mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
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@ -2287,7 +2287,7 @@ Helps you get started using Lex and YACC. </Para>
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LILO</ULink>,
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<CiteTitle>LILO mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
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</Para><Para>
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<CiteTitle>Updated: Nov 2003</CiteTitle>.
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<CiteTitle>Updated: Dec 2003</CiteTitle>.
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Lilo (LILO) is the most used Linux Loader for the x86 flavour of
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Linux. This describes some typical Lilo installations. Intended
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as a supplement to the Lilo User's Guide. </Para>
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@ -2490,7 +2490,7 @@ Windows 95. </Para>
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Linux+WinNT</ULink>,
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<CiteTitle>Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
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</Para><Para>
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<CiteTitle>Updated: Nov 2003</CiteTitle>.
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<CiteTitle>Updated: Dec 2003</CiteTitle>.
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Covers some ways on how to install both Linux and Windows NT
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on the same computer and how to boot either of them from
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within LILO menu. </Para>
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|
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@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ Linux+WinNT</ULink>, <CiteTitle>
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Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
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</Para><Para>
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<CiteTitle>
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Updated: Nov 2003</CiteTitle>.
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Updated: Dec 2003</CiteTitle>.
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Covers some ways on how to install both Linux and Windows NT
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on the same computer and how to boot either of them from
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within LILO menu. </Para>
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@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ LILO</ULink>, <CiteTitle>
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LILO mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
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</Para><Para>
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<CiteTitle>
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Updated: Nov 2003</CiteTitle>.
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Updated: Dec 2003</CiteTitle>.
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Lilo (LILO) is the most used Linux Loader for the x86 flavour of
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Linux. This describes some typical Lilo installations. Intended
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as a supplement to the Lilo User's Guide. </Para>
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@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
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<title>LILO mini-HOWTO
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<author>Miroslav "Misko" Skoric,
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<tt/skoric at eunet dot yu/
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<date>v3.16, 2003-11-09
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<date>v3.17, 2003-12-07
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<abstract>
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<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot</nidx>
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<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot laptop hp</nidx>
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LILO is the most used <bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader for the x86 flavour of
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Linux; I'll call it Lilo rather than LILO here because I don't
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appreciate uppercase. This file describes some typical Lilo
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ the authors mentioned - <bf>without changes</bf> - and added some pointers
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related to configuring LILO for using with Windows NT and Windows 2000.
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More detailed information about the activation of Windows NT/2000 from LILO
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menu, you may find in wonderfull
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<url url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
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<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
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name="Linux+WindowsNT"> mini-HOWTO.
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@ -499,7 +499,8 @@ to have both Linux and NT entries under Lilo menu:
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<p>
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Well, you may use the same procedure as described above.
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I suggest you to read <tt>Linux+WinNT</tt> mini-HOWTO that also talks
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I suggest you to read <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
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name="Linux+WindowsNT"> mini-HOWTO that also talks
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about booting Windows 2000, which is installed on the same part of disk
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where Windows NT was <em>before</em>. There you'll find many useful details
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regarding various Linux+WinNT/2000/98 combinations.
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@ -966,11 +967,269 @@ With this modification MSDOS-6.2 runs, and it thinks it is on C: and
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Windows-95 is on D:.
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<sect>LILO after the installation of Mandrake Linux 9.1 on HP products
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<p>
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2003-11-19
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<p>
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<sect1>Description of the products used in this experiment
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<p>
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<em>Notice: Folks, that part is <bf>NOT</bf> a commercial for HP
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production of any means! In fact, a series of HP computers I have been using
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has delivered failures in power supply units, problems with hard disks etc.
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On the other side, laptop's batteries get exhausted earlier than expected.
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Other than these issues, HP machines are fine.</em>
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<p>
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<bf>HP Omnibook 6000</bf>
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A laptop computer Omnibook 6000 is equipped with a 'bootable' DVD
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drive and recently, at an ICT conference, I bought a bootable DVD-ROM
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with Mandrake Linux 9.1 installation. After booting the laptop with
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that bootable DVD, it gets directly to the Linux installation menu.
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<p>
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<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (used as a server)</bf>
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In opposite, an HP Vectra VL420 doesn't have a DVD drive (it only
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has a CD drive), so the direct installation from that particular
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installation DVD is not possible. But, an option of making
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a bootable floppy disk for starting the installation procedure
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<em>is</em> possible. In fact, several boot images are available
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for those users who don't have (bootable or not) DVD drive. One
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of the images is a 'network' one. That means, in a local area network
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there has to be either a NFS, FTP or HTTP server from which the
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installation will take place.
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<p>
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<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (used as a workstation)</bf>
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Another VL420 desktop system I also use, has a spare HDD from a
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previous Windows 2000 server installation (actually, that IDE disk was moved
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from the other computer where it was a primary one and here it is the second
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one disk for backup data). The nice things is that it has a HTTP and FTP
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servers installed (of course, usable if the system is boot from that disk).
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That was good so I could use one of these servers now.
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So, I made a 'network' bootable floppy and booted the first Vectra
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VL420 (intended to be a Linux server) with it. After a while, it
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came to a point to choose the installation method (NFS or FTP or
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HTTP server). At first, I wanted to use the second 'spare' HTTP
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server at the other Vectra mentioned above, but regardless of what
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permission I tried to give to the 'Everyone' group of Windows users,
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I always got the following answer from the Linux setup:
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Error: Couldn't get file ... (or something like that)
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Then I tried to use the FTP 'spare' server from the second Vectra and at
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first it also asked for local and remote IP addresses. That time successfully,
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it started to load a part of the remote Linux files into its memory without
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any complaint. Soon after, it came to the very same position as Omnibook
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6000 did: it got directly to the installation menu, asking a user to choose
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a language for the installation use.
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>From that point, the setup process was almost the same...
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I have chosen/confirmed the following items:
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- a language to use, besides English(American) as default: I added
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Unicode and Serbian (both Cyrillic and Latin);
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- a mouse and keyboard;
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- a security level - I accepted defaults: 'Standard' for laptop and 'Higher'
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for server;
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The next important task was to choose one of <em>DrakX</em>
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partitioning options:
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- for laptop I chose the 'Use the free space on the Windows
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partition', because the laptop has one IDE hard disk and I wanted
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it to use a part of it for Linux (besides existing Windows 2000 Prof.
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already installed). Windows' Disk Management reported:
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<p>
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<verb>
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Disk 0 15 MB FAT (HP Diagnostics or like)
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7.13 GB FAT32 (C: "HPNOTEBOOK")
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20.80 GB Free space
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</verb>
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The two partitions (FAT & FAT32) were made during the installation
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procedure using HP's supplied installation CD's.
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At the first moment, Linux setup complained that my Windows partition
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"was too fragmented" and required me to reboot under Windows, run
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the "defrag" utility, then restart the Mandrake Linux installation.
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The defragmentation process have taken cca 1.5 hour to be completed!
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When restarted the setup, it wanted to use 7.13 GB Windows partition,
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instead of 20.80 GB. I chose to 'Use the free space'. Then it made partitions
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for Linux: /dev/hda5 and /dev/hda7.
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- for Vectra VL420 I used 'Custom disk partitioning' because there
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I had two SCSI disks, one of them running Windows 2000 Server
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already installed, and the other one I wanted to use entirely for a
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Linux server. Btw, I wasn't sure what the option 'Erase entire disk'
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would do during its next step (erase a whole disk or a partition?),
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although it also may be the proper solution too. <em>DrakX</em>
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recognized the two SCSI disks as <bf>sda</bf> and <bf>sdb</bf>
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and I chose <bf>sdb</bf> to install Linux. The first step was to 'Clear
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all' and after that to 'Auto allocate' the space on that second disk.
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Finally, after a 'Done' it appeared to make /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb6
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Linux partitions.
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<sect1>What does LILO looks like on these HP products
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<p>
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<bf>HP Omnibook 6000</bf>
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<p>
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<verb>
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boot=/dev/hda
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map=/boot/map
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vga=normal
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default="windows"
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keytable=/boot/us.klt
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prompt
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nowarn
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timeout=100
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message=/boot/message
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menu-scheme=wb:bw:wb:bw
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label="linux"
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root=/dev/hda5
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initrd=/boot/initrd.img
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append="quiet devfs=mount acpi=off"
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read-only
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label="failsafe"
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root=/dev/hda5
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initrd=/boot/initrd.img
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append="failsafe devfs=nomount acpi=off"
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read-only
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other=/dev/hda2 <--- /dev/hda1 seems to be reserved for some HP diags.
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label="windows"
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table=/dev/hda
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other=/dev/fd0
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label="floppy"
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unsafe
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</verb>
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<p>
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<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (installed as a desktop client Linux system)</bf>
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<p>
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<verb>
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boot=/dev/hda
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map=/boot/map
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vga=normal
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default="windows"
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keytable=/boot/us.klt
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prompt
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nowarn
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timeout=100
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message=/boot/message
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menu-scheme=wb:bw:wb:bw
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label="linux"
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root=/dev/hda5
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initrd=/boot/initrd.img
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append="quiet devfs=mount acpi=off"
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vga=788 <--- that line is missing at laptop with LCD screen above.
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read-only
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label="linux-nonfb"
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root=/dev/hda5
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initrd=/boot/initrd.img
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append="devfs=mount acpi=off"
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read-only
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label="failsafe"
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root=/dev/hda5
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initrd=/boot/initrd.img
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append="failsafe devfs=nomount acpi=off"
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read-only
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other=/dev/hda1 <--- /dev/hda1 seems not to be reserved for HP diags here.
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label="windows" There I have Windows 2000 Professional already
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table=/dev/hda installed (probably without HP's supplied CD's).
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other=/dev/hdb1 <--- that is the spare disk with Windows 2000 Server.
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label="windows2" Actually I had some data on it and used it as a
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table=/dev/hdb second, backup disk on that desktop workstation.
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map-drive=0x80 I have never tried to boot the computer from it, but
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to=0x81 Mandrake's setup offered it as a boot option.
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map-drive=0x81 (And that was useful as a FTP server, needed to install
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to=0x80 Mandrake Linux on the other box - without DVD drive too).
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other=/dev/fd0
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label="floppy"
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unsafe
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</verb>
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<p>
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<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (installed as a desktop Linux system with server features)</bf>
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<p>
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<verb>
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boot=/dev/sda <--- /dev/sda is the first SCSI disk where LILO resides (MBR).
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map=/boot/map
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vga=normal
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default="windows"
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keytable=/boot/us.klt
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prompt
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nowarn
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timeout=100
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message=/boot/message
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menu-scheme=wb:bw:wb:bw
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label="linux"
|
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root=/dev/sdb1 <--- /dev/sdb1 is the second SCSI disk where Linux resides.
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initrd=/boot/initrd.img
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append="quiet devfs=mount acpi=off"
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vga=788
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read-only
|
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label="linux-nonfb"
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root=/dev/sdb1
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initrd=/boot/initrd.img
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append="devfs=mount acpi=off"
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read-only
|
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image=/boot/vmlinuz-secure
|
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label="linux-secure" <--- something related to the Linux server security?
|
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root=/dev/sdb1
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initrd=/boot/initrd-secure.img
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append="quiet devfs=mount acpi=off"
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read-only
|
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label="failsafe"
|
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root=/dev/sdb1
|
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initrd=/boot/initrd.img
|
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append="failsafe devfs=nomount acpi=off"
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read-only
|
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other=/dev/sda1 <--- /dev/sda1 is the first partition on the first SCSI disk where Windows resides.
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label="windows"
|
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table=/dev/sda
|
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</verb>
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<p>
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<sect1>Conclusions
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<p>
|
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>From the examples above, you could see that I have been using
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various computer forms with also various types of hard disk.
|
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Somewhere there is only one IDE drive, somewhere else there are
|
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two of them, otherwise there are a couple of SCSI drives etc. Regardless
|
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of that, I always tried to put LILO into the MBR - located on the <em>first</em>
|
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disk. Now it looks like that Linux finally managed to solve the old
|
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<em>1024 cyl</em> problem. In fact, LILO seems to be capable to boot
|
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Linux regardless it is placed close to the rest of Linux partitions or not.
|
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|
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<p>
|
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There are some other considerations related to the experiment above,
|
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but they are part of the other fine document:
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<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
|
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name="Linux+WindowsNT"> mini-HOWTO.
|
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|
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|
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<p>
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<sect>Bibliography
|
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|
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<p>
|
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2003-11-09
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2003-12-03
|
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|
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<em>Notice: Folks, I often visit some (inter)national
|
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ICT conferences all around Serbia and Montenegro,
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|
@ -1073,6 +1332,12 @@ combined!
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Hartford, CT USA, 2003.
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- "Favoritism", IEEE Potentials, Oct/Nov 2003
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- "Alternative computer networks (2)", proceedings, "TELFOR",
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Belgrade, Serbia, 2003.
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- "With rule and regulation improvements to the progress (2)"
|
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proceedings, "TELFOR", Belgrade, Serbia, 2003.
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</verb></tscreen>
|
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<p>
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|
@ -1133,8 +1398,10 @@ some <em/foobarOS/, they deal with coexistence of
|
|||
Linux and other operationg system(s). For example,
|
||||
"NT OS Loader + Linux mini-HOWTO" by Bernd Reichert,
|
||||
describes how to add an entry for Linux under existing
|
||||
Windows NT Loader's menu. Next, you have "Linux+WindowsNT
|
||||
mini-HOWTO" by myself, covering how to add an entry for NT
|
||||
Windows NT Loader's menu. Next, you have
|
||||
<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
|
||||
name="Linux+WindowsNT"> mini-HOWTO by myself,
|
||||
covering how to add an entry for NT
|
||||
under existing Linux Lilo menu (more detailed than here).
|
||||
Also, "Multiboot-with-LILO" describes how the various
|
||||
Windows flavours can be made to coexist with Linux.
|
||||
|
@ -1148,8 +1415,7 @@ url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
|||
name="Linux Documentation Project">
|
||||
homepage or this one: <url
|
||||
url="http://www.tldp.org/"
|
||||
name="Linux Documentation Project">.
|
||||
</em>
|
||||
name="Linux Documentation Project">.</em>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Credits
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -1259,11 +1525,10 @@ nature they change quickly so don't be too surprised if these links become
|
|||
quickly outdated.
|
||||
|
||||
A good starting point is of course the
|
||||
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
||||
name="Linux Documentation Project"> home page, or this one: <url
|
||||
url="http://www.tldp.org/"
|
||||
name="Linux Documentation Project">,
|
||||
an information central for documentation, project pages and much, much more.
|
||||
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/" name="Linux Documentation Project">
|
||||
home page, or this one: <url url="http://www.tldp.org/" name="Linux
|
||||
Documentation Project">, an information central for documentation, project
|
||||
pages and much, much more.
|
||||
|
||||
Please let me know if you have any other leads that can be of interest.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -1345,3 +1610,6 @@ little annoying.
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
|
|||
<title>Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO
|
||||
<author>Miroslav "Misko" Skoric,
|
||||
<tt/skoric at eunet dot yu/
|
||||
<date>v2.16, 2003-11-09
|
||||
<date>v2.17, 2003-12-07
|
||||
<abstract>
|
||||
<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot laptop</nidx>
|
||||
<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot laptop hp</nidx>
|
||||
This mini-HOWTO covers some ways on how to install both Linux
|
||||
and Windows NT on the same computer and how to boot either of
|
||||
them from within LILO menu. There is also another mini-HOWTO
|
||||
|
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ version 5.0 this mini-HOWTO also covers upgrading from NT 4.0 to
|
|||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
More detailed information about LILO (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader) itself you
|
||||
may find in wonderfull <url url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html"
|
||||
may find in wonderfull <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html"
|
||||
name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary:
|
|||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Notice: Folks, you see, at my place, one of computers has several
|
||||
SCSI disks. That's why I put the word 'SCSI' in parentheses. There I
|
||||
have several SCSI controllers, SCSI CD ROM drive and SCSI Tape drive.
|
||||
So, it doesn't mean that *you* will be using SCSI parts at all.
|
||||
have a couple of SCSI controllers, a SCSI CD ROM drive and a SCSI
|
||||
Tape drive. That doesn't mean that *you* will be using SCSI parts at all.
|
||||
You'd rather handle more than one IDE disks, but I hope that install
|
||||
process shouldn't change too much, if any.
|
||||
</em>
|
||||
|
@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ start from there happily.
|
|||
</itemize>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<sect>How to install WINDOWS NT/2000 and LINUX on a <em>laptop</em>
|
||||
<sect>How to install WINDOWS NT/2000 and LINUX (RedHat 7.1) on a <em>laptop</em>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<sect1>If you want to have *both* NT and 2000, besides Linux
|
||||
|
@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ know when the boot floppy might be of help).
|
|||
next system boot should take you into the Linux environment. Don't
|
||||
be surprized when you don't see your beloved Windoze(s) boot
|
||||
loader(s) anymore. You just have to look into the another great
|
||||
Linux document, called <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LILO.html"name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO. There you'll find more detailed information
|
||||
Linux document, called <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html"name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO. There you'll find more detailed information
|
||||
about how <bf/LILO/ (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader) works.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ install Symantec's Norton System Works onto both Microsoft environments.
|
|||
I did it successfully, but it seems that I have later entered a command
|
||||
that resulted in changing something very important in the setup. In sum,
|
||||
I have become not able to run both flavours of Windows properly. Looks
|
||||
that it was the right time to re-install all stuff :-)
|
||||
that it was the right time to re-install all the stuff again :-)
|
||||
</em>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ know when that boot floppy might be useful).
|
|||
next system boot should take you into the Linux environment. Don't
|
||||
be surprized when you don't see your beloved Windoze(s) boot
|
||||
loader(s) anymore. You just have to look into the another great
|
||||
Linux document, called <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LILO.html"name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO. There you'll find more detailed information
|
||||
Linux document, called <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html"name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO. There you'll find more detailed information
|
||||
about how <bf/LILO/ (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader) works.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
@ -1006,11 +1006,596 @@ between these two operating systems (probably it will be also FAT).
|
|||
</itemize>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<sect>How to install Mandrake Linux 9.1 on HP products
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
2003-11-19
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<sect1>Description of the products used in this experiment
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<em>Notice: Folks, that part of the article is <bf>NOT</bf> a commercial
|
||||
for HP production of any means! In fact, a series of their machines I use has lots
|
||||
of failures in the power supply units, as well as with their hard disks. On
|
||||
the other side, laptop's batteries get exhausted earlier than expected.
|
||||
Other than these issues, HP machines are fine.</em>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>HP Omnibook 6000</bf>
|
||||
|
||||
A laptop computer Omnibook 6000 is equipped with a bootable DVD
|
||||
drive. On the other hand I have supplied a bootable DVD-ROM
|
||||
with Mandrake Linux 9.1 installation. After booting the laptop with
|
||||
that bootable DVD, it gets directly to the installation menu,
|
||||
asking the user to choose a language to use for the rest of the
|
||||
installation.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (used as a server)</bf>
|
||||
|
||||
In opposite, an HP Vectra VL420 doesn't have a DVD drive (it only
|
||||
has a CD drive), so the direct installation from that particular
|
||||
installation DVD is not possible. But, an option of making
|
||||
a bootable floppy disk for starting the installation procedure
|
||||
<em>is</em> possible. In fact, several boot images are available
|
||||
for those users who don't have (bootable or not) DVD drive. One
|
||||
of the images is a 'network' one. That means, in a local area network
|
||||
there has to be either a NFS, FTP or HTTP server from which the
|
||||
installation will take place.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (used as a workstation)</bf>
|
||||
|
||||
Another VL420 desktop system I also use, has a spare HDD from a
|
||||
previous Windows 2000 server installation (actually, that IDE disk was moved
|
||||
from the other computer where it was a primary one and here it is the second
|
||||
one disk for backup data). The nice things is that it has a HTTP and FTP
|
||||
servers installed (of course, usable if the system is boot from that disk).
|
||||
That was good so I could use one of these servers now. On the other hand,
|
||||
that particular Vectra VL420 was used to install a workstation kind of Linux
|
||||
(that time, using its first hard disk - having Windows 2000 Professional).
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<sect1>Installation procedure
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>System boot of the laptop</bf>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
As explained earlier, the laptop has a bootable DVD drive, so that's it.
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>System boot of desktop machines</bf>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
So, I made a 'network' bootable floppy and booted the first Vectra
|
||||
VL420 (intended to be a Linux server) with it. After a while, it
|
||||
came to a point to choose the installation method (NFS or FTP or
|
||||
HTTP server). At first, I wanted to use the second 'spare' HTTP
|
||||
server on the other Vectra, but regardless of what permission I tried
|
||||
to give to the 'Everyone' group of Windows users, I always got the
|
||||
following answer from the Linux setup:
|
||||
|
||||
Error: Couldn't get file ... (or something like that)
|
||||
|
||||
Then I tried to use the 'spare' FTP server from the second Vectra and, at
|
||||
first, it also asked for local and remote IP addresses. That time successfully,
|
||||
it started to load a part of the remote Linux files into its memory without
|
||||
any complaint. Soon after, it came to the very same position as Omnibook
|
||||
6000 did: it got directly to the installation menu, asking a user to choose
|
||||
a language for the installation use.
|
||||
|
||||
>From that point, the setup process was almost the same...
|
||||
|
||||
I have chosen/confirmed the following items:
|
||||
|
||||
- a language to use, besides English(American) as default: I added
|
||||
Unicode and Serbian (both Cyrillic and Latin);
|
||||
- a mouse and keyboard;
|
||||
- a security level - I accepted defaults: 'Standard' for laptop and 'Higher'
|
||||
for server;
|
||||
|
||||
The next important task was to choose one of <em>DrakX</em>
|
||||
partitioning options:
|
||||
|
||||
- for laptop I chose the 'Use the free space on the Windows
|
||||
partition', because the laptop has one IDE hard disk and I wanted
|
||||
it to use a part of it for Linux (besides existing Windows 2000 Prof.
|
||||
already installed). Windows' Disk Management reported:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
Disk 0 15 MB FAT (HP Diagnostics or like)
|
||||
7.13 GB FAT32 (C: "HPNOTEBOOK")
|
||||
20.80 GB Free space
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
The two partitions (FAT & FAT32) were made during the installation
|
||||
procedure, using HP's supplied installation CD's.
|
||||
|
||||
At the first moment, Linux setup complained that my Windows partition
|
||||
"was too fragmented" and required me to reboot under Windows, run
|
||||
the "defrag" utility, then restart the Mandrake Linux installation.
|
||||
The defragmentation process have taken cca 1.5 hour to be completed!
|
||||
When restarted the setup, it wanted to use 7.13 GB Windows partition,
|
||||
instead of 20.80 GB. I chose to 'Use the free space'. Then it made partitions
|
||||
for Linux: /dev/hda5 and /dev/hda7.
|
||||
|
||||
- for Vectra VL420 I used 'Custom disk partitioning' because there
|
||||
I had two SCSI disks, one of them running Windows 2000 Server
|
||||
already installed, and the other one I wanted to use entirely for a
|
||||
Linux server. Btw, I wasn't sure what the option 'Erase entire disk'
|
||||
would do during its next step (erase a whole disk or a partition?),
|
||||
although it also may be the proper solution too. <em>DrakX</em>
|
||||
recognized the two SCSI disks as <bf>sda</bf> and <bf>sdb</bf>
|
||||
and I chose <bf>sdb</bf> to install Linux. The first step was to 'Clear
|
||||
all' and after that to 'Auto allocate' the space on that second disk.
|
||||
Finally, after a 'Done' it appeared to make /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb6
|
||||
Linux partitions.
|
||||
|
||||
<bf>Package Group Selection</bf>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Per default, the Mandrake 9.1 setup offers the following to be
|
||||
installed:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- Office Workstation
|
||||
- Internet Workstation
|
||||
- KDE Workstation
|
||||
- Gnome Workstation
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
that is in sum: Total size 1010/5267 (at laptop) and 1066/5265 (at server).
|
||||
|
||||
- for laptop I added all that was available, <em>excepting</em> 6 'Server'
|
||||
items (1612/5267),
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- for server I added all that was available, <em>including</em> 6 'Server'
|
||||
items (1708/5265).
|
||||
|
||||
Then I got an info, related to selecting following servers (?) on laptop:
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
cups, postfix, rwho, webmin
|
||||
|
||||
and on server box:
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
cups, openssh-server, postfix, proftpd, rwho, webmin, ypserv, bind and
|
||||
nfs-utils.
|
||||
|
||||
Although I was confused about the 'servers' to be installed on a laptop,
|
||||
I have accepted those things to be installed, considering them needed
|
||||
for the proper installation of other packages.
|
||||
|
||||
The installation started ...
|
||||
|
||||
Interestingly, although the installation on the laptop was performed
|
||||
directly from its DVD drive, the package installation process was
|
||||
significantly faster on the server box. I suppose that was due the
|
||||
difference in performances between server's SCSI disk and laptop's
|
||||
IDE disk.
|
||||
|
||||
After that step was finished, and after entering a password for root, setup
|
||||
asked to 'Enter a user' (an ordinary user). The difference between laptop
|
||||
and server installation was that the latter offered some additional tasks
|
||||
for the (ordinary) user:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- access to compilation tools (ctools)
|
||||
- access to rpm tools (rpm)
|
||||
- access to X programs (xgrp)
|
||||
- access to network tools (ntools)
|
||||
- access to administrative files (adm)
|
||||
- allow "su" (wheel)
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
... and that should be the same for other (new added) users.
|
||||
|
||||
Then laptop suggested to 'set up computer to automatically log on one user'.
|
||||
I didn't accept such a solution because I wanted each user to enter his/her
|
||||
password <em>every</em> time he/she is about to log on to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
On the other hand, server's setup skipped that particular step and asked
|
||||
where to install the bootloader. I have chosen to use 'First sector of drive (MBR)'.
|
||||
|
||||
Soon after, a 'Summary' screen appeared, so I could fine tune the installation.
|
||||
I changed the following items:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- timezone: Belgrade (both machines)
|
||||
- Graphical Interface (reported as 'not configured' on the laptop? - I tried
|
||||
with 'Flat Panel 1400 x 1050' because that resolution runs fine under
|
||||
Windows), X server: Rage Mobility, XFree 4.3 and 16 million colors -
|
||||
24 bits). On laptop, I chose XFree to start when I reboot. On server, it
|
||||
offered 800 x 600 - due to a recognized monitor Samsung SyncMaster
|
||||
510(M)s (CHA5807*) and card ATI Rage 128 and 16 bit - 65 thousand color.
|
||||
- Sound card: laptop is ESS Technology|ES1983S Maestro-3i|PCI Audio and
|
||||
server is Intel Corporation|ICH2 810 Chipset AC'97 Audio Controller.
|
||||
- Network: with 'Use auto detection'. Results: on laptop it recognized 'LAN
|
||||
connection - ethernet card(s) detected'; on server it recognized
|
||||
nothing. So, on server I chose to configure 'LAN connection'.
|
||||
Drivers are: 3c59x (laptop), eepro100 (server).
|
||||
IP addresses for both laptop and server.
|
||||
Host name: laptop, server, Gateway:
|
||||
- Firewall: disabled (def.)
|
||||
- Botloader: lilo-graphic on /dev/hda (laptop)
|
||||
lilo-graphic on /dev/sda (server)
|
||||
default boot: windows on /dev/hda2 (laptop)
|
||||
windows on /dev/sda1 (server)
|
||||
- Services: 32 activated for 47 registered (laptop)
|
||||
24 activated for 60 registered (server)
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
Soon after ...
|
||||
|
||||
<tt>Congratulations, installation is complete.</tt>
|
||||
|
||||
(reboot)
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>Installation results</bf>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The next Windows boot made a screen 'System Settings Change': Windows
|
||||
2000 has finished installing new devices. You must restart your computer
|
||||
before the new settings will take effect. Do you want to restart
|
||||
your computer now? Well, I said <Yes>
|
||||
|
||||
Windows' Disk Management has showed new Linux partitions:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- laptop: 5.85 GB Healthy \
|
||||
Disk 0 495 MB Healthy - all 3 are logical drives within the extended one
|
||||
27.95 GB 14.46 GB Healthy /
|
||||
|
||||
- server: 5.85 GB Healthy - primary partition
|
||||
Disk 1 494 MB Healthy \
|
||||
17.12 GB 10.79 GB Healthy - these 2 are logical drives within the extended one
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
It seems that <tt>/boot</tt> and <tt>/swap</tt> partitions are very similar in size,
|
||||
regardless the disk sizes, but <tt>/</tt> (root, home etc) partitions depend on
|
||||
disk size. Note that at my 'laptop' box I used the same HD of 27.95 GB for both
|
||||
Windows and Linux (for Windows 7.13 GB FAT32 of 27.95 GB available, the rest,
|
||||
cca 20 GB for Linux).
|
||||
|
||||
At the 'server' box I have two HD's of 17.12 GB each, and I used Disk 0 (the 1st
|
||||
one) entirely for Windows 2000 Server, and Disk 1 (the 2nd one) entirely for Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
The first Mandrake Linux boot screen:
|
||||
|
||||
- laptop: a screen with only a name of a user (no root available!),
|
||||
Reboot and Halt buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
- server: a screen with 'Enter Login', 'Enter Password' and 'Session type' (no
|
||||
name of a user appeared).
|
||||
|
||||
First Time Wizard: Default KDE (both)
|
||||
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
What about the Ctrl-Alt-Del action:
|
||||
|
||||
- laptop: a screen 'End Session for "username"' What do you want to do next?
|
||||
Login as different user, Turn off computer, Restart computer, OK and Cancel
|
||||
buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
- server: a screen 'End Session for "username"', Logout and Cancel buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
After choosing Login as different user (at laptop), or Logout (at server), what
|
||||
appeared were the same screens as described in 'The first Mandrake Linux boot
|
||||
screen' section.
|
||||
|
||||
Shoud you want to learn more about LILO (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader), configurated to
|
||||
boot the systems in the examples above, you should refer to the
|
||||
<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html" name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (workstation - desktop client)</bf>
|
||||
|
||||
As mentioned before, HP Vectra VL420 doesn't have a DVD drive (it
|
||||
only has a CD drive), so the installation from that particular
|
||||
DVD installation was not possible. But, an option of making
|
||||
a bootable floppy disk for it was possible. In fact, several
|
||||
boot images are available for those users who don't have
|
||||
(bootable or not) DVD drive. One of the images was a 'network'
|
||||
one. That means, in a local network there should be a NFS, FTP
|
||||
or HTTP server from which the installation will take place.
|
||||
As earlier explained, a Windows 2000 server machine (that I
|
||||
earlier used for Mandrake Linux server installation), has HTTP
|
||||
and FTP servers installed. That was good so I could use
|
||||
one of them now.
|
||||
|
||||
So, I used the 'network' bootable floppy and booted Vectra VL420
|
||||
with it. After a while, it came to a point to choose the installation
|
||||
method (NFS or FTP or HTTP server). At first I wanted to use my
|
||||
HTTP server but regardless of what permission I gave to 'Everyone'
|
||||
I always got the answer from Linux installation program:
|
||||
Error: Couldn't get file ...
|
||||
|
||||
Then I tried to use my FTP server (on the same Windows server)
|
||||
and it also asked for IP local and remote addresses. Then it
|
||||
started to load a part of the remote files into its memory.
|
||||
Soon after, it came to the very same position as Omnibook 6000
|
||||
did: it gets directly to the installation menu,
|
||||
asking for choosing a language to use.
|
||||
|
||||
>From that point, the installation procedure was almost the same...
|
||||
|
||||
I have chosen/confirmed the following items:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- a language to use - besides English(American) I also added
|
||||
Unicode and Serbian, both Cyrillic and Latin;
|
||||
- a mouse and keyboard;
|
||||
- a security level - default 'Standard';
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
The next important point was to choose one of DrakX partitioning
|
||||
options:
|
||||
|
||||
- At first I used the 'Use the free space on the Windows
|
||||
partition' because it has one IDE hard disk and I wanted it to
|
||||
use a part of it for Linux (besides existing Windows 2000 Prof.
|
||||
already installed).
|
||||
|
||||
At the first moment, Linux setup complained that my Windows partition
|
||||
"was too fragmented" and asked me to reboot under Windows, run
|
||||
the "defrag" utility, then restart the Mandrake Linux installation.
|
||||
After defragmentation process was finished, I tried once again the
|
||||
'Use the free space on the Windows partition' but it wanted just
|
||||
to 'shrink' Windows partition from cca 30 gig to cca 28 gig. Then
|
||||
I used Partition Magic software and tried to shrink it to cca 20 GB
|
||||
in order to get more free space for Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Than I tried 'Custom disk partitioning', chose the first IDE disk
|
||||
(hda) of 27GB, chose action 'Resize'. That one option was not good
|
||||
because it just offered Windows partition to get larger instead of
|
||||
smaller than before. Finally I used 'Use the free space' and it
|
||||
automatically made Linux partitions. In fact, on that one Vectra I
|
||||
have two IDE disks, one of them having Windows 2000 Server
|
||||
already installed, and the other one having Windows 2000 Prof. that
|
||||
I wanted to use partly for Linux. After 'Done' it came to making
|
||||
/dev/hda5 and /dev/hda7.
|
||||
|
||||
<bf>Package Group Selection</bf>
|
||||
|
||||
Per default, Mandrake installation offers the following:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- Office Workstation
|
||||
- Internet Workstation
|
||||
- KDE Workstation
|
||||
- Gnome Workstation
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
in sum, Total size 1009/5105 (client).
|
||||
|
||||
- for client I added everything else (1638/5105), excepting 6 'Server' items.
|
||||
|
||||
Then I got an info, related to selecting following server(s) on client:
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
cups, postfix, rwho, webmin
|
||||
|
||||
I have accepted those things to be installed.
|
||||
|
||||
The installation started ...
|
||||
|
||||
After that step was finished, and after entering password for root, setup
|
||||
asked to 'Enter a user' (an ordinary user). The difference between client
|
||||
and server installation was that the latter offered some additional tasks
|
||||
for the user:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- access to compilation tools (ctools)
|
||||
- access to rpm tools (rpm)
|
||||
- access to X programs (xgrp)
|
||||
- access to network tools (ntools)
|
||||
- access to administrative files (adm)
|
||||
- allow "su" (wheel)
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
... and that would be the same for other (new added) users.
|
||||
|
||||
Then client suggested to 'set up computer to automatically log on one user'.
|
||||
I didn't accept that because I wanted each user to enter his/her password
|
||||
every time he/she is about to login to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Soon after, a 'Summary' screen appeared, so I could tune the installation.
|
||||
I changed the following items:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- timezone: Belgrade
|
||||
- Graphical Interface: it offered 1280 x 1024 - due to a 'custom' monitor
|
||||
and card NVIDIA GeForce2 DDR (generic) - 24 bit 16 million colors.
|
||||
- Sound card: Intel Corporation|ICH2 810 Chipset AC'97 Audio Controller.
|
||||
- Network: with 'Use auto detection'. Results: recognized nothing. So, I
|
||||
chose to configure 'LAN connection'.
|
||||
Driver is: eepro100.
|
||||
IP address
|
||||
Host name: client, Gateway:
|
||||
- Firewall: disabled (def.)
|
||||
- Botloader: lilo-graphic on /dev/hda
|
||||
default boot: windows on /dev/hda1
|
||||
- Services: 32 activated for 47 registered (the same as laptop)
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
Soon after ...
|
||||
|
||||
<tt>Congratulations, installation is complete.</tt>
|
||||
|
||||
(reboot)
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>Installation results (all 3 systems)</bf>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- laptop options: windows, linux, failsafe, floppy;
|
||||
- client options: windows, linux, linux-nonfb, failsafe, windows2, floppy
|
||||
- server options: windows, linux, linux-nonfb, linux-secure, failsafe
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
Notes:
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- 'windows2' option at the client box is, in fact, Windows 2000
|
||||
Server installation located on the second HD.
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- Not sure why 'laptop' doesn't have 'linux-nonfb' <em>text</em> boot option,
|
||||
although it looks like it boots to Linux in just like that mode (maybe it is a matter
|
||||
of the laptop's LCD screen capabilities or something like that). On the other hand,
|
||||
client and server differ in floppy and linux-secure options (perhaps as some
|
||||
security measures or like).
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
- 'linux-secure' option at the server box may be a result of a 'Higher' security
|
||||
level, that I have chosen at the beginning of the installation or, maybe, there are
|
||||
some special server security features.
|
||||
|
||||
The next Windows boot made a screen 'System Settings Change': Windows 2000
|
||||
has finished installing new devices. You must restart your computer
|
||||
before the new settings will take effect. Do you want to restart
|
||||
your computer now? Well, I said Yes.
|
||||
|
||||
Windows Disk Management has showed new Linux partitions
|
||||
(comparison of 3 systems):
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
- laptop: 5.85 GB Healthy \
|
||||
Disk 0 495 MB Healthy - all 3 are logical drives within the extended one
|
||||
27.95 GB 14.46 GB Healthy /
|
||||
|
||||
- client: 5.68 GB Healthy \
|
||||
Disk 0 494 MB Healthy - all 3 are logical drives within the extended one
|
||||
37.28 GB 3.52GB Healthy / (same as laptop)
|
||||
|
||||
- server: 5.85 GB Healthy - primary partition
|
||||
Disk 1 494 MB Healthy \
|
||||
17.12 GB 10.79 GB Healthy - these two are logical drives within extended
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
It seems that <tt>/boot</tt> and <tt>/swap</tt> partitions are very similar in size,
|
||||
regardless the disk sizes, but <tt>/</tt> (root, home etc) partitions depend on disk
|
||||
size. Note that at my 'client' box I used the same HD of 37.28 GB for both
|
||||
Windows and Linux (for Windows 27.60 GB NTFS of 37.28 GB available, the rest,
|
||||
cca 10 GB for Linux).
|
||||
|
||||
At the 'server' box I have two HD's of 17.12 GB each, and I used Disk 0 (the 1st
|
||||
one) entirely for Windows 2000 Server, and Disk 1 (the 2nd one) entirely for Linux.
|
||||
That's why Mandrake setup allocated 'less' space for / at the larger disk (in fact,
|
||||
at the 'server' box, it allocated relatively much more space for / even that HD
|
||||
is smaller - because that HD is 'dedicated' for Linux only.
|
||||
|
||||
The first Mandrake Linux boot screen:
|
||||
|
||||
- laptop: a screen with only a name of a user (no root available!),
|
||||
Reboot and Halt buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
- client: a screen with only a name of a user (no root available!),
|
||||
Reboot and Halt buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
- server: a screen with 'Enter Login', 'Enter Password' and 'Session type' (no
|
||||
name of a user appeared, but root may also login there!).
|
||||
|
||||
First Time Wizard: Default KDE (client, just like the others)
|
||||
|
||||
There is a difference between KDE screens at client and server: the client
|
||||
VL420 offers 'CD-ROM mounted at /mnt/cdrom' and 'Floppy mounted at
|
||||
/mnt/floppy' but server Vectra VL420 (having the same type of devices!) doesn't.
|
||||
Besides that, if a flash storage is connected to a USB port, <em>before</em>
|
||||
Linux being started, there will also appear an icon for it. Interestingly, at server
|
||||
there's no something like that. I consider, that is also a matter of the difference
|
||||
between the client and server types of Mandrake Linux installations, or maybe a
|
||||
matter of some security measures for server-type installations. Whatever it is,
|
||||
I see that as a shortage of confortable for Mandrake Linux servers. Case some
|
||||
of you, the readers, has some workarounds on that issues, your contributions
|
||||
are welcomed!
|
||||
|
||||
Besides that, KDE's Panel at client offers 'Mandrake Control Center - System
|
||||
configuration tool' (although useful only under root privileges), and KDE's Panel
|
||||
at server doesn't have that (in fact, an 'ordinary' user may access the same tool
|
||||
from the Start Applications menu and, again, to use it after the root's password
|
||||
entered). It makes me wonder why they at Mandrake did it like that. Maybe they
|
||||
didn't want 'ordinary' users to access some configuration tools as easily ...
|
||||
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
What about the Ctrl-Alt-Del:
|
||||
|
||||
- laptop: a screen 'End Session for "username"' What do you want to do next?
|
||||
Login as different user, Turn off computer, Restart computer, OK and
|
||||
Cancel buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
- client: a screen 'End Session for "username"' What do you want to do next?
|
||||
Login as different user, Turn off computer, Restart computer, OK and
|
||||
Cancel buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
- server: a screen 'End Session for "username"', Logout and Cancel buttons.
|
||||
|
||||
After choosing Login as different user what appeared were the same screen as
|
||||
described in 'The first Mandrake Linux boot screen' section.
|
||||
|
||||
Shoud you want to learn more about LILO (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader), configurated to
|
||||
boot the systems in the examples above, you should refer to the
|
||||
<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html" name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO.
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a difference between client and server behavior when it is about
|
||||
to shutdown (halt) the system. A user is capable to halt the system even from
|
||||
the login screen at client (that is not available at server). On the other hand,
|
||||
a user has to know root password to halt the system at server.
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>General issues with the Mandrake 9.1 Linux installation
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
A 'Network' bootable installation floppy should also be capable to reach
|
||||
Mandrake installation files not only from NFS, FTP or HTTP servers, but
|
||||
files that are copied to shared disks on machines within the local network.
|
||||
When an image is called a 'Network' image, that means, IMHO, all kinds of
|
||||
network locations should be accessible - NOT only those specific server-type
|
||||
locations like NFS, FTP or HTTP servers. In fact, if a user in a local
|
||||
network doesn't have NFS, FTP or HTTP servers, but has the installation
|
||||
packages copied somewhere else on the LAN, there should be a way to
|
||||
access those packages too.
|
||||
|
||||
The workstation-like installations do not offer a 'root' account to be used from
|
||||
the graphical login window (I suppose that 'su' or 'sudo' actions are available
|
||||
- I haven't tested them yet). That might be a problem in cases when a user
|
||||
misconfigures his/her account and when the administrator has to login to the
|
||||
system to fix that problem. At the moment, I am not sure how the admininistrator
|
||||
could do that without having the 'root' login ability (perhaps using virtual text
|
||||
consoles accessed with CTRL-ALT-F1, CTRL-ALT-F2 ... , then starting GUI
|
||||
if needed, etc ...)
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<bf>Some issues <em>after</em> the Mandrake 9.1 Linux installation:</bf>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Talking about the behavior of Mandrake 9.1 - related to the type of installation
|
||||
(a workstation or a workstation/server combination) - it seems that there are
|
||||
some other differences. As already mentioned, on a workstation desktop there
|
||||
are icons for CD and FD drives (although maybe not already being
|
||||
<em>mounted</em> at the moment of the system boot). As well, if a USB flash
|
||||
storage is connected to the USB port, there is also an icon of an <em>sda</em>
|
||||
(SCSI ?) USB storage available. On the other hand, in case of workstation/server
|
||||
installations - there are no icons of those devices at all. It seems that the server
|
||||
installation considers that is better to live withouth these devices in case of a
|
||||
server :-) Any comments are welcomed.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
Related to writing and testing HOWTO's. I prefer to write a 'howto' document
|
||||
using a text editor and make it with a <tt>.sgml</tt> extension. Then I use the old,
|
||||
good <tt>sgml2html</tt> tool to make HTML pages, in order to check how these
|
||||
pages will look like. Well, that's ok under Red Hat 7.1 but under Mandrake 9.1 it
|
||||
seems that I am not able to find the same tool. Any idea on that task?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<sect>Bibliography
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
2003-11-09
|
||||
2003-12-03
|
||||
|
||||
<em>Notice: Folks, I often visit some (inter)national
|
||||
ICT conferences all around Serbia and Montenegro,
|
||||
|
@ -1113,6 +1698,12 @@ combined!
|
|||
Hartford, CT USA, 2003.
|
||||
|
||||
- "Favoritism", IEEE Potentials, Oct/Nov 2003
|
||||
|
||||
- "Alternative computer networks (2)", proceedings, "TELFOR",
|
||||
Belgrade, Serbia, 2003.
|
||||
|
||||
- "With rule and regulation improvements to the progress (2)"
|
||||
proceedings, "TELFOR", Belgrade, Serbia, 2003.
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
@ -1171,10 +1762,9 @@ Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO.
|
|||
<em>This mini-HOWTO would be improved from time to time. If you think
|
||||
that the HOWTO on your Linux installation CD is some out-of-date, you
|
||||
may check for newest release on the Internet. It could be found within
|
||||
the main <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
||||
name="Linux Documentation Project">
|
||||
homepage.
|
||||
</em>
|
||||
the main <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/" name="Linux Documentation Project">
|
||||
homepage or this one: <url url="http://www.tldp.org/"
|
||||
name="Linux Documentation Project">.</em>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Credits
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
|
@ -1282,9 +1872,10 @@ nature they change quickly so don't be too surprised if these links become
|
|||
quickly outdated.
|
||||
|
||||
A good starting point is of course the
|
||||
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
||||
name="Linux Documentation Project"> home page,
|
||||
an information central for documentation, project pages and much, much more.
|
||||
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/" name="Linux Documentation Project">
|
||||
home page, or this one: <url url="http://www.tldp.org/" name="Linux
|
||||
Documentation Project"> an information central for documentation, project
|
||||
pages and much, much more.
|
||||
|
||||
Please let me know if you have any other leads that can be of interest.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -1363,3 +1954,6 @@ little annoying.
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue