mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
updated
This commit is contained in:
parent
d167ec1113
commit
d0e79a79ac
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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||||
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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||||
"http://docbook.org/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
|
||||
<!ENTITY legal SYSTEM "legal.xml">
|
||||
|
@ -15,16 +15,15 @@
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|||
<!ENTITY appendix-a SYSTEM "appendix-a.xml">
|
||||
<!ENTITY license SYSTEM "fdl.xml">
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||||
]>
|
||||
|
||||
<book>
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||||
|
||||
<title>Pocket Linux Guide</title>
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||||
|
||||
<bookinfo>
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||||
|
||||
<author>
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||||
<firstname>David</firstname>
|
||||
|
||||
<surname>Horton</surname>
|
||||
|
||||
<affiliation>
|
||||
<address>
|
||||
<email>dhorton<AT>NOSPAM.member.fsf.org</email>
|
||||
|
@ -33,71 +32,124 @@
|
|||
</author>
|
||||
|
||||
<revhistory>
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>3.1</revnumber>
|
||||
|
||||
<date>2005-04-09</date>
|
||||
|
||||
<authorinitials>DH</authorinitials>
|
||||
|
||||
<revremark>Minor clarifications and spelling corrections.</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>3.0</revnumber>
|
||||
|
||||
<date>2004-11-02</date>
|
||||
|
||||
<authorinitials>DH</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>Changed bootloader to GRUB rather than LILO. Updated versions on all source code packages. Made minor clarifications to some shell commands and scripts.</revremark>
|
||||
|
||||
<revremark>Changed bootloader to GRUB rather than LILO. Updated
|
||||
versions on all source code packages. Made minor clarifications to
|
||||
some shell commands and scripts.</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>2.1</revnumber>
|
||||
|
||||
<date>2004-02-18</date>
|
||||
|
||||
<authorinitials>DH</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>Corrected typos. Changed resource site hosting to SourceForge. Added appendix B to include the GNU Free Documentation License as part of this document.</revremark>
|
||||
|
||||
<revremark>Corrected typos. Changed resource site hosting to
|
||||
SourceForge. Added appendix B to include the GNU Free Documentation
|
||||
License as part of this document.</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>2.0</revnumber>
|
||||
|
||||
<date>2003-11-08</date>
|
||||
|
||||
<authorinitials>DH</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>Updated to use GNU coreutils in place of fileutils, sh-utils and textutils. Updated version numbers on many source code packages. Introduced Freshmeat as a resource for finding source code. Changed /etc/mtab to a real file rather than using a symlink to /proc/mounts. Corrected local_fs script errors. Updated email address.</revremark>
|
||||
|
||||
<revremark>Updated to use GNU coreutils in place of fileutils,
|
||||
sh-utils and textutils. Updated version numbers on many source code
|
||||
packages. Introduced Freshmeat as a resource for finding source code.
|
||||
Changed /etc/mtab to a real file rather than using a symlink to
|
||||
/proc/mounts. Corrected local_fs script errors. Updated email
|
||||
address.</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>1.2</revnumber>
|
||||
|
||||
<date>2003-05-31</date>
|
||||
|
||||
<authorinitials>DH</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>Corrected errors in "strip -o library" commands.</revremark>
|
||||
|
||||
<revremark>Corrected errors in "strip -o library"
|
||||
commands.</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
|
||||
|
||||
<date>2003-05-21</date>
|
||||
|
||||
<authorinitials>DH</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>Bug fixes, typo corrections and improved XML markup.</revremark>
|
||||
|
||||
<revremark>Bug fixes, typo corrections and improved XML
|
||||
markup.</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
|
||||
|
||||
<date>2003-02-17</date>
|
||||
|
||||
<authorinitials>DH</authorinitials>
|
||||
|
||||
<revremark>Initial Release, reviewed by LDP.</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
</revhistory>
|
||||
|
||||
<abstract>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The Pocket Linux Guide is for anyone interested in learning the techniques of building a GNU/Linux system from source code. The guide is structured as a project that builds a small diskette-based GNU/Linux system called Pocket Linux. Each chapter explores a small piece of the overall system explaining how it works, why it is needed and how to build it. After completing the Pocket Linux project, readers should possess an enhanced knowledge of what makes GNU/Linux systems work as well as the confidence to explore larger, more complex source-code-only projects.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>The Pocket Linux Guide is for anyone interested in learning the
|
||||
techniques of building a GNU/Linux system from source code. The guide is
|
||||
structured as a project that builds a small diskette-based GNU/Linux
|
||||
system called Pocket Linux. Each chapter explores a small piece of the
|
||||
overall system explaining how it works, why it is needed and how to
|
||||
build it. After completing the Pocket Linux project, readers should
|
||||
possess an enhanced knowledge of what makes GNU/Linux systems work as
|
||||
well as the confidence to explore larger, more complex source-code-only
|
||||
projects.</para>
|
||||
</abstract>
|
||||
|
||||
</bookinfo>
|
||||
|
||||
&legal;
|
||||
&intro;
|
||||
&initiation;
|
||||
&phase1;
|
||||
&phase2;
|
||||
&phase3;
|
||||
&phase4;
|
||||
&phase5;
|
||||
&phase6;
|
||||
&phase7;
|
||||
&wrap-up;
|
||||
&appendix-a;
|
||||
&license;
|
||||
|
||||
&intro;
|
||||
|
||||
&initiation;
|
||||
|
||||
&phase1;
|
||||
|
||||
&phase2;
|
||||
|
||||
&phase3;
|
||||
|
||||
&phase4;
|
||||
|
||||
&phase5;
|
||||
|
||||
&phase6;
|
||||
|
||||
&phase7;
|
||||
|
||||
&wrap-up;
|
||||
|
||||
&appendix-a;
|
||||
|
||||
&license;
|
||||
</book>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<appendix id="a">
|
||||
<title>Hosting Applications</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
|
|||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Mounting additional compressed floppies</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Mounting CD's and uncompressed diskettes is easy, but what about
|
||||
<para>Mounting CDs and uncompressed diskettes is easy, but what about
|
||||
loading compressed images from floppy into ramdisk? It will have to be
|
||||
done manually, because automatic mounting of compressed floppies only
|
||||
works for the root diskette. And using <command>mount
|
||||
|
@ -201,11 +201,11 @@
|
|||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>CD-ROM filesystem support</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>CD-ROM's have different filesystems than hard disks and
|
||||
floppies. Most CD burning applications use a filesystem called
|
||||
ISO-9660 and have the capability to support joliet or rockridge
|
||||
extensions. We will have to include support for these filesystems in
|
||||
the kernel in order to mount CD-ROM's.</para>
|
||||
<para>CD-ROMs have different filesystems than hard disks and floppies.
|
||||
Most CD burning applications use a filesystem called ISO-9660 and have
|
||||
the capability to support Joliet or Rockridge extensions. We will have
|
||||
to include support for these filesystems in the kernel in order to
|
||||
mount CD-ROMs.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -242,10 +242,9 @@
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Summary of tasks</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Between sound cards, ramdisks, CD-ROM's and terminfo there is
|
||||
quite a bit to keep track of. So let's take a moment to organize and
|
||||
summarize the tasks necessary to make the pocket jukebox a
|
||||
reality.</para>
|
||||
<para>Between sound cards, ramdisks, CD-ROMs and terminfo there is quite
|
||||
a bit to keep track of. So let's take a moment to organize and summarize
|
||||
the tasks necessary to make the pocket jukebox a reality.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
@ -256,7 +255,7 @@
|
|||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Create the appropriate <filename>/dev</filename> files on the
|
||||
root disk to support audio hardware, additional ramdisks and IDE
|
||||
CD-ROM's.</para>
|
||||
CD-ROMs.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
@ -419,7 +418,7 @@ if [ "$REPLY" = "y" ] || [ "$REPLY" = "Y" ]; then
|
|||
echo "Loading compressed image from /dev/fd0 into /dev/ram1..."
|
||||
(dd if=/dev/fd0 bs=1k | gunzip -cq) >/dev/ram1 2>/dev/null
|
||||
fsck -fp /dev/ram1
|
||||
if [ $(($?)) -gt $((1)) ]; then
|
||||
if [ $? -gt 1 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Filesystem errors on /dev/ram1! Manual intervention required."
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "Mounting /usr."
|
||||
|
@ -446,7 +445,7 @@ bash# umount /dev/ram7
|
|||
bash# dd if=/dev/ram7 of=~/phase8-image bs=1k
|
||||
bash# gzip -9 ~/phase8-image</programlisting></para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labeled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><programlisting>bash# dd if=~/phase8-image.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k</programlisting></para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
@ -466,7 +465,7 @@ bash# gzip -9 ~/phase8-image</programlisting></para>
|
|||
<para><programlisting>bash# mkdir ~/usr-staging
|
||||
bash# cd ~/usr-staging
|
||||
bash# mkdir bin lib
|
||||
bash# mkdir -p share/termcap/l</programlisting></para>
|
||||
bash# mkdir -p share/terminfo/l</programlisting></para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
|
@ -516,7 +515,7 @@ bash# umount /dev/ram7
|
|||
bash# dd if=/dev/ram7 of=~/mp3blaster-image bs=1k
|
||||
bash# gzip -9 ~/mp3blaster-image</programlisting></para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labled "mp3blaster" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labeled "mp3blaster" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><programlisting>bash# dd if=~/mp3blaster-image.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k</programlisting></para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
@ -525,7 +524,7 @@ bash# gzip -9 ~/mp3blaster-image</programlisting></para>
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Create a data diskette for testing</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Go to the internet site <ulink
|
||||
<para>Go to the Internet site <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.paul.sladen.org">http://www.paul.sladen.org</ulink> and
|
||||
download the mp3 file of Linus Torvalds pronouncing "Linux." The direct
|
||||
link is: <ulink
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,23 +1,26 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<appendix id="gfdl">
|
||||
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<subtitle>Version 1.2, November 2002</subtitle>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote id="fsf-copyright">
|
||||
<para>Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
|
||||
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
||||
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
|
||||
<para>Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59
|
||||
Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted
|
||||
to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but
|
||||
changing it is not allowed.</para>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-0"><title>PREAMBLE</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-0">
|
||||
<title>PREAMBLE</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
|
||||
other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
|
||||
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
|
||||
or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
|
||||
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
|
||||
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
|
||||
modifications made by others.</para>
|
||||
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
|
||||
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure
|
||||
everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or
|
||||
without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
|
||||
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit
|
||||
for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications
|
||||
made by others.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
|
||||
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
|
||||
|
@ -27,46 +30,47 @@ designed for free software.</para>
|
|||
<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
|
||||
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
|
||||
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
|
||||
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
|
||||
can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
|
||||
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
|
||||
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
|
||||
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can
|
||||
be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it
|
||||
is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
|
||||
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-1"><title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-1">
|
||||
<title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-doc">This License applies to any manual or other work, in
|
||||
any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying
|
||||
it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
|
||||
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use
|
||||
that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
|
||||
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
|
||||
licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
|
||||
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
|
||||
copyright law.</para>
|
||||
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
|
||||
and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or
|
||||
distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright
|
||||
law.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-mod-ver">A "Modified Version" of the Document means any
|
||||
work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim,
|
||||
or with modifications and/or translated into another language.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-secnd-sect">A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or
|
||||
a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-secnd-sect">A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a
|
||||
front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
|
||||
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
|
||||
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
|
||||
that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the
|
||||
Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may
|
||||
not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
|
||||
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
|
||||
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
|
||||
regarding them.</para>
|
||||
Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
|
||||
explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
|
||||
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
|
||||
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
||||
them.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-inv-sect">The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary
|
||||
Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant
|
||||
Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under
|
||||
this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
|
||||
Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The
|
||||
Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not
|
||||
identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.</para>
|
||||
Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
|
||||
License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then
|
||||
it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain
|
||||
zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
|
||||
Sections then there are none.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-cov-text">The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of
|
||||
text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
|
||||
|
@ -81,38 +85,36 @@ document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
|
|||
composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
|
||||
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
|
||||
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
|
||||
for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
|
||||
file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to
|
||||
thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
|
||||
Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
|
||||
substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called
|
||||
"Opaque".</para>
|
||||
for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
|
||||
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or
|
||||
discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image
|
||||
format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A
|
||||
copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
|
||||
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or
|
||||
XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
|
||||
PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
|
||||
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
|
||||
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
|
||||
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
|
||||
processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
|
||||
HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output
|
||||
purposes only.</para>
|
||||
PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
|
||||
image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
|
||||
formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
|
||||
SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
|
||||
available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
|
||||
some word processors for output purposes only.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-title-page">The "Title Page" means, for a printed book,
|
||||
the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-title-page">The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the
|
||||
title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,
|
||||
legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
|
||||
For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
|
||||
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's
|
||||
title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-entitled">A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit
|
||||
of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in
|
||||
parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language.
|
||||
(Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
|
||||
<para id="gfdl-entitled">A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of
|
||||
the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in
|
||||
parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here
|
||||
XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
|
||||
"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To
|
||||
"Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document
|
||||
means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
|
||||
"Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means
|
||||
that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
|
||||
definition.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
|
||||
|
@ -123,55 +125,54 @@ these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
|
|||
meaning of this License.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-2"><title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-2">
|
||||
<title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
||||
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
||||
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
|
||||
the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
|
||||
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
|
||||
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying
|
||||
of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
|
||||
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
|
||||
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
|
||||
notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
|
||||
Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
|
||||
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
|
||||
measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
|
||||
copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
|
||||
exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
|
||||
must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
|
||||
and you may publicly display copies.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-3"><title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-3">
|
||||
<title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
|
||||
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
|
||||
<para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
|
||||
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
|
||||
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
|
||||
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
|
||||
cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
|
||||
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
|
||||
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
|
||||
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
|
||||
to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
|
||||
satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
|
||||
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
|
||||
the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
|
||||
these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
|
||||
respects.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
||||
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
||||
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
|
||||
pages.</para>
|
||||
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably)
|
||||
on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
|
||||
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
|
||||
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each
|
||||
Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
|
||||
network-using public has access to download using public-standard
|
||||
network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of
|
||||
added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably
|
||||
prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity,
|
||||
to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the
|
||||
stated location until at least one year after the last time you
|
||||
distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers)
|
||||
of that edition to the public.</para>
|
||||
<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
|
||||
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
|
||||
along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
|
||||
computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
|
||||
access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
|
||||
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
|
||||
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
|
||||
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
|
||||
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
|
||||
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
|
||||
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
|
||||
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
|
||||
|
@ -179,110 +180,143 @@ give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
|
|||
Document.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-4"><title>MODIFICATIONS</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-4">
|
||||
<title>MODIFICATIONS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
|
||||
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
|
||||
release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
|
||||
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
|
||||
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
|
||||
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
|
||||
Modified Version:</para>
|
||||
<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
|
||||
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
|
||||
Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
|
||||
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
|
||||
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
|
||||
addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<orderedlist id="gfdl-modif-cond" numeration="upperalpha">
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a
|
||||
title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
|
||||
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
|
||||
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
|
||||
section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous
|
||||
version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more
|
||||
persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
|
||||
the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
|
||||
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer
|
||||
than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of
|
||||
the Modified Version, as the publisher.</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
|
||||
modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
|
||||
license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
|
||||
Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
|
||||
<link linkend="gfdl-addendum">Addendum</link> below.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
|
||||
Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
|
||||
license notice.</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its
|
||||
Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
|
||||
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
|
||||
Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document,
|
||||
create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
|
||||
Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
|
||||
Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
|
||||
Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
|
||||
likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
|
||||
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
|
||||
section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
|
||||
published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
|
||||
original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or
|
||||
"Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
|
||||
section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
|
||||
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
|
||||
version if the original publisher of that version gives
|
||||
permission.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
|
||||
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
|
||||
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors
|
||||
of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than
|
||||
five), unless they release you from this requirement.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
|
||||
Modified Version, as the publisher.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
|
||||
adjacent to the other copyright notices.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
|
||||
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under
|
||||
the terms of this License, in the form shown in the <link
|
||||
linkend="gfdl-addendum">Addendum</link> below.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
|
||||
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
|
||||
notice.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
|
||||
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors,
|
||||
and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
|
||||
there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
|
||||
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
|
||||
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
||||
Version as stated in the previous sentence.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
|
||||
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
|
||||
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it
|
||||
was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may
|
||||
omit a network location for a work that was published at least four
|
||||
years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the
|
||||
version it refers to gives permission.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
|
||||
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
|
||||
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
|
||||
dedications given therein.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
|
||||
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
|
||||
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".
|
||||
Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
|
||||
"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><simpara>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
|
||||
</simpara></listitem>
|
||||
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
|
||||
may not be included in the Modified Version.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
|
||||
"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
|
||||
Section.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<simpara>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</simpara>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
|
||||
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
|
||||
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
|
||||
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
|
||||
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
|
||||
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
|
||||
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of
|
||||
these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of
|
||||
Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles
|
||||
must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it
|
||||
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
||||
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
||||
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
||||
standard.</para>
|
||||
<para>You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
|
||||
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for
|
||||
example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by
|
||||
an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
|
||||
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the
|
||||
list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
|
||||
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
|
||||
arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes
|
||||
a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
|
||||
arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may
|
||||
not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission
|
||||
from the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>
|
||||
<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and
|
||||
a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
|
||||
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover
|
||||
Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements
|
||||
made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for
|
||||
the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
|
||||
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
|
||||
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
|
||||
that added the old one.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
|
||||
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
|
||||
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
|
||||
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert
|
||||
or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-5"><title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-5">
|
||||
<title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released under
|
||||
this License, under the terms defined in <link linkend="gfdl-4">section
|
||||
|
@ -293,22 +327,23 @@ combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
|
|||
Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
||||
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
||||
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
||||
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
|
||||
at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
|
||||
publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the
|
||||
same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections
|
||||
in the license notice of the combined work.</para>
|
||||
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy.
|
||||
If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
|
||||
contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end
|
||||
of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of
|
||||
that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment
|
||||
to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license
|
||||
notice of the combined work.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
|
||||
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
|
||||
Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
|
||||
"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must
|
||||
delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".</para>
|
||||
<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
|
||||
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History";
|
||||
likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
|
||||
sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled
|
||||
"Endorsements".</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-6"><title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-6">
|
||||
<title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
|
||||
documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies
|
||||
|
@ -318,106 +353,107 @@ License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
|
|||
respects.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
|
||||
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
|
||||
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
|
||||
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
|
||||
document.</para>
|
||||
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy
|
||||
of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in
|
||||
all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-7"><title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-7">
|
||||
<title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
|
||||
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
|
||||
storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
|
||||
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal
|
||||
rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works
|
||||
permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
|
||||
not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
|
||||
derivative works of the Document.</para>
|
||||
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
|
||||
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
||||
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting
|
||||
from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
|
||||
compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the
|
||||
Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the
|
||||
other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of
|
||||
the Document.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
|
||||
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
|
||||
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
|
||||
that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
|
||||
equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise
|
||||
they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
|
||||
aggregate.</para>
|
||||
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the
|
||||
entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that
|
||||
bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of
|
||||
covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
|
||||
on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-8"><title>TRANSLATION</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-8">
|
||||
<title>TRANSLATION</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
||||
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
|
||||
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
|
||||
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
||||
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
|
||||
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
||||
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
|
||||
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
|
||||
the original English version of this License and the original versions
|
||||
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the
|
||||
translation and the original version of this License or a notice or
|
||||
disclaimer, the original version will prevail.</para>
|
||||
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission
|
||||
from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or
|
||||
all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
|
||||
Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all
|
||||
the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers,
|
||||
provided that you also include the original English version of this
|
||||
License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In
|
||||
case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of
|
||||
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
|
||||
prevail.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
|
||||
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its
|
||||
Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
|
||||
title.</para>
|
||||
Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-9"><title>TERMINATION</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-9">
|
||||
<title>TERMINATION</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
|
||||
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt
|
||||
to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
|
||||
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
|
||||
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License
|
||||
will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain
|
||||
in full compliance.</para>
|
||||
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
|
||||
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
|
||||
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
|
||||
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not
|
||||
have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
|
||||
compliance.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-10"><title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-10">
|
||||
<title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
|
||||
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
|
||||
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
|
||||
detail to address new problems or concerns. See
|
||||
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail
|
||||
to address new problems or concerns. See
|
||||
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
|
||||
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of
|
||||
this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option
|
||||
of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version
|
||||
or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
||||
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
||||
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</para>
|
||||
this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
|
||||
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
|
||||
any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
|
||||
Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
|
||||
this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
|
||||
by the Free Software Foundation.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-addendum"><title>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for
|
||||
your documents</title>
|
||||
<section id="gfdl-addendum">
|
||||
<title>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy
|
||||
of the License in the document and put the following copyright and
|
||||
license notices just after the title page:</para>
|
||||
of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
|
||||
notices just after the title page:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote id="copyright-sample"><para>
|
||||
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
|
||||
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||||
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
||||
Free Documentation License".
|
||||
</para></blockquote>
|
||||
<blockquote id="copyright-sample">
|
||||
<para>Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy,
|
||||
distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
|
||||
Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover
|
||||
Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
|
||||
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".</para>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
|
||||
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote id="inv-cover-sample"><para>
|
||||
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
|
||||
</para></blockquote>
|
||||
<blockquote id="inv-cover-sample">
|
||||
<para>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
|
||||
LIST.</para>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
|
||||
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
|
||||
|
@ -425,7 +461,7 @@ situation.</para>
|
|||
|
||||
<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
||||
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
|
||||
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
|
||||
their use in free software.</para>
|
||||
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
|
||||
use in free software.</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</appendix>
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="initiation">
|
||||
<title>Project Initiation</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<preface>
|
||||
<title>Introduction</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,29 +1,35 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<preface
|
||||
id="legal"
|
||||
><title
|
||||
>Legal Information</title
|
||||
><sect1
|
||||
id="copyright"
|
||||
><title
|
||||
>Copyright and License</title
|
||||
><para
|
||||
> This document, <emphasis
|
||||
>Pocket Linux Guide</emphasis
|
||||
>, is copyrighted (c) 2003 - 2004 by <emphasis
|
||||
>David Horton</emphasis
|
||||
>. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is available at the end of this document. </para
|
||||
><para
|
||||
>Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. </para
|
||||
></sect1
|
||||
><sect1
|
||||
id="disclaimer"
|
||||
><title
|
||||
>Disclaimer</title
|
||||
><para
|
||||
>This documentation is provided as-is with no warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Use the concepts, examples and information at your own risk. The author(s) do not take any responsibility for damages that may arise from the use of this document. </para
|
||||
><para
|
||||
>All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements. </para
|
||||
></sect1
|
||||
></preface
|
||||
>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<preface id="legal">
|
||||
<title>Legal Information</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="copyright">
|
||||
<title>Copyright and License</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para> This document, <emphasis>Pocket Linux Guide</emphasis>, is
|
||||
copyright (c) 2003 - 2005 by <emphasis>David Horton</emphasis>. Permission
|
||||
is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms
|
||||
of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
|
||||
published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
|
||||
with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the
|
||||
license is available at the end of this document. </para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. </para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="disclaimer">
|
||||
<title>Disclaimer</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This documentation is provided as-is with no warranty of any kind,
|
||||
either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied
|
||||
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Use
|
||||
the concepts, examples and information at your own risk. The author(s) do
|
||||
not take any responsibility for damages that may arise from the use of
|
||||
this document. </para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless
|
||||
specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be
|
||||
regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
|
||||
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as
|
||||
endorsements. </para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</preface>
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="phase1">
|
||||
<title>A Simple Prototype</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
|
|||
complex architecture than its predecessor. Late generation chips have
|
||||
additional registers and instructions when compared to an older 486 or
|
||||
386. So a kernel optimized for a new, fast 6x86 machine will not run on
|
||||
an older boxes. (See the <filename>README</filename> file in the Linux
|
||||
an older box. (See the <filename>README</filename> file in the Linux
|
||||
kernel source code for details.) A BASH shell built for a 6x86 will
|
||||
probably not run on an older processor either. To avoid this problem, we
|
||||
can choose the 386 as a lowest common denominator CPU and build all the
|
||||
|
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
|
|||
<title>Construction</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In this section, we will be building the actual boot disk and root
|
||||
disk floppies. Lines preceeded by <prompt>bash#</prompt> indicate a shell
|
||||
disk floppies. Lines preceded by <prompt>bash#</prompt> indicate a shell
|
||||
command and lines starting with <prompt>grub></prompt> indicate a
|
||||
command typed within the grub shell.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="phase2">
|
||||
<title>Saving Space</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="phase3">
|
||||
<title>Some Basic Utilities</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Write the root disk image to floppy</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labeled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><programlisting><prompt>bash#</prompt> dd if=~/phase3-image.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k</programlisting></para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
@ -281,7 +281,7 @@
|
|||
filesystem.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Sytem startup</title>
|
||||
<title>System startup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Follow these steps to get the system running.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="phase4">
|
||||
<title>Checking and Mounting Disks</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -109,8 +109,8 @@
|
|||
using a Second Extended filesystem, called ext2 for short, we can refine
|
||||
the search using "ext2" as a keyword. Supplying both keywords to the LSM
|
||||
search engine comes up with a package called e2fsprogs. Looking at the
|
||||
LSM entry for e2fsprogs we find out that package contains the utilities
|
||||
<command>e2fsck</command>, <command>mke2fs</command>,
|
||||
LSM entry for e2fsprogs we find out that this package contains the
|
||||
utilities <command>e2fsck</command>, <command>mke2fs</command>,
|
||||
<command>dumpe2fs</command>, <command>fsck</command> and more. We also
|
||||
find out that the LSM entry for e2fsprogs has not been updated for a
|
||||
while. There is almost certainly a newer version out there somewhere.
|
||||
|
@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ fi
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Write the root disk image to floppy</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labeled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><programlisting><prompt>bash#</prompt> dd if=~/phase4-image.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k</programlisting></para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ fi
|
|||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Boot the PC using the floppy labled "boot disk".</para>
|
||||
<para>Boot the PC using the floppy labeled "boot disk".</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="phase5">
|
||||
<title>Automating Startup & Shutdown</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -70,8 +70,8 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>Be sure to type the <filename>menu.lst</filename> filename
|
||||
correctly with a lowercase L after the dot and not a number one.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
correctly with a lowercase L after the dot and not a number
|
||||
one.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To automate system start-up we will need an init daemon. We know
|
||||
|
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
|
|||
<title>Outlining start-up scripts</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Many of the popular GNU/Linux distributions use System V style
|
||||
init scripts. Since we are using a "sysvinit" daemon it makes since to
|
||||
init scripts. Since we are using a "sysvinit" daemon it makes sense to
|
||||
use System V style scripts as well. The following documents all touch
|
||||
upon the System V style init scripts in some way and will serve as
|
||||
references when building the scripts for this project:</para>
|
||||
|
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
|
|||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Write an <filename>rc</filename> script that use the runlevel
|
||||
<para>Write an <filename>rc</filename> script that uses the runlevel
|
||||
argument to execute the appropriate "K" and "S" scripts.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Create a GRUB configuration file</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Insert and mount the floppy labled "boot disk".</para>
|
||||
<para>Insert and mount the floppy labeled "boot disk".</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting><prompt>bash#</prompt> mount /dev/fd0 /mnt
|
||||
<prompt>bash#</prompt> cd /mnt/boot/grub</programlisting>
|
||||
|
@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ if [ -d $SCRIPT_DIR ]; then
|
|||
#
|
||||
# Execute the kill scripts first.
|
||||
for SCRIPT in $SCRIPT_DIR/K*; do
|
||||
if [ -x "$SCRIPT" ]; then
|
||||
if [ -x $SCRIPT ]; then
|
||||
$SCRIPT stop;
|
||||
fi;
|
||||
done;
|
||||
|
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ fi
|
|||
<title>Modify /etc/init.d/local_fs script</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A case statement is added to allow the script to either mount or
|
||||
dismount local filesystems depending on the command-line argument given.
|
||||
unmount local filesystems depending on the command-line argument given.
|
||||
The original script is contained inside the "start" portion of the case
|
||||
statement. The "stop" portion is new.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ case $1 in
|
|||
start)
|
||||
echo "Checking local filesystem integrity."
|
||||
fsck -ATCp
|
||||
if [ $(($?)) -gt $((1)) ]; then
|
||||
if [ $? -gt 1 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Filesystem errors still exist! Manual intervention required."
|
||||
/bin/sh
|
||||
else
|
||||
|
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ reboot
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Copy the image to diskette</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labeled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><programlisting><prompt>bash#</prompt> dd if=~/phase5-image.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k</programlisting></para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ reboot
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>System Startup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Boot the PC using the floppy labled "boot disk". Place the
|
||||
<para>Boot the PC using the floppy labeled "boot disk". Place the
|
||||
recently created root disk in fd0 when prompted. The output should
|
||||
resemble the example below:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -512,7 +512,6 @@ INIT: Sending processes the TERM signal
|
|||
Terminated
|
||||
INIT: Sending processes the KILL signal
|
||||
Unmounting local filesystems.
|
||||
Remounting / as read-only.
|
||||
Initiating system halt.
|
||||
System halted.</screen></para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="phase6">
|
||||
<title>Enabling Multiple Users</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -94,9 +94,9 @@
|
|||
construct. It can contain any text we want displayed on the screen
|
||||
prior to the login prompt. It could be something friendly like
|
||||
"Welcome to Pocket Linux", something menacing like "Authorized users
|
||||
only!" or it something informational like "Connected to tty1 at
|
||||
9600bps". The agetty(8) manpage explains how to display information
|
||||
like tty line and baud rate using escape codes.</para>
|
||||
only!" or something informational like "Connected to tty1 at 9600bps".
|
||||
The agetty(8) manpage explains how to display information like tty
|
||||
line and baud rate using escape codes.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
|
@ -164,19 +164,23 @@
|
|||
<title>Dependencies</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Running <command>ldd</command> on the <filename>login</filename>
|
||||
program from util-linux will reveal that it is linked to the library
|
||||
<filename>libcrypt.so.1</filename>. In addition to libcrypt, there is
|
||||
another, less obvious library dependency on
|
||||
<filename>libnss_files.so.2</filename> and the configuration file
|
||||
<filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename>. The name service switch library
|
||||
program from util-linux will reveal that it is linked to the libraries
|
||||
<filename>libcrypt.so.1</filename>, <filename>libc.so.6</filename> and
|
||||
<filename>ld-linux.so.2</filename>. In addition to these libraries there
|
||||
is another, unseen dependency on <filename>libnss_files.so.2</filename>
|
||||
and the configuration file
|
||||
<filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The name service switch library
|
||||
<filename>libnss_files.so.2</filename> and
|
||||
<filename>nsswitch.conf</filename> are required for the login program to
|
||||
access the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. Without libnss and its
|
||||
<filename>nsswitch.conf</filename> are required for
|
||||
<filename>libc.so.6</filename>, and consequently the
|
||||
<filename>login</filename> program, to access the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. Without libnss and its
|
||||
configuration file, all logins will mysteriously fail. More information
|
||||
about the name service switch libraries can be found by searching the
|
||||
libc info page for the keyword "nss". The same information is also
|
||||
available online at <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html">http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
about glibc's use of the name service switch libraries can be found at
|
||||
<ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Name-Service-Switch.html">http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Name-Service-Switch.html</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
|
@ -356,8 +360,8 @@ bash# strip --strip-unneeded ~/staging/lib/*</programlisting></para>
|
|||
<para>Set minimal privileges on all files and directories under
|
||||
<filename>~/staging</filename>. Everything is owned by the root user and
|
||||
the root group. Permissions are read-write for the owner and read-only
|
||||
for the group. Exceptions to the blanket permissions are handled
|
||||
case-by-case.</para>
|
||||
for the group. Exceptions to the blanket permissions are handled case by
|
||||
case.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><programlisting><prompt>bash#</prompt> cd ~/staging
|
||||
<prompt>bash#</prompt> chown -R 0:0 ~/staging/*
|
||||
|
@ -432,7 +436,7 @@ bash# strip --strip-unneeded ~/staging/lib/*</programlisting></para>
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Copy the image to diskette</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labeled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><programlisting><prompt>bash#</prompt> dd if=~/phase6-image.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k</programlisting></para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="phase7">
|
||||
<title>Filling in the Gaps</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -84,9 +84,9 @@
|
|||
everything in. So, in order to have a <command>more</command> command we
|
||||
will have to get creative.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <command>more</command> command is used to display a file
|
||||
page-by-page. It's a little like having a <command>cat</command> command
|
||||
that pauses every twenty-five lines. The basic logic is outlined
|
||||
<para>The <command>more</command> command is used to display a file page
|
||||
by page. It's a little like having a <command>cat</command> command that
|
||||
pauses every twenty-five lines. The basic logic is outlined
|
||||
below.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
|
|||
#
|
||||
# Assume input is coming from STDIN unless a valid file is given as
|
||||
# a command-line argument.
|
||||
if [ -f "$1" ]; then
|
||||
if [ -f $1 ]; then
|
||||
INPUT="$1"
|
||||
else
|
||||
INPUT="/dev/stdin"
|
||||
|
@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ bash# mknod -m644 ~/staging/dev/zero c 1 5</programlisting></para>
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Copy the image to diskette</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
<para>Insert the diskette labeled "root disk" into drive fd0.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><programlisting><prompt>bash#</prompt> dd if=~/phase7-image.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k</programlisting></para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<chapter id="wrap-up">
|
||||
<title>Project Wrap Up</title>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue