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LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Installation-HOWTO.sgml
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
<title>The Linux Installation HOWTO
<author>by Eric S. Raymond
<date>v4.22, 19 January 2000
<date>v4.23, 15 May 2000
<abstract>
This document describes how to obtain and install Linux software.
@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ started.
<sect1> Purpose of this document
<p>
Linux is a freely-distributable implementation of Unix for
inexpensive personal machines (it was developed on 386s, and now
supports 486, 586, Pentium, PowerPC, Sun Sparc and DEC Alpha
hardware). It supports a wide range of software, including X
Windows, Emacs, TCP/IP networking (including SLIP), and many
applications.
Linux is a freely-distributable implementation of Unix for inexpensive
personal machines (it was developed on 386s, and now supports 486, 586,
Pentium, PowerPC, Sun Sparc, ARM and DEC Alpha hardware, and even the IBM
System 390 mainframe!). It supports a wide range of software, including X
Windows, Emacs, TCP/IP networking (including SLIP), and many applications.
This document assumes that you have heard of and know about Linux,
and now want to get it running. It focuses on the Intel
@ -133,16 +132,14 @@ reliability or performance requirements, these integrators provide
a valuable service by making sure you won't get hardware that's
flaky or dies two days out of the box.
There are several firms of this kind (and I'll list them here as I
learn more about them). The only such outfit I know about
personally is <url name="VA Research"
url="http://www.varesearch.com">. These good people build
high-end, high quality Linux workstations with a nifty
Tux-the-penguin logo on the front. They have intimate ties to the
Linux community (the <url name="Debian project"
url="http://www.debian.org"> lives on a machine in their back
room, Linus owns one of their boxes, and they even throw resources
at your humble HOWTO maintainer occasionally).
There are several firms of this kind (and I'll list them here as I learn
more about them). The only such outfit I know about personally is <url
name="VA Research" url="http://www.varesearch.com">; in 1998 I became a
mrmber of VA's Board of Directors. VA builds high-end, high quality Linux
workstations with a nifty Tux-the-penguin logo on the front. They have
intimate ties to the Linux community; SourceForge, the GNU site, and the
Debian project all live on a machine in their back room, and Linus's
personal machine is one of their boxes.
For those of us without a champagne budget, the rest of this
HOWTO is about how to install Linux yourself.
@ -584,7 +581,7 @@ Even if they are not directly applicable to your system, they will
help you understand the issues involved.
<bf/NOTE:/ Some Linuxes will install to a directory on your MS-DOS
partition. (This is different than installing FROM an MS-DOS
partition. (This is different than installing <emph/from/ an MS-DOS
partition.) Instead, you use the ``UMSDOS filesystem'', which
allows you to treat a directory of your MS-DOS partition as a Linux
filesystem. In this way, you don't have to repartition your drive.
@ -626,31 +623,42 @@ system (known as <tt/D:/ to MS-DOS). You simply specify the
appropriate device name when creating Linux partitions. This is
described in detail below.
Back to repartitioning your drive: The problem with resizing
partitions is that there is no way to do it (easily) without
deleting the data on those partitions. Therefore, you will need to
make a full backup of your system before repartitioning. In order
to resize a partition, we simply delete the partition(s), and
re-create them with smaller sizes.
Back to repartitioning your drive. It used to be that there was no way to
resize partitions without destroying the data on them. Nowadays there are
partitioning utilities that can resize non-destructively; they know about
the structure of file systems, can find the free space on a file system,
and can move file data around on the partition to move free space where it
needs to be in order for a resize to work properly. It's still suggested
that you make a full backup before using one of these, in case of program
or human error.
<bf/NOTE:/ There is a non-destructive disk repartitioner available
for MS-DOS, called FIPS. Look at <url
url="http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/install">. With FIPS, a
disk optimizer (such as Norton Speed Disk), and a little bit of
luck, you should be able to resize MS-DOS partitions without
destroying the data on them. It's still suggested that you make a
full backup before attempting this.
Under Linux <url url="http://www.gnu.org/software/parted" name="GNU
parted"> allows you to create, destroy, resize and copy partitions. It
supports ext2, FAT16, and FAT32 filesystems, Linux swap devices; it also
knows about MS-DOS disk labels. Parted is useful for creating space for new
operating systems, reorganising disk usage, copying data between hard
disks, and disk imaging. It is relatively new code, but is reported to
work well and not trash data.
If you're not using FIPS, however, the classic way to modify
partitions is with the program FDISK. For example, let's say
that you have an 80 meg hard drive, dedicated to MS-DOS. You'd like
to split it in half---40 megs for MS-DOS and 40 megs for Linux. In
order to do this, you run FDISK under MS-DOS, delete the 80
meg MS-DOS partition, and re-create a 40 meg MS-DOS partition in
its place. You can then format the new partition and reinstall your
MS-DOS software from backups. 40 megabytes of the drive is left
empty. Later, you create Linux partitions on the unused portion of
the drive.
There is a non-destructive disk repartitioner available for MS-DOS, called
FIPS. Look at <url
url="http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/install">. With FIPS, a disk
optimizer (such as Norton Speed Disk), and a little bit of luck, you should
be able to resize MS-DOS partitions without destroying the data on them.
The older method of resizing a partition, if you don't have one of these
resizing partition editors available, is to delete the partition(s), and
re-create them with smaller sizes. If you use this method, you absolutely
must make a backup in order to save any of your data.
The classic way to modify partitions is with the program FDISK. For
example, let's say that you have an 80 meg hard drive, dedicated to
MS-DOS. You'd like to split it in half---40 megs for MS-DOS and 40 megs for
Linux. In order to do this, you run FDISK under MS-DOS, delete the 80 meg
MS-DOS partition, and re-create a 40 meg MS-DOS partition in its place. You
can then format the new partition and reinstall your MS-DOS software from
backups. 40 megabytes of the drive is left empty. Later, you create Linux
partitions on the unused portion of the drive.
In short, you should do the following to resize MS-DOS partitions
with FDISK:
@ -797,12 +805,6 @@ But in today's regime of very cheap, very large hard disks these
complications seem less and less necessary for your first Linux
installation. For your first time, especially, keep it simple.
Under Linux, several tools are available to edit partitions. One probably
worth checking out is <url url="http://www.gnu.org/software/parted"
name="GNU parted">. The documentation says it can resize partitions
without destroying the data on them, but proceed with care and make
backups anyway.
<sect1> Booting the installation disk
<p>
The first step is to boot the bootdisk you generated. Normally
@ -1408,12 +1410,8 @@ David Shao &lt;dshao@best.com&gt;.
The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS
Local Variables:
fill-column:75
compile-command: "mail -s \"HOWTO update\" ldp-submit@lists.linuxdoc.org <Installation-HOWTO.sgml"
End:
End:
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