LDP
/
LDP
mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
0
1
Fork 0
Code Releases Activity

updated

This commit is contained in:
gferg 2003-12-08 13:36:02 +00:00
parent ac42c924b1
commit a8c894f71a
4 changed files with 897 additions and 35 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

4
LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml
View File

@ -2287,7 +2287,7 @@ Helps you get started using Lex and YACC. </Para>
LILO</ULink>,
<CiteTitle>LILO mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>Updated: Nov 2003</CiteTitle>.
<CiteTitle>Updated: Dec 2003</CiteTitle>.
Lilo (LILO) is the most used Linux Loader for the x86 flavour of
Linux. This describes some typical Lilo installations. Intended
as a supplement to the Lilo User's Guide. </Para>
@ -2490,7 +2490,7 @@ Windows 95. </Para>
Linux+WinNT</ULink>,
<CiteTitle>Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>Updated: Nov 2003</CiteTitle>.
<CiteTitle>Updated: Dec 2003</CiteTitle>.
Covers some ways on how to install both Linux and Windows NT
on the same computer and how to boot either of them from
within LILO menu. </Para>

4
LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/osSect.sgml
View File

@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ Linux+WinNT</ULink>, <CiteTitle>
Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>
Updated: Nov 2003</CiteTitle>.
Updated: Dec 2003</CiteTitle>.
Covers some ways on how to install both Linux and Windows NT
on the same computer and how to boot either of them from
within LILO menu. </Para>
@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ LILO</ULink>, <CiteTitle>
LILO mini-HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>
Updated: Nov 2003</CiteTitle>.
Updated: Dec 2003</CiteTitle>.
Lilo (LILO) is the most used Linux Loader for the x86 flavour of
Linux. This describes some typical Lilo installations. Intended
as a supplement to the Lilo User's Guide. </Para>

296
LDP/howto/linuxdoc/LILO.sgml
View File

@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
<title>LILO mini-HOWTO
<author>Miroslav "Misko" Skoric,
<tt/skoric at eunet dot yu/
<date>v3.16, 2003-11-09
<date>v3.17, 2003-12-07
<abstract>
<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot</nidx>
<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot laptop hp</nidx>
LILO is the most used <bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader for the x86 flavour of
Linux; I'll call it Lilo rather than LILO here because I don't
appreciate uppercase. This file describes some typical Lilo
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ the authors mentioned - <bf>without changes</bf> - and added some pointers
related to configuring LILO for using with Windows NT and Windows 2000.
More detailed information about the activation of Windows NT/2000 from LILO
menu, you may find in wonderfull
<url url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
name="Linux+WindowsNT"> mini-HOWTO.
@ -499,7 +499,8 @@ to have both Linux and NT entries under Lilo menu:
<p>
Well, you may use the same procedure as described above.
I suggest you to read <tt>Linux+WinNT</tt> mini-HOWTO that also talks
I suggest you to read <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
name="Linux+WindowsNT"> mini-HOWTO that also talks
about booting Windows 2000, which is installed on the same part of disk
where Windows NT was <em>before</em>. There you'll find many useful details
regarding various Linux+WinNT/2000/98 combinations.
@ -966,11 +967,269 @@ With this modification MSDOS-6.2 runs, and it thinks it is on C: and
Windows-95 is on D:.
<sect>LILO after the installation of Mandrake Linux 9.1 on HP products
<p>
2003-11-19
<p>
<sect1>Description of the products used in this experiment
<p>
<em>Notice: Folks, that part is <bf>NOT</bf> a commercial for HP
production of any means! In fact, a series of HP computers I have been using
has delivered failures in power supply units, problems with hard disks etc.
On the other side, laptop's batteries get exhausted earlier than expected.
Other than these issues, HP machines are fine.</em>
<p>
<bf>HP Omnibook 6000</bf>
A laptop computer Omnibook 6000 is equipped with a 'bootable' DVD
drive and recently, at an ICT conference, I bought a bootable DVD-ROM
with Mandrake Linux 9.1 installation. After booting the laptop with
that bootable DVD, it gets directly to the Linux installation menu.
<p>
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (used as a server)</bf>
In opposite, an HP Vectra VL420 doesn't have a DVD drive (it only
has a CD drive), so the direct installation from that particular
installation DVD is not possible. But, an option of making
a bootable floppy disk for starting the installation procedure
<em>is</em> possible. In fact, several boot images are available
for those users who don't have (bootable or not) DVD drive. One
of the images is a 'network' one. That means, in a local area network
there has to be either a NFS, FTP or HTTP server from which the
installation will take place.
<p>
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (used as a workstation)</bf>
Another VL420 desktop system I also use, has a spare HDD from a
previous Windows 2000 server installation (actually, that IDE disk was moved
from the other computer where it was a primary one and here it is the second
one disk for backup data). The nice things is that it has a HTTP and FTP
servers installed (of course, usable if the system is boot from that disk).
That was good so I could use one of these servers now.
So, I made a 'network' bootable floppy and booted the first Vectra
VL420 (intended to be a Linux server) with it. After a while, it
came to a point to choose the installation method (NFS or FTP or
HTTP server). At first, I wanted to use the second 'spare' HTTP
server at the other Vectra mentioned above, but regardless of what
permission I tried to give to the 'Everyone' group of Windows users,
I always got the following answer from the Linux setup:
Error: Couldn't get file ... (or something like that)
Then I tried to use the FTP 'spare' server from the second Vectra and at
first it also asked for local and remote IP addresses. That time successfully,
it started to load a part of the remote Linux files into its memory without
any complaint. Soon after, it came to the very same position as Omnibook
6000 did: it got directly to the installation menu, asking a user to choose
a language for the installation use.
>From that point, the setup process was almost the same...
I have chosen/confirmed the following items:
- a language to use, besides English(American) as default: I added
Unicode and Serbian (both Cyrillic and Latin);
- a mouse and keyboard;
- a security level - I accepted defaults: 'Standard' for laptop and 'Higher'
for server;
The next important task was to choose one of <em>DrakX</em>
partitioning options:
- for laptop I chose the 'Use the free space on the Windows
partition', because the laptop has one IDE hard disk and I wanted
it to use a part of it for Linux (besides existing Windows 2000 Prof.
already installed). Windows' Disk Management reported:
<p>
<verb>
Disk 0 15 MB FAT (HP Diagnostics or like)
7.13 GB FAT32 (C: "HPNOTEBOOK")
20.80 GB Free space
</verb>
The two partitions (FAT & FAT32) were made during the installation
procedure using HP's supplied installation CD's.
At the first moment, Linux setup complained that my Windows partition
"was too fragmented" and required me to reboot under Windows, run
the "defrag" utility, then restart the Mandrake Linux installation.
The defragmentation process have taken cca 1.5 hour to be completed!
When restarted the setup, it wanted to use 7.13 GB Windows partition,
instead of 20.80 GB. I chose to 'Use the free space'. Then it made partitions
for Linux: /dev/hda5 and /dev/hda7.
- for Vectra VL420 I used 'Custom disk partitioning' because there
I had two SCSI disks, one of them running Windows 2000 Server
already installed, and the other one I wanted to use entirely for a
Linux server. Btw, I wasn't sure what the option 'Erase entire disk'
would do during its next step (erase a whole disk or a partition?),
although it also may be the proper solution too. <em>DrakX</em>
recognized the two SCSI disks as <bf>sda</bf> and <bf>sdb</bf>
and I chose <bf>sdb</bf> to install Linux. The first step was to 'Clear
all' and after that to 'Auto allocate' the space on that second disk.
Finally, after a 'Done' it appeared to make /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb6
Linux partitions.
<sect1>What does LILO looks like on these HP products
<p>
<bf>HP Omnibook 6000</bf>
<p>
<verb>
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
vga=normal
default="windows"
keytable=/boot/us.klt
prompt
nowarn
timeout=100
message=/boot/message
menu-scheme=wb:bw:wb:bw
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label="linux"
root=/dev/hda5
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
append="quiet devfs=mount acpi=off"
read-only
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label="failsafe"
root=/dev/hda5
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
append="failsafe devfs=nomount acpi=off"
read-only
other=/dev/hda2 <--- /dev/hda1 seems to be reserved for some HP diags.
label="windows"
table=/dev/hda
other=/dev/fd0
label="floppy"
unsafe
</verb>
<p>
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (installed as a desktop client Linux system)</bf>
<p>
<verb>
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
vga=normal
default="windows"
keytable=/boot/us.klt
prompt
nowarn
timeout=100
message=/boot/message
menu-scheme=wb:bw:wb:bw
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label="linux"
root=/dev/hda5
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
append="quiet devfs=mount acpi=off"
vga=788 <--- that line is missing at laptop with LCD screen above.
read-only
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label="linux-nonfb"
root=/dev/hda5
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
append="devfs=mount acpi=off"
read-only
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label="failsafe"
root=/dev/hda5
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
append="failsafe devfs=nomount acpi=off"
read-only
other=/dev/hda1 <--- /dev/hda1 seems not to be reserved for HP diags here.
label="windows" There I have Windows 2000 Professional already
table=/dev/hda installed (probably without HP's supplied CD's).
other=/dev/hdb1 <--- that is the spare disk with Windows 2000 Server.
label="windows2" Actually I had some data on it and used it as a
table=/dev/hdb second, backup disk on that desktop workstation.
map-drive=0x80 I have never tried to boot the computer from it, but
to=0x81 Mandrake's setup offered it as a boot option.
map-drive=0x81 (And that was useful as a FTP server, needed to install
to=0x80 Mandrake Linux on the other box - without DVD drive too).
other=/dev/fd0
label="floppy"
unsafe
</verb>
<p>
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (installed as a desktop Linux system with server features)</bf>
<p>
<verb>
boot=/dev/sda <--- /dev/sda is the first SCSI disk where LILO resides (MBR).
map=/boot/map
vga=normal
default="windows"
keytable=/boot/us.klt
prompt
nowarn
timeout=100
message=/boot/message
menu-scheme=wb:bw:wb:bw
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label="linux"
root=/dev/sdb1 <--- /dev/sdb1 is the second SCSI disk where Linux resides.
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
append="quiet devfs=mount acpi=off"
vga=788
read-only
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label="linux-nonfb"
root=/dev/sdb1
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
append="devfs=mount acpi=off"
read-only
image=/boot/vmlinuz-secure
label="linux-secure" <--- something related to the Linux server security?
root=/dev/sdb1
initrd=/boot/initrd-secure.img
append="quiet devfs=mount acpi=off"
read-only
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label="failsafe"
root=/dev/sdb1
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
append="failsafe devfs=nomount acpi=off"
read-only
other=/dev/sda1 <--- /dev/sda1 is the first partition on the first SCSI disk where Windows resides.
label="windows"
table=/dev/sda
</verb>
<p>
<sect1>Conclusions
<p>
>From the examples above, you could see that I have been using
various computer forms with also various types of hard disk.
Somewhere there is only one IDE drive, somewhere else there are
two of them, otherwise there are a couple of SCSI drives etc. Regardless
of that, I always tried to put LILO into the MBR - located on the <em>first</em>
disk. Now it looks like that Linux finally managed to solve the old
<em>1024 cyl</em> problem. In fact, LILO seems to be capable to boot
Linux regardless it is placed close to the rest of Linux partitions or not.
<p>
There are some other considerations related to the experiment above,
but they are part of the other fine document:
<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
name="Linux+WindowsNT"> mini-HOWTO.
<p>
<sect>Bibliography
<p>
2003-11-09
2003-12-03
<em>Notice: Folks, I often visit some (inter)national
ICT conferences all around Serbia and Montenegro,
@ -1073,6 +1332,12 @@ combined!
Hartford, CT USA, 2003.
- "Favoritism", IEEE Potentials, Oct/Nov 2003
- "Alternative computer networks (2)", proceedings, "TELFOR",
Belgrade, Serbia, 2003.
- "With rule and regulation improvements to the progress (2)"
proceedings, "TELFOR", Belgrade, Serbia, 2003.
</verb></tscreen>
<p>
@ -1133,8 +1398,10 @@ some <em/foobarOS/, they deal with coexistence of
Linux and other operationg system(s). For example,
"NT OS Loader + Linux mini-HOWTO" by Bernd Reichert,
describes how to add an entry for Linux under existing
Windows NT Loader's menu. Next, you have "Linux+WindowsNT
mini-HOWTO" by myself, covering how to add an entry for NT
Windows NT Loader's menu. Next, you have
<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+WinNT.html"
name="Linux+WindowsNT"> mini-HOWTO by myself,
covering how to add an entry for NT
under existing Linux Lilo menu (more detailed than here).
Also, "Multiboot-with-LILO" describes how the various
Windows flavours can be made to coexist with Linux.
@ -1148,8 +1415,7 @@ url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
name="Linux Documentation Project">
homepage or this one: <url
url="http://www.tldp.org/"
name="Linux Documentation Project">.
</em>
name="Linux Documentation Project">.</em>
<sect1>Credits
@ -1259,11 +1525,10 @@ nature they change quickly so don't be too surprised if these links become
quickly outdated.
A good starting point is of course the
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
name="Linux Documentation Project"> home page, or this one: <url
url="http://www.tldp.org/"
name="Linux Documentation Project">,
an information central for documentation, project pages and much, much more.
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/" name="Linux Documentation Project">
home page, or this one: <url url="http://www.tldp.org/" name="Linux
Documentation Project">, an information central for documentation, project
pages and much, much more.
Please let me know if you have any other leads that can be of interest.
@ -1345,3 +1610,6 @@ little annoying.

628
LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Linux+WinNT.sgml
View File

@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
<title>Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO
<author>Miroslav "Misko" Skoric,
<tt/skoric at eunet dot yu/
<date>v2.16, 2003-11-09
<date>v2.17, 2003-12-07
<abstract>
<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot laptop</nidx>
<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot laptop hp</nidx>
This mini-HOWTO covers some ways on how to install both Linux
and Windows NT on the same computer and how to boot either of
them from within LILO menu. There is also another mini-HOWTO
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ version 5.0 this mini-HOWTO also covers upgrading from NT 4.0 to
<p>
More detailed information about LILO (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader) itself you
may find in wonderfull <url url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html"
may find in wonderfull <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html"
name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO.
@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary:
<p>
<em>Notice: Folks, you see, at my place, one of computers has several
SCSI disks. That's why I put the word 'SCSI' in parentheses. There I
have several SCSI controllers, SCSI CD ROM drive and SCSI Tape drive.
So, it doesn't mean that *you* will be using SCSI parts at all.
have a couple of SCSI controllers, a SCSI CD ROM drive and a SCSI
Tape drive. That doesn't mean that *you* will be using SCSI parts at all.
You'd rather handle more than one IDE disks, but I hope that install
process shouldn't change too much, if any.
</em>
@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ start from there happily.
</itemize>
<sect>How to install WINDOWS NT/2000 and LINUX on a <em>laptop</em>
<sect>How to install WINDOWS NT/2000 and LINUX (RedHat 7.1) on a <em>laptop</em>
<p>
<sect1>If you want to have *both* NT and 2000, besides Linux
@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ know when the boot floppy might be of help).
next system boot should take you into the Linux environment. Don't
be surprized when you don't see your beloved Windoze(s) boot
loader(s) anymore. You just have to look into the another great
Linux document, called <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LILO.html"name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO. There you'll find more detailed information
Linux document, called <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html"name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO. There you'll find more detailed information
about how <bf/LILO/ (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader) works.
<p>
@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ install Symantec's Norton System Works onto both Microsoft environments.
I did it successfully, but it seems that I have later entered a command
that resulted in changing something very important in the setup. In sum,
I have become not able to run both flavours of Windows properly. Looks
that it was the right time to re-install all stuff :-)
that it was the right time to re-install all the stuff again :-)
</em>
<p>
@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ know when that boot floppy might be useful).
next system boot should take you into the Linux environment. Don't
be surprized when you don't see your beloved Windoze(s) boot
loader(s) anymore. You just have to look into the another great
Linux document, called <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LILO.html"name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO. There you'll find more detailed information
Linux document, called <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html"name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO. There you'll find more detailed information
about how <bf/LILO/ (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader) works.
<p>
@ -1006,11 +1006,596 @@ between these two operating systems (probably it will be also FAT).
</itemize>
<sect>How to install Mandrake Linux 9.1 on HP products
<p>
2003-11-19
<p>
<sect1>Description of the products used in this experiment
<p>
<em>Notice: Folks, that part of the article is <bf>NOT</bf> a commercial
for HP production of any means! In fact, a series of their machines I use has lots
of failures in the power supply units, as well as with their hard disks. On
the other side, laptop's batteries get exhausted earlier than expected.
Other than these issues, HP machines are fine.</em>
<p>
<bf>HP Omnibook 6000</bf>
A laptop computer Omnibook 6000 is equipped with a bootable DVD
drive. On the other hand I have supplied a bootable DVD-ROM
with Mandrake Linux 9.1 installation. After booting the laptop with
that bootable DVD, it gets directly to the installation menu,
asking the user to choose a language to use for the rest of the
installation.
<p>
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (used as a server)</bf>
In opposite, an HP Vectra VL420 doesn't have a DVD drive (it only
has a CD drive), so the direct installation from that particular
installation DVD is not possible. But, an option of making
a bootable floppy disk for starting the installation procedure
<em>is</em> possible. In fact, several boot images are available
for those users who don't have (bootable or not) DVD drive. One
of the images is a 'network' one. That means, in a local area network
there has to be either a NFS, FTP or HTTP server from which the
installation will take place.
<p>
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (used as a workstation)</bf>
Another VL420 desktop system I also use, has a spare HDD from a
previous Windows 2000 server installation (actually, that IDE disk was moved
from the other computer where it was a primary one and here it is the second
one disk for backup data). The nice things is that it has a HTTP and FTP
servers installed (of course, usable if the system is boot from that disk).
That was good so I could use one of these servers now. On the other hand,
that particular Vectra VL420 was used to install a workstation kind of Linux
(that time, using its first hard disk - having Windows 2000 Professional).
<p>
<sect1>Installation procedure
<p>
<bf>System boot of the laptop</bf>
<p>
As explained earlier, the laptop has a bootable DVD drive, so that's it.
<p>
<bf>System boot of desktop machines</bf>
<p>
So, I made a 'network' bootable floppy and booted the first Vectra
VL420 (intended to be a Linux server) with it. After a while, it
came to a point to choose the installation method (NFS or FTP or
HTTP server). At first, I wanted to use the second 'spare' HTTP
server on the other Vectra, but regardless of what permission I tried
to give to the 'Everyone' group of Windows users, I always got the
following answer from the Linux setup:
Error: Couldn't get file ... (or something like that)
Then I tried to use the 'spare' FTP server from the second Vectra and, at
first, it also asked for local and remote IP addresses. That time successfully,
it started to load a part of the remote Linux files into its memory without
any complaint. Soon after, it came to the very same position as Omnibook
6000 did: it got directly to the installation menu, asking a user to choose
a language for the installation use.
>From that point, the setup process was almost the same...
I have chosen/confirmed the following items:
- a language to use, besides English(American) as default: I added
Unicode and Serbian (both Cyrillic and Latin);
- a mouse and keyboard;
- a security level - I accepted defaults: 'Standard' for laptop and 'Higher'
for server;
The next important task was to choose one of <em>DrakX</em>
partitioning options:
- for laptop I chose the 'Use the free space on the Windows
partition', because the laptop has one IDE hard disk and I wanted
it to use a part of it for Linux (besides existing Windows 2000 Prof.
already installed). Windows' Disk Management reported:
<p>
<verb>
Disk 0 15 MB FAT (HP Diagnostics or like)
7.13 GB FAT32 (C: "HPNOTEBOOK")
20.80 GB Free space
</verb>
The two partitions (FAT & FAT32) were made during the installation
procedure, using HP's supplied installation CD's.
At the first moment, Linux setup complained that my Windows partition
"was too fragmented" and required me to reboot under Windows, run
the "defrag" utility, then restart the Mandrake Linux installation.
The defragmentation process have taken cca 1.5 hour to be completed!
When restarted the setup, it wanted to use 7.13 GB Windows partition,
instead of 20.80 GB. I chose to 'Use the free space'. Then it made partitions
for Linux: /dev/hda5 and /dev/hda7.
- for Vectra VL420 I used 'Custom disk partitioning' because there
I had two SCSI disks, one of them running Windows 2000 Server
already installed, and the other one I wanted to use entirely for a
Linux server. Btw, I wasn't sure what the option 'Erase entire disk'
would do during its next step (erase a whole disk or a partition?),
although it also may be the proper solution too. <em>DrakX</em>
recognized the two SCSI disks as <bf>sda</bf> and <bf>sdb</bf>
and I chose <bf>sdb</bf> to install Linux. The first step was to 'Clear
all' and after that to 'Auto allocate' the space on that second disk.
Finally, after a 'Done' it appeared to make /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb6
Linux partitions.
<bf>Package Group Selection</bf>
<p>
Per default, the Mandrake 9.1 setup offers the following to be
installed:
<p>
<verb>
- Office Workstation
- Internet Workstation
- KDE Workstation
- Gnome Workstation
</verb>
that is in sum: Total size 1010/5267 (at laptop) and 1066/5265 (at server).
- for laptop I added all that was available, <em>excepting</em> 6 'Server'
items (1612/5267),
<p>
- for server I added all that was available, <em>including</em> 6 'Server'
items (1708/5265).
Then I got an info, related to selecting following servers (?) on laptop:
<p>
cups, postfix, rwho, webmin
and on server box:
<p>
cups, openssh-server, postfix, proftpd, rwho, webmin, ypserv, bind and
nfs-utils.
Although I was confused about the 'servers' to be installed on a laptop,
I have accepted those things to be installed, considering them needed
for the proper installation of other packages.
The installation started ...
Interestingly, although the installation on the laptop was performed
directly from its DVD drive, the package installation process was
significantly faster on the server box. I suppose that was due the
difference in performances between server's SCSI disk and laptop's
IDE disk.
After that step was finished, and after entering a password for root, setup
asked to 'Enter a user' (an ordinary user). The difference between laptop
and server installation was that the latter offered some additional tasks
for the (ordinary) user:
<p>
<verb>
- access to compilation tools (ctools)
- access to rpm tools (rpm)
- access to X programs (xgrp)
- access to network tools (ntools)
- access to administrative files (adm)
- allow "su" (wheel)
</verb>
... and that should be the same for other (new added) users.
Then laptop suggested to 'set up computer to automatically log on one user'.
I didn't accept such a solution because I wanted each user to enter his/her
password <em>every</em> time he/she is about to log on to the system.
On the other hand, server's setup skipped that particular step and asked
where to install the bootloader. I have chosen to use 'First sector of drive (MBR)'.
Soon after, a 'Summary' screen appeared, so I could fine tune the installation.
I changed the following items:
<p>
<verb>
- timezone: Belgrade (both machines)
- Graphical Interface (reported as 'not configured' on the laptop? - I tried
with 'Flat Panel 1400 x 1050' because that resolution runs fine under
Windows), X server: Rage Mobility, XFree 4.3 and 16 million colors -
24 bits). On laptop, I chose XFree to start when I reboot. On server, it
offered 800 x 600 - due to a recognized monitor Samsung SyncMaster
510(M)s (CHA5807*) and card ATI Rage 128 and 16 bit - 65 thousand color.
- Sound card: laptop is ESS Technology|ES1983S Maestro-3i|PCI Audio and
server is Intel Corporation|ICH2 810 Chipset AC'97 Audio Controller.
- Network: with 'Use auto detection'. Results: on laptop it recognized 'LAN
connection - ethernet card(s) detected'; on server it recognized
nothing. So, on server I chose to configure 'LAN connection'.
Drivers are: 3c59x (laptop), eepro100 (server).
IP addresses for both laptop and server.
Host name: laptop, server, Gateway:
- Firewall: disabled (def.)
- Botloader: lilo-graphic on /dev/hda (laptop)
lilo-graphic on /dev/sda (server)
default boot: windows on /dev/hda2 (laptop)
windows on /dev/sda1 (server)
- Services: 32 activated for 47 registered (laptop)
24 activated for 60 registered (server)
</verb>
Soon after ...
<tt>Congratulations, installation is complete.</tt>
(reboot)
<p>
<bf>Installation results</bf>
<p>
The next Windows boot made a screen 'System Settings Change': Windows
2000 has finished installing new devices. You must restart your computer
before the new settings will take effect. Do you want to restart
your computer now? Well, I said <Yes>
Windows' Disk Management has showed new Linux partitions:
<p>
<verb>
- laptop: 5.85 GB Healthy \
Disk 0 495 MB Healthy - all 3 are logical drives within the extended one
27.95 GB 14.46 GB Healthy /
- server: 5.85 GB Healthy - primary partition
Disk 1 494 MB Healthy \
17.12 GB 10.79 GB Healthy - these 2 are logical drives within the extended one
</verb>
It seems that <tt>/boot</tt> and <tt>/swap</tt> partitions are very similar in size,
regardless the disk sizes, but <tt>/</tt> (root, home etc) partitions depend on
disk size. Note that at my 'laptop' box I used the same HD of 27.95 GB for both
Windows and Linux (for Windows 7.13 GB FAT32 of 27.95 GB available, the rest,
cca 20 GB for Linux).
At the 'server' box I have two HD's of 17.12 GB each, and I used Disk 0 (the 1st
one) entirely for Windows 2000 Server, and Disk 1 (the 2nd one) entirely for Linux.
The first Mandrake Linux boot screen:
- laptop: a screen with only a name of a user (no root available!),
Reboot and Halt buttons.
- server: a screen with 'Enter Login', 'Enter Password' and 'Session type' (no
name of a user appeared).
First Time Wizard: Default KDE (both)
...
What about the Ctrl-Alt-Del action:
- laptop: a screen 'End Session for "username"' What do you want to do next?
Login as different user, Turn off computer, Restart computer, OK and Cancel
buttons.
- server: a screen 'End Session for "username"', Logout and Cancel buttons.
After choosing Login as different user (at laptop), or Logout (at server), what
appeared were the same screens as described in 'The first Mandrake Linux boot
screen' section.
Shoud you want to learn more about LILO (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader), configurated to
boot the systems in the examples above, you should refer to the
<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html" name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO.
<p>
<bf>HP Vectra VL420 (workstation - desktop client)</bf>
As mentioned before, HP Vectra VL420 doesn't have a DVD drive (it
only has a CD drive), so the installation from that particular
DVD installation was not possible. But, an option of making
a bootable floppy disk for it was possible. In fact, several
boot images are available for those users who don't have
(bootable or not) DVD drive. One of the images was a 'network'
one. That means, in a local network there should be a NFS, FTP
or HTTP server from which the installation will take place.
As earlier explained, a Windows 2000 server machine (that I
earlier used for Mandrake Linux server installation), has HTTP
and FTP servers installed. That was good so I could use
one of them now.
So, I used the 'network' bootable floppy and booted Vectra VL420
with it. After a while, it came to a point to choose the installation
method (NFS or FTP or HTTP server). At first I wanted to use my
HTTP server but regardless of what permission I gave to 'Everyone'
I always got the answer from Linux installation program:
Error: Couldn't get file ...
Then I tried to use my FTP server (on the same Windows server)
and it also asked for IP local and remote addresses. Then it
started to load a part of the remote files into its memory.
Soon after, it came to the very same position as Omnibook 6000
did: it gets directly to the installation menu,
asking for choosing a language to use.
>From that point, the installation procedure was almost the same...
I have chosen/confirmed the following items:
<p>
<verb>
- a language to use - besides English(American) I also added
Unicode and Serbian, both Cyrillic and Latin;
- a mouse and keyboard;
- a security level - default 'Standard';
</verb>
The next important point was to choose one of DrakX partitioning
options:
- At first I used the 'Use the free space on the Windows
partition' because it has one IDE hard disk and I wanted it to
use a part of it for Linux (besides existing Windows 2000 Prof.
already installed).
At the first moment, Linux setup complained that my Windows partition
"was too fragmented" and asked me to reboot under Windows, run
the "defrag" utility, then restart the Mandrake Linux installation.
After defragmentation process was finished, I tried once again the
'Use the free space on the Windows partition' but it wanted just
to 'shrink' Windows partition from cca 30 gig to cca 28 gig. Then
I used Partition Magic software and tried to shrink it to cca 20 GB
in order to get more free space for Linux.
Than I tried 'Custom disk partitioning', chose the first IDE disk
(hda) of 27GB, chose action 'Resize'. That one option was not good
because it just offered Windows partition to get larger instead of
smaller than before. Finally I used 'Use the free space' and it
automatically made Linux partitions. In fact, on that one Vectra I
have two IDE disks, one of them having Windows 2000 Server
already installed, and the other one having Windows 2000 Prof. that
I wanted to use partly for Linux. After 'Done' it came to making
/dev/hda5 and /dev/hda7.
<bf>Package Group Selection</bf>
Per default, Mandrake installation offers the following:
<p>
<verb>
- Office Workstation
- Internet Workstation
- KDE Workstation
- Gnome Workstation
</verb>
in sum, Total size 1009/5105 (client).
- for client I added everything else (1638/5105), excepting 6 'Server' items.
Then I got an info, related to selecting following server(s) on client:
<p>
cups, postfix, rwho, webmin
I have accepted those things to be installed.
The installation started ...
After that step was finished, and after entering password for root, setup
asked to 'Enter a user' (an ordinary user). The difference between client
and server installation was that the latter offered some additional tasks
for the user:
<p>
<verb>
- access to compilation tools (ctools)
- access to rpm tools (rpm)
- access to X programs (xgrp)
- access to network tools (ntools)
- access to administrative files (adm)
- allow "su" (wheel)
</verb>
... and that would be the same for other (new added) users.
Then client suggested to 'set up computer to automatically log on one user'.
I didn't accept that because I wanted each user to enter his/her password
every time he/she is about to login to the system.
Soon after, a 'Summary' screen appeared, so I could tune the installation.
I changed the following items:
<p>
<verb>
- timezone: Belgrade
- Graphical Interface: it offered 1280 x 1024 - due to a 'custom' monitor
and card NVIDIA GeForce2 DDR (generic) - 24 bit 16 million colors.
- Sound card: Intel Corporation|ICH2 810 Chipset AC'97 Audio Controller.
- Network: with 'Use auto detection'. Results: recognized nothing. So, I
chose to configure 'LAN connection'.
Driver is: eepro100.
IP address
Host name: client, Gateway:
- Firewall: disabled (def.)
- Botloader: lilo-graphic on /dev/hda
default boot: windows on /dev/hda1
- Services: 32 activated for 47 registered (the same as laptop)
</verb>
Soon after ...
<tt>Congratulations, installation is complete.</tt>
(reboot)
<p>
<bf>Installation results (all 3 systems)</bf>
<p>
<verb>
- laptop options: windows, linux, failsafe, floppy;
- client options: windows, linux, linux-nonfb, failsafe, windows2, floppy
- server options: windows, linux, linux-nonfb, linux-secure, failsafe
</verb>
Notes:
<p>
- 'windows2' option at the client box is, in fact, Windows 2000
Server installation located on the second HD.
<p>
- Not sure why 'laptop' doesn't have 'linux-nonfb' <em>text</em> boot option,
although it looks like it boots to Linux in just like that mode (maybe it is a matter
of the laptop's LCD screen capabilities or something like that). On the other hand,
client and server differ in floppy and linux-secure options (perhaps as some
security measures or like).
<p>
- 'linux-secure' option at the server box may be a result of a 'Higher' security
level, that I have chosen at the beginning of the installation or, maybe, there are
some special server security features.
The next Windows boot made a screen 'System Settings Change': Windows 2000
has finished installing new devices. You must restart your computer
before the new settings will take effect. Do you want to restart
your computer now? Well, I said Yes.
Windows Disk Management has showed new Linux partitions
(comparison of 3 systems):
<p>
<verb>
- laptop: 5.85 GB Healthy \
Disk 0 495 MB Healthy - all 3 are logical drives within the extended one
27.95 GB 14.46 GB Healthy /
- client: 5.68 GB Healthy \
Disk 0 494 MB Healthy - all 3 are logical drives within the extended one
37.28 GB 3.52GB Healthy / (same as laptop)
- server: 5.85 GB Healthy - primary partition
Disk 1 494 MB Healthy \
17.12 GB 10.79 GB Healthy - these two are logical drives within extended
</verb>
It seems that <tt>/boot</tt> and <tt>/swap</tt> partitions are very similar in size,
regardless the disk sizes, but <tt>/</tt> (root, home etc) partitions depend on disk
size. Note that at my 'client' box I used the same HD of 37.28 GB for both
Windows and Linux (for Windows 27.60 GB NTFS of 37.28 GB available, the rest,
cca 10 GB for Linux).
At the 'server' box I have two HD's of 17.12 GB each, and I used Disk 0 (the 1st
one) entirely for Windows 2000 Server, and Disk 1 (the 2nd one) entirely for Linux.
That's why Mandrake setup allocated 'less' space for / at the larger disk (in fact,
at the 'server' box, it allocated relatively much more space for / even that HD
is smaller - because that HD is 'dedicated' for Linux only.
The first Mandrake Linux boot screen:
- laptop: a screen with only a name of a user (no root available!),
Reboot and Halt buttons.
- client: a screen with only a name of a user (no root available!),
Reboot and Halt buttons.
- server: a screen with 'Enter Login', 'Enter Password' and 'Session type' (no
name of a user appeared, but root may also login there!).
First Time Wizard: Default KDE (client, just like the others)
There is a difference between KDE screens at client and server: the client
VL420 offers 'CD-ROM mounted at /mnt/cdrom' and 'Floppy mounted at
/mnt/floppy' but server Vectra VL420 (having the same type of devices!) doesn't.
Besides that, if a flash storage is connected to a USB port, <em>before</em>
Linux being started, there will also appear an icon for it. Interestingly, at server
there's no something like that. I consider, that is also a matter of the difference
between the client and server types of Mandrake Linux installations, or maybe a
matter of some security measures for server-type installations. Whatever it is,
I see that as a shortage of confortable for Mandrake Linux servers. Case some
of you, the readers, has some workarounds on that issues, your contributions
are welcomed!
Besides that, KDE's Panel at client offers 'Mandrake Control Center - System
configuration tool' (although useful only under root privileges), and KDE's Panel
at server doesn't have that (in fact, an 'ordinary' user may access the same tool
from the Start Applications menu and, again, to use it after the root's password
entered). It makes me wonder why they at Mandrake did it like that. Maybe they
didn't want 'ordinary' users to access some configuration tools as easily ...
...
What about the Ctrl-Alt-Del:
- laptop: a screen 'End Session for "username"' What do you want to do next?
Login as different user, Turn off computer, Restart computer, OK and
Cancel buttons.
- client: a screen 'End Session for "username"' What do you want to do next?
Login as different user, Turn off computer, Restart computer, OK and
Cancel buttons.
- server: a screen 'End Session for "username"', Logout and Cancel buttons.
After choosing Login as different user what appeared were the same screen as
described in 'The first Mandrake Linux boot screen' section.
Shoud you want to learn more about LILO (<bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader), configurated to
boot the systems in the examples above, you should refer to the
<url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LILO.html" name="LILO"> mini-HOWTO.
There is also a difference between client and server behavior when it is about
to shutdown (halt) the system. A user is capable to halt the system even from
the login screen at client (that is not available at server). On the other hand,
a user has to know root password to halt the system at server.
<sect1>General issues with the Mandrake 9.1 Linux installation
<p>
A 'Network' bootable installation floppy should also be capable to reach
Mandrake installation files not only from NFS, FTP or HTTP servers, but
files that are copied to shared disks on machines within the local network.
When an image is called a 'Network' image, that means, IMHO, all kinds of
network locations should be accessible - NOT only those specific server-type
locations like NFS, FTP or HTTP servers. In fact, if a user in a local
network doesn't have NFS, FTP or HTTP servers, but has the installation
packages copied somewhere else on the LAN, there should be a way to
access those packages too.
The workstation-like installations do not offer a 'root' account to be used from
the graphical login window (I suppose that 'su' or 'sudo' actions are available
- I haven't tested them yet). That might be a problem in cases when a user
misconfigures his/her account and when the administrator has to login to the
system to fix that problem. At the moment, I am not sure how the admininistrator
could do that without having the 'root' login ability (perhaps using virtual text
consoles accessed with CTRL-ALT-F1, CTRL-ALT-F2 ... , then starting GUI
if needed, etc ...)
<p>
<bf>Some issues <em>after</em> the Mandrake 9.1 Linux installation:</bf>
<p>
Talking about the behavior of Mandrake 9.1 - related to the type of installation
(a workstation or a workstation/server combination) - it seems that there are
some other differences. As already mentioned, on a workstation desktop there
are icons for CD and FD drives (although maybe not already being
<em>mounted</em> at the moment of the system boot). As well, if a USB flash
storage is connected to the USB port, there is also an icon of an <em>sda</em>
(SCSI ?) USB storage available. On the other hand, in case of workstation/server
installations - there are no icons of those devices at all. It seems that the server
installation considers that is better to live withouth these devices in case of a
server :-) Any comments are welcomed.
<p>
Related to writing and testing HOWTO's. I prefer to write a 'howto' document
using a text editor and make it with a <tt>.sgml</tt> extension. Then I use the old,
good <tt>sgml2html</tt> tool to make HTML pages, in order to check how these
pages will look like. Well, that's ok under Red Hat 7.1 but under Mandrake 9.1 it
seems that I am not able to find the same tool. Any idea on that task?
<p>
<sect>Bibliography
<p>
2003-11-09
2003-12-03
<em>Notice: Folks, I often visit some (inter)national
ICT conferences all around Serbia and Montenegro,
@ -1113,6 +1698,12 @@ combined!
Hartford, CT USA, 2003.
- "Favoritism", IEEE Potentials, Oct/Nov 2003
- "Alternative computer networks (2)", proceedings, "TELFOR",
Belgrade, Serbia, 2003.
- "With rule and regulation improvements to the progress (2)"
proceedings, "TELFOR", Belgrade, Serbia, 2003.
</verb></tscreen>
<p>
@ -1171,10 +1762,9 @@ Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO.
<em>This mini-HOWTO would be improved from time to time. If you think
that the HOWTO on your Linux installation CD is some out-of-date, you
may check for newest release on the Internet. It could be found within
the main <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
name="Linux Documentation Project">
homepage.
</em>
the main <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/" name="Linux Documentation Project">
homepage or this one: <url url="http://www.tldp.org/"
name="Linux Documentation Project">.</em>
<sect1>Credits
<p>
@ -1282,9 +1872,10 @@ nature they change quickly so don't be too surprised if these links become
quickly outdated.
A good starting point is of course the
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
name="Linux Documentation Project"> home page,
an information central for documentation, project pages and much, much more.
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/" name="Linux Documentation Project">
home page, or this one: <url url="http://www.tldp.org/" name="Linux
Documentation Project"> an information central for documentation, project
pages and much, much more.
Please let me know if you have any other leads that can be of interest.
@ -1363,3 +1954,6 @@ little annoying.