mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
updated
This commit is contained in:
gferg
parent
9bf30a5e70
commit
a58d122bc5
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
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<url url="mailto:konst@linuxassembly.org" name="Konstantin Boldyshev"> and
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<url url="mailto:fare@tunes.org" name="Francois-Rene Rideau">
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<date>v0.5l, August 23, 2000
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<date>v0.5m, October 22, 2000
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<abstract>
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This is the Linux Assembly HOWTO.
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@ -161,6 +161,11 @@ I would like to thank following persons, by order of appearance:
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Each version includes a few fixes and minor corrections,
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that need not to be repeatedly mentioned every time.
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<descrip>
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<tag/Version 0.5m 22 Oct 2000/
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Linux 2.4 system calls can have 6 args,
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Added ALD note to FAQ,
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fixed mailing list subscribe address
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<tag/Version 0.5l 23 Aug 2000/
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Added TDASM, updates on NASM
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@ -809,9 +814,11 @@ from the cell pointed to by <tt/%ebp/).
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A program exists to help you convert programs
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from TASM syntax to AT&T syntax. See
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<url url="ftp://x2ftp.oulu.fi/pub/msdos/programming/convert/ta2asv08.zip">.
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(Since the original x2ftp site is closing (no more?), use a
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<!--
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(Since the original x2ftp site is closing (no more?), use a
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<url url="ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/pc/x2ftp/README.mirror_sites"
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name="mirror site">).
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-->
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There also exists a program for the reverse conversion:
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<url url="http://www.multimania.com/placr/a2i.html">.
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@ -1561,13 +1568,20 @@ examine <ref id="res" name="Linux Assembly resources">.
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Basically, you issue an <tt/int 0x80/,
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with the <tt/__NR_/syscallname number
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(from <tt>asm/unistd.h</tt>)
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in <tt/eax/, and parameters (up to five) in
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<tt/ebx, ecx, edx, esi, edi/ respectively.
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in <tt/eax/, and parameters (up to six [*]) in
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<tt/ebx, ecx, edx, esi, edi, ebp [*]/ respectively ([*] - Linux 2.4 only,
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previous versions have only 5 parameters).
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Result is returned in <tt/eax/, with a negative result being an error,
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whose opposite is what libc would put in <tt/errno/.
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The user-stack is not touched,
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so you needn't have a valid one when doing a syscall.
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<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/lki/" name="Linux Kernel Internals">,
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and especially
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<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/lki/Linux-Kernel-Internals-2.html#ss2.11"
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name="How System Calls Are Implemented on i386 Architecture?">
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chapter will give you more robust overview.
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As for the invocation arguments passed to a process upon startup,
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the general principle is that the stack
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originally contains the number of arguments <tt/argc/,
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@ -1897,17 +1911,16 @@ If you're are interested in Linux/UNIX assembly programming
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(or have questions, or are just curious)
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I especially invite you to join Linux assembly programming mailing list.
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This is an open discussion of assembly programming under Linux, FreeBSD, BeOS,
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This is an open discussion of assembly programming under Linux, *BSD, BeOS,
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or any other UNIX/POSIX like OS; also it is not limited to x86 assembly
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(Alpha, Sparc, PPC and other hackers are welcome too!).
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To subscribe send a blank message to <url url="mailto:linux-assembly-subscribe@egroups.com">.
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List address is <url url="mailto:linux-assembly@egroups.com">.
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To subscribe send a blank message to <url url="mailto:linux-assembly@egroups.com">.
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List archives are available at <url url="http://www.egroups.com/list/linux-assembly/">.
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<sect1>Frequently asked questions (with answers)<label id="faq">
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<p>
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Here are frequently asked questions. Answers are taken
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@ -1971,13 +1984,15 @@ and get it working. After that, the sky's the limit.
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<sect2>How do I debug pure assembly code under Linux?
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<p>
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If you're using <tt/gas/, you should consult
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<url url="http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~bjorn/CS200/linux_tutorial/"
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name="Linux assembly Tutorial"> by Bjorn Chambless.
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There's an early version of the
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<url url="http://www.ellipse.magenet.com/ald.html"
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name="Assembly Language Debugger">,
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which is designed to work with assembly code,
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and is portable enough to run on Linux and *BSD.
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It is already functional and should be the right choice, check it out!
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With <tt/nasm/ situation is a bit different, since it doesnot
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support gdb specific debugging extensions.
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Although <tt/gdb/ is source-level debugger, it can be used to debug
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You can also try <tt/gdb/ ;).
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Although it is source-level debugger, it can be used to debug
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pure assembly code, and with some trickery you can make <tt/gdb/ to do what you need.
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Here's an answer from <url url="mailto:dl@gazeta.ru" name="Dmitry Bakhvalov">:
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@ -2023,6 +2038,10 @@ If you want to set breakpoints across your code, you can just use
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<tt/int 3/ instruction as breakpoint (instead of entering address
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manually in <tt/gdb/).
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If you're using <tt/gas/, you should consult <tt/gas/ and <tt/gdb/ related
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<url url="http://linuxassembly.org/resources.html#tutorials" name="tutorials">.
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<sect2>Any other useful debugging tools?
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<p>
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Definitely <tt/strace/ can help a lot (<tt/ktrace/ and <tt/kdump/ on FreeBSD),
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@ -2035,7 +2054,7 @@ Read its manual page (<tt/man strace/) and <tt/strace --help/ output for details
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Noway. This is protected mode, use OS services instead.
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Again, you can't use <tt/int 0x10/, <tt/int 0x13/, etc.
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Fortunately almost everything can be implemented
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through system calls or library functions.
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by means of system calls or library functions.
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In the worst case you may go through direct port access,
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or make a kernel patch to implement needed functionality.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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<title>BogoMips mini-Howto
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<author>Wim van Dorst, <htmlurl url="mailto:baron@clifton.hobby.nl"
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name="baron@clifton.hobby.nl">
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<date>Version 2000-09-22
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<date>Version 2000-10-21
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<abstract>
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This text gives some information about BogoMips, compiled
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from various sources such as news and e-mail.
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@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ ratings, are reported directly to me, or published on Usenet.
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<sect1>The highest single-CPU Linux boot sequence BogoMips value
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Robert A. Morris, <tt/ramorris@yifan.net/
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<item>AMD Athlon at 800MHz
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<item>1605.63 BogoMips
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<item>Rob Farrell <tt/rpf@speakeasy.net/
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<item>Intel Pentium III, at 866 MHz
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<item>1723.60 BogoMips
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</itemize>
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<sect1>The highest multiple-CPU Linux boot sequence BogoMips value
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Richard Langis, <tt/rlangis@primux.geekfest.net/
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<item>8x Pentium III (Xeon) at 500 MHz, SMP
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<item>3996.06 BogoMips
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<item>Peter Rival <tt/frival@zk3.dec.com/
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<item>31x Alpha EV67 CPUs, at 731 MHz, SMP
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<item>46170.90 BogoMips
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</itemize>
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<sect1>The highest non-Linux BogoMips value
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@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ something which is a fake. Hence, the BogoMips value
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gives some indication of the processor speed, but it is
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way too unscientific to be called anything but BogoMips.
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<p>
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The reasons (there are two) it is printed during bootup
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The reasons (there are two) it is printed during boot-up
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is that a) it is slightly useful for debugging and for
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checking that the computers caches and turbo button work,
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and b) Linus loves to chuckle when he sees confused
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@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ CPUs is similar but not the same.
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<sect1>How to determine what the current BogoMips rating is
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<p>
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There are three methods to determing the current BogoMips, viz.
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There are three methods to determine the current BogoMips, viz.
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<enum>
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<item>looking in <tt>/proc/cpuinfo</tt>, e.g., with
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@ -196,12 +196,12 @@ program. From the readme file by Jeff Tranter, <tt/jeff_tranter@mitel.com/:
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<quote>
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`Tired of rebooting your system so you can see how many
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BogoMIPS it's running at today? [...] "Bogomips" is a
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BogoMips it's running at today? [...] "Bogomips" is a
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standalone program that displays your system performance
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using one of the world's most recognized benchmarks. It
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uses the same code that is used in the Linux kernel while
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booting, but runs as a user program. [...] Version 1.3 of
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BogoMIPs is now portable and should run on any system
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BogoMips is now portable and should run on any system
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that supports an ANSI C compiler and library.'
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</quote>
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@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ referred to as BogoBoost software. Cyrix 5x86 and 6x86 CPUs may
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have their BogoMips improved drastically by branch-prediction
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(BIOS option). Note that the performance improvement may be
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marginal. There are several packages available for adjusting
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Cyrix CPUs, such as the bogoboost patch, cx5x86mod, and set6x86,
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Cyrix CPUs, such as the BogoBoost patch, cx5x86mod, and set6x86,
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all from the normal archives, in obvious places. It is reported
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the Cyrix 6x86 CPUs may give better performance when the kernel is
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compiled with 486-optimization, instead Pentium-optimization.
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@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ approximately 50 different countries. Note that the ratings here are
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|||
from the actual Linux booting sequence, except of course for the
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section on Non-Linux Systems.
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<sect1>Oddly or faultly configured 386 systems
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<sect1>Oddly or faultily configured 386 systems
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<p>
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||||
<verb>
|
||||
System BogoMips Reporter
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|
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@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
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Nx586/110 NexGen 81.51 Ron Marsh <rmarsh@plains.nodak.edu>
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||||
</verb>
|
||||
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<sect1>Oddly or faultly configured 486 systems
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||||
<sect1>Oddly or faultily configured 486 systems
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
System BogoMips Reporter
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||||
|
|
@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
486SX-U5/40 UMC 0c 26.63 Dusan Mihajlovic <zdule@herkules.co.yu>
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Oddly or faultly configured Pentium systems, or variations
|
||||
<sect1>Oddly or faultily configured Pentium systems, or variations
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
System BogoMips Reporter
|
||||
|
|
@ -937,6 +937,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
* Pentium/60 119.60 Luis Miguel Bruga <lmburga@ieee.org>
|
||||
Centaur C6-2/233 154.83 Joe Noble <noble@flashman.com>
|
||||
* Pentium/100 198.66 Patrick Nichols <pat@humbug.org.au>
|
||||
* Pentium/166 332.60 Electra Flarefire <bcrowe@optushome.com.au>
|
||||
* Centaur C6-2/200 398.13 Paolo Cravero <cravero@athena.polito.it>
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1042,6 +1043,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
Pentium II/466 462.03 Bjorn Lindgren <bjorn@chiba.cx>
|
||||
Pentium II/504 overcl 502.99 David Hand <dhand@best.com>
|
||||
Pentium II/515 514.46 NN <luckydaze@netzero.net>
|
||||
* Pentium II/272 542.31 Ton <ton@somedomain.com>
|
||||
* Pentium II/350 699.60 Teun Warnaar <tat@dds.nl>
|
||||
* Pentium II/350 699.50 Jan <jan-bruchsal@gmx.net>
|
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* Pentium II/400 794.62 Mark Dickie <mark@dickie29.freeserve.co.uk>
|
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|
|
@ -1082,6 +1084,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
* Pentium III/700 1441.79 <a.giachino@ekkinc.com>
|
||||
* Pentium III/730 1461.45 Timm Murray <admin@madtimes.com>
|
||||
* Pentium III/800 1592.52 Slawomir Axzkowski <slawek@talex.com.pl>
|
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* Pentium III/866 1723.60 Rob Farrell <rpf@speakeasy.net>
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
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<sect1>Normal Pentium variations: Cyrix, AMD
|
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|
|
@ -1214,6 +1217,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
AMD K6-2/338 overcl 675.02 Nicola Fabiano <mx8644@mclink.it>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/350 699.60 Juan Domenech <domenech@mail.seric.es>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/350 3D 699.60 Mirko Schur <mschur@t-online.de>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/350 699.60 Craig <craig@pop.uky.edu>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/350 3D 699.60 D. Breuer <dirk.breuer@post.rwth-aachen.de>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/366 732.36 Risto A. Paju <rp241@cam.ac.uk>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/366 734.00 Alex Montaron <canal@multimania.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1246,11 +1250,17 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
AMD K6-2/455 3D overcl 914.23 Graham Reed <grwr@ssm.ca>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/475 laptop 943.72 Chris Matthews <chris@masc.ca>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/475 overcl 950.27 Willow <el-baul@ole.com>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/475 overcl 950.27 Craig <craig@pop.uky.edu>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/500 999.42 Jon Berlin <jberlin@worldbank.org>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/500 3D 999.42 Laurent <blackm@pop.multimania.com>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/500 999.42 Robert <robert@mrcomputers.net>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/550 3D 1101.00 Jon Berlin <jberlin@worldbank.org>
|
||||
AMD K6-2/550 1101.00 James Yang <jamesy@no-email>
|
||||
AMD K6-2 550 1101.00 Hugh Wilson <hugh.e.wilson@gm.com>
|
||||
|
||||
AMD Duron/650 1294.34 Levi Ramsey <lramsey@student.umass.edu>
|
||||
AMD Duron/700 1395.92 N. Fabiano <nicola.fabiano@pg.infn.it>
|
||||
AMD Duron/700 1399.19 Stuart Trusty <stuart@linuxlabs.com>
|
||||
|
||||
AMD K7/500 498.07 Ludwig <cludwig@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de>
|
||||
AMD K7/550 548.86 Kieffer <Jerome.KIEFFER@crans.ens-cachan.fr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1268,12 +1278,11 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
* AMD K7/650 1297.61 Travis Brown <tfb999@yahoo.com>
|
||||
* AMD Athlon/700 1387.51 Bradley Lawrence <cecil@niagara.com>
|
||||
* AMD Athlon/700 1395.92 Joop Stakenborg <aba@casema.net>
|
||||
* AMD Athlon/700 1395.92 Martin Kamin <kamin@atlas.cz>
|
||||
* AMD Athlon/700 1412.30 Ulf Bartelt <ult@twc.de>
|
||||
) AMD Athlon/750 1494.22 A Galinovic <thehack@fly.srk.fer.hr>
|
||||
* AMD K7/750 1500.30 W Canaday <rgabill@ameritech.net>
|
||||
* AMD Athlon/800 1605.63 Robert A. Morris <ramorris@yifan.net>
|
||||
|
||||
AMD Duron/700 1395.92 N. Fabiano <nicola.fabiano@pg.infn.it>
|
||||
AMD Duron/700 1399.19 Stuart Trusty <stuart@linuxlabs.com>
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Normal Alpha systems
|
||||
|
|
@ -1285,7 +1294,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
21064/150 Jensen 149.49 J.L. Brothers <brothers@halcyon.com>
|
||||
21064/150 Jensen 148.89 Martin Osterman <ost@comnets.rwth-aachen.de>
|
||||
|
||||
21064A/233 AS225 Avanti 228.58 Roberto Giungato <giungator@acm.org>
|
||||
21064A/233 AS225 Avanti 228.58 Roberto Giungato <r.giungato@computer.org>
|
||||
21064A/233 Avanti 230.16 Rich Griswold <rgriswold@us.ibm.com>
|
||||
21064A/275 Cabriolet 271.58 Michal Jaegermann <michal@phys.ualberta.ca>
|
||||
21064A/275 Cabriolet 272 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@cc.helsinki.fi>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1450,6 +1459,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
|
||||
Sparc Ultra I/143 278.00 Helmut <helmut@cancon.com>
|
||||
Sparc Ultra I sun4u 284.05 Iban Cardona <icc@seric.es>
|
||||
Sparc Ultra I sun4u 333.41 Roberto Giungato <r.giungato@computer.org>
|
||||
Sparc Ultra II/270 539.03 Pieter Krul <pieter@dare.demon.nl>
|
||||
Sparc Ultra II/360 719.26 Bjoern Augustsson <d3august@dtek.chalmers.se>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1590,7 +1600,7 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
SMP2 Celeron/400 798.21 Stefan Onderka <nop@gameart.com>
|
||||
SMP2 Celeron/450 894.57 Stephan Eisler <stephan@lingo.gun.sub.org>
|
||||
SMP2 Celeron/500 999.42 Ingimar Rovertsson <iar@skyrr.is>
|
||||
SMP2 Celeron/500 999.42 Rob Farrell <rpf@home.com>
|
||||
SMP2 Celeron/500 999.42 Rob Farrell <rpf@speakeasy.net>
|
||||
SMP2 Celeron/515 overc 1028.92 Ryan Werber <rwerber@ctel.net>
|
||||
SMP2 Celeron/550 overc 1101.00 Olof Zachrisson <eraolza@ks.ericsson.se>
|
||||
SMP2 Celeron/550 overc 1101.00 John Katagawa <dhc@50k.com>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1610,10 +1620,14 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
SMP2 Pentium III/650 1300.88 Dan Kegel <dank@alumni.caltech.edu>
|
||||
SMP4 Pentium III/450 1794.00 Glenn Stone <glenns@ami.com>
|
||||
SMP4 Pentium III/550 2195.46 Yan P. Yuan <Yanping.Yuan@EMBL-Heidelberg.de>
|
||||
* SMP2 Pentium III/600 2401.89 Shawn Hicks <shicks@impulse.net>
|
||||
* SMP2 Pentium III/600 2401.89 John Wiggins <jwiggins@csce.uark.edu>
|
||||
* SMP2 Pentium III/750 3001.55 Jesse Tie Ten Quee <tie@mountlinux.com>
|
||||
SMP8 Pentium III/500 3996.06 Richard Langis <rlangis@primux.geekfest.net>
|
||||
|
||||
SMP2 Sparc SS/50 99.84 Dimitris Tsifakis <sv1det@freemail.gr>
|
||||
|
||||
SMP31 EV67/731 Wildf. 46170.90 Peter Rival <frival@zk3.dec.com>
|
||||
</verb>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>Non-Linux systems (reference only)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1714,17 +1728,14 @@ section on Non-Linux Systems.
|
|||
|
||||
<sect>Signature
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
I never think that having three children is any sort of a burden,
|
||||
quite contrarily. Of course, we did notice that having three kids around can
|
||||
require some proper regulating and scheduling, all quite acceptable
|
||||
and doable. Last week both <htmlurl url="mailto:roderick@clifton.hobby.nl"
|
||||
name="Roderick"> and his sister <htmlurl url="mailto:isolde@clifton.hobby.nl"
|
||||
name="Isolde"> stayed at their grandparents for a couple of nights. That
|
||||
left Mum and Dad with ONLY baby <htmlurl url="mailto:daphne@clifton.hobby.nl"
|
||||
name="Daphne">, now just one year old. This led us to believe that we were
|
||||
back in bachelor days again! What freedom to do and go as you please.
|
||||
Fortunately, this 'euphoria' didn't last long: we wouldn't want to miss them
|
||||
for all the money in the world.
|
||||
This next week
|
||||
<htmlurl url="mailto:roderick@clifton.hobby.nl" name="Roderick">, and his
|
||||
sisters <htmlurl url="mailto:isolde@clifton.hobby.nl" name="Isolde"> and
|
||||
<htmlurl url="mailto:daphne@clifton.hobby.nl" name="Daphne"> have
|
||||
autumn vacation. They typically 'have nothing to do,' therefore
|
||||
'must have' their father's PC for playing Sesamestreet and
|
||||
Busytown games. Oh, well, at least I have the PC during the working
|
||||
days, for working.
|
||||
|
||||
Met vriendelijke groeten, Wim 'Dad' van Dorst.
|
||||
<verb>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in New Issue