, header1 starts with "VOL1C66A2". This is followed by a series of spaces terminated with a numeral. After that is the string "HDR1" which indicates that this is a file header. The characters -immediately following the HDR1 string are the VMS file name. In in the +immediately following the HDR1 string are the VMS file name. In the example, this is "HDR1CE66-2.EVT". The next field is the volume name again. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/VPN-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/VPN-HOWTO.xml index 37c7935b..adfb32d0 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/VPN-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/VPN-HOWTO.xml @@ -1749,7 +1749,7 @@ for the remote offices, we need to do some routing. First of all, we need to tell the main router, or Cisco, that the remote offices are behind the VPN server. So specify routes on the Cisco that tell it to send traffic destined for the remote offices to the VPN server. -Now that that is taken care of, we must tell the VPN server what to do +Now that is taken care of, we must tell the VPN server what to do with the traffic destined for the remote offices. To do this, we run the route command on the server. The only problem is that in order for the route command to work, the link must be up, and if diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/VPN-PPP-SSH-HOWTO/ppp-ssh.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/VPN-PPP-SSH-HOWTO/ppp-ssh.sgml index 25367ea0..38671978 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/VPN-PPP-SSH-HOWTO/ppp-ssh.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/VPN-PPP-SSH-HOWTO/ppp-ssh.sgml @@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ pppd. -The client machine needs to have the the ssh client installed. +The client machine needs to have the ssh client installed. There are many different versions of ssh floating around, but they should all work. I'm using OpenBSD's &openssh; package version 2.2.0p1. @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ You might also want to look at &sudoshomepage;. Planning -To set up a PPP-SSH link, you need to specify the the following parameters: +To set up a PPP-SSH link, you need to specify the following parameters: diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/VideoLAN-HOWTO/VideoLAN-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/VideoLAN-HOWTO/VideoLAN-HOWTO.xml index 880185b0..ba9b04d2 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/VideoLAN-HOWTO/VideoLAN-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/VideoLAN-HOWTO/VideoLAN-HOWTO.xml @@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ The user documentation of VideoLAN is made up of 4 documents : the VideoLAN Quickstart. This -document will give you a quick overview of of VLC, VLC's stream output, +document will give you a quick overview of VLC, VLC's stream output, the Video On Demand solution and the channel information service system. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Vim-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Vim-HOWTO.xml index 563c33eb..a5084ca7 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Vim-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Vim-HOWTO.xml @@ -6538,7 +6538,7 @@ bash$ acroread output.pdf & - Download the cleanup_ld2db.pl perl script from from + Download the cleanup_ld2db.pl perl script from "http://milkyway.has.it" diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Webcam-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Webcam-HOWTO.sgml index 636afd26..f5c8f6d2 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Webcam-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Webcam-HOWTO.sgml @@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ usbdevfs none /proc/bus/usb. Don't try to use libusb while your particular kernel webcam support is enabled either statically or the module loaded; you -can only use one at at time. +can only use one at a time. You can obtain the libusb package in .rpm, .tgz or .deb format from your diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Wireless-Link-sys-WPC11.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Wireless-Link-sys-WPC11.sgml index 20898a36..f1f9d422 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Wireless-Link-sys-WPC11.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Wireless-Link-sys-WPC11.sgml @@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ pcmcia-modules-2.4.19-pre4_3.1.31-7+custom.1.0_i386.deb Now install the modules by typing dpkg -i pcmcia-modules.etc... -There are a couple of assumptions that make-kpkg makes about your lilo.conf file. One is that you have not radically changed it. Make-kpgk will make make symbolics links from '/boot' where the actual kernel resides to 'vmlinuz' which is under '/'. In other words, under '/', you will see vmlinuz and vmlinuz.old which are symbolic links to the real kernel images under /boot/. Anyway if you have any questions ask me. +There are a couple of assumptions that make-kpkg makes about your lilo.conf file. One is that you have not radically changed it. Make-kpgk will make symbolics links from '/boot' where the actual kernel resides to 'vmlinuz' which is under '/'. In other words, under '/', you will see vmlinuz and vmlinuz.old which are symbolic links to the real kernel images under /boot/. Anyway if you have any questions ask me. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree-Local-multi-user-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree-Local-multi-user-HOWTO.xml index 449bc91e..71d72b81 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree-Local-multi-user-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree-Local-multi-user-HOWTO.xml @@ -4739,7 +4739,7 @@ mouse1br usb-00:10.1-1.2/input0 # - show config # - check wether curr. configuration matches setup ? # - make it work when hotplug files not installed ? -# ( currently it will just just inform that they are not installed +# ( currently it will just inform that they are not installed # and exit ) # # $Id$ diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree86-Second-Mouse.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree86-Second-Mouse.sgml index 0c6ed3f5..6391e21b 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree86-Second-Mouse.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree86-Second-Mouse.sgml @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ EndSection
Alternatives -Another way to use two (or more) mice at the same time time is to use a program such as MultiMouse by Takashi Manabe. It's a daemon multiplexing several mice and making them available through the special device /dev/mumse as a MouseSystems compatible mouse. +Another way to use two (or more) mice at the same time is to use a program such as MultiMouse by Takashi Manabe. It's a daemon multiplexing several mice and making them available through the special device /dev/mumse as a MouseSystems compatible mouse. According to the author: This program allows you to use multiple mice at the same time. This program is developed for a subnote user who want to use both a pre-mounted pointing device and a external serial mouse.I'm not sure if the program supports second mouse other than serial, but the advantage is that the second mouse works in console mode too. MultiMouse can be found at Sunsite (sunsite.unc.edu /pub/Linux/system/Misc) and Tucows (www.tucows.com Linux Console -> Utilities).
diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.xml index 00a147cf..f4d68ced 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO.xml @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ here. In X.org (and for 4.0.0 and later versions of the now-obsolete XFree86) you no longer have to generate modelines at all under most circumstances. Instead they are computed internally by the server at -startup time, based on the resolution you specify in the the monitor +startup time, based on the resolution you specify in the monitor capabilities your X server gets via an EDID query to the monitor (and the Modes part of the Screen section part of your X configuration file, if you have one). @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ installation; it may be that most of the factory mode lines are OK and you just happened to default to one that doesn't fit your hardware. Instead, cycle through all your installed modes with CTRL-ALT-KP+. If some of the modes look OK, try -commenting out all but a 640x480 and check that that mode works. If it +commenting out all but a 640x480 and check that the mode works. If it does then uncomment a couple of other modes, e.g. an 800x600 and a 1024x768 at a frequency that your monitor should be able to handle. @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ only every second line is swept during one half-frame and the others are filled in during a second half-frame. Starting the beams at the top left of the display is called the -beginning of a frame. The frame ends when the beams reach the the top +beginning of a frame. The frame ends when the beams reach the top left corner again as they come from the bottom right corner of the display. A frame is made up of all of the lines the beams traced from the top of the display to the bottom. @@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ constrains the sharpness of intensity and color changes on the screen. A high bandwidth means smaller visible details. Your monitor uses electronic signals to present an image to your -eyes. Such signals always come in in wave form once they are +eyes. Such signals always come in wave form once they are converted into analog form from digitized form. They can be considered as combinations of many simpler wave forms each one of which has a fixed frequency, many of them are in the Mhz range, eg, @@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ VFL, multiply that by 1.05 to get 740 ticks. The 4:3 is not technically magic; nothing prevents you from using a different ratio if that will get the best use out of your screen real estate. It does make figuring frame height and frame width from the -diagonal size convenient, you just multiply the diagonal by by 0.8 to +diagonal size convenient, you just multiply the diagonal by 0.8 to get width and 0.6 to get height. So, HFL=1176 and VFL=740. Dividing 65MHz by the product of the two gives diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/XWindow-User-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/XWindow-User-HOWTO.xml index e0e324ed..7d150543 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/XWindow-User-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/XWindow-User-HOWTO.xml @@ -4568,7 +4568,7 @@ url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Remote-X-Apps.html" pretty much anything except the so-called root window. Even windows which do not appear to have frames, titles, or normal borders of any kind are being managed by your window manger. The active window is - the window you are currently using. This window will will respond to the + the window you are currently using. This window will respond to the keyboard when you type, and is traditionally denoted by the fact that your mouse cursor is pointing at it, though this is not always the case. The active window is said to have focus. Most Window Managers diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Xinerama-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Xinerama-HOWTO.sgml index c0bf9c4f..5594e7a2 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Xinerama-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Xinerama-HOWTO.sgml @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before major instal root# > cp /etc/X11/XF86Config /etc/X11/XFree86Config.working Note: If your system may have two sets of config files XF86Config and XF86Config-4. You can either work with the XF86Config-4 files, or rename XF86Config-4 to somthing else and work with the XF86Config file. I will assume that you are working with the XF86Config file from here out. If you are working with XF86Config-4 or if your XF86Config file is located somewhere other than /etc/X11 you will need to adjust the commands accordingly. -The newer versions of X support automatic config file generation and it works very well. If this works for you you should be able to skip the next couple steps. +The newer versions of X support automatic config file generation and it works very well. If this works for you then you should be able to skip the next couple steps. Put all of your video cards into your system and set up your monitors. Set everything up the way you want it when you are done, as you will have to repeat steps later if you change things. This next step needs to be done from the console with-out X running. If you are in X, exit now. If your system uses a display manager such as xdm or gdm exit you need to stop that service. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Xterminals.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Xterminals.sgml index a22172cc..5e7ee40d 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Xterminals.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Xterminals.sgml @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Our environment consists of 25 diskless workstations with 15 workstations using Software -In order to use Linux as a host for a network of thin client workstations, you will want to get the latest release of the the XFree86 X Windows System, FVWM2, and nfs-utils. Assuming that you are using an RPM-based distribution, you will want the following packages: Xfree86-font-utils, Xfree86-libs, Xfree86-devel, Xfree86, Xfree86-truetype-font, Xfree86-xdm, Xfree86-base-fonts, nfs-utils, fvwm2, fvwm2-icons. To verify installed packages on an rpm-based distribution such as Redhat, you can use "rpm-qa | grep (packagename)". To install or update those packages simply download them from their maintainer or from your installation media with and "rpm -Uvh (packagename)". Alternately, you can use a graphical front end to rpm such as gnoRPM to maintain the required packages are installed on your system. For debian-based systems, or for Gentoo, please consult your system documentation on apt-get and portage, respectively. +In order to use Linux as a host for a network of thin client workstations, you will want to get the latest release of the XFree86 X Windows System, FVWM2, and nfs-utils. Assuming that you are using an RPM-based distribution, you will want the following packages: Xfree86-font-utils, Xfree86-libs, Xfree86-devel, Xfree86, Xfree86-truetype-font, Xfree86-xdm, Xfree86-base-fonts, nfs-utils, fvwm2, fvwm2-icons. To verify installed packages on an rpm-based distribution such as Redhat, you can use "rpm-qa | grep (packagename)". To install or update those packages simply download them from their maintainer or from your installation media with and "rpm -Uvh (packagename)". Alternately, you can use a graphical front end to rpm such as gnoRPM to maintain the required packages are installed on your system. For debian-based systems, or for Gentoo, please consult your system documentation on apt-get and portage, respectively. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/i810-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/i810-HOWTO.sgml index 35bbdf34..f118e16e 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/i810-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/i810-HOWTO.sgml @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ for pointing out a few problems which I have in part addressed, and will fully address in due course. Curtis Stone pointed out to me that the features I thought only available in the 2.4.x kernel were present in 2.2.18. Thanks to him too. I am now also endebted to Cameron Kerr for pointing out that the 2.4.x -kernel must not be unpacked in /usr/src/linux. I had had no success with the +kernel must not be unpacked in /usr/src/linux. I had no success with the 2.4.x until this was pointed out to me, but would have been OK had I read the accompanying README, ie followed my own instructions. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/openMosix-HOWTO/autodiscovery.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/openMosix-HOWTO/autodiscovery.sgml index ab581ecb..645a31da 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/openMosix-HOWTO/autodiscovery.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/openMosix-HOWTO/autodiscovery.sgml @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ One of the first lines will be You will need to put this in comment. -If you want to have some more logging available to you you should +If you want to have some more logging available to you, you should edit main.c to show log_set_debug(DEBUG_TRACE_ALL); (somewhere around line 84) diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/3D-Modelling.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/3D-Modelling.sgml index 9579bde9..228112f5 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/3D-Modelling.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/3D-Modelling.sgml @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ the construction workers. Once you have the blueprints and materials ready to go, you need something to actually build the house so it appears how it was designed. The graphics renderer is given information (i.e., the blueprints in the form of a RenderMan-compatible file, or -equivalent) from the the modeller to produce the final result. +equivalent) from the modeller to produce the final result.

diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Antares-RAID-sparcLinux-HOWTO/Antares-RAID-sparcLinux-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Antares-RAID-sparcLinux-HOWTO/Antares-RAID-sparcLinux-HOWTO.sgml index 2b091b4a..a97d4850 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Antares-RAID-sparcLinux-HOWTO/Antares-RAID-sparcLinux-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Antares-RAID-sparcLinux-HOWTO/Antares-RAID-sparcLinux-HOWTO.sgml @@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ Choosing the brand and capacity of the drives that will form the hard drive Before diving into the RAID configuration I need to define a few terms. -&dquot;RaidRunner&dquot; is the name given to the the 5070 controller board. +&dquot;RaidRunner&dquot; is the name given to the 5070 controller board. &dquot;Husky&dquot; is the name given to the shell which produces the &dquot;:raid;&dquot; command prompt. It is a command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file. Husky is a scaled down model of @@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ Q <Figure 12: The RaidSets screen of the GUI showing the newly configured RAID 5> -Press Q to exit the RaidSet screen and return to the the Main screen +Press Q to exit the RaidSet screen and return to the Main screen Press Q to [Q]uit agui and exit to the husky prompt. type &dquot;reboot&dquot; then press enter. This will reboot the RaidRunner (not the host machine.) @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ This is the easiest way to install the RAID since the RedHat installer IMPORTANT NOTE: you may see a small SCSI drive ( usually ˜128 MB) on the list of available drives. DO NOT select this drive for use. It is the SMON communication channel NOT a drive. If setup - tries to use it it will hang the installer. + tries to use it the installer will hang. Thats it, the installation program takes care of everything else !! Maintenance @@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@ After you have replaced the bad drive you must re-integrate it into the Where <name> is whatever you named the raid set and <backend> is the ID of the backend that is being re-integrated into the RAID. If a spare was in use it will be automatically returned to the spares pool. Be patient, - reconstruction can take a few minutes minutes to several hours depending on + reconstruction can take a few minutes to several hours depending on the RAID level and the size. Fortunately, you can use the RAID as you normally would during this process. @@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ This device reconstruction will take anywhere from 10 minutes to one and During device reconstruction, pairs of numbers will be printed indicating each 10% of data reconstructed. The pairs of numbers are separated by a slash character, the first number being the number of blocks reconstructed - so far and the second being the number number of blocks to be reconstructed. + so far and the second being the number of blocks to be reconstructed. Further status about the rebuild can be gained from running rebuild. @@ -2207,7 +2207,7 @@ echo $k and bind_point/ctl are the data and control channels for the fifo. Data written to the bind_point/data file is available for reading from the same file in a first-in first-out basis. A write of x bytes to the bind_point/data file - will either complete and and transfer all the data, or will transfer sufficient + will either complete and transfer all the data, or will transfer sufficient bytes until the fifo buffer is full then block until data is removed from the fifo buffer by reading. A read of x bytes from the bind_point/data file will transfer the lessor of the current amount of data in the fifo buffer or x bytes. @@ -3400,7 +3400,7 @@ mstargd performs its monitoring 3, LOGICAL UNIT HAS NOT SELF-CONFIGURED YET, 0x3e, 0x00 4, LOGICAL UNIT HAS FAILED SELF-CONFIGURATION, 0x4c, 0x00 stargd's spin state is used to describe the condition of the tar­ get - whilst is is NOT READY. When stargd is not ready to accept SCSI-2 medium + whilst it is NOT READY. When stargd is not ready to accept SCSI-2 medium access commands it returns a CHECK CONDITION status to all medium access commands, sets the mode sense key to NOT READY and the additional mode sense code and code qualifier to values depending in the spin state value. @@ -3428,7 +3428,7 @@ mstargd performs its monitoring pid: This is the process identifier of the K9 process whose run-queue priority is to change. -priority: This the the priority to set. Priorities range from 0 (lowest) +priority: This is the priority to set. Priorities range from 0 (lowest) to 9 (highest). SEE ALSO: K9setpriority @@ -5369,7 +5369,7 @@ This device reconstruction will take anywhere from 10 minutes to one and amount of activity the host is generating. During device reconstruction, pairs of numbers will be printed indicating each 10% of data reconstructed. The pairs of numbers are separated by a slash character, the first number being - the number of blocks reconstructed so far and the second being the number number + the number of blocks reconstructed so far and the second being the number of blocks to be reconstructed. Further status about the rebuild can be gained from running rebuild. Checks are made to ensure that the raid set is running, the spare works, and that there is no failure of the spare during reconstruction. @@ -5405,7 +5405,7 @@ This device reconstruction will take anywhere from 10 minutes to one and device reconstruction, pairs of numbers will be printed indicating each 10% of data reconstructed. The pairs of numbers are separated by a slash character, the first number being the number of blocks reconstructed so far and the second - being the number number of blocks to be reconstructed. Further status about + being the number of blocks to be reconstructed. Further status about the rebuild can be gained from running rebuild. Checks are made to ensure that the raid set is running, the backend works, and that there is no failure of the backend during reconstruction. @@ -6024,7 +6024,7 @@ The following two examples show the transfer of the raid binary and the a serial number. A serial number may only be set once, there after any attempt to set another one will be ignored and the current serial number printed. If the serial number has to be re-set then the flashram needs to be reblown - as if it were brand new. Note that when setting the the serial number for + as if it were brand new. Note that when setting the serial number for the first time, the exact format of the command is very important. There will be exactly one space after the the command 'Sno', after which the next 12 printable characters are taken as the serial number. If there are less @@ -6925,7 +6925,7 @@ ranklist a comma separated list of rank id's (scsi id's) for which the read the host operating system will allow. In this case, the host operating system will break the application's read up into smaller reads. stargd can trigger on a certain discontinuous read (by specifying a size in blocks - nread) - and will prefetch prefetch the rest of the application read (nrlen). For + and will prefetch the rest of the application read (nrlen). For example, if an application performs a read of 304 blocks on a host operating system which has a maximum read size of 128 blocks, then you could set the -nr arguments nread:nrlen to 128:304 which will cause stargd to, when it sees diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Backup-With-MSDOS.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Backup-With-MSDOS.sgml index dde8ed9a..00c59496 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Backup-With-MSDOS.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Backup-With-MSDOS.sgml @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ so I've recommended that. I think this setup is secure. Note that somebody can still get access to all your files if they go to the tape drive and pull the tape out before you get there, -then then read the tape themselves. +then read the tape themselves. People with very sensitive data might consider encrypting the stream from the archiver. Archive to standard output and pipe the output to the encrypter, diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Boot+Root+Raid+LILO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Boot+Root+Raid+LILO.sgml index 21304c67..468b47d2 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Boot+Root+Raid+LILO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Boot+Root+Raid+LILO.sgml @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ up until you successfully complete this step. Success in the previous step means that the raid array is now operational, but without redundancy. We must now re-partition the old drive(s) to fit into the new raid array. Remember that if the geometries are not the same, -the the partition size on the old drive must be the same or larger than the +the partition size on the old drive must be the same or larger than the raid partitions or they can not be added to the raid set.

Re-partition the old drive as required. Example: diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/C++Programming-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/C++Programming-HOWTO.sgml index a1397e1d..5c9892e7 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/C++Programming-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/C++Programming-HOWTO.sgml @@ -2631,7 +2631,7 @@ set > s4; (Note that the space between the two final >'s in the template is required - otherwise the compiler will interpret >> as the right shift operator.) In each of these cases the function -object makes use of the operator < as defined for the the underlying type (that is +object makes use of the operator < as defined for the underlying type (that is int, double, char and string). The following code declares a set of integers, then adds some integers to diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Coffee.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Coffee.sgml index af569ed0..4f2bb00e 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Coffee.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Coffee.sgml @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ Coffee-machines on-line. Unfortunately, there are no benchmark tests. This coffee-machine offers only cappuccino. It has to be upgraded! -Hot coffee from the the The Netherlands. +Hot coffee from The Netherlands. The Trojan Room Coffee Machine diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Commercial-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Commercial-HOWTO.sgml index 10b64830..e4ea702a 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Commercial-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Commercial-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1588,7 +1588,7 @@ a JDBC/ODBC bridge available. conditional apology for sending the message to the wrong person if the person receiving it is the wrong person. The next sentence should request that the message be forwarded to the -right person and that that person's email address be sent back to +right person and that the person's email address be sent back to you for future contacts. This has a few effects. The apology establishes that you're not a know-it-all and that you are polite. The request reinforces the politeness and quietly lets diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/DOSEMU-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/DOSEMU-HOWTO.sgml index e265bb66..c2f8b432 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/DOSEMU-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/DOSEMU-HOWTO.sgml @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ To boot dosemu with LILO and Stacker 4.0 I did a little work around… disk {partition "/dev/hda? ?"} -7. Start dosemu and and voila! No LILO. +7. Start dosemu and voila! No LILO. For recent versions of dosemu you need to change the @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ window. If this does not work, make sure: 1. Dosemu has X support compiled in. This is default, however - if you you have compiled dosemu with "x off" in the + if you have compiled dosemu with "x off" in the compiletime-settings file you don't have X support. So changing "x off" to "x on" in the compiletime-settings file, followed by "make pristine; make; make install" should build diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/DPT-Hardware-RAID-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/DPT-Hardware-RAID-HOWTO.sgml index 860b57ef..4cdd8984 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/DPT-Hardware-RAID-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/DPT-Hardware-RAID-HOWTO.sgml @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ SCSI device sdc: hdwr sector= 256 bytes. Sectors= 4160 [1 MB] [0.0 GB] (The above display is for a setup with two SCSI controllers, DPT -PM3224W and and Adaptec AHA2940.)

+PM3224W and Adaptec AHA2940.)

diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Diald-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Diald-HOWTO.sgml index c38c7f41..12d8c552 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Diald-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Diald-HOWTO.sgml @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ two-way # more information reroute -# Diald will set up the default route the the SLIP interface used as proxy +# Diald will set up the default route to the SLIP interface used as proxy defaultroute # Script to set up personalized routes diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Ethernet-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Ethernet-HOWTO.sgml index 493e18af..72da46f8 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Ethernet-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Ethernet-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1781,7 +1781,7 @@ SA PROM 0x10: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff packets, and thus can handle larger bursts of back-to-back packets without dropping packets. This in turn means that the card does not require as low - a latency from the the host computer with respect to pulling + a latency from the host computer with respect to pulling the packets out of the buffer to avoid dropping packets. Most 8 bit cards have an 8kB buffer, and most 16 bit cards have @@ -2096,7 +2096,7 @@ SA PROM 0x10: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff media setting, so you Status: Supported, Driver Name: de620 - Similar to the the DE-600, only with two output formats. + Similar to the DE-600, only with two output formats. See the above information on the DE-600. DE-650 the main interface has been set up. @@ -3703,7 +3703,7 @@ value disables this feature. for fields 2 and 3. If you use hostnames then those hosts must be resolvable, that is, your machine must be able to locate an ip address for those hostnames, otherwise the script will fail when it is called. You can test this by -trying trying to telnet to the hostname, if you get the +trying to telnet to the hostname, if you get the ` One important thing is eth0 setup. The workstation comes up with eth0 set up, at least partially. Setting the -IP address of the workstation to the the IP address of the server +IP address of the workstation to the IP address of the server is not considered a clever thing to do. (As it happened to the original author on one of his early attempts.) diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Networking-Overview-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Networking-Overview-HOWTO.sgml index 0a70efa9..7246b5fb 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Networking-Overview-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Networking-Overview-HOWTO.sgml @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ There are many MLM (Mail List Management) programs available for Unix in general

One userful mail-related utility is fetchmail. Fetchmail is a free, full-featured, robust, well-documented remote-mail retrieval and forwarding utility intended to be used over on-demand TCP/IP links (such as SLIP or PPP connections). It supports every remote-mail protocol now in use on the Internet. It can even support IPv6 and IPSEC.

-Fetchmail retrieves mail from remote mail servers and forwards it via SMTP, so it can then be be read by normal mail user agents such as mutt, elm or BSD Mail. It allows all the system MTA's filtering, forwarding, and aliasing facilities to work just as they would on normal mail. +Fetchmail retrieves mail from remote mail servers and forwards it via SMTP, so it can then be read by normal mail user agents such as mutt, elm or BSD Mail. It allows all the system MTA's filtering, forwarding, and aliasing facilities to work just as they would on normal mail.

Fetchmail can be used as a POP/IMAP-to-SMTP gateway for an entire DNS domain, collecting mail from a single drop box on an ISP and SMTP-forwarding it based on header addresses.

diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Optical-Disk-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Optical-Disk-HOWTO.sgml index eae28ed8..34a1e448 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Optical-Disk-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Optical-Disk-HOWTO.sgml @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ SCSI interface. Drives used: several, no problems encountered (Olympus, Epson, currently Mitsubishi MK230LK3). Drives may have strange jumper setting like "Mac Mode" or such - naturally, disable. -If you decide to get a drive, pay attention the the +If you decide to get a drive, pay attention to the cache size - It can speed things up enormously, still speed will be soso compared to hard disks, of course. @@ -1567,7 +1567,7 @@ Alexander Voropay

I have no experience with optical jukeboxes with Linux!!!! I have had experiences with Optical jukeboxes under HP-UX. In this -setup the the jukebox had a SCSI address of it's own. Each slot in +setup the jukebox had a SCSI address of it's own. Each slot in the jukebox had an associated LUN number. A device name was assigned for each disk slot A side and B side. The mount command was run against the appropriate device name. I had a jukebox with just one drive and @@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@ I tried Jeff's suggestion. Here are the steps I performed; Modify my kernel using "make xconfig" in the /usr/src/linux directory and installed it. Change the mode jumper on the PD drive to non-DOS mode. I soldered -a switch across the mode jumper connections and routed it the the +a switch across the mode jumper connections and routed it to the back panel. I figured out which switch position was the open position and labeled this one for DOS. The other position is of course Linux. So before I boot my system I decide which OS I'll be using and set the diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/PCMCIA-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/PCMCIA-HOWTO.sgml index e92a3f7e..b1f2db21 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/PCMCIA-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/PCMCIA-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1745,7 +1745,7 @@ trying to ping other systems on the same subnet using their IP addresses. Then try to ping your gateway, and then machines on other subnets. Ping machines by name only after trying these simpler tests. -Make sure your problem is really a PCMCIA one. It may help to see see +Make sure your problem is really a PCMCIA one. It may help to see if the card works under DOS with the vendor's drivers. Double check your modifications to the /etc/pcmcia/network.opts script. Make sure your drop cable, ``T'' jack, terminator, etc are working. diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Parallel-Processing-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Parallel-Processing-HOWTO.sgml index 433716fc..34aa6fba 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Parallel-Processing-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Parallel-Processing-HOWTO.sgml @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ has begun. Bandwidth for serial connections is often measured in correspond to 1/10 to 1/8 that many Bytes/second (B/s). For example, a 1,200 baud modem transfers about 120 B/s, whereas a 155 Mb/s ATM network connection is nearly 130,000 times faster, -transferring about about 17 MB/s. High bandwidth allows large blocks +transferring about 17 MB/s. High bandwidth allows large blocks of data to be transferred efficiently between processors. Communication Latency: diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.sgml index e683fbb9..4aa14385 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.sgml @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ everything. How should you answer this question to your BIOS? If you have at at least the 2.4 kernel you could answer it either way and Linux will -usually work fine. Even if you have have Windows 2000 or XP on the +usually work fine. Even if you have Windows 2000 or XP on the same PC, it will usually work OK either way. This is because both Windows and Linux are supposedly PnP OS's and if the OS is PnP it should be able to also handle the case where the BIOS has configured @@ -2106,7 +2106,7 @@ sends such a message must first gain control of the main bus so that it can send the interrupt message. Such a message contains more info than just "I'm sending an interrupt". It contains an index for the address of program that needs to be run to service the IRQ. That -index, such as 3, would mean the the cpu find the address it must jump +index, such as 3, would mean for the cpu to find the address it must jump to in the 3rd element of a special table that the cpu knows about. Since cards must support MSI and many cards don't, it seems that @@ -2405,7 +2405,7 @@ message could say something like "resource busy", and not clearly state that it was an interrupt problem. Real Interrupt Conflict -

Both the BIOS and the the kernel will not knowingly allow any +

Both the BIOS and the kernel will not knowingly allow any interrupt conflict, so how can they happen? One way is if someone has put an incorrect IRQ into a configuration file, such as giving a parameter to a module like: irq=9. In this example, suppose the irq @@ -2456,7 +2456,7 @@ IRQs for legacy ISA devices that are not PnP. These settings may be wrong and should be checked out, especially if you're having problems. For example, someone may have reserved an IRQ for an ISA card that has long since been removed from the PC. If you unreserved this IRQ then -this IRQ is available and and conflict disappears. +this IRQ is available and the conflict disappears. Sometimes the BIOS will solve the problem of an IRQ shortage by using what it calls IRQ 0. There is no such IRQ available since the real @@ -2598,7 +2598,7 @@ is an address conflict you get an error message. communicate with the CPU. The device driver, running on the CPU would read and write data to/from the I/O address space and main memory. Unfortunately, this requires two steps. For example, 1. read data from -a device (in IO address space) and temporarily store in in the CPU; 2. +a device (in IO address space) and temporarily store in the CPU; 2. write this data to main memory. A faster way would be for the device itself to put the data directly into main memory. One way to do this is by using ISA or PCI bus diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Psion-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Psion-HOWTO.sgml index dacb8500..f2410663 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Psion-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Psion-HOWTO.sgml @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ Matt Gumbley originally started converts Psion vcard format from from the EPOC Contacts application to emacs BBDB format. + converts Psion vcard format from the EPOC Contacts application to emacs BBDB format. @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Matt Gumbley originally started converts Psion vcard format from from the EPOC Contacts application GnomeCard vcard format. + converts Psion vcard format from the EPOC Contacts application GnomeCard vcard format. diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Secure-BootCD-VPN-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Secure-BootCD-VPN-HOWTO.sgml index 7654141d..1c065185 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Secure-BootCD-VPN-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Secure-BootCD-VPN-HOWTO.sgml @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Since many people are already familiar with openVPN, this seemed like a good ide key loggers on the external client box attacks directly on the internal Windows(tm) box through the VPN ports that are now open and exposed on the Internet. viruses, spy ware and other malware on the client box infecting the internal workplace desktop (and any others that it has connection with) through the established VPN connection. - having the private key stored on multiple desktops around the organization on unsecured desktops. Someone with access to that key (which would need to be on the internal machine in order to establish the the VPN connection) could allow unauthorized key-making. + having the private key stored on multiple desktops around the organization on unsecured desktops. Someone with access to that key (which would need to be on the internal machine in order to establish the VPN connection) could allow unauthorized key-making. Only the specific external machine that is setup by IT services personnel would be able to connect and use the resources, when what is actually desired is that the authorized user can get access from anywhere. @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ The choice of DSL means that we are relying on DSL's built in ability to automat Maintenance

-Once built there is NO maintenance to the CDs. If you need to change the private key password for the the individual user, burn them a new CD. If they lose a CD, give them a fresh burn. If the CD gets destroyed, give them a new copy. +Once built there is NO maintenance to the CDs. If you need to change the private key password for the individual user, burn them a new CD. If they lose a CD, give them a fresh burn. If the CD gets destroyed, give them a new copy. The openVPN server requires little maintenance. It is recommended that you periodically check the openVPN logs on the server to determine the likelihood of nefarious activity and act accordingly. Usage-tracking is beyond the scope of this document. @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ proto udp # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall -# rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. +# rules for the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Serial-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Serial-HOWTO.sgml index dc3cf724..abca3c6e 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Serial-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Serial-HOWTO.sgml @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ program at the remote computer can't write to it anymore and thus temporarily halts. Thus a stop signal from a text terminal has halted a program on a -remote computer computer. What a long sequence of events! Note +remote computer. What a long sequence of events! Note that the stop signal passed thru 4 serial ports, 2 modems, and one application program (minicom). Each serial port has 2 buffers (in one direction of flow): the 8k one and the hardware 16-byte one. The @@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@ loads. Of course if the driver doesn't come both ways (as a compile-time option and as a module) you have no such choice. If you want to see what has already been compiled into an existing -working kernel, go the the /boot directory (or wherever the compiled +working kernel, go to the /boot directory (or wherever the compiled kernel(s) reside) and look in the config... file. In the 2.6 kernel there are many options to select from in the @@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ moxa-smartio, riscom8, specialix, stallion, and sx (specialix). The serial ports your multiport board uses depends on what kind of board you have. Some have their own device names like /dev/ttyE27 (Stallion) or /dev/ttyD2 (Digiboard), etc. For various other brands, -see see devices.txt in the kernel documentation. Some use the +see devices.txt in the kernel documentation. Some use the standard names like /dev/ttyS14 and may be found in configuration files that used as arguments to setserial. Such files may be included in a setserial or serial package. diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Shadow-Password-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Shadow-Password-HOWTO.sgml index 148a4e9e..54b80ac2 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Shadow-Password-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Shadow-Password-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1210,7 +1210,7 @@ For example, let look again at fred fred P 03/04/96 0 60 0 0 This means that fred's password is valid, it was last changed on 03/04/96, it can be changed at any time, it expires after 60 days, fred will -not be warned, and and the account won't be disabled when the password +not be warned, and the account won't be disabled when the password expires.

This simply means that if fred logs in after the password expires, @@ -1383,7 +1383,7 @@ information.

Adding shadow support to a program is actually fairly straightforward. The only problem is that the program must be run by root (or SUID root) in order -for the the program to be able to access the /etc/shadow file. +for the program to be able to access the /etc/shadow file.

This presents one big problem: very careful programming practices must be followed when creating SUID programs. For instance, if a program has a shell diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Software-RAID-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Software-RAID-HOWTO.sgml index 82f7ac3a..6f4f223f 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Software-RAID-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Software-RAID-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1762,7 +1762,7 @@ release which supports Software RAID (md) devices.

Pre-conversion example system

-The test system contains two SCSI disks, sda and sdb both of of which are the +The test system contains two SCSI disks, sda and sdb both of which are the same physical size. As part of the test setup, I configured both disks to have the same partition layout, using fdisk to ensure the number of blocks for each partition was identical. @@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ DEVICE MOUNTPOINT TEMPORARY MOUNT POINT Create the file /mnt/sysimage/etc/raidtab (or wherever your real /etc file system has been mounted.

-For our test system, the raidtab file would like like this. +For our test system, the raidtab file would look like this. raiddev /dev/md0 raid-level 1 diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/TeTeX-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/TeTeX-HOWTO.sgml index ad2bcb93..deba8733 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/TeTeX-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/TeTeX-HOWTO.sgml @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ soft fonts which will be downloaded to the LaserJet. This is dvilj2. Other .dvi drivers provide features that are relevant to the devices they support. dvilj2 tries to fill the font requests which were made in the original LaTeX document -with the the closest equivalents available on the system. In the case +with the closest equivalents available on the system. In the case of a plain text document like TETEXDOC.tex, there isn't much difficulty. All of the fonts requested by TETEXDOC.tex will be generated by metafont, which is automatically invoked by diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Template-Linuxdoc-Big-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Template-Linuxdoc-Big-HOWTO.sgml index 0373f7cc..62309f5e 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Template-Linuxdoc-Big-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Template-Linuxdoc-Big-HOWTO.sgml @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ The main site for these is the name="LDP archive"> at Metalab (formerly known as Sunsite). -There is a a new HOWTO out that deals with setting up a +There is a new HOWTO out that deals with setting up a DPT RAID system, check out the . diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Text-Terminal-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Text-Terminal-HOWTO.sgml index d96a0e7d..b9416c3c 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Text-Terminal-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Text-Terminal-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@ soft-font. This means that they can display almost any character set provided that you can find the soft-font for it. If you can't find the needed soft-font, you can always create your own. A free font editor for this is called BitFontEdit (written by the author of this -document) and is at at +document) and is at For mapping the keyboard (and screen) for use of various fonts see @@ -1754,7 +1754,7 @@ OK most of the time but once in a while will give errors. Serial Communication programs

while the newer free PuTTY and Terra-Term programs can connect -directly to a serial line but can't dial out, most of of the older +directly to a serial line but can't dial out, most of the older programs did dialing out via a serial port modem. Some dialing programs are for making a PPP connection to the Internet via a modem, such as wvdial, and don't normally include any terminal emulation. @@ -5302,7 +5302,7 @@ terminal to create a meta key. vi and Cursor-Keys

Vi uses the esc-key as a command to exit insert mode. -Unfortunately for most terminals the arrow-keys send an an escape +Unfortunately for most terminals the arrow-keys send an escape sequence (starting with the ESC character) to the host. Vi must distinguish between these two meanings of ESC. A smart vi (such as vim if configured for it) is able to detect the difference by noting @@ -5352,7 +5352,7 @@ screen. But there is a downside to this. For example, if you copy a large number of files (like everything on your hard drive) and use options to display the full name (path name) of each file copied, then the -speed limitations of the serial line may only only display 30 files per +speed limitations of the serial line may only display 30 files per second on the screen. But your hard drive can copy many times faster than this but the terminal will slow down the transfer to the speed at which it can be displayed by the terminal. It does this by @@ -6943,7 +6943,7 @@ push rod until it works OK and also displays its character on the screen. At first, the cleaner may cause the key to fail to display its character. Some keys stick due to stickiness on the keycap bottom surface.. If the key sticks in the fully down position this could be -the problem. So you might need to clean this this area too. +the problem. So you might need to clean this area too. If you decide to push it sideways, use a small screwdriver to push sideways with while pushing the key up and down with both your finger @@ -7216,7 +7216,7 @@ to connect them to serial ports. and their capabilities. Rather, these chapters are mostly about how to set up the computer (and its terminal driver) to work with terminals. Due to the differences of different Unix-like systems, -much of the information does not not apply to Linux. +much of the information does not apply to Linux. Unix Power Tools by Jerry Peck et. al. O'Reilly 1998. @@ -7292,7 +7292,7 @@ An example of an ANSI standard escape sequence is ESC[5B which moves the cursor down 5 lines. ESC is the Escape character. The parameter 5 is included in the sequence. If it were 7 the cursor would move down 7 lines, etc. A listing for this sequence as "move cursor down x -lines: ESC[xB" is easy to to understand. But command jargon such as: +lines: ESC[xB" is easy to understand. But command jargon such as: "tertiary device attribute request" is less comprehensible. This section will try to explain some of the more arcane jargon used for escape sequence commands. A full listing (including the escape @@ -7540,7 +7540,7 @@ twisted-pair (balanced) technology. Balanced transmission can sometimes be a hundred times faster than unbalanced EIA-232. For a given speed, the distance (maximum cable length) may be many times longer with twisted pair. Few terminals seem to support them. While -many terminals also support EIA-423 is is almost like EIA-232 but is +many terminals also support EIA-423 is almost like EIA-232 but is only 5 volts and somewhat higher speeds (without using twisted pair). Twisted pair includes EIA-422, EIA-530-A, HSSI (High Speed Serial Interface), USB (Universal Serial Bus), and of course ethernet. diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Tips-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Tips-HOWTO.sgml index f759d321..2e9f4f5e 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Tips-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Tips-HOWTO.sgml @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ I could see this was in /dev/hdb5 go through the /bin, /sbin/, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin and /usr/lib (and a few of the other usual suspects and make liberal use of the 'chattr +i command'. Also add that - to the the kernel files in root. Now 'mkdir /etc/.dist/' + to the kernel files in root. Now 'mkdir /etc/.dist/' copy everything from /etc/ on down (I do this in two steps using /tmp/etcdist.tar to avoid recursion) into that directory. (Optionally you can just create /etc/.dist.tar.gz) -- and diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/TkRat.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/TkRat.sgml index f1a8db1d..1dea4d7c 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/TkRat.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/TkRat.sgml @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ newmail -Examine the "[Ss]ender" line. You'll notice that that line is the one thing that all messages from that mailing list have in common. +Examine the "[Ss]ender" line. You'll notice that the line is the one thing that all messages from that mailing list have in common. That section is telling procmail that when it sees a message come through with a header that looks like the above, to put it into the "foo-list" folder. diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/UUCP-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/UUCP-HOWTO.sgml index c15c10f2..f8059519 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/UUCP-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/UUCP-HOWTO.sgml @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ Just run "crontab -u uucp /etc/uucp/crontab" to add it to the others crontabs. # 1) expect nothing (i.e., continue with step 2) # 2) send "ATZ", then a carriage return, then sleep for 1 to 2 seconds. # The \c means to not send a final carriage return. -# 3) wait until the modem echoes "OK", then do the the same for "ATX4" & "OK" +# 3) wait until the modem echoes "OK", then do the same for "ATX4" & "OK" # 4) send "ATDT", then the telephone number (after translating any dialcodes). # 5) wait until the modem echoes "CONNECT" # 6) if we get "BUSY", "NO CARRIER" ... during the chat script we abort dialing diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/User-Group-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/User-Group-HOWTO.sgml index 8b12d587..73876fac 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/User-Group-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/User-Group-HOWTO.sgml @@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ concerning GNU/Linux, it's also pointless: Unlike the case with proprietary OSes, our OS will not live or die by the level of its acceptance and release/maintenance of ported applications. It and all key applications are open source: the programmer community that maintains it is -self-supporting, and would keep it advancing and and healthy regardless +self-supporting, and would keep it advancing and healthy regardless of whether the business world and general public uses it with wild abandon, only a little, or not at all. Because of its open-source licence terms, source code is permanently available. GNU/Linux cannot be diff --git a/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Connectivity-Devices.xml b/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Connectivity-Devices.xml index ea3e440d..4e311e4d 100644 --- a/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Connectivity-Devices.xml +++ b/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Connectivity-Devices.xml @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ on this device. Hub Hubs connect nodes and network resources in a network to a central point in a -star topology. It should be noted the the usage of these devices has largely +star topology. It should be noted that the usage of these devices has largely been eliminated as the development of 'switch' and general 'switching-fabric' technology has delivered increased levels of speed and efficiency in network communication. Switches and routers are two types of hubs. diff --git a/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Media-Types.xml b/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Media-Types.xml index 91731026..dc32b4e8 100644 --- a/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Media-Types.xml +++ b/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Media-Types.xml @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ RG-62 93 ohms ARCnet A fiber optic cable consists of a thin glass or clear plastic fiber encased in a protective jacket. Signals are sent through the cable in form of light. There are two types of fiber optic cable: single-mode, which uses a single -wavelength, and multimode, which uses multiple multiple wavelengths in the +wavelength, and multimode, which uses multiple wavelengths in the same cable. Fiber optic cable is completely invulnerable to EMI, and has no detectable emissions. However, it and its associated equipment are expensive compared to other types of cable, and the most difficult to install. Single-mode diff --git a/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Overview.xml b/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Overview.xml index 148ddbfe..126b0c95 100644 --- a/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Overview.xml +++ b/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Overview.xml @@ -2469,7 +2469,7 @@ server is not required) and the fact that an administrator mightn't be required (if users are able to manage resource sharing). The primary disadvantage of peer networks is the lack of a central control mechanism. Each user controls access to their own workstation's shared files and printers. In a large scale -network network, such a security policy is difficult to manage without +network, such a security policy is difficult to manage without compromising security. Further, a workstation that is being accessed by peers can also be slowed down, inconveniencing the user at that workstation. Hence, its clear that this system is best suited to smaller networks. diff --git a/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Protocols-Standards-Services.xml b/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Protocols-Standards-Services.xml index 31c625c0..f20c49f9 100644 --- a/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Protocols-Standards-Services.xml +++ b/LDP/inprogress/Linux-Networking/Protocols-Standards-Services.xml @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ http://lrcwww.epfl.ch DDS-Switched56 -DDS (Digital Data Service) and Switched 56 are types types of dedicated +DDS (Digital Data Service) and Switched 56 are types of dedicated digital line provided by phone carriers. DDS lines are more expensive than dedicated analog lines, but support a more consistent quality. DDS lines support a speed of 56 Kbps. A device called a CSU/DSU (Channel diff --git a/LDP/ldpwn/20030527.xml b/LDP/ldpwn/20030527.xml index 523c9bc3..3e705f73 100644 --- a/LDP/ldpwn/20030527.xml +++ b/LDP/ldpwn/20030527.xml @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Robinson subjected the default LDP license to a Debian Free Software Guidelines analysis and proposed several changes to it. People further discussed the license -and the changes on the the debian-legal mailing list. diff --git a/LDP/ldpwn/20030722.xml b/LDP/ldpwn/20030722.xml index f0a9b4ce..6be61dff 100644 --- a/LDP/ldpwn/20030722.xml +++ b/LDP/ldpwn/20030722.xml @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ default in the standard XFree86 package, Eric Steven Raymond's LOST (Linux One Stanza Tips) project is a series of small Linux related hints and tips and a set of of scripts/programs for interfacing the snippets with existing mailers and web pages. The LOST project was born in the Linux-India-Help mailing list in Aug 2001 because the developers of the project felt that as newbies join the list, the same queries are floated time and again. +The LOST (Linux One Stanza Tips) project is a series of small Linux related hints and tips and a set of scripts/programs for interfacing the snippets with existing mailers and web pages. The LOST project was born in the Linux-India-Help mailing list in Aug 2001 because the developers of the project felt that as newbies join the list, the same queries are floated time and again. diff --git a/LDP/ldpwn/20031125.xml b/LDP/ldpwn/20031125.xml index 81514f9d..9daef02c 100644 --- a/LDP/ldpwn/20031125.xml +++ b/LDP/ldpwn/20031125.xml @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ url="http://www.opencontent.org/opl.shtml">http://www.opencontent.org/opl.shtml< any issues and what people think in general about documentation licenses. David Lawyer said -that that LDP needs to create it's own license and prevent documentation +that the LDP needs to create it's own license and prevent documentation abuse. Andy Oram suggested that the LDP should contact the Creative Commons for help. Somewhere in the discussion, Colin Watson Saqib Ali created a website that can convert the XML Documents stored in the CVS to HTML/PDF on-the-fly. The -idea is to to let the HOWTO authors to view the HTML/PDF output of their +idea is to let the HOWTO authors to view the HTML/PDF output of their XML source once they commit the source to the CVS. Using the converter is as simple as going to something like http://www.xml-dev.com:8080/tldp/http://cvsview.tldp.org/index.cgi/*checkout*/LDP/howto/docbook/DocBook-OpenJade-SGML-XML-HOWTO.xml. diff --git a/LDP/ldpwn/20050330.xml b/LDP/ldpwn/20050330.xml index 86a499b6..0ffa8b5e 100644 --- a/LDP/ldpwn/20050330.xml +++ b/LDP/ldpwn/20050330.xml @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ first review all the docs on this subject. If docs were not being adequately maintained, she would try to find new authors. She would also try to find authors for areas covered by the subject but not adequately by any LDP docs. She would suggest mergers or splits in exiting documents. New doc proposals -would go the the appropriate subject specialist. He said that there +would go to the appropriate subject specialist. He said that there should be a subject specialist coordinator and the subject specialist coordinator would need to have good knowledge of all aspects of Linux and have time to check out the facts when disputes arose. The subject specialist diff --git a/LDP/ldpwn/20060404.xml b/LDP/ldpwn/20060404.xml index 939686e2..c9476652 100644 --- a/LDP/ldpwn/20060404.xml +++ b/LDP/ldpwn/20060404.xml @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ There is a discussion - going on on what the best manner is to convert your docbook xml + going on what the best manner is to convert your docbook xml document into pdf. A few different manners are mentioned. But there is still no winner! That is normal, because it is also a matter of taste. diff --git a/LDP/ref/docbook/Intrusion-INTRO.sgml b/LDP/ref/docbook/Intrusion-INTRO.sgml index f8d3cc4d..2e597b2f 100644 --- a/LDP/ref/docbook/Intrusion-INTRO.sgml +++ b/LDP/ref/docbook/Intrusion-INTRO.sgml @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Permissions Passwords usually come with usernames as well. A good username-and-password system will enable you to set up several roles for your computers. Each role will need different types of access, will use different programs and different data. - If an intruder guesses or finds out one person's username and password, they will have access to any programs or data that that person usually has access to. For this reason, you might like to limit what each person is allowed to access. + If an intruder guesses or finds out one person's username and password, they will have access to any programs or data that person usually has access to. For this reason, you might like to limit what each person is allowed to access. Most computer systems have something in place which does this. Under most systems, it is called 'permissions'. Your computer manual or local expert can help you set it up on your computers. diff --git a/LDP/ref/docbook/PhysSecurity-INTRO.sgml b/LDP/ref/docbook/PhysSecurity-INTRO.sgml index a1ec7eca..4f98ea94 100644 --- a/LDP/ref/docbook/PhysSecurity-INTRO.sgml +++ b/LDP/ref/docbook/PhysSecurity-INTRO.sgml @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Keep any computers which have sensitive information away from the general public. Use common sense - locked doors, locked windows and security systems are all readily available. Your local police department is likely to have up-to-date advice on realistic security for your area. - There are specialist devices available for attaching computers to desks, or for locking computer cases closed. If you (or your local police department) feel that that is warranted for your system, buy them and apply them. Just remember that you also need to prevent an intruder from actually reaching the computer in the first place - information can be stolen without moving the computer itself. + There are specialist devices available for attaching computers to desks, or for locking computer cases closed. If you (or your local police department) feel that is warranted for your system, buy them and apply them. Just remember that you also need to prevent an intruder from actually reaching the computer in the first place - information can be stolen without moving the computer itself. diff --git a/LDP/ref/docbook/VLC-User-Guide/VLC-User-Guide.xml b/LDP/ref/docbook/VLC-User-Guide/VLC-User-Guide.xml index 66a2509f..2190739e 100644 --- a/LDP/ref/docbook/VLC-User-Guide/VLC-User-Guide.xml +++ b/LDP/ref/docbook/VLC-User-Guide/VLC-User-Guide.xml @@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ The user documentation of VideoLAN is made up of 4 documents : the VideoLAN Quickstart. This -document will give you a quick overview of of VLC, VLC's stream output, +document will give you a quick overview of VLC, VLC's stream output, the Video On Demand solution and the channel information service system. diff --git a/LDP/ref/docbook/VLS-User-Guide/VLS-User-Guide.xml b/LDP/ref/docbook/VLS-User-Guide/VLS-User-Guide.xml index 5bd4a9d0..19e11208 100644 --- a/LDP/ref/docbook/VLS-User-Guide/VLS-User-Guide.xml +++ b/LDP/ref/docbook/VLS-User-Guide/VLS-User-Guide.xml @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ The user documentation of VideoLAN is made up of 4 documents : the VideoLAN Quickstart. This -document will give you a quick overview of of VLC, VLC's stream output, +document will give you a quick overview of VLC, VLC's stream output, the Video On Demand solution and the channel information service system. diff --git a/LDP/ref/docbook/VideoLAN-Quickstart/VideoLAN-Quickstart.xml b/LDP/ref/docbook/VideoLAN-Quickstart/VideoLAN-Quickstart.xml index b0a0fb60..c530246e 100644 --- a/LDP/ref/docbook/VideoLAN-Quickstart/VideoLAN-Quickstart.xml +++ b/LDP/ref/docbook/VideoLAN-Quickstart/VideoLAN-Quickstart.xml @@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ The user documentation of VideoLAN is made up of 4 documents : the VideoLAN Quickstart. This -document will give you a quick overview of of VLC, VLC's stream output, +document will give you a quick overview of VLC, VLC's stream output, the Video On Demand solution and the channel information service system. diff --git a/LDP/retired/3Dfx-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/retired/3Dfx-HOWTO.sgml index ce6ad9fa..f42ab4ac 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/3Dfx-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/3Dfx-HOWTO.sgml @@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ wait for the binary. Quantum3D has DEC Alpha support announced for 2H97. Please contact Daryll Strauss if you are interested in supporting this.

-There is also the issue of porting the the assembly +There is also the issue of porting the assembly modules. While there are alternative C paths in the code, the assembly module in &Glide; (essentially triangle setup) offered significant performance gains @@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ migration path to accelerated 3D graphics. It also has several disadvantages: an application using the &VooDoo; might not re-enable video output when crashing, and regular VGA video -signal deteoriates in the the pass-through +signal deteoriates in the pass-through process. What is &Texelfx; or TMU? diff --git a/LDP/retired/Bangla-PDF-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/retired/Bangla-PDF-HOWTO.xml index e2265ea2..8efe88e8 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Bangla-PDF-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/Bangla-PDF-HOWTO.xml @@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ EndSection keyboard is needed). If there is no need to use the Multikey for typing various Latin characters like ssharp then this method is okay. The typing sequence of characters for writing ligatures is - slightly different from the the original Bijoy keyboard. Whatever is + slightly different from the original Bijoy keyboard. Whatever is the situation, the following steps describe a way to get the ligatures to appear on the screen: diff --git a/LDP/retired/Bugzilla-Guide/installation.xml b/LDP/retired/Bugzilla-Guide/installation.xml index d1aacd62..f93f8484 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Bugzilla-Guide/installation.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/Bugzilla-Guide/installation.xml @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ MySQL-related modules The Perl/MySQL interface requires a few mutually-dependent Perl - modules. These modules are grouped together into the the + modules. These modules are grouped together into the Msql-Mysql-modules package. The MakeMaker process will ask you a few questions about the diff --git a/LDP/retired/Bugzilla-Guide/using.xml b/LDP/retired/Bugzilla-Guide/using.xml index b5dab9d0..11c2958e 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Bugzilla-Guide/using.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/Bugzilla-Guide/using.xml @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@

Searching for Bugs - The Bugzilla Search page is is the interface where you can find + The Bugzilla Search page is the interface where you can find any bug report, comment, or patch currently in the Bugzilla system. You can play with it here: diff --git a/LDP/retired/Cyrillic-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/retired/Cyrillic-HOWTO.sgml index 14ec82a9..66179436 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Cyrillic-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/Cyrillic-HOWTO.sgml @@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ spell-check, by supplying ~/.emacs (or in /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/site-start.el for a system-wide diff --git a/LDP/retired/Deciding-Linux-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/retired/Deciding-Linux-HOWTO.xml index 5733e02f..4ee49738 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Deciding-Linux-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/Deciding-Linux-HOWTO.xml @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ which provide more current information. File Browser - Windows Explorer KDE has an integrated file manager called Konqueror, which also doubles as an -Internet browser. Most of the popular formats such as text files and and images +Internet browser. Most of the popular formats such as text files and images have in-built support and open within Konqueror itself. Several of the features are similar to Windows Explorer so you wouldn't be left out. @@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ a huge collection of software that is bundled and extensively tested by these companies before distributing in CDs or over the Internet. You also usually get printed manuals, service and support from these companies (not available for free). You choose what you want. If you are -new to Linux without any friends around who has used used Linux,I would +new to Linux without any friends around who has used Linux, I would suggest getting a paid version. I am using my Linux system at home. Why can't I run the system as a root user? diff --git a/LDP/retired/Ext2fs-Undeletion-Dir-Struct.sgml b/LDP/retired/Ext2fs-Undeletion-Dir-Struct.sgml index eb53a709..d9680e7c 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Ext2fs-Undeletion-Dir-Struct.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/Ext2fs-Undeletion-Dir-Struct.sgml @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ Load "lsdel.out" into a texteditor. The list of inodes should be sorted in time. Try to remember exactly what time you did that - rm -rf. Probably it was the the last items you + rm -rf. Probably it was the last items you deleted and then they will be located at the bottom of the list, because it is sorted in time. Delete all lines that has nothing of interest. Save as "lsdel.out-selected". diff --git a/LDP/retired/FDU.sgml b/LDP/retired/FDU.sgml index 92146abf..1fbc82b7 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/FDU.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/FDU.sgml @@ -2987,7 +2987,7 @@ edit One final point: anti-aliasing and TrueType are completely separate - issues. One does not depend on the other, though both together can can + issues. One does not depend on the other, though both together can enhance appearance significantly. Especially, with good quality TrueType fonts! But any font can potentially be anti-aliased. diff --git a/LDP/retired/GNU-Build-System-HOWTO/GNU-Build-System-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/retired/GNU-Build-System-HOWTO/GNU-Build-System-HOWTO.xml index 97563f5f..38173901 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/GNU-Build-System-HOWTO/GNU-Build-System-HOWTO.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/GNU-Build-System-HOWTO/GNU-Build-System-HOWTO.xml @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ $Id$ This HOWTO aims to help beginning developers to leverage the power - the the GNU Build System (GBS). The GBS is composed of well-known + the GNU Build System (GBS). The GBS is composed of well-known tools such as &make; and of less-used utilities such as &autoconf;, &automake; or &libtool;. The primary goal of the HOWTO is to ring developers up to speed with each of these tools, @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ $Id$ for first time users of the autotools. It is intended to be an introductory guide, to help with GNU &make;, &autoconf;, &automake; &libtool; etc. It also tries to provide an - explanation as to to how these tools work. To be able to follow + explanation as to how these tools work. To be able to follow the explanations given in here, the reader is expected to be familiar with Unix like operating systems and the basics of programming. diff --git a/LDP/retired/LFS/appendixa/coreutils-desc.xml b/LDP/retired/LFS/appendixa/coreutils-desc.xml index 80e6602e..e9b3c7b5 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/LFS/appendixa/coreutils-desc.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/LFS/appendixa/coreutils-desc.xml @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ the given file name. cat concatenates files to standard output. chgrp changes the group ownership of each given -file to the given group. The group can be either given a a name or a numeric +file to the given group. The group can be either given a name or a numeric ID. chmod changes the permissions of each given file diff --git a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter02/download.xml b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter02/download.xml index a3e1d990..e1464b1b 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter02/download.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter02/download.xml @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ packages that were downloaded are placed somewhere in $LFS/usr/src. While it doesn't matter at all where you save the downloaded packages, we recommend storing it at least on the LFS partition. This -just makes sense because you need to have access to those those files +just makes sense because you need to have access to those files when you chroot to $LFS and when you boot into the LFS system, although access when booted to $LFS could be handled other ways. $LFS/usr/src is just a logical place to store source code, but by no means a requirement. diff --git a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter06/groff.xml b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter06/groff.xml index 4c3531fd..de9cc25d 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter06/groff.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter06/groff.xml @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ live elsewhere, you may want to change PAGE=letter to make install Some documentation programs, such as xman, -will not work work properly without the following symlinks: +will not work properly without the following symlinks: ln -s soelim /usr/bin/zsoelim ln -s eqn /usr/bin/geqn diff --git a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter06/man.xml b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter06/man.xml index 833ff0e8..a293485c 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter06/man.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter06/man.xml @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ with more than 80 columns are used in conjunction with recent releases of to select a sensible set of default options. For example: only English man pages, no message catalogs, man not suid, handle compressed man pages, compress cat pages, create cat pages whenever the appropriate directory exists, follow -FHS by putting cat pages under /var/cache/man provided that that directory +FHS by putting cat pages under /var/cache/man provided that the directory exists. -confdir=/etc: This tells the diff --git a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter5/bash-exp.xml b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter5/bash-exp.xml index e749d369..5ec3e0ed 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter5/bash-exp.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter5/bash-exp.xml @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ possible) as the original Bourne shell. the next command to be executed only if the previous command exists with a return value of 0 indicating success. In case all of these commands are copy&pasted -on the shell, is is important to be ensured that if +on the shell, it is important to be ensured that if ./configure fails, make isn't being executed and, likewise, if make fails, that make install isn't being executed, and so forth. diff --git a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter7/usage.xml b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter7/usage.xml index f6894436..8c1d897c 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter7/usage.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/LFS/chapter7/usage.xml @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ command an alias to init 0. before any runlevel is executed and runs the scripts listed in /etc/rcS.d -There are a number of directories under /etc that look like like rc?.d +There are a number of directories under /etc that look like rc?.d where ? is the number of the runlevel and rcS.d which contain a number of symbolic links. Some begin with an K, the others begin with an S, and all of them have three numbers following the initial letter. The K means to diff --git a/LDP/retired/Laptop-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/retired/Laptop-HOWTO.sgml index 2fbe3c99..e5d55649 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Laptop-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/Laptop-HOWTO.sgml @@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ Speed optimization has to be done, asyncmap 0 or local? I checked this only with a destination partition greater than the source partition. Please check dd instead of cat therefore.

-Or do the following (untested): At the destination machine cd into the root directory / and do nc -l -p 5555 | bzip2 -dc | tar xvf -. At the source machine machine cd into the root directory / and do tar cvf - . | bzip2 | nc -w 3 192.168.0.2 5555. This should shorten the time needed for the operation, too. Because only the allocated blocks need to be transfered. +Or do the following (untested): At the destination machine cd into the root directory / and do nc -l -p 5555 | bzip2 -dc | tar xvf -. At the source machine cd into the root directory / and do tar cvf - . | bzip2 | nc -w 3 192.168.0.2 5555. This should shorten the time needed for the operation, too. Because only the allocated blocks need to be transfered. Don't mount the destination partition. @@ -2833,7 +2833,7 @@ According to the camera documentation , both pcmcia and USB port behave the same

enables you to take a photo from any digital camera, load it onto your PC running a free operating system like GNU/Linux, print it, email it, put it on your web site, save it on your storage media in popular graphics formats or just view it on your monitor. gPhoto sports a new HTML engine that allows the creation of gallery themes (HTML templates with special tags) making publishing images to the world wide web a snap. A directory browse mode is implemented making it easy to create an HTML gallery from images already on your computer. Support for the Canon PowerShot A50, Kodak DC-240/280 USB, and Mustek MDC-800 digital cameras.

- is is a library and a command-line frontend to manipulate digital still cameras based on Fujitsu chipset and Siarra Imaging firmware. The program is known to work with Agfa, Epson and Olympus cameras. Should also work with Sanyo, but this is untested. The cameras typically come with software for Windows and for Mac, and no description of the protocol. With this tool, they are manageable from a UNIX box. Bruce D. Lightner <lightner@metaflow.com> has added support for Win32 and DOS platforms. Note that the program does not have any GUI, it is plain command-line even on Windows. For a GUI, check out the phototk program. + is a library and a command-line frontend to manipulate digital still cameras based on Fujitsu chipset and Siarra Imaging firmware. The program is known to work with Agfa, Epson and Olympus cameras. Should also work with Sanyo, but this is untested. The cameras typically come with software for Windows and for Mac, and no description of the protocol. With this tool, they are manageable from a UNIX box. Bruce D. Lightner <lightner@metaflow.com> has added support for Win32 and DOS platforms. Note that the program does not have any GUI, it is plain command-line even on Windows. For a GUI, check out the phototk program. Connection to QuickCam (Video)

diff --git a/LDP/retired/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/retired/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO.sgml index 3cc0a6e5..bd488fbb 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO.sgml @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ URL="http://www.mi.infn.it">INFN MI How? In short: LDAP. A little less short: The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is the database in which all the information will be stored. It has a directory-based structure, which means you can store information in it through a directory or tree structure. You can store about anything you want in it. And this has the advantage that when something new comes into play it is very likely that the additional information that needs to be stored can be seamlessly merged with the existing data. -Another advantage is the scaleability that Ldap provides. Ldap databases can be easily replicated, so it would be possible to have multiple multiple ldap servers all replicating from a master server. This improves the reliability, and it creates the possibility to devide the load on larger networks between different servers. +Another advantage is the scaleability that Ldap provides. Ldap databases can be easily replicated, so it would be possible to have multiple ldap servers all replicating from a master server. This improves the reliability, and it creates the possibility to devide the load on larger networks between different servers. What? Most of the common services can be authenticated through PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules. With the pam_ldap and nss_ldap modules, all pamified programs can get their information from LDAP. More information about PAM in general can be found on the Linux-PAM site. Information about pam_ldap and nss_ldap can be found on the padl software site. For Samba, things are a little difficult at this moment. The current stable Samba versions do not have Ldap support. Ldap support can be found in the HEAD and TNG branch, and probably also in the combined tree. The problem is that samba has it's own usernames and passwords. It does have usage for PAM, in fact, but that is not sufficient to do all the authentication and retrieval of user information. Because the implementation of LDAP in samba is not fully finished yet, there are a few limitations to the use of ldap with samba. From my experiences, the HEAD is at this time (early June 2000) not stable enough, and the performance is unsatisfying. However, when the ldap support is fully functional in the new releases, samba too can be configured to get all of it's user information from ldap. diff --git a/LDP/retired/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO/section-dns.sgml b/LDP/retired/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO/section-dns.sgml index 76ad5265..fd02c0f4 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO/section-dns.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/Ldap-Implementation-HOWTO/section-dns.sgml @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Dynamic mode is much like it is now: every request means an LDAP lookup. For up ldap2dns Taken intirely from their website: -ldap2dns is a program to create DNS records directly from a LDAP directory. It can and should be be used to replace the secondary name-server by a second primary one. +ldap2dns is a program to create DNS records directly from a LDAP directory. It can and should be used to replace the secondary name-server by a second primary one. ldap2dns helps to reduce all kind of administration overhead. No more flat file editing, no more zone file editing. After having installed ldap2dns, the administrator only has to access the LDAP directory. If he desires he can add access control for each zone, create a webbased GUI and add all other kind of zone and resource record information without interfering with the DNS server. ldap2dns is designed to write binary data.cdb files used by tinydns, but also may be used to write .db-files used by named. diff --git a/LDP/retired/Linux-FAQ/Linux-FAQ.wt b/LDP/retired/Linux-FAQ/Linux-FAQ.wt index beff5568..f2054a33 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/Linux-FAQ/Linux-FAQ.wt +++ b/LDP/retired/Linux-FAQ/Linux-FAQ.wt @@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ to the newer-yet glibc2 libraries. The problem with upgrading dynamic libraries is that the moment you remove the old libraries, the utilities that you need to upgrade to the new version -of the libraries don't work. There are ways around around this. One is to +of the libraries don't work. There are ways around this. One is to temporarily place a spare copy of the run time libraries, which are in [[/lib/]], in [[/usr/lib/]], or [[/usr/local/lib/]], or another directory that is listed in the [[/etc/ld.so.conf]] file. @@ -3402,7 +3402,7 @@ to read the [[ldp:PCMCIA-HOWTO]], which is included in the distribution. -Q: Can Can I Resume an Interrupted Download?|resume-ftp +Q: Can I Resume an Interrupted Download?|resume-ftp A: You can use the reget command of the standard ftp client program after reconnecting to pick up @@ -4610,7 +4610,7 @@ references to Linux Web sites. Try: Google also has a Linux-specific section at [[http://www.google.com/linux/]]. -Further information about about Web search +Further information about Web search engines is in the Web and Internet Search Engine Faq: [[http://www.infobasic.com/pagefaq.html]]. diff --git a/LDP/retired/MIPS-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/retired/MIPS-HOWTO.sgml index 3ff9b6d8..3b54a2e6 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/MIPS-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/MIPS-HOWTO.sgml @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ url="ftp://ftp.mips.com/pub/tools/software/sde-for-linux/sdelinux-5.01-1.mips.rp The following list covers development boards for which there is active support for the port, and which are maintained continuously. Expect these - ports to work reliably. Refer also the the section on - these companies may provide additional hardware support. @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ url="ftp://ftp.mips.com/pub/tools/software/sde-for-linux/sdelinux-5.01-1.mips.rp should reprogramm the old ethernet address. You may find the MAC address on the sticker on the machine. Below a bar code this sticker only contains a 12 digit hexadecimal number; it's typically located on the backside - between the parallel port and and SCSI connectors on the left side and the + between the parallel port and SCSI connectors on the left side and the power supply on the right side. In case this sticker has been lost, you probably also have the number somewhere in the bootmessages of Linux archived by syslogd or maybe a bootpd or dhcpd config file. diff --git a/LDP/retired/PLD-Guide/admin-manual/sysconfig.xml b/LDP/retired/PLD-Guide/admin-manual/sysconfig.xml index df63d09e..1b361a39 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/PLD-Guide/admin-manual/sysconfig.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/PLD-Guide/admin-manual/sysconfig.xml @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Some devices (mainly disk interfaces) - need support at very very early stage of system boot-up. + need support at a very, very early stage of system boot-up. Modules for these devices must be loaded from so-called initrd (see more in ) diff --git a/LDP/retired/PLD-Guide/installer-theory.xml b/LDP/retired/PLD-Guide/installer-theory.xml index d60efae6..e676b871 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/PLD-Guide/installer-theory.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/PLD-Guide/installer-theory.xml @@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ Disk to put partition onto, e.g. /dev/hda. The disk must be - already specified in in dist_devices list. + already specified in dist_devices list. If the action for given disk is use_existing, proper partition number must be specified too, e.g. /dev/hda1. diff --git a/LDP/retired/PPP-FAQ.sgml b/LDP/retired/PPP-FAQ.sgml index 0a5d6695..0227d9c4 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/PPP-FAQ.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/PPP-FAQ.sgml @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ version and the message is generated. Additional information is in the next question. -pppd says that that the kernel is not configured for PPP. I know that I enabled the option and built the kernel. +pppd says that the kernel is not configured for PPP. I know that I enabled the option and built the kernel.

Make sure that you did rebuild the kernel and that you are running it. @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ Additionally, you should refer to the proxy-ARP mini-HOWTO about the requirements for using proxy-ARP.

The 2.1 package had a limit of 64 network devices. -At the the that the proxyarp function was written, 64 seemed to +After that the proxyarp function was written, 64 seemed to be a very likely limit as most people had one or two ethernet controllers. This is no longer the case when we consider that some systems routinely have 128 network devices. diff --git a/LDP/retired/WWW-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/retired/WWW-HOWTO.sgml index d3f19777..4e9a151e 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/WWW-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/WWW-HOWTO.sgml @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ choices (which are totally different from each other and the Apache defaults). The source is available from the Apache web site at -Binaries are are also available at apache at the same place. +Binaries are also available at apache at the same place. You can also get binaries from sunsite at . And for those of us running Red Hat the latest binary RPM file can usually @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ directory. This needs to be moved in to a bin directory. /usr/local/sbin would be good choices. Copy the conf, logs, and icons sub-directories from the source to the server -home directory. Next rename 3 of the files files in the conf sub-directory +home directory. Next rename 3 of the files in the conf sub-directory to get rid of the -dist extension (ex. httpd.conf-dist becomes . For a step-by-step FreeBSD Installation procedure with screenshots, please refer to Chapter2 : Installing FreeBSD of the FreeBSD @@ -2106,7 +2106,7 @@ C:1 A PRI DOS WIN 1000 FAT32 5% and FreeBSD installation, it too focuses on a CD-ROM based installation. Experts may proceed as usual without help. As for the newbies out there, make sure you check out the Frequently - Asked Questions for OpenBSD on the The OpenBSD Project homepage at + Asked Questions for OpenBSD on The OpenBSD Project homepage at . For a step-by-step OpenBSD Installation procedure with screenshots, refer to the Installing OpenBSD Online manual at the OpenBSD diff --git a/LDP/retired/WordPerfect-Linux-FAQ.sgml b/LDP/retired/WordPerfect-Linux-FAQ.sgml index a93d4dce..fc3d505f 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/WordPerfect-Linux-FAQ.sgml +++ b/LDP/retired/WordPerfect-Linux-FAQ.sgml @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Old-timers may recall that WordPerfect originally emerged from Satellite Software, Inc. of Orem, Utah, which later renamed itself to WordPerfect Corporation, which ported it widely from the original x86 assembler version for MS-DOS. (Their initial Unix port occasioned a rewrite to C, which lead to WP for NeXT, which lead to WP 6.0 for MS-Windows, which was the basis for all subsequent versions.) That firm eventually sold WordPerfect's codebase to Novell, Inc., which then sold it to Corel Corporation Limited of Ottawa, Canada. Corel then hired a spinoff firm (Software Development Corporation aka SD Corp., formed by the Unix port's manager and developers) to port WP versions 6, 7, 8.0, and 8.1 to both Linux and several proprietary Unix platforms. - Around 1996-7, the initial SD Corp.-written Linux port of Corel WP, v. 6.0, was marketed solely through through Caldera, Inc. of Orem, Utah, as part of two bundles: the WordPerfect and Motif Bundle, and the Caldera Internet Office Suite bundle (companion CD to Caldera Network Desktop v 1.0). In 1997, Corel replaced this with a v. 7.0 that it sold directly (after SD Corp.'s open beta), offering greater file compatibility with other platforms and other improvements. + Around 1996-7, the initial SD Corp.-written Linux port of Corel WP, v. 6.0, was marketed solely through Caldera, Inc. of Orem, Utah, as part of two bundles: the WordPerfect and Motif Bundle, and the Caldera Internet Office Suite bundle (companion CD to Caldera Network Desktop v 1.0). In 1997, Corel replaced this with a v. 7.0 that it sold directly (after SD Corp.'s open beta), offering greater file compatibility with other platforms and other improvements. The zenith of WP for Linux's popularity, however, came with the 1998-2000 v. 8.x series, the most wildly popular Linux proprietary software of that era. (During that time period, Corel, acting without help from SD Corp., attempted to port the entire WordPerfect Office (aka Corel Office) suite to Java: Program startup was slow for its time, and some functions had problems. The project was killed after some public betas.) diff --git a/LDP/retired/rpmupgrade/rpmupgrade.xml b/LDP/retired/rpmupgrade/rpmupgrade.xml index e739655b..2cb7f8ab 100644 --- a/LDP/retired/rpmupgrade/rpmupgrade.xml +++ b/LDP/retired/rpmupgrade/rpmupgrade.xml @@ -3912,7 +3912,7 @@ xreflabel="Upgrade tools from the text, plus others"> apt and dpkg This is Debian's method of download and upgrade. I've - heard this this is very good compared to + heard that this is very good compared to rpm .