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@ -4716,7 +4716,7 @@ system's user authentication. </Para>
User-Group-HOWTO</ULink>,
<CiteTitle>Linux User Group HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>Updated: Jun 2010</CiteTitle>.
<CiteTitle>Updated: Apr 2013</CiteTitle>.
A guide to founding, maintaining, and growing a Linux User Group. </Para>
</ListItem>

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@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ takes place in the Linux world of development. </Para>
User-Group-HOWTO</ULink>,
<CiteTitle>Linux User Group HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>Updated: Jun 2010</CiteTitle>.
<CiteTitle>Updated: Apr 2013</CiteTitle>.
A guide to founding, maintaining, and growing a Linux User Group. </Para>
</ListItem>

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<title>Linux User Group HOWTO
<author><url name="Rick Moen" url="mailto:%20rick@linuxmafia.com%20"></author>
<date>v1.8.2, 2010-06-17
<date>v1.8.3, 2013-04-16
<abstract>
The Linux User Group HOWTO is a guide to founding, maintaining, and
@ -30,25 +30,25 @@ tiny to colossal:
<item><bf>Diverse <url name="PDA / embedded / microcontroller / router"
url="http://www.uclinux.org/ports/"> devices:</bf>
<itemize>
<item>Advanced RISC Machines, Ltd. <url name="ARM" url="http://www.arm.uk.linux.org/"> family (StrongARM SA-1110, XScale, ARM6, ARM7, ARM2, ARM250, ARM3i, ARM610, ARM710, ARM7TDMI, ARM720T, and ARM920T, including Sigma Designs DVD systems using ARM cores)</item>
<item>Analog Devices, Inc.'s <url name="Blackfin DSP" url="http://linuxdevices.com/news/NS9596714596.html"></item>
<item>Axis Communications <url name="ETRAX series" url="http://developer.axis.com/software/"> ("CRIS" = Code Reduced Instruction Set RISC architecture)</item>
<item>Advanced RISC Machines, Ltd. <url name="ARM" url="http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/"> family (StrongARM SA-1110, XScale, ARM6, ARM7, ARM2, ARM250, ARM3i, ARM610, ARM710, ARM7TDMI, ARM720T, and ARM920T, including Sigma Designs DVD systems using ARM cores)</item>
<item>Analog Devices, Inc.'s <url name="Blackfin DSP" url="http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Another-nativeDSP-Linux-port-this-one-to-ADIs-Blackfin/"></item>
<item>Axis Communications <url name="ETRAX series" url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETRAX_CRIS"> ("CRIS" = Code Reduced Instruction Set RISC architecture)</item>
<item>Elan SC520 and SC300</item>
<item>FreeScale <url name="MC68EN302"
url="http://www.freescale.com/files/netcomm/doc/data_sheet/MC68EN302.pdf"></item>
<item>Fujitsu <url name="FR-V" url="http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/hardware.html#FR-V"></item>
<item>Fujitsu <url name="FR-V" url="http://ecos.sourceware.org/hardware.html#FR-V"></item>
<item>Hitachi <url name="H8" url="http://www.uclinux.org/pub/uClinux/ports/h8/"> series</item>
<item>Intel i960</item>
<item>Intel IA32-compatibles (Cyrix MediaGX, STMicroelectronics <url name="STPC" url="http://www.stmcu.com/forums-cat-132-6.html">, ZF Micro ZFx86)</item>
<item>Matsushita <url name="AM3x" url="http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/hardware.html#Matsushita%20AM3x"></item>
<item>MIPS-compatibles (Toshiba <url name="TMPRxxxx / TXnnnn" url="http://www.bluecat.com/products/bluecat/bluecatbsp.php3#mips">, NEC <url name="VR" url="http://www.linux-vr.org/"> series, <url name="Realtek 8181" url="http://www.deakin.edu.au/~btfo/networking/minitar.html">)</item>
<item>Motorola 680x0-based machines (Motorola VMEbus boards, <url name="ISICAD Prisma" url="http://ds.dial.pipex.com/town/way/fr30/"> machines, and Motorola <url name="Dragonball" url="http://www.linuxdevices.com/products/PD5338609592.html"> &amp; <url name="ColdFire" url="http://www.uclinux.org/ports/coldfire/"> CPUs, and Cisco 2500/3000/4000 series routers)</item>
<item>Motorola embedded <url name="PowerPC" url="http://penguinppc.org/embedded/hardware/"> (including MPC / PowerQUICC I, II, III families)</item>
<item>NEC <url name="V850E" url="http://www.ee.nec.de/_uclinux/"></item>
<item>Renesas Technology (formerly Hitachi) SH3/SH4 (SuperH: <url name="link1" url="http://www.superhlinux.com/"> <url name="link2" url="http://linuxsh.sourceforge.net/">)</item>
<item>Samsung <url name="CalmRISC" url="http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/hardware.html#CalmRISC"></item>
<item>Texas Instruments's <url name="DM64x" url="http://linuxdevices.com/news/NS3468265897.html"> and <url name="C54x DSP" url="http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS9254493853.html"> families</item>
<item>Xilinx <url name="SoftBlaze" url="http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~jwilliams/mblaze-uclinux/"> (aka Microblaze) soft processor implemented on Xilinx FPGAs</item>
<item>Intel IA32-compatibles (Cyrix MediaGX, STMicroelectronics <url name="STPC" url="http://web.archive.org/web/20070626190436/http://www.stmcu.com/forums-cat-132-6.html">, ZF Micro ZFx86)</item>
<item>Matsushita <url name="AM3x" url="http://ecos.sourceware.org/hardware.html#Matsushita%20AM3x"></item>
<item>MIPS-compatibles (Toshiba TMPRxxxx / TXnnnn, NEC <url name="VR" url="http://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/NEC_VR4100"> series, Realtek 8181">)</item>
<item>Motorola 680x0-based machines (Motorola VMEbus boards, <url name="ISICAD Prisma" url="http://ds.dial.pipex.com/town/way/fr30/"> machines, and Motorola Dragonball &amp; <url name="ColdFire" url="http://www.uclinux.org/ports/coldfire/"> CPUs, and Cisco 2500/3000/4000 series routers)</item>
<item>Motorola embedded <url name="PowerPC" url="http://penguinppc.org/embedded/"> (including MPC / PowerQUICC I, II, III families)</item>
<item>NEC <url name="V850E" url="http://ecos.sourceware.org/tools/linux-v850-elf.html"></item>
<item>Renesas Technology (formerly Hitachi) SH3/SH4 (<url name="SuperH" url="http://wiki.debian.org/SH4">)</item>
<item>Samsung <url name="CalmRISC" url="http://ecos.sourceware.org/hardware.html#CalmRISC"></item>
<item>Texas Instruments's <url name="DM64x" url="http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Worlds-first-nativeDSP-Linux-port/"> and <url name="C54x DSP" url="http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Embedded-Linux-distro-supports-TI-DSPbased-digital-media-processors/"> families</item>
<item>Xilinx <url name="PetaLinux" url="http://www.xilinx.com/tools/petalinux-sdk.htm"> (formerly SoftBlaze, formerly Microblaze) soft processor implemented on Xilinx FPGAs</item>
</itemize>
</item>
<item><bf>Intel <url name="8086 / 80286"
@ -66,66 +66,60 @@ url="http://www.freescale.com/files/netcomm/doc/data_sheet/MC68EN302.pdf"></item
VIA (C3 Ezra "CentaurHauls", C3-2 "Nehemiah"),
and others.</item>
<item><bf>Intel/HP <url name="IA64"
url="http://www.linuxia64.org/">:</bf> Trillian, Itanium, Itanium2/McKinley</item>
<item><bf>x86-64 <url name="x86-64"
url="http://www.x86-64.org/downloads"> family</bf>
including AMD Hammer/Opteron/K8/Athlon64 and Intel
Prescott/Nocona/Potomac</item>
url="http://www.ia64-linux.org/">:</bf> Trillian, Itanium, Itanium2/McKinley</item>
<item><bf>x86-64 family</bf>
including AMD Hammer/Opteron/K8/Athlon64/Turion/Phenom/Phenom II/FX/Fusion and
Intel Prescott/Nocona/Potomac, Core, Atom, Nehalem, Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge</item>
<item><bf>Motorola <url name="68020-68040"
url="http://www.linux-m68k.org/"> series (with MMU)</bf>:
<url name="m68k Mac" url="http://www.mac.linux-m68k.org/">,
Amiga, Atari ST/TT/Medusa/Falcon, HP/Apollo Domain,
<url name="HP9000/300"
url="http://www.tazenda.demon.co.uk/phil/linux-hp/">,
<url name="sun3" url="http://sun3.sammy.net/sun3/">, and
sun3, and
<url name="Sinclair Q40"
url="http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Bay/2602/q40.html">.
url="http://ftp4.de.freesbie.org/pub/misc/tsx-11/680x0/q40/install/">.
</item>
<item><bf>Motorola/IBM <url name="PowerPC"
url="http://linuxppc64.org/"> family:</bf> Most
<item><bf>Motorola/IBM PowerPC family:</bf> Most
<url name="PowerMac"
url="http://penguinppc.org/dev/pmac/"> (including G3/G4/G5) /
<url name="CHRP" url="http://penguinppc.org/dev/chrp/"> /
<url name="PReP" url="http://penguinppc.org/dev/prep/"> /
<url name="POP" url="http://penguinppc.org/dev/pop/">,
url="http://penguinppc.org/mac/"> (including G3/G4/G5) /
CHRP / PReP / POP,
<url name="Amiga PowerUP System"
url="http://linux-apus.sourceforge.net/">,
and IBM <url name="PPC64"
url="http://linuxppc64.org/"> (AS/400, RS/6000, iSeries,
and IBM PPC64 (AS/400, RS/6000, iSeries,
pSeries, PowerMac G5).</item>
<item><bf><url name="MIPS"url="http://www.linux-mips.org/">:</bf>
most SGI, Cobalt Qube,
<url name="DECStation" url="http://decstation.unix-ag.org/">,
Sony <url name="PlayStation2"
url="http://playstation2-linux.com/">, and many others</item>
Sony PlayStation2, and many others</item>
<item><bf>DEC <url name="Alpha" url="http://www.alphalinux.org/"></bf></item>
<item><bf>HP <url name="PA-RISC" url="http://www.parisc-linux.org/"></bf></item>
<item><bf>SPARC International <url name="SPARC32 / SPARC64" url="http://www.ultralinux.org/"></bf></item>
<item><bf>SPARC International SPARC32 / SPARC64</bf></item>
<item><bf>Digital <url name="VAX"
url="http://linux-vax.sourceforge.net/"> minicomputers and MicroVAXen</bf></item>
url="http://vax-linux.org/"> minicomputers and MicroVAXen</bf></item>
<item><bf>Mainframes:</bf> <url name="IBM S/390 models G5 and G6 / zSeries models z800, z890, z900, and z990"
url="http://www10.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/linux390/index.shtml"> and <url name="Fujitsu AP1000+ (SuperSPARC cluster)" url="http://cap.anu.edu.au/cap/projects/linux/"></item>
url="https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/"> and Fujitsu AP1000+ (SuperSPARC cluster)</item>
</itemize>
Note that some items listed were probably one-time forks, little or not
at all maintained since creation. On some of the rarer architectures,
<url name="NetBSD" url="http://www.netbsd.org/"> may be more practical.
(Soon, the <url name="Debian GNU/NetBSD"
url="http://www.debian.org/ports/netbsd/"> and <url name="Debian GNU/kFreeBSD" url="http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/"> ports should be solid enough to
(The
<url name="Debian GNU/kFreeBSD" url="http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/"> port should also be solid enough to
serve as a compromise option, furnishing GNU/Linux userspace code on the
highly portable NetBSD kernel and the high performance / high stability
FreeBSD kernel, respectively.)
high performance / high stability FreeBSD kernel, and <url name="NexentaOS" url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nexenta_OS">
provides something similar on the OpenSolaris kernel.)
If seriously interested in the subject of Linux ports, please see also
<url name="Xose Vazquez Perez's Linux ports page"
url="http://www.itp.uni-hannover.de/ports/linux_ports.html"> and
url="http://web.archive.org/web/20070813000855/http://www.itp.uni-hannover.de/ports/linux_ports.html"> and
<url name="Jerome Pinot's Linux architectures list"
url="http://web.archive.org/web/20050308130348/http://ngc891.blogdns.net/kernel/docs/arch.txt"> (static mirrors, as both pages vanished in 2005), if only because
hardware support is more complex than just generic CPU functionality,
encompassing support for myriad bus variations and other subtle hardware
issues (especially for
<url name="Linux PDA / embedded / microcontroller / router ports"
url="http://www.linuxdevices.com/">).
url="http://www.linuxfordevices.com/">).
The above list aims mostly to generally illustrate the breadth of
Linux's reach.
@ -264,19 +258,15 @@ in India, and over 100 other countries, including Russia, China, and most
of Western and Eastern Europe.
<itemize>
<item><url name="LUGs WorldWide Project" url="http://lugww.counter.li.org/"></item>
<item><url name="Linux Online -- User Groups" url="http://www.linux.org/groups/"></item>
<item><url name="LinuxHQ User Groups" url="http://www.linuxhq.com/users/groups/"></item>
<item><url name="Free Software Foundation GNU Users Groups" url="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-user-groups.html"></item>
<item><url name="LibrePlanet Group List" url="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list"></item>
<item><url name="Open Directory: LUGS" url="http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Linux/User_Groups/"></item>
<item><url name="Wikipedia Category:Linux User Groups" url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Linux_User_Groups"></item>
<item><url name="Lea-Linux List" url="http://www.lea-linux.org/documentations/index.php/Annuaire:LUG_%26_assos_nationales"></item>
<item><url name="Yahoo Linux &gt; User Groups" url="http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Linux/User_Groups/">
<item><url name="CLUE: the Canadian Linux Users' Exchange" url="http://www.linux.ca/"></item>
<item><url name="UK Linux User Groups" url="http://www.lug.org.uk/"></item>
<item><url name="Linux Australia" url="http://www.linux.org.au/"></item>
<item><url name="LUGs List for India and Asia" url="http://www.wikiwikiweb.de/LugsList"></item>
<item><url name="I Linux User Group italiani" url="http://www.linux.it/LUG/"></item>
<item><url name="New Zealand Linux Resource" url="http://www.linux.net.nz/"></item>
<item><url name="I Linux User Group italiani" url="http://lugmap.linux.it/"></item>
</itemize>
<sect1>Solidarity versus convenience
@ -550,7 +540,7 @@ url="http://linuxgazette.net/"></it>. More recently,
they've been joined by
<it><url name="LinuxFocus" url="http://www.linuxfocus.org/"></it> and the
<it><url name="New LinuxFocus" url="http://new.linuxfocus.org/cms/"></it> (on-line),
<it><url name="Linux Format" url="http://www.linuxformat.co.uk/"></it>,
<it><url name="Linux Format" url="http://www.linuxformat.com"></it>,
<it><url name="LinuxUser and Developer" url="http://www.linuxuser.co.uk/"></it>,
<it><url name="Linux Magazine" url="http://www.linux-magazine.com/"></it>, and
<it><url name="LINUX For You" url="http://www.linuxforu.com/"></it>.
@ -717,7 +707,7 @@ anyone I know, and he contributes the following:
<p>
A further involvement can be to encourage sponsorship of various
GNU/Linux-related organisations in a financial way. With the <url
url="http://counter.li.org" name="multiple millions"> of users,
url="http://linuxcounter.net/" name="multiple millions"> of users,
it would be entirely plausible for grateful users to individually
contribute a little. Given millions of users, and the not-unreasonable
sum of a hundred dollars of "gratitude" per user (&dollar;100 being
@ -750,7 +740,7 @@ development of software working with GNU/Linux:
<itemize>
<item><url url="http://www.linuxfoundation.org/about" name="The Linux Foundation">
<item><url url="http://www.debian.org/donations.html" name="Debian / Software In the Public Interest">
<item><url url="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom" name="Free Software Foundation">
<item><url url="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom" name="Free Software Foundation">
<item><url url="http://www.kde.org/community/donations/" name="KDE Project">
<item><url url="http://www.gnome.org/friends/" name="GNOME Foundation">
</itemize>
@ -831,16 +821,6 @@ other school officials. OSEF installs and supports school computer labs,
and has developed a "K12 Box" as a compact Plug and Play workstation
computer for student computer labs.
<item> <url url="http://www.pingos.org/" name="PingoS e.V.">
<p>"PingoS e.V." is a registered non-profit entity with the goal of
promoting the use of GNU/Linux in schools. Any German school can use it
for free support concerning GNU/Linux, and PingoS staff give
presentations about GNU/Linux in schools. Also, PingoS e.V. is the legal
head of SelfLinux, a project aiming to create a comprehensive and
free set of German-language documentation about GNU/Linux and free /
open-source software.
<item> <url url="http://www.osafoundation.org/donations.htm" name="Open
Source Applications Foundation">
@ -1011,7 +991,7 @@ Some LUGs using the Internet effectively:
<item><url name="Colorado Linux Users and Enthusiasts" url="http://www.cluedenver.org/"></item>
<item><url name="Düsseldorfer Linux Users Group" url="http://www.dlug.de/"></item>
<item><url name="Dusseldorfer Linux Users Group" url="http://www.dlug.de/"></item>
<item><url name="India Linux Users Group - Delhi" url="http://linux-delhi.org/"></item>
@ -1019,7 +999,7 @@ Some LUGs using the Internet effectively:
<item><url name="Korean Linux Users Group" url="http://www.lug.or.kr/"></item>
<item><url name="Linux México (La Cofradía Digital)" url="http://www.linux.org.mx/"></item>
<item><url name="Linux Mexico (La Cofradia Digital)" url="http://cofradia.org/"></item>
<item><url name="Linux User Group Austria" url="http://www.luga.at/"></item>
@ -1027,8 +1007,6 @@ Some LUGs using the Internet effectively:
<item><url name="Linux User Group of Rochester" url="http://www.lugor.org/"></item>
<item><url name="Linux User Group of Singapore" url="http://www.lugs.org.sg/"></item>
<item><url name="Nederlandse Linux Gebruikers Groep (Netherlands Linux Users Group or NLLGG)" url="http://www.nllgg.nl/"></item>
<item><url name="North Texas Linux Users Group" url="http://www.ntlug.org/"></item>
@ -1037,10 +1015,6 @@ Some LUGs using the Internet effectively:
<item><url name="Provence Linux Users Group" url="http://plugfr.org/"></item>
<item><url name="St. Petersburg Linux User Group" url="http://linux.spb.org/"></item>
<item><url name="Svenska Linuxföreningen" url="http://se.linux.org/"></item>
<item><url name="Tokyo Linux Users Group" url="http://www.tlug.jp/"></item>
<item><url name="Turkish Linux User Group" url="http://www.linux.org.tr/"></item>
@ -1187,7 +1161,7 @@ certified charity status.
<p>
Correspondent <htmlurl name="Thomas Kappler" url="mailto:%20Thomas.Kappler@stud.uni-karlsruhe.de%20"> warns that the process of founding a non-profit entity in Germany
is a bit complicated, but comprehensively covered at <url
name="http://www.wegweiser-buergergesellschaft.de/praxishilfen/arbeit_im_verein/vereinsrecht/vereinsgruendung_1.php" url="http://www.wegweiser-buergergesellschaft.de/praxishilfen/arbeit_im_verein/vereinsrecht/vereinsgruendung_1.php">.
name="http://www.buergergesellschaft.de/?id=106947" url="http://www.buergergesellschaft.de/?id=106947">.
<sect2>Sweden
<p>
@ -1278,7 +1252,7 @@ become illegal to host anti-DMCA events or support any other political
activity), and must meet exacting paperwork and auditing standards. It's
difficult to envision 501(c)(3) charity status actually making functional
sense for any Linux group -- though one continually hears it recommended by
those who imagine being able to tell people their donations will be guaranteed tax deductible must justify any accompanying disadvantages. Most LUGs would more logically file (if at all) for recognition as a "social and recreation club", category <url url="http://www.t-tlaw.com/lr-06.htm" name="501(c)(7)">.</item>
those who imagine being able to tell people their donations will be guaranteed tax deductible must justify any accompanying disadvantages. Most LUGs would more logically file (if at all) for recognition as a "social and recreation club", category <url url="http://web.archive.org/web/20090818124349/http://www.t-tlaw.com/lr-06.htm" name="501(c)(7)">.</item>
<item><p>In any event, unless one wishes to become a registered charity to render incoming donations tax-deductible, there is <it>literally no point</it> in applying for IRS recognition of your small, informal Linux group under any of the Internal Revenue Code section 501(c) tax-exempt statuses, because IRS simply doesn't care about groups with annual gross revenues less than $25,000, and <url url="http://www.guidestar.org/news/features/990_myths.jsp" name="doesn't want to hear from them"> (2010 update: IRS now does require a very simple annual <url url="http://epostcard.form990.org/" name="e-Postcard"> informational filing from all small non-profits, to keep their 501(c) certifications, but still doesn't want tax from them).</item>
<item><p>The <url name="Federal Volunteer Protection Act of 1997" url="http://www.congress.gov/cgi-bin/query/C?c105:./temp/~c105ss2v68"> does <url name="not" url="http://www.runquist.com/article_vol_protect.htm">, in fact, shield volunteers of Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(3) charities from tort lawsuits. At most, it furnishes some legal defences that can be raised during (expensive) civil litigation, with a large number of holes and limitations, and in most states will be denied unless the group also carries large amounts of (very expensive -- see above) liability insurance. Also, unless the volunteer's duties are not very meticulously defined and monitored, and the alleged tort occurs strictly in the scope of those duties, there's no shield at all -- plus the litigated action must not involve a motor vehicle / aircraft / vessel requiring an operator's licence, nor may the volunteer be in violation of any state or Federal law, else again there's no shield at all. (On the bright side, it's completely false, as often alleged, that the volunteer must be a member of the group, to be covered: In fact, the Act clearly states that a volunteer may be anyone who performs defined services for a qualifying group and receives no compensation for that labour.)</item>
</itemize>
@ -1507,7 +1481,7 @@ Have fun!
<sect1>Terms of use
<p>
Copyright (C) 2003-2007, Rick Moen. Copyright (C) 1997-1998 by Kendall Grant
Copyright (C) 2003-2013, Rick Moen. Copyright (C) 1997-1998 by Kendall Grant
Clark. This document may be distributed under the terms set forth
in the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 licence at <url
name="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"
@ -1606,10 +1580,12 @@ incorporate improvements. Re-sorted country coverage into alphabetical
order (a small gesture to further reduce US-centrism).</item>
<item>1.8.0: Corrected typos. Improved some markup. Expanded "Common Misconceptions Debunked" section to address recently popular errors about USA Volunteer Protection Act of 1997, civil liability, and IRS 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status. Linked directly to the Act and an analysis page. Furnished links for <it>Non-Lawyers' Non-Profit Corporation Kit</it>, for <it>DistroWatch Weekly</it>, and for the Raymond quotation.</item>
<item>1.8.1: Banished more typos. (I blame society.)</item>
<item>1.8.2: Added more CPU ports. APCUG changed Web sites. Linux India's LUG list, lugww.counter.li.org, Red Hat Army of Friends, LUG Webring, O'Reilly LinuxGroups, and LINUX For You Magazine (of India) LUG List vanished. IDG moved the Raymond article (again). LinuxFocus was revived via a CMS. NewsForge was shut down by The Company Formerly Known as VA Linux. Linux International Development Grant Fund program vanished. Project Gutenberg moved to its own domain. Colorado Linux Users and Enthusiasts moved. Added mention of IRS e-Postcard for 501(c) non-profits. Add linux-delhi.org. Add New Zealand Linux Resource. Add Project Runeberg.
<item>1.8.2: Added more CPU ports. APCUG changed Web sites. Linux India's LUG list, lugww.counter.li.org, Red Hat Army of Friends, LUG Webring, O'Reilly LinuxGroups, and LINUX For You Magazine (of India) LUG List vanished. IDG moved the Raymond article (again). LinuxFocus was revived via a CMS. NewsForge was shut down by The Company Formerly Known as VA Linux. Linux International Development Grant Fund program vanished. Project Gutenberg moved to its own domain. Colorado Linux Users and Enthusiasts moved. Added mention of IRS e-Postcard for 501(c) non-profits. Added Linux Users Group - Delhi. Added New Zealand Linux Resource. Added Project Runeberg.</item>
<item>1.8.3: Replacement ARM Linux Web site. New URLs for many embedded and other systems. SoftBlaze renamed to PetaLinux.a LUGs WorldWide Project, Linux Online -- User Groups, LinuxHQ User Groups, and New Zealand Linux Resource vanished. Free Software Foundation GNU Users Groups got moved/renamed to LibrePlanet Group List. New URLs for LinuxFormat and LinuxCounter. PingoS e.V. vanished (though its SelfLinux project for hypertext tutorials in the German language persists). Linux User Group of Singapore, St. Petersburg Linux User Group, and Svenska Linuxforeningen folded.</item>
</itemize>
<sect1>Acknowledgements
<p>