mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
updated
This commit is contained in:
parent
17019908e5
commit
c24861b992
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@ -1807,7 +1807,7 @@ Linux, using GNU CC and nlmconv(1) from GNU binutils. </Para>
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Online-Troubleshooting-HOWTO</ULink>,
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<CiteTitle>Online Troubleshooting Resources HOWTO</CiteTitle>
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</Para><Para>
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<CiteTitle>Updated: July 2000</CiteTitle>.
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<CiteTitle>Updated: March 2002</CiteTitle>.
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Directs Linux users to resources available on the Internet that
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provide access to a vast amount of Linux-related information useful
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in troubleshooting problems. </Para>
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|
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@ -1573,20 +1573,12 @@ takes place in the Linux world of development. </Para>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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<ULINK URL="../mini/Upgrade.html">
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<ULINK URL="../mini/Upgrade/index.html">
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Upgrade</ULink>, <CiteTitle>
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Upgrading Your linux Distribution mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
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</Para><Para>
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<inlinemediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="../images/archived.gif">
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</imageobject>
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<textobject>
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<phrase>[ Archived ]</phrase>
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</textobject>
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</inlinemediaobject>
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<CiteTitle>
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Updated: June 1996</CiteTitle>.
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Updated: March 2002</CiteTitle>.
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Hints and tips on upgrading from one linux distribution to another. </Para>
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</ListItem>
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@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ and need help. </Para>
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Online-Troubleshooting-HOWTO</ULink>,
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<CiteTitle>Online Troubleshooting Resources HOWTO</CiteTitle>
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</Para><Para>
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<CiteTitle>Updated: July 2000</CiteTitle>.
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<CiteTitle>Updated: March 2002</CiteTitle>.
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Directs Linux users to resources available on the Internet that
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provide access to a vast amount of Linux-related information useful
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in troubleshooting problems. </Para>
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|
|
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@ -385,20 +385,12 @@ How to share your Linux swap partition with Windows. </Para>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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<ULINK URL="../mini/Upgrade.html">
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<ULINK URL="../mini/Upgrade/index.html">
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Upgrade</ULink>, <CiteTitle>
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Upgrading Your linux Distribution mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
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</Para><Para>
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<inlinemediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="../images/archived.gif">
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</imageobject>
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<textobject>
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<phrase>[ Archived ]</phrase>
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</textobject>
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</inlinemediaobject>
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<CiteTitle>
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Updated: June 1996</CiteTitle>.
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Updated: March 2002</CiteTitle>.
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Hints and tips on upgrading from one linux distribution to another. </Para>
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</ListItem>
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@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
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]>
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<!-- Changelog -->
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<!-- 1.1 Added Geocrawler.com to Mailing List Section.Convert to DocBook -->
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<!-- 1.2 Added "Introduction to Unix" to Unix section -->
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<!-- 1.3 Update -->
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<!-- 1.1 Added Geocrawler.com to Mailing List Section.Convert to DocBook (HM) -->
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<!-- 1.2 Added "Introduction to Unix" to Unix section (HM) -->
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<!-- 1.3 Update (HM) -->
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<!-- 1.4 Update (JPG) -->
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<article>
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@ -21,12 +22,24 @@
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<author>
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<firstname>Howard</firstname>
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<surname>Mann</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address><email>howardm@xmission.com</email></address>
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</affiliation>
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<authorblurb>
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<para>
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<ulink url="mailto:howardm@xmission.com">howardm@xmission.com</ulink>
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</para>
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</authorblurb>
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</author>
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<releaseinfo>v 1.3 July 24, 2000</releaseinfo>
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<author>
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<firstname>Jean-Philippe</firstname>
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<surname>Guérard</surname>
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<authorblurb>
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<para>
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<ulink url="mailto:jean-philippe.guerard@laposte.net">jean-philippe.guerard@laposte.net</ulink>
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</para>
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</authorblurb>
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</author>
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<releaseinfo>v 1.4 March 4, 2002</releaseinfo>
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<abstract>
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<para>
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|
@ -47,29 +60,29 @@ know pleasant and reliably efficacious the latter stratagem is. Unfortunately,
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this is the norm in the sphere of commercial proprietary products. </para>
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<para>In contradistinction, Linux, and related distributions, utilities and
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applications software, has largely been developed according to the <ulink
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applications software, has largely been developed according to the <ulink
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url="http://www.opensource.org" >Open Source</ulink> model, wherein developers
|
||||
have used electronic communication over the Internet - typically in the form of
|
||||
publically-accessible Mailing Lists- to collaborate with their peers in the
|
||||
refinement of the associated source code. Such collaboration has also
|
||||
traditionally involved the online publication of user's manuals, lists of
|
||||
Frequently-Asked-Questions ( FAQ's ) , knowledge bases, release notes, formal
|
||||
guides such as this document (HOWTO's) and tutorials. In addition, users often
|
||||
assist others through the forum of Usenet and other newsgroups and the posted
|
||||
messages are readily accessible in the form of searchable archives. These
|
||||
linux-related newsgroups are renowned for their high level of user
|
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participation. In significant measure, Linux may be considered a product of the
|
||||
Internet.</para>
|
||||
have used electronic communication over the Internet - typically in the form of
|
||||
publically-accessible Mailing Lists - to collaborate with their peers in
|
||||
the refinement of the associated source code. Such collaboration has
|
||||
also traditionally involved the online publication of user's manuals,
|
||||
lists of Frequently-Asked-Questions (FAQ's), knowledge bases, release
|
||||
notes, formal guides such as this document (HOWTO's) and tutorials. In
|
||||
addition, users often assist others through the forum of Usenet and
|
||||
other newsgroups and the posted messages are readily accessible in the
|
||||
form of searchable archives. These linux-related newsgroups are renowned
|
||||
for their high level of user participation. In significant measure,
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Linux may be considered a product of the Internet.</para>
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|
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<para>Considered together, these resources enable access to a large,
|
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ever-expanding factual database, and my intent is to encourage and direct the
|
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reader to utilize these repositories when faced with an issue not addressed in
|
||||
the documentation that is included with each distribution of Linux. Linux
|
||||
veterans who assist newcomers through the forum of Usenet soon become aware of
|
||||
the frequency with which certain technical questions are repeatedly posted -
|
||||
questions the answers to which are readily available in one or more of the
|
||||
veterans who assist newcomers through the forum of Usenet soon become aware of
|
||||
the frequency with which certain technical questions are repeatedly posted -
|
||||
questions the answers to which are readily available in one or more of the
|
||||
existent online repositories. So, to diminish the likelihood of being "flamed"
|
||||
in response to your posted question on Usenet or irc , read further!</para>
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||||
in response to your posted question on Usenet or irc , read further!</para>
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||||
|
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<para>Armed with a browser, Linux users may rapidly become adept at
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troubleshooting their systems. The key is knowing how and where to look. My
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@ -80,15 +93,17 @@ quest.</para>
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<sect1 id="docupdates">
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<title>Document Updates</title>
|
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<para>The latest version of this document will always be available via the
|
||||
<emphasis>Documents Catalog</emphasis> at the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.oswg.org">Open Source Writers
|
||||
Group</ulink> The document will also be available in SGML, PS, RTF, DVI and other
|
||||
<emphasis>HOWTO index</emphasis> at the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>
|
||||
The document will also be available in SGML, PS, PDF, and other
|
||||
formats at that website.
|
||||
</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>Copyright and License</title>
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<para>Copyright (c) 1999 , by Howard Mann.
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<para>Copyright (c) 1999-2000 , by Howard Mann.
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</para>
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<para>Copyright (c) 2002 , by Jean-Philippe Guérard.
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</para>
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||||
<para>
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||||
Publication and distribution of this document is governed by the terms of the
|
||||
|
@ -99,68 +114,95 @@ License</ulink> , Draft version 0.4, June 8, 1999, or later.
|
|||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Feedback and Corrections</title>
|
||||
<para>I always welcome feedback and constructive criticism.In particular, I wish
|
||||
to be notified about any errors in this document and resources you believe
|
||||
deserving of inclusion, but not presently covered herein. Because the assessment
|
||||
of the value of a particular resource is inherently subjective, I do not
|
||||
guarantee that I will include it, but I will certainly give any suggestion
|
||||
thoughtful consideration. In anticipation, Thanks.
|
||||
<para>I always welcome feedback and constructive criticism. You can
|
||||
reach me at <ulink url="mailto:jean-philippe.guerard@laposte.net">
|
||||
jean-philippe.guerard@laposte.net</ulink>. In particular, I wish to be
|
||||
notified about any errors in this document and resources you believe
|
||||
deserving of inclusion, but not presently covered herein. Because the
|
||||
assessment of the value of a particular resource is inherently
|
||||
subjective, I do not guarantee that I will include it, but I will
|
||||
certainly give any suggestion thoughtful consideration. In anticipation,
|
||||
Thanks.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="howtos">
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<title>HOWTOs and mini-HOWTOs</title>
|
||||
<para>These documents are associated with the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>. There is a
|
||||
<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX-3.html">HOWTO Index
|
||||
Page</ulink> that I suggest you bookmark in your browser.</para>
|
||||
<para>These HOWTOs are written by Linux users and are periodically updated by
|
||||
the authors. Many authors provide the latest version at a personal website and a
|
||||
hyperlink to the latter is typically provided in the document.This version may
|
||||
be newer than that available at the website. The document may be published
|
||||
online before its inclusion into the database.</para>
|
||||
<para>Note also that other HOWTOs are available, the authors of which have not
|
||||
submitted them to the LDP. It is definitely worthwhile trying to find these
|
||||
using an Internet search engine as I describe in a subsequent section.</para>
|
||||
<sect1 id="howtos">
|
||||
<title>HOWTOs and mini-HOWTOs</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>HOWTOs are detailed reference documents on a specific subject,
|
||||
usually following a step-by-step approach. A HOWTO is a good document to
|
||||
help you discover a task or a topic you don't know. It will provide you
|
||||
with the basic steps and the major references.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>These documents are particularly useful when you decide to provide or
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||||
access a new service with your Linux system, or when you embark on a technically
|
||||
complex project. For example, you may have the option of accessing the 'net with
|
||||
a DSL or Cable Modem service - excellent guides are available in the form of
|
||||
HOWTOs.</para>
|
||||
<para>In addition, authors often include references and links to sites that they
|
||||
have found useful. You may find the information you need at one of these
|
||||
hyperlinked sites rather than in the HOWTO itself. For example, I found <ulink
|
||||
url="http://cesdis1.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/">Linux Network Drivers</ulink>,
|
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the primary site for information about Network Interface Card drivers , in the
|
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Ethernet HOWTO.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="faqs">
|
||||
<title>Frequently-Asked-Questions ( FAQs)</title>
|
||||
<para>A list of FAQs is a traditional accompaniment to Linux-related
|
||||
applications, utilities, and the like. An FAQ is typically provided online by
|
||||
the developer/s of the product in question, and enterprising users sometimes
|
||||
host an <quote>unofficial</quote> FAQ as well. Search for the latter with an
|
||||
<para>Authors of these documents often include references and links to
|
||||
sites that they have found useful. You may find the information you need
|
||||
at one of these hyperlinked sites rather than in the HOWTO itself. For
|
||||
example, I found <ulink url="http://www.scyld.com/network/">Linux
|
||||
Network Drivers</ulink>, an interesting site for information about
|
||||
Network
|
||||
Interface Card drivers, in the Ethernet HOWTO.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To find HOWTOs, the first place to go is the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org">Linux Documentation Project (LDP)</ulink>.
|
||||
The LDP includes a <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/howtos.html">HOWTO
|
||||
Index Page</ulink> that I suggest you bookmark in your browser.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>These HOWTOs are written by Linux users and are periodically
|
||||
updated by the authors. Many authors provide the latest version at a
|
||||
personal website and a hyperlink to the latter is typically provided in
|
||||
the document. This version may be newer than the one available at the
|
||||
LDP website.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Note also that other HOWTOs are available, the authors of which
|
||||
have not submitted them to the LDP. It is definitely worthwhile trying
|
||||
to find these using an Internet search engine as I describe in a
|
||||
subsequent section.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="faqs">
|
||||
|
||||
<title>Frequently-Asked-Questions (FAQs)</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Users of Internet Newsgroups and Mailing lists soon discovered
|
||||
that some basic questions were being asked over and over again.
|
||||
To provide an answer to these questions, and to avoid them
|
||||
being repeated continually, FAQs were developed, listing the most
|
||||
classical questions and their agreed answers.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A list of FAQs is also a traditional accompaniment to
|
||||
Linux-related software. The FAQ is the first document to peruse when
|
||||
troubleshooting a particular application. It provides answers to typical
|
||||
questions, and is a good place to start troubleshooting a specific
|
||||
problem. In addition, FAQs exist for Linux distributions, window
|
||||
managers, and the so-called desktop environments (KDE and
|
||||
Gnome).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A FAQ is typically provided online by the developers of the
|
||||
product in question, and enterprising users sometimes host an
|
||||
<quote>unofficial</quote> FAQ as well. Search for the latter with an
|
||||
Internet search engine.</para>
|
||||
<para>The FAQ is the first document to peruse when troubleshooting a
|
||||
particular application. In addition, FAQs exist for Linux distributions, window
|
||||
managers, and the so-called desktop environments ( KDE and Gnome ).</para>
|
||||
<para>For Linux newbies, I provide links to three FAQs that collectively
|
||||
|
||||
<para>For Linux newbies, I provide links to two FAQs that collectively
|
||||
address <emphasis>many</emphasis> of the questions posted to the Usenet
|
||||
newsgroups :</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.fokus.gmd.de/linux/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.html">The Linux FAQ</ulink>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="http://www.fokus.gmd.de/linux/FAQ/Linux-FAQ/">The
|
||||
Linux FAQ</ulink>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/FAQ">The XFree86 X - Window
|
||||
System FAQ</ulink></para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="http://www.tux.org/lkml/">The Linux Kernel mailing
|
||||
list FAQ</ulink></para>
|
||||
|
@ -175,8 +217,8 @@ list FAQ</ulink></para>
|
|||
distributions, and often contain a variety of helpful documents with information
|
||||
not easily encompassed within a FAQ. Look for sections with one or more of the
|
||||
following titles:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Installation Support</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Knowledge or Solutions Databases</para>
|
||||
|
@ -192,6 +234,10 @@ following titles:</para>
|
|||
<listitem><para>Hardware Guide or Compatibility List</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Security Information</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Bug Tracking System</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Bug Database</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<para>Some websites provide a site search engine that will facilitate your quest
|
||||
|
@ -200,22 +246,32 @@ for a solution.
|
|||
<para>If you have a problem with a newly installed distribution, look here first
|
||||
as bugs and their fixes are typically posted here. You may find a detailed guide
|
||||
that will help you accomplish a task such as upgrading your kernel or the
|
||||
version of the XFree86 X - Window System you are using.
|
||||
version of the X Window System you are using.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>I recommend you spend some time at the website of the distribution you are
|
||||
using, familiarizing yourself with what is available.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="usenet">
|
||||
<title>Usenet Newsgroup Archives</title>
|
||||
<para>The ability to search for and retrieve information from archived posts
|
||||
<sect1 id="usenet">
|
||||
<title>Usenet Newsgroup Archives</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The ability to search for and retrieve information from archived posts
|
||||
to the linux-related (Usenet) newsgroups represents a powerful means of
|
||||
troubleshooting in Linux.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Search engines permit one to search the archives by stipulating the forum,
|
||||
keywords, authors, dates, language and combinations thereof. Because the number
|
||||
of linux-related newsgroups is large, the likelihood of finding useful
|
||||
information is high.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The main web site that currently provides access to Usenet
|
||||
archives using a search engine is <ulink
|
||||
url="http://groups.google.com">groups.google.com</ulink>. The most
|
||||
effective way to do a search is to use its <ulink
|
||||
url="http://groups.google.com/advanced_group_search">Advanced
|
||||
Groups Search page</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>I would like to relate a brief anecdote to demonstrate the efficacy of
|
||||
this approach. The first time I attempted to build a kernel, I was presented
|
||||
with this error message when I invoked a <quote>make</quote> command:</para>
|
||||
|
@ -224,51 +280,18 @@ with this error message when I invoked a <quote>make</quote> command:</para>
|
|||
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot' make: *** [zImage]
|
||||
Error 2</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>I had no idea what <emphasis>as86</emphasis> was, but I entered it as the
|
||||
keyword in the <emphasis>SUBJECT</emphasis> field of the Power Search utility at
|
||||
<emphasis>deja.com</emphasis> ( see below) , and was presented with a large
|
||||
number of posts from folks who had encountered the same problem. Respondents
|
||||
had provided the reason and solution: I did not have an assembler/linker
|
||||
necessary to create machine code, and the <emphasis>bin86</emphasis> package
|
||||
provided it. I downloaded and installed a RPM package of the latter and was on
|
||||
my way. This entire process took about 10 minutes ( I do have an ADSL connection
|
||||
to the 'net ! ).</para>
|
||||
<para>There are two websites that provide access to Usenet archives using a
|
||||
search engine as described in the following sections.</para>
|
||||
<sect2 id="dejacom">
|
||||
<title>Power Search at deja.com</title>
|
||||
<para>The <ulink url="http://www.deja.com/home_ps.shtml">Power Search
|
||||
page</ulink> allows you to search using keywords and other parameters.I suggest
|
||||
you spend some time becoming familiar with the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.deja.com/help/help_lang.shtml">Search Language</ulink> nuances.
|
||||
In particular, note the value of using the <emphasis>wildcard</emphasis> symbol.
|
||||
You will be repaid time and again for your efforts. I typically enter the
|
||||
following for a "routine" search:</para>
|
||||
<para><Literal remap="tt">LANGUAGE : English</Literal></para>
|
||||
<para><Literal remap="tt">SUBJECT : try different keywords, thinking of a
|
||||
subject line you would use for a post</Literal></para>
|
||||
<para><Literal remap="tt">FORUM : *linux* or comp.os.linux.*</Literal></para>
|
||||
<para>Another version of this search engine is this <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.exit109.com/~jeremy/news/deja.html">Customized Power Search
|
||||
Page</ulink>. Customize this page to your liking ( I like the " DejaClassic"
|
||||
option ), and then choose " Save Settings."</para>
|
||||
<para>The <ulink url="http://homemade.hypermart.net/dejasearch/">DejaSearch
|
||||
utility</ulink> is another application that you may use. It will print out the
|
||||
retrieved posts in one HTML file for your perusal. By using this, you will not
|
||||
have to page back and forth in your browser.</para>
|
||||
<para>I had no idea what <emphasis>as86</emphasis> was, but I entered
|
||||
it as the keyword in the <emphasis>Subject</emphasis> field of the
|
||||
Advanced Groups Search page at groups.google.com, and was presented
|
||||
with a large number of posts from folks who had encountered the same
|
||||
problem. Respondents had provided the reason and solution: I did not
|
||||
have an assembler/linker necessary to create machine code, and the
|
||||
<emphasis>bin86</emphasis> package provided it. I downloaded and
|
||||
installed a RPM package of the latter and was on my way. This entire
|
||||
process took about 10 minutes (I do have an ADSL connection to the 'net
|
||||
!).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<sect2 id="searchlinux">
|
||||
<title>Searchlinux.com (CNET Linux Help)</title>
|
||||
<para>The <ulink url="http://www.searchlinux.com">Searchlinux
|
||||
website</ulink> is relatively new, with many of the same features as deja.com.
|
||||
It has "basic" and "advanced" search options. The latter does not have as many
|
||||
options as the Power Search feature at<emphasis> deja.com</emphasis>. It has a
|
||||
nice one-click option whereby one may view one's own posts and associated
|
||||
replies</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="searchengines">
|
||||
<title>Internet Search Engines</title>
|
||||
|
@ -278,34 +301,40 @@ personal and academic websites, as well as Mailing Lists and the like.</para>
|
|||
<para>Of course, there are a large number of available Search Engines, and I
|
||||
suggest you try several before giving up on a particular quest. Research has
|
||||
shown that any one of them catalogues but a small portion of existent web pages.
|
||||
It is worthwhile becoming very familiar with the operational details of at
|
||||
It is worthwhile becoming very familiar with the operational details of at
|
||||
least one non-directory engine to maximize the efficiency and efficacy of your
|
||||
search efforts. You probably already have a favorite - I like
|
||||
search efforts. You probably already have a favorite - I like
|
||||
<emphasis>Google.com</emphasis>, and will discuss it in a little more
|
||||
detail.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="google">
|
||||
<title>Google.com</title>
|
||||
<para>This engine has several novel features that are described in its
|
||||
<ulink url="http://www.google.com/why_use.html">Why use Google.com page</ulink>
|
||||
In particular, the engine often returns the most useful pages first ; in fact, I
|
||||
have often found that the first listed page contains the information I need.
|
||||
Because it caches web pages, it is relatively fast at displaying requested
|
||||
items. It has a so-called <emphasis>GoogleScout (TM)</emphasis> feature that
|
||||
provides additional relevant links with each item returned.</para>
|
||||
<sect2 id="google">
|
||||
<title>Google.com</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This engine has several novel features that are described in its
|
||||
<ulink url="http://www.google.com/why_use.html">Why use Google.com
|
||||
page</ulink>. In particular, the engine often returns the most useful
|
||||
pages first; in fact, I have often found that the first listed page
|
||||
contains the information I need. Because it caches web pages, it is
|
||||
relatively fast at displaying requested items. It has a so-called
|
||||
<emphasis>GoogleScout (TM)</emphasis> feature, activated by clicking on
|
||||
the "similar pages" links, that provides additional relevant links with
|
||||
each item returned.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In addition, it has a specialized <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.google.com/linux">Linux Search Engine</ulink> that I use as my
|
||||
primary Internet search tool. It searches the database of linux-related pages at
|
||||
Google.com further promoting search efficiency. Try it- I am confident you will
|
||||
bookmark it immediately.</para>
|
||||
Google.com further promoting search efficiency. Try it - I am confident
|
||||
you will bookmark it immediately.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="mailinglists">
|
||||
<title>Mailing List Archives</title>
|
||||
<para>As you might expect, there are a very large number of linux-related
|
||||
<sect1 id="mailinglists">
|
||||
|
||||
<title>Mailing List Archives</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>As you might expect, there are a very large number of linux-related
|
||||
Mailing Lists that enable developers and users to communicate and collaborate on
|
||||
projects. These Lists cover every conceivable aspect of Linux, from the
|
||||
technical arcana of kernel development to the relatively unfocused discussion of
|
||||
|
@ -315,16 +344,20 @@ information is often retrievable. The communications are publically accessible
|
|||
through Internet search engines and in the form of online Mailing List Archives.
|
||||
You will typically see archived pages when you conduct a search using an
|
||||
Internet search engine.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Not all Mailing Lists are associated with an online archive, but this is
|
||||
increasingly the case. Similarly, not all archives have an associated search
|
||||
engine.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Initially, try locate the Mailing List Archive you are interested in by
|
||||
typing a keyword/s and "mailing list archive" in an Internet search
|
||||
engine.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>For a listing of linux-related Mailing Lists, peruse websites such as the
|
||||
<ulink url="http://www.linuxrx.com/Lists/Lists.perl">Linux Resource
|
||||
Exchange</ulink> and the <ulink url="http://www.linux.org/help/lists.html">Linux
|
||||
Online Mailing Lists</ulink></para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A relatively new, excellent Mailing List resource is <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.geocrawler.com">Geocrawler (The Knowledge Archive)</ulink>. This
|
||||
is a continuously updated, searchable archive of a large number of Lists that
|
||||
|
@ -333,120 +366,159 @@ List. Its user interface is simple and its search function delivers messages
|
|||
very quickly. I highly recommend this site.</para>
|
||||
<para>You may also find Mailing List archives at the following locations
|
||||
:</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>The website of the distribution of Linux you use.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>The website/s of the Window Manager and/or Desktop Environment
|
||||
you use.</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para>The website of the distribution of Linux you use.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>The website of the Window Manager or Desktop
|
||||
Environment you use.</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>The website dedicated to the application or project in
|
||||
question.</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.mail-archive.com/lists.html">The Mail
|
||||
Archive</ulink></para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/">Mailing List
|
||||
Archives</ulink></para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://kernelnotes.org/lnxlists/">The Linux Mailing
|
||||
List Archives</ulink></para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <listitem><para><ulink url="http://kernelnotes.org/lnxlists/">The -->
|
||||
<!-- Linux MailingList Archives</ulink></para></listitem> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.tux.org/hypermail/">Tux Mailing List
|
||||
Archives</ulink></para></listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This is not a complete listing of archives and you may find additional
|
||||
sites with an Internet search engine. But, this should certainly get you
|
||||
going.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="usersmanuals">
|
||||
<title>Online User's Manuals</title>
|
||||
<para>Some of the major Linux distributions and Window Managers/Desktop
|
||||
<sect1 id="usersmanuals">
|
||||
<title>Online User's Manuals</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Some of the major Linux distributions, Window Managers and Desktop
|
||||
Environments publish their user's manual online. If the entire manual is not
|
||||
online, installation and configuration guides are typically found at the
|
||||
relevant website . This also applies to major applications like the
|
||||
<emphasis>Gimp</emphasis> ( GNU Image Manipulation Program).</para>
|
||||
online, installation and configuration guides are typically found at the
|
||||
relevant website. This also applies to major applications like the
|
||||
<emphasis>Gimp</emphasis> (GNU Image Manipulation Program).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>So, for those users who do not have the printed manual, a wealth of
|
||||
installation and configuration guidance is generally available online. </para>
|
||||
installation and configuration guidance is generally available online.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="unixrefs">
|
||||
<title>Online Unix References and Tutorials</title>
|
||||
<para>As Linux is a Unix-like operating system, a general familiarity with
|
||||
<sect1 id="unixrefs">
|
||||
<title>Online Unix References and Tutorials</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>As Linux is a Unix-like operating system, a general familiarity with
|
||||
fundamental Unix concepts such as the Unix directory hierarchy and file
|
||||
permissions is essential. Fortunately, there are many Unix tutorials online that
|
||||
collectively cover everything a user might need to know to use Linux. I suggest
|
||||
you bookmark the following as an online reference library :</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.unix.digital.com/faqs/publications/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/V40D_HTML/APS2HDTE/TITLETXT.HTM"
|
||||
>The Command and Shell User's guide</ulink> from the Digital Equipment
|
||||
Corporation is an excellent guide to the Unix Operating System. Bookmark the
|
||||
<emphasis>Index Page</emphasis> linked there as an online reference.</para></listitem>
|
||||
you bookmark the following as an online reference library:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/V40D_HTML/APS2HDTE/TITLETXT.HTM"
|
||||
>The Command and Shell User's guide</ulink> from Digital Equipment
|
||||
Corporation is an excellent guide to the Unix Operating System. Bookmark
|
||||
the <emphasis>Index Page</emphasis> linked there as an online
|
||||
reference.</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.ucs.ed.ac.uk/~unixhelp/servers.html">UNIXhelp</ulink> is
|
||||
mirrored on many servers around the world. It is a useful resource for
|
||||
newbies.</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink
|
||||
url="http://wks.uts.ohio-state.edu/unix_course/intro-1.html">Introduction to
|
||||
Unix</ulink> also contains a useful <ulink
|
||||
url="http://wks.uts.ohio-state.edu/unix_course/intro-137.html#HEADING137-0">Unix
|
||||
Command Summary</ulink> page with brief, but useful, explanations of commonly
|
||||
used Unix commands.</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.msoe.edu/~taylor/4ltrwrd/">Unix is a Four Letter
|
||||
url="http://people.msoe.edu/~taylor/4ltrwrd/">Unix is a Four Letter
|
||||
Word...</ulink> is another resource suitable for newbies.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://netizen.com.au/services/training/">Unix
|
||||
Tools</ulink> contains useful descriptions of utilities, such as
|
||||
<emphasis>tar</emphasis>, that are commonly used in daily work.</para></listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
<!-- <listitem><para><ulink -->
|
||||
<!-- url="http://netizen.com.au/services/training/">Unix -->
|
||||
<!-- Tools</ulink> contains useful descriptions of utilities, such -->
|
||||
<!-- as <emphasis>tar</emphasis>, that are commonly used in daily -->
|
||||
<!-- work.</para></listitem> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="kernel">
|
||||
<title>Linux Kernel Resources</title>
|
||||
<para>If you would like current information about the Linux kernel,
|
||||
<ulink url="http://www.kernelnotes.org">Kernelnotes.org</ulink> is the site you
|
||||
should visit. At this site, you can find out information about the stable and
|
||||
development versions of the kernel, as well as information about upgrading the
|
||||
kernel. It has links to unofficial patches and drivers, and much more.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="miscresources">
|
||||
<title>Miscellaneous Resources</title>
|
||||
<para>In this section, I provide a number of links to websites that I have
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <sect1 id="kernel"> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <title>Linux Kernel Resources</title> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <para>If you would like current information about the Linux -->
|
||||
<!-- kernel, <ulink -->
|
||||
<!-- url="http://www.kernelnotes.org">Kernelnotes.org</ulink> -->
|
||||
<!-- is the site you should visit. At this site, you can find out -->
|
||||
<!-- information about the stable and development versions of the -->
|
||||
<!-- kernel, as well as information about upgrading the -->
|
||||
<!-- kernel. It has links to unofficial patches and drivers, and -->
|
||||
<!-- much more.</para> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- </sect1> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="miscresources">
|
||||
<title>Miscellaneous Resources</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In this section, I provide a number of links to websites that I have
|
||||
found useful while learning to use Linux. This is an eclectic collection, but
|
||||
keep these handy.</para>
|
||||
<sect2 id="Xwindow">
|
||||
<title>Release Notes and Available Documentation related to the XFree86 X
|
||||
- Window Server</title>
|
||||
<para>This documentation accompanies each version of XFree86, and is
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="Xwindow">
|
||||
|
||||
<title>Release Notes and Available Documentation related to the XFree86
|
||||
X Window Server</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This documentation accompanies each version of XFree86, and is
|
||||
available at the <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86 website</ulink>.
|
||||
Whenever you have trouble with your X environment, peruse the notes applicable
|
||||
to your videocard/chipset. These typically provide details about the
|
||||
configuration of the X - window system relative to your card, and will enumerate
|
||||
any "options" you have to include in the<filename> XF86Config</filename> file
|
||||
that governs X. </para>
|
||||
to your videocard and chipset. These typically provide details about the
|
||||
configuration of the X Window System relative to your card, and will
|
||||
enumerate any "options" you have to include in the<filename>
|
||||
XF86Config</filename> file that governs X.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<sect2 id="texinfo">
|
||||
<title>GNU Texinfo pages</title>
|
||||
<para>A great collection of pages is available at the <ulink
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="texinfo">
|
||||
|
||||
<title>GNU Texinfo pages</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A great collection of pages is available at the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.geek-girl.com/unix.html#texinfo">Geek Girl.com website</ulink>.
|
||||
Included are links to pages on the following: </para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><emphasis>Bash</emphasis> - The Bourne-again
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Bash</emphasis> - The Bourne-again
|
||||
shell</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Configure</emphasis> - used when compiling programs
|
||||
from source code</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Configure</emphasis> - used when compiling
|
||||
programs from source code</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>G++ </emphasis> - the GNU C++
|
||||
compiler</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Gcc</emphasis> - the C compiler</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Libc</emphasis> - the GNU C library</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Make</emphasis> - a program for directing
|
||||
recompilation</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
recompilation</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Note that some of these are included in the <quote>docs</quote> that come
|
||||
with Linux distributions. In general, these are detailed technical documents of
|
||||
particular interest to developers. However, if like me, you are not a
|
||||
|
@ -454,86 +526,90 @@ programmer, you may peruse the introductory sections of these documents to get
|
|||
insight, for example, into those <Literal remap="tt">configure</Literal>and
|
||||
<Literal remap="tt">make</Literal> commands you use when installing applications
|
||||
from source code.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="gnumanuals">
|
||||
<title>GNU Software and Manuals</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Many important programs that are frequently utilized by the Linux user are
|
||||
GNU utilities - for example, the <application>tar</application> (archive) and
|
||||
<application>gzip</application> ( compression ) programs. Descriptions of these
|
||||
<application>gzip</application> (compression) programs. Descriptions of these
|
||||
programs are located at the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/software.html#DescriptionsOfGNUSoftware">GNU.org
|
||||
website</ulink> where many <ulink
|
||||
website</ulink> where many <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.gnu.org/manual/manual.html">Online Manuals</ulink> may also be
|
||||
found.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>These manuals typically provide a lot more information than is found in
|
||||
the corresponding <application>man</application> page on your system. For
|
||||
example , compare the <application>man</application> page and online manual for
|
||||
the <application>tar</application> utility. </para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="glossary">
|
||||
<title>Glossary of Linux-related terms</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <ulink url="http://www.firstlinux.com/guide/">First Linux</ulink>
|
||||
online guide has a nice collection of terms and definitions, sorted
|
||||
alphabetically. Go here if you encounter a term that you have not seen before or
|
||||
do not understand.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="webopedia">
|
||||
<title>An online dictionary of computer and technology terms</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The <ulink url="http://www.pcwebopedia.com/">PC Webopedia</ulink> consists
|
||||
of a large online dictionary of computer-related terms and a search engine that
|
||||
provides links to documents that discuss each item in more detail. For example,
|
||||
I used this site to learn the differences between <emphasis>ISA</emphasis> and
|
||||
<emphasis>PCI</emphasis> buses.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="pcs">
|
||||
<title>A detailed Guide to Personal Computers</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The Topic Index to the voluminous hardware guide at <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.PCguide.com/topic.html">PC guide.com</ulink> will give you a
|
||||
great idea of the contents of this website. I used it quite frequently when
|
||||
first installing Linux and configuring the X Window System. I learnt a lot about
|
||||
videocards and monitors, including the concepts of screen resolution, color
|
||||
depth etc., useful when troubleshooting X - display problems.</para>
|
||||
depth etc., useful when troubleshooting X display problems.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="encyclo">
|
||||
<title>Gary's Encyclopedia</title>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="http://members.aa.net/~swear/pedia/index.html">Gary
|
||||
Momarison's website</ulink> contains a very large number of sorted Linux-related
|
||||
links. You may use the <quote>find</quote> function in your browser to find
|
||||
links in a particular category. Peruse this website to appreciate what it has to
|
||||
offer.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<!-- <sect2 id="encyclo"> -->
|
||||
<!-- <title>Gary's Encyclopedia</title> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- <para><ulink -->
|
||||
<!-- url="http://members.aa.net/~swear/pedia/index.html">Gary -->
|
||||
<!-- Momarison's website</ulink> contains a very large number of -->
|
||||
<!-- sorted Linux-related -->
|
||||
<!-- links. You may use the <quote>find</quote> function in your -->
|
||||
<!-- browser to find links in a particular category. Peruse this -->
|
||||
<!-- website to appreciate what it has to offer.</para> -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- </sect2> -->
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="conclusions">
|
||||
<title>Concluding Comments</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you are a Linux newbie, you may want to create a
|
||||
<emphasis>Troubleshooting</emphasis> folder in your browser's bookmark list,
|
||||
into which you put the hyperlinks I have included in this document, as well as
|
||||
those pertinent to the distribution of Linux and the Window Manager/Desktop
|
||||
Environment you use. </para>
|
||||
<para>As you use these links , you will quickly become adept at troubleshooting
|
||||
those pertinent to the distribution of Linux and the Window Manager
|
||||
or Desktop Environment you use. </para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>As you use these links, you will quickly become adept at troubleshooting
|
||||
online.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Cheers and happy searching !</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue