From be1cffb7030ff75f87d1e5aac491fb0c7c823814 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: gferg <> Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2001 17:27:38 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] new entry of formerly unmaintained doc --- LDP/howto/docbook/Virtual-Web.sgml | 463 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 463 insertions(+) create mode 100644 LDP/howto/docbook/Virtual-Web.sgml diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Virtual-Web.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Virtual-Web.sgml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aa8f9dcf --- /dev/null +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Virtual-Web.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,463 @@ + + +
+ + Virtual Web mini-HOWTO + + Dan + Pancamo + + + Parag + Mehta + +
pm@gnuos.org
+ + + + David + Merrill + Conversion from text to DocBook SGML. + + + + + 1.1 + 2001-06-03 + New maintainer, converted to DocBook (SGML), Licensed under GFDL. + + + 1.0 + 1995-11-24 + Initial Release. + + + + + This HOWTO discuss the essentials of setting up a Virtual Web Site under Linux. + + + + + + License + + This document is made available under the + GNU Free Documentation License. + + + + + What is a Virtual Web Site? + + + A World Wide Web (WWW) Server is normally a single machine dedicated to + processing HTTP requests for a single WWW site. Simply put, one WWW site + per machine. Since the computing resources for processing httpd requests is + low for most WWW sites, the majority of the computing resources are left + unused. A virtual WWW site simple allows more than one WWW site to share a + single processor. Instead of having www.domain1.com and www.domain2.com + requiring two physical computing devices, www.domain1.com and + www.domain2.com can be located on a single computing device and share common + resources. + + + + Normally small computing facilities, and small businesses do not have the + resources to maintain a dedicated web server and a dedicated Internet + connection. These cost can easily start off at $10K for setup, and + $500-2500 monthly to maintain. Small computing facilities, and small + businesses are now able to "rent" WWW space from a Virtual WWW providers. + The customer can then maintain the WWW "pages" using a local telnet and/or + FTP connection. + + + + WWW providers such as InfoCom Networks http://www.infocom.net/ + provide WWW space as low as $75 per month. A few Virtual Sites + might clear up the mystery. So the cost of setting up a WWW site is + significantly lower than that of setting up a dedicated server and + connection. The Virtual Site has a major advantage over other WWW + addressing schemes such as "www.yourprovider.com/~businessname". The + Virtual WWW server inherently contains the ability to move to a new location + or setup a dedicated WWW server without changing addresses. Changing WWW + URL's can result in a major loss of traffic to your site, and lots of + business literature updates. + + + + With most web sites, www.domain1.com and www.domain2.com both resolve to + separate IP's. In order to accept multiple request from a single host, the + virtual host must be able to answer request for both sites. The method used + to solve this problem is called IP aliasing. IP aliasing allows a single + host to accept request for multiple IP's. The virtual Web server must have + the ability to alias IP's + + + + IP aliasing is just one part of the virtual solution. The Domain Name System + (DNS) also must be configured to resolve both www.domain1.com and + www.domain2.com. If domain1.com and domain2.com are new domains, then both + must be registered with Internic. Currently, Internic is charging $50 a year + to maintain your domain. + + + + Most virtual WWW sites should also provide virtual mail, or the ability to + forward all mail to the virtual domain to another user or users. + + + + Virtual FTP or the ability to FTP using the standard host name + "ftp.domain1.com" should also be configured by the WWW provider. + + + + + What Software and Software Patches Do I Need? + + + Linux Kernel + + + Linux versions 1.2.X requires the IPalias patch alias-patch-1.2.1-v1 + and alias-net-tools.tar. I'm not sure if 1.3.X supports this patch yet. + For more information on the IPalias patch see + ftp://ftp.mindspring.com/users/rsanders/ipalias/ + + + + Using multiple dummy interfaces has been suggested in place of + the IPalias solution. While the dummy solution may work, + it does not appear to be as clean as the IPalias solution. + For more information on using Apache and the dummy solution + see Aram Mirzadeh's virtual hosting information at + http://www.qosina.com/apache/virtual.html + + + + All that is required to add a new alias using the IPalias method is: + > /sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias www.domainX.com + + + + Also, the IPalias solution is supported on several other platforms. + + + + + HTTP Servers + + + NCSA 1.5, Apache, and Spinner support Virtual hosting. + http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/Overview.html + http://www.apache.org/ + http://spinner.infovav.se/ + + + + + + + How Do I set it up? + + + Create the New Account + + + Create a regular Linux account for the virtual customer with home + directory and mail. + + + + + + NCSA 1.5 or Apache Config Files + + + Virtual Host implementations are still changing. A few patches + exist to support Virtual Host Check the server's release notes for + more details. NCSA 1.5 or Apache now include the Virtual patches, + and I have been told that Spinner supports virtual hosts. + + + + One virtual patch supports the following srm.conf syntax, however + the second NCSA 1.5 method of defining a Virtual host allows + for greater flexibility + + + + SubDocumentRoot www.domain1.com /usr/local/etc/httpd/docs/domain1 +SubDocumentRoot www.domain2.com /usr/local/etc/httpd/docs/domain2 + + + + NCSA and Apache support the following httpd.conf syntax: + + + + ServerAdmin webmaster@domain1.com +DocumentRoot /usr/local/etc/httpda/docs/domain1 +ServerName www.domain1.com +ErrorLog logs/errors.domain1.com +TransferLog logs/access_log.domain1.com + + + + + Configuring the interface + + + Once the IPalias patches have been installed add the + following to your /etc/rc.d/rc.local on your local web server. + + + + /sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias www.domain1.com +/sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias www.domain2.com +/sbin/ifconfig eth0 alias www.domainN.com + + + + + Registering with Internic + + + If you are setting up a new domain or change a current + domain, you must register the domain with Internic. + The template can be found at + ftp://rs.internic.net/templates/domain-template.txt + + + + + Configuring Named + + + Named will need to be configured so that your virtual domain will + be visible to the outside world. I don't claim to be an expert + on DNS. Suggestions always welcome. + + + + Example /etc/named.boot + + + directory /etc/named.data +primary realdomain.com db.realdomain.com +primary xxx.xxx.xxx.IN-ADDR.ARPA db.xxx.xxx.xxx +primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA db.local + +primary domain1.com db.domain1.com +primary domain2.com db.domain2.com +cache . named.root + + + + + Replace x with your IP. + + + + + + + Example /etc/named.data/db.domain1.com + + + $ORIGIN com. + domain1 IN SOA domain1.com. hostmaster.domain1.com. ( + 10134 43200 3600 604800 86400 ) + IN NS ns1.realdomain.com. + IN MX 10 mail.realdomain.com. + IN MX 0 domain1.com. +domain1.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ;www.domain1.com IP + + $ORIGIN domain1.com. + ftp IN CNAME domain1.com. + www IN CNAME domain1.com. + mail IN CNAME domain1.com. + + + + + Example /etc/named.data/db.xxx.xxx.xxx + + + You should already have a db.xxx.xxx.xxx for your current site + update it to contain the new virtual domains for reverse lookups + + + + xx IN PTR www.domain1.com. +xx IN PTR www.domain2.com. + + + + + Restart named + + + Once you've finished editing config files, you will need to + restart the named daemon. + + + + + + Virtual Mail + + + Your virtual customers will more than likely want the ability to have + mail that is sent to their domain forwarded to another domain. A few + sendmail.cf changes will do the trick. After several months of + trying different sendmail changes, this is the 1st method that I + found that works and requires only one sendmail.cf change for each + new virtual site. + + + + Sendmail Configuration + + + + + Retrieve the current version of sendmail that contains makemap btree support. + + + + + + Create a file called /etc/domainalias with the following mappings: + + + + *@domain1.com localnet@realdomain.com +*@domain2.com townplaz@realdomain.com +*@domainN.com soracomp@realdomain.net + +webmaster@domain1.com somuser@anotherhost.com +jamison@domain2.com anotheruser@somehost.com + + + + + + + Create the maped DB file + + + + makemap btree /etc/domainalias.db < /etc/domainalias + + + + + + /etc/sendmail.cf changes: + + + + + + Add a Cw record for each new virtual host + + + + Cwdomain1.com +Cwdomain2.com + + + + + + Add the domainalias mapping only once. + + + Kdomainalias btree /etc/domainalias.db + + + + + + Add/Change Ruleset 98 + + + + ################################################################### +### Ruleset 98 -- local part of ruleset zero (can be null) ### +################################################################### + +S98 + +R$+ < $+ . > $1 < $2 > remove trailing dots +R$+ < $+ > $: < > $(domainalias $1$2 $) match user@address +R< > $+ @ $* $: < $1 > $(domainalias * @ $2 $) match *@address +R< $+ > * $* $: < > $1 $2 replace * with userid +R < $+ > $+ $: < > $2 bugfix +R< > $* $: $>3 $1 and rewrite using S3 + + + + + + + + Sendmail Testing + + + + Test the sendmail configuration to verify the new sendmail.cf changes + + + + sendmail -v -bv info@domain1.com + + + + The final destination should be displayed. + + + + + + + + Virtual FTP + + + Currently, I have not been able to get Virtual FTP to work. + A few patches exist, and I'm sure a working patch exist. + We just create a working directory /home/ftp/business/domain1, + but a true Virtual FTP would be nice. + + + + If anyone would like to contribute a solution, I would be more + than happy to add it here. + + + + Arnt Gulbrandsen has rewritten ftpd and has included support for + independent FTP services The Troll Tech FTP Daemon + + + + + + Links to More Virtual Web Information + + http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/Overview.html + http://www.apache.org/ + http://www.qosina.com/apache/virtual.html + http://spinner.infovav.se/ + ftp://ftp.mindspring.com/users/rsanders/ipalias/ + http://www.thesphere.com/~dlp/TwoServers/ + http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/setup/httpd/VirtualHost.html + ftp://ftp.dhp.com:/pub/linux/virtual-hosting + + +