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@ -18,14 +18,22 @@ when this was a sgml document.
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<surname>Gilbert</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address>
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<email>dgilbert@interlog.com</email>
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<email>dgilbert at interlog dot com</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate>2003-05-04</pubdate>
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<pubdate>2003-08-24</pubdate>
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>2.1</revnumber>
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<date>2004-08-24</date>
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<authorinitials>dpg</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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scsihosts change -> run mkinitrd, lk 2.4.21,22
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>2.0</revnumber>
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<date>2003-05-04</date>
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@ -114,6 +122,7 @@ when this was a sgml document.
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<year>2001</year>
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<year>2002</year>
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<year>2003</year>
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<year>2004</year>
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<holder>Douglas Gilbert</holder>
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</copyright>
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@ -189,13 +198,13 @@ document can be found at
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<ulink url="http://www.torque.net/scsi/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO">
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<literal>www.torque.net/scsi/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO</literal></ulink> (this is
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the multi-page html version).
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At that location this document is rendered in txt, ps, pdf, a single
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(long) page of html as well as multi-page html (e.g. the postscript
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version is at <ulink url="http://www.torque.net/scsi/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO.ps">
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<literal>www.torque.net/scsi/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO.ps</literal></ulink>).
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At that location this document is rendered in txt, pdf, ps, a single
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(long) page of html as well as multi-page html. For example, a pdf
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version is at <ulink url="http://www.torque.net/scsi/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO.pdf">
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<literal>www.torque.net/scsi/SCSI-2.4-HOWTO.pdf</literal></ulink>).
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</para>
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<para>
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This document was last altered on 4th May 2003.
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This document was last altered on 24th August 2004.
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</para>
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</chapter>
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@ -755,6 +764,7 @@ Some boot parameters related to the SCSI subsystem:
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debug [increase output to console during boot]
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nmi_watchdog=0 [turn off NMI watchdog on a SMP machine]
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max_scsi_luns=1 [limits SCSI bus scans to lun==0]
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scsi_allow_ghost_devices=<n>
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</programlisting>
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* When devfs is in use the initial read-only mount
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of the root partition can be done via the old
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@ -1021,6 +1031,12 @@ max_scsi_luns=<n>
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where <n> is a number between 1 and 8 (< lk 2.4.7),
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>= lk 2.4.7 the upper limit can be much larger
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scsi_allow_ghost_devices=<n>
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where (<n> - 1) is the maximum lu number to ghost if the
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the corresponding device is offline. When <n>==0
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(default) then don't ghost any devices (in lk 2.4.26
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and later)
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scsihosts=host0:hosts1::host3
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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@ -1033,7 +1049,14 @@ the names of lower level drivers (e.g. "scsihosts=advansys:imm::ide-scsi").
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<footnote>
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<para>
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Either comma or colon can be delimiters for "scsihosts". This means that
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"scsihosts=advansys,imm,,ide-scsi" is also valid.
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"scsihosts=advansys,imm,,ide-scsi" is also valid. Also if a machine's
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boot sequence involves an "initrd" stage (look in
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<filename>/etc/grub.conf</filename> or <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename>
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to find out if this is the case), then the <command>mkinitrd</command>
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command should be run after a change to the "scsihosts" boot time parameter.
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This will generate a new initrd image that needs to be put in the
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correct place (most probably in the <filename>/boot</filename>
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directory).
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</para>
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</footnote>
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<footnote>
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@ -1083,6 +1106,7 @@ scsi_logging_level=<n>
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where <n> is the logging level mask (0 for logging off)
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max_scsi_luns=<n>
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scsihosts=host0::host2
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scsi_allow_ghost_devices=<n>
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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@ -1117,7 +1141,7 @@ the same).
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</para>
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<para>
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Existing devices can be removed using <command>
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echo "scsi remove-single-device <h> <b> <t <l>"
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echo "scsi remove-single-device <h> <b> <t> <l>"
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> /proc/scsi/scsi</command>
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where the variables are host, bus (channel), target (scsi id) and lun. The
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success (or otherwise) of this command can be determined by sending a
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@ -1284,6 +1308,16 @@ loaded, it will only recognize a fixed number of additional drives. The
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number of additional drives that can be accommodated is set by the kernel
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configuration parameter CONFIG_SR_EXTRA_DEVS whose default value is 2.
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</para>
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<para>
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People often use the <command>dd</command> command to read a data CDROM
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containing an iso9660 file system. If a count argument is not given then
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the <command>dd</command> command will read the number of 2048 byte sectors
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indicated by the SCSI Read Capacity command. Unfortunately this can
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include unwritten (or "run out") sectors at the end of the image that can
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cause I/O errors. Use the <command>isosize</command> command (see its man
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page) to find the true length of the iso9660 image and use that in the
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"count=" argument given to the <command>dd</command> command.
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</para>
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<sect2 id="srbparams">
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<title>sr boot parameters</title>
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@ -1445,7 +1479,7 @@ subsystem, then cdroms should be mounted via the "scd" device name
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and cd players should also use the "scd" device. Strangely the
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<command>hdparm</command> command should still use the <filename>
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/dev/hdd</filename> device file (or the "echo ... > /proc/ide/hdd/settings"
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method).
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method described in this <link linkend="idescsi">section</link>).
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<footnote><para>
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In the linux 2.4 kernel series there has been an increase in problems when
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the ide-scsi driver is used so that <command>cdrecord</command> can control
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@ -1845,6 +1879,7 @@ maintainers.
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</para>
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<formalpara><title>IDE-SCSI</title>
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<para>
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<anchor id="idescsi"/>
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From configuration point of view, ide-scsi will grab and try to control
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every ATA (a.k.a. IDE) device which doesn't have a "native"
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driver attached (such as ide-cd, ide-tape, etc). So for example, if
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@ -2356,12 +2391,12 @@ by Serial Attached SCSI.
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<para>
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Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) uses the same transport technology as Serial
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ATA (sATA) and extends it. [sATA is described below.] SAS can use external
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expanders to control up to 4096 (?) devices from a single HBA circuit. The
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data transfer is full duplex and 1.5 Gbps "phys"s can be aggregated to
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increase bandwidth. Cable lengths can be up to 6 meters. SAS disks are
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dual ported. sATA disks can be connected to a SAS HBA (but SAS disks can't
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be connected to a sATA HBA). SAS was demonstrated at CeBit recently but
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won't reach the market until 2004.
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expanders to control up to 16000 devices from a single HBA. The data
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transfer is full duplex and 1.5 Gbps or 3.0 Gbps "phys"s can be aggregated
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to increase bandwidth. Cable lengths can be up to 6 meters. SAS disks are
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dual ported. sATA disks can be connected to a SAS expanders (but SAS disks
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can't be connected to a sATA HBA). SAS was demonstrated at CeBit recently
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but won't reach the market until 2004.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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<formalpara><title>FC-AL</title>
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@ -2376,15 +2411,29 @@ isn't necessarily fibre optic cable: copper (in the form of co-axial
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cable) can also be used at lower speeds and for shorter distances.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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<formalpara><title>SRP/InfiniBand</title>
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<para>
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SRP (SCSI RDMA Protocol)
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[<ulink url="http://www.t10.org/drafts.htm#SCSI3_SRP">
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<literal>SRP_draft</literal></ulink>] is a SCSI transport for InfiniBand
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[<ulink url="http://www.infinibandta.org">
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<literal>Infiniband_trade_association</literal></ulink>], a high-performance
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interconnect running at 10 and 30 Gbps. SRP driver source is available at
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<ulink url="http://infiniband.sourceforge.net/Storage/SRP/index.htm">
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<literal>infiniband.sourceforge.net/Storage/SRP</literal></ulink> .
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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<formalpara><title>IEEE 1394</title>
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<para>
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<anchor id="ieee1394"/>
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This standard also goes by the name of "Fire Wire" [trademarked
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by Apple] and "iLink" [trademarked by Sony]. It is a serial bus that can run
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at up to 400 Megabits/sec. It has a similar but more general architecture than
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USB. The IEEE 1394 standard allows for the SCSI command set to be
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carried over a 1394 bus. There is a "sbp2_1394" driver now available for
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the Linux IEEE 1394 stack. This sbp2_1394 driver is also a SCSI subsystem
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at up to 400 Megabits/sec (IEEE 1394a). A newer standard, IEEE 1394b, ups
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this to 800 Megabits/sec (with extensions to 1.6 and 3.2 Gigabits/sec) with
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cable runs up to 100 metres. It has a similar but more general architecture
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than USB. The IEEE 1394 standard allows for the SCSI command set to be
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carried over a 1394 bus. There is a "sbp2" driver now available for
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the Linux IEEE 1394 stack. This sbp2 driver is also a SCSI subsystem
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lower level driver (so it is functionally similar to the ide-scsi driver).
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So IEEE 1394 devices that use the SBP-2 protocol (e.g. disks, cd-rw/dvd
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drives, MO drives and scanners) can be accessed via the SCSI subsystem.
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@ -2395,8 +2444,8 @@ The sbp2 driver is now in lk 2.4.7 .
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</formalpara>
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<formalpara><title>iSCSI</title>
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<para>
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This is an emerging IETF standard for sending the SCSI command set over a
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TCP connection (or several of them). This will permit SCSI devices (targets
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This is a new IETF standard for sending the SCSI command set over a
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TCP connection (or several of them). This permits SCSI devices (targets
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such as disks) to be network appliances, accessed locally (or potentially
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at a great distance) by a host machine.
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</para>
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@ -2757,6 +2806,38 @@ error. Send warning to log/console.
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.20] "blocking_open" boot time, module load time parameter added to st.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.21] Give new HBAs a new host number (higher than any previously used)
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unless there is a "scsihosts" match. Host numbering sequence "holes" are
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only re-used if there is a "scsihosts" match.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.21] stop the SCSI status RECOVERED ERROR being treated as an error
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by the mid level (complements a change in 2.4.19).
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.21] use the TEST_UNIT_READY command (rather than START_STOP) to
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determine if removable media has changed (in sd driver).
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.21] major work on ide-scsi driver.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.21] add aic79xx driver for Adaptec Ultra 320 controllers.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.22] Extend timeout of SEND DIAGNOSTIC command to 2 hours. This is
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for foreground extended self tests.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.26] Add 'scsi_allow_ghost_devices' kernel boot time and scsi_mod
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module option.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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[2.4.27] SATA support via "libata" library introduced. SATA disks appear
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with SCSI subsystem names (e.g. "/dev/sdb) and respond to SCSI commands (via
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a command translation facility).
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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@ -3529,8 +3610,8 @@ series. This book is highly recommended.
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The authors
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and the publisher have unselfishly made this book available under the GNU
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Free Documentation License (version 1.1). It can be found in html at
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<ulink url="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive2/chapter/book">
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<literal>www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive2/chapter/book</literal></ulink> .
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<ulink url="http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book">
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<literal>www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book</literal></ulink> .
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</para>
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<para>
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<anchor id="B2"/>
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@ -3550,16 +3631,18 @@ of Linux (sg) and ASPI/ASPI32 as used by Windows.
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<para>
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The author is grateful for the following contributions:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Kai Mäkisara (st) <email>Kai.Makisara@metla.fi</email>
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<listitem><para>Kai Mäkisara (st) <email>Kai.Makisara at metla
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dot fi</email>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Jens Axboe (sr) <email>axboe@suse.de</email>
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<listitem><para>Jens Axboe (sr) <email>axboe at suse dot de</email>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Richard Gooch (devfs) <email>rgooch@atnf.csiro.au</email>
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<listitem><para>Richard Gooch (devfs) <email>rgooch at atnf dot csiro
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dot au</email>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Tim Waugh (ppa, imm, ppscsi + docbook)
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<email>twaugh@redhat.com</email> </para></listitem>
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<email>twaugh at redhat dot com</email> </para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Gadi Oxman (ide-scsi)
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<email>gadio@netvision.net.il</email> </para></listitem>
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<email>gadio at netvision dot net dot il</email> </para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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@ -3567,7 +3650,8 @@ The author is grateful for the following contributions:
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<formalpara><title>CORRECTIONS and SUGGESTIONS</title>
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<para>
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Please send any corrections or suggestions to the author at
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<email>dgilbert@interlog.com</email> or <email>dougg@torque.net</email> .
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<email>dgilbert at interlog dot com</email> or <email>dougg at torque
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dot net</email> .
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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Reference in New Issue