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LDP/howto/docbook/Fedora-Multimedia-Installation-HOWTO.xml
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@ -20,6 +20,16 @@
</author>
<revhistory>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
<date>2004-01-31</date>
<authorinitials>esr</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Dag Wieers's repository is yum-enabled, so drop apt-get out
of the picture. Add mozilla-acrobat installation. Add some
attack-lawyer repellant.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
<date>2004-01-30</date>
@ -33,8 +43,9 @@
<abstract>
<para>How to get various proprietary and restricted multimedia Damned
Things (Flash, MP3, Java, mpeg, avi, Real Media, Windows Media) working
under Fedora Core using your normal package-management tools.</para>
Things (Flash, MP3, Java, MPEG, AVI, RealMedia, Windows Media, Adobe
Acrobat) working under Fedora Core using your normal package-management
tools. Includes Mozilla-plugin instructions.</para>
</abstract>
</articleinfo>
@ -42,31 +53,46 @@ under Fedora Core using your normal package-management tools.</para>
<sect1 id="introduction"><title>Introduction</title>
<para>There are some Damned Things like enabling Java and Flash in Mozilla,
playing MP3 files, playing Quictime/AVI/RealMedia streams, and playing
encrypted DVDs that the Fedora distro folks won't tell you how to do,
either because they're afraid of being sued under the DMCA or for various
other esthetic and political reasons. This HOWTO collects the relevant
information in one place.</para>
playing MP3 files, playing Quicktime/AVI/RealMedia/Windows Media streams,
and playing encrypted DVDs that the Fedora distro folks won't tell you how
to do, either because they're afraid of being sued under the DMCA or for
various other esthetic and political reasons.</para>
<para>This HOWTO collects the relevant information in one place. It is not
a general multimedia-on-Linux HOWTO; if it were, there are hundreds of
nifty tools and packages it would list (starting with the GIMP and all its
kindred and forks and symbiotes). The packages we'll cover here are just the
legal and political hot potatos, the stuff that threatens monopolies and
worries lawyers.</para>
<para>Good background information on souping up your Fedora system can also
be found at the <ulink url="http://fedoranews.org/">FedoraNEWS</ulink>
website. Mauriat Miranda's <ulink
url='http://www.mjmwired.net/resources/mjm-fedora-fc1.html'>Personal Fedora
Core 1 Installation Guide</ulink> is also useful.</para>
<para>The assumption that distinguishes this document from these other
sources is that you are as lazy as I am &mdash; you want to install your
Damned Things (and, later, update them) with your normal package-management
tools rather than having to go to special sites, download source tarballs,
or execute unique build procedures.</para>
Core 1 Installation Guide</ulink> is also useful. One assumption that
distinguishes this document from these other sources is that you are as
lazy as I am &mdash; you want to install your Damned Things (and, later,
update them) with your normal package-management tools rather than having
to go to special sites, download source tarballs, or execute unique build
procedures.</para>
<para>Legal note: No source code or locations of source code of any
software alleged to be covered by the DMCA is disclosed on this page, you
will have to look on my personal website for that. The DMCA is a bad law
rammed down our throats by fools and villains, but in order to ensure that
rammed down our throats by fools and villains and the use of it to
suppress free speech about software is a disgrace, but in order to ensure that
this HOWTO gets maximum distribution I have remained in compliance with it
here.</para>
<para>One reason I am doing this is that I think I'm a harder target for
the attack lawyers than most hackers; public fame and a reputation for
truth-telling are helpful here. If you are an attack lawyer, be warned
that I invariably respond to attempts at intimidation by fighting back,
that I am legally savvy and <emphasis>very</emphasis> good at working the
press, and that I <emphasis>will</emphasis> exert all my considerable
ability to make your and your client's name a public disgrace if you try to
suppress my speech. You have been warned.</para>
<sect2 id="newversions"><title>New versions of this document</title>
<para>You can also view the latest version of this HOWTO on the World Wide
@ -93,8 +119,9 @@ a bit about three of these tools:</para>
<term>apt-get</term>
<listitem><para>Grandaddy of the network package installers. Originally
from Debian, later ported to RPM-based distributions. Not shipped with
Fedora Core, but useful to have around because some repositories don't
support the other tools.</para></listitem>
Fedora Core, but sometimes useful to have around because some repositories
don't support the other tools. The procedures in this HOWTO no longer
require you to use apt-get, but you should know it's there.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>yum</term>
@ -108,7 +135,7 @@ updates automatically that apt makes you do manually.</para></listitem>
<term>up2date</term>
<listitem><para>This is a shell around yum/apt (it can also
query a local directory on your hard drive). Most convenient of the
three.</para></listitem>
three; watching it is informative.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
@ -123,25 +150,25 @@ won't carry. There is no official connection, and in fact the Fedora
people won't mention livna in their web pages or documentation for fear of
being slammed with a speech-suppressing lawsuit by the evil shitheads at
the DVDCCA, but the livna people track what Fedora does very
closely. Accessible via both apt and yum.</para></listitem>
closely. Accessible via both yum and apt.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><ulink url="http://freshrpms.net/">FreshRPMs</ulink></term>
<listitem><para>Best known of the alternate-RPMs sites. Carries a
lot of stuff that hasn't yet made it into Fedora Core, but also supports
older Red Hat distros as well. The main source for apt-get. Accessible
via both apt and yum.</para></listitem>
via both yum and apt.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><ulink url="http://macromedia.mplug.org/">http://macromedia.mplug.org/</ulink></term>
<listitem><para>The main source for packaged versions of Macromedia
Flash. Accessible via both apt and yum.</para></listitem>
Flash. Accessible via both yum and apt.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><ulink url="http://dag.wieers.com/">http://dag.wieers.com/</ulink></term>
<term><ulink
url="http://dag.wieers.com/apt/">http://dag.wieers.com/apt/</ulink></term>
<listitem><para>The only place I've found pre-cooked Java and Java plugin
RPMs. Accessible via apt <emphasis>only</emphasis>; this is why you need
apt-get.</para></listitem>
RPMs. Accessible via both yum and apt.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
@ -153,10 +180,12 @@ apt-get.</para></listitem>
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>
yum flash-plugin http://macromedia.mplug.org/apt/fedora/1
yum fedora-us-stable-fc1 http://download.fedora.us/fedora/fedora/1/i386/yum/stable
yum fedora-us-testing-fc1 http://download.fedora.us/fedora/fedora/1/i386/yum/testing
yum livna-stable-fc1 http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/1/i386/yum/stable
yum flash-plugin http://macromedia.mplug.org/apt/fedora/1
yum dag http://apt.sw.be/redhat/fc1/en/i386/dag
yum freshrpms http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/1/i386/freshrpms
</programlisting>
<para>You might have to change <quote>1</quote> to the latest Fedora Core
@ -165,7 +194,7 @@ version number, if that's 2 or more. After this, the command</para>
<step>
<para>To enable yum, add the following to
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename>:</para>
<filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>
[livna-stable]
@ -183,50 +212,69 @@ name=Livna.org Fedora Compatible Packages (testing)
baseurl=http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/yum/testing
gpgcheck=1
[freshrpms]
name=Fedora Linux $releasever - $basearch - freshrpms
baseurl=http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/freshrpms
[flash-plugin]
name=Macromedia flash-plugin site
baseurl=http://macromedia.mplug.org/apt/fedora/$releasever
[dag]
name=Fedora Core 1 Dag Wieers' repository
baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/fc$releasever/en/i386/dag
[freshrpms]
name=Fedora Linux $releasever - $basearch - freshrpms
baseurl=http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/freshrpms
</programlisting>
<para>Also be sure to do this:</para>
<programlisting>
rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY
</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>Install apt-get with the command <command>yum install apt</command>
run from root. You will get a version from FreshRPMs that points you at
FreshRPMS for apt fetches. Go to <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>
and comment out the freshrpms.net lines; you already have access to FreshRPMs
from up2date and yum, and leaving apt fetching enabled might increase your
odds of having problems with repository conflicts.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Add this line to your <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>
rpm http://apt.sw.be redhat/fc1/en/i386 dag
</programlisting>
<para>This will give you access to Dag Wieers's repository.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect1>
<sect1><title>The Multiple-Repository Problem</title>
<sect1><title>Security considerations and other risks</title>
<para>You have just set up yum access to three different repositories
and apt access to a fourth. Before you go further, you need to know that
mixing RPMs from multiple repositories can be a chancy business;
sometimes they can conflict with each other, or have different and
incompatible dependencies.</para>
<para>All the yum and up2date commands I give in this HOWTO have to be run
from the root prompt so the packages they fetch can be installed in your
system space. This means there is a risk that your system could be
compromised by a Trojan Horse RPM, either one inserted in one of the
repositories you query or one slipped to you by a man-in-the-middle attack
getting between you and a repository.</para>
<para>To control the latter risk, many repositories cryptographically sign
their RPMs. You need to have a local copy of each repository's public key
in order to integrity-check incoming packages.
Therefore, be sure to do this:</para>
<programlisting>
rpm &#45;&#45;import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY
rpm &#45;&#45;import http://freshrpms.net/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.txt
rpm &#45;&#45;import http://dag.wieers.com/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
</programlisting>
<para>You already have the Fedora public key as part of your Fedora Core
installation.</para>
<para>A long-term risk that you accept by using any of the packages in this
HOWTO is that of becoming dependent on the whims of a proprietary software
vendor. It isn't necessary to have that old-time Free Software religion to
see that this is a problem. Some of the software we'll cover here (the
Adobe Acrobat plugin is a good example) is distributed as closed-source
freeware &mdash; which is all very well, but what happens if the vendor
changes its mind in the future? You could be stranded.</para>
<para>It's unsafe to be dependent on proprietary software and proprietary
formats. When you allow yourself to be dependent, you also harm others by
helping vendors maintain an unhealthy monopoly lock on their market
segment. So, if you must buy into these tools, please find some way to
support open-source replacements &mdash; donate coding time or cash, or
spend effort pressuring vendors to open up. Rip your CDs to Ogg Vorbis
rather than MP3. Write a letter to your legislator urging repeal of the
DMCA. The freedom you save <emphasis>will</emphasis> be your own.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1><title>The multiple-repository problem</title>
<para>You have just set up yum access to four different
repositories. Before you go further, you need to know that mixing RPMs from
multiple repositories can be a chancy business; sometimes they can conflict
with each other, or have different and incompatible dependencies.</para>
<para>The livna.org people take particular pains to track what Fedora is
doing, so you should be safe there. The MPLUG site is also pretty safe;
@ -248,36 +296,36 @@ outside sites, so they'll get checked first.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Installing or updating particular named packages with
apt-get is OK, but don't do a general upgrade using it. Use yum or up2date
instead.</para></listitem>
instead. (None of the procedures in this HOWTO use apt-get.)</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Disable apt-get access to any site that you have yum or
up2date access to. This may help avoid database
inconsistencies</para></listitem>
up2date access to. This may help avoid database inconsistencies. (None of
the procedures in this HOWTO use apt-get.)</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Software Installation</title>
<para>For a fast start after you have gone through the configuration
procedure described above, do this from root:</para>
procedure described above, do this:</para>
<programlisting>
up2date flash-plugin xine xmms-mp3 lame
up2date flash-plugin xmms-mp3 xine totem mozilla-jre mozilla-acroread
</programlisting>
<para>will install Flash, MP3, and mpeg/avi/DVD-reading capability
(including DeCSS for encrypted DVDs). If up2date aborts complaining
that RPMs are missing GPG signatures, you can do this, assuming you
trust your net connection is not being compromised by a man-in-the-middle
attack:</para>
<para>will install Flash, MP3, mpeg/AVI/DVD-reading capability (including
DeCSS for encrypted DVDs), and a better plugin for PDFs. If up2date aborts
complaining that RPMs are missing GPG signatures, you can do the following,
assuming you trust your net connection is not being compromised by a
man-in-the-middle attack:</para>
<programlisting>
up2date --nosig flash-plugin xine xmms-mp3 lame
up2date &#45;&#45;nosig flash-plugin xmms-mp3 xine mozilla-jre mozilla-acroread
</programlisting>
<para>This won't give you Java or RealMedia; for that, you need to do a
little more dancing. What follows is information about how to install
individual multimedia packages, including Java.</para>
<para>This won't give you RealMedia; for that, you need to do a little more
dancing. What follows is information about how to install individual
multimedia packages, including Java.</para>
<sect2><title>Macromedia Flash</title>
@ -287,14 +335,12 @@ at <ulink
url="http://macromedia.mplug.org/">http://macromedia.mplug.org/</ulink>.</para>
<para>With the up2date preparation described above, you can install
Flash by typing</para>
Flash by typing:</para>
<programlisting>
up2date flash-plugin
</programlisting>
<para>at root.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>MP3</title>
@ -309,19 +355,30 @@ yourself before you can play any sounds at all.</para>
FreshRPMs, the command</para>
<programlisting>
up2date xmms-mp3 lame
up2date xmms-mp3
</programlisting>
<para>should make
your XMMS and Audacity programs mp3-capable.</para>
<para>should make your XMMS program mp3-capable.</para>
<para>Installing xmms-mp3 will probably install an ALSA library, which you
can ignore if using a pre-2.6, non-ALSA configuration. To actually enable
MP3 playing, you'll need to run xmms. Select Options > Preferences > Audio
I/O Plugins from the menu; this will pop up a window listing plugins.
Select "MPEG Layer 1/2/3 Placeholder Plugin" and uncheck [ ] Enable Plugin.
With this placeholder gone, xmms will plug in xmms-mp3 automatically.
Audacity always plugs in lame automatically.</para>
With this placeholder gone, xmms will plug in xmms-mp3 automatically.</para>
<para>If you want simple MP3 sound editing, I'm a big fan of <ulink
url='http://audacity.sourceforge.net/'>Audacity</ulink>. The command</para>
<programlisting>
up2date audacity
</programlisting>
<para>will grab and install both Audacity (a very nifty
multi-format audio editor) and the <ulink
url='http://lame.sourceforge.net/'>lame</ulink> library that it needs as a
plugin to do MP3s. Audacity has no IP-law problems in itself; lame is
affected by the Fraunhofer Institute patents.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Java</title>
@ -330,13 +387,11 @@ Audacity always plugs in lame automatically.</para>
personal and not-for-profit use. Sun's Javs license is non-open-source,
so Fedora and most other Linux distributions won't carry it.</para>
<para>Assuming your apt configuration points at Dag Wieers's repository,
the following commands will Java-enable your browser:</para>
<para>Assuming your yum configuration points at Dag Wieers's repository,
the following command will Java-enable your browser:</para>
<programlisting>
apt-get update
apt-get install jre
apt-get install mozilla-jre
yum mozilla-jre
</programlisting>
<para>You can test your Java plugin at Sun's <ulink
@ -344,14 +399,33 @@ url="http:://www.java.sun.com/applets/">Applets</ulink> page. Note that
some of these applets (Escher and Starfield, when I checked) appear to be
broken. BouncingHeads makes a good test.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Adobe Acrobat</title>
<para>You may have noticed that PDF pages downloaded off the Web often
display as blank pages in Mozilla, though they look fine when viewed
locally with xpdf. I don't know why this is, but in several cases I've
been told by the creator that they were made with Adobe Acrobat. It is
therefore a good bet that Adobe's official Acrobat plugin will help.
Install it with</para>
<programlisting>
yum mozilla-acrobat
</programlisting>
<para>Adobe's Acrobat plugin is proprietary, so Fedora and other
distributions won't carry it. But there is no known legal problem with
the RPM.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Local MPEG and AVI</title>
<para>MPEG (the format used on DVDs) is an open standard, but most Linux
distributions won't ship software that read it because of blocking patents
held by MPEGLA. AVI and Apple QuickTime have proprietary codecs covered by
patents, so most Linux distributions won't ship software that decodes them,
either. But with the setup we've described, this command</para>
<para>MPEG (the format used on DVDs) represents itself as an open standard,
but most Linux distributions won't ship software that read it because of
blocking patents held by MPEGLA. AVI and Apple QuickTime have proprietary
codecs covered by patents, so most Linux distributions won't ship software
that decodes them, either. But with the setup we've described, this
command</para>
<programlisting>
up2date xine
@ -368,17 +442,16 @@ xine's impenetrable configuration dialogue. Also remember that the physical
device has to be readable by you.</para>
<para>xine has an elaborate GUI of its own, but most of the guts of the
program are un a callable library and there are several other front ends
program are in a callable library and there are several other front ends
for it floating around (none of them shipped with FC1). One of these is
gzine, a Gnome front end which as of January 2004 doesn't have an active
maintainer. Another (which I haven't seen but have been told good things
about) is the <ulink
url='http://kaffeine.sourceforge.net/'>kaffeine</ulink> front end for
KDE. Both of these are carried at livna.org.</para>
<para>But the best of the front ends is probably totem, available from
livna.org. A nice clean interface that doesn't confuse the eye by trying
to look like expensive stereo equipment.</para>
KDE. Both of these are carried at livna.org. But the best of the front ends
is probably <ulink url='http://www.hadess.net/totem.php3'>totem</ulink>,
available from livna.org. This is a nice clean interface that doesn't
confuse the eye by trying to look like expensive stereo equipment.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2><title>Streaming Web audio and video</title>
@ -404,7 +477,7 @@ from: </para>
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The Netcape folks have a <ulink
<para>The Netscape folks have a <ulink
url="http://wp.netscape.com/plugins/manager.html">Plug-in Manager web
page</ulink> that's handy for checking which plugins you have available
and which MIME types they interpret (the <quote>Show Details</quote> link
@ -468,8 +541,9 @@ up2date gxine
<para>should also in theory give your Mozilla the ability to stream AVI,
QuickTime, Windows Media, and MPEG audio/video files throgh gzine. As of
January 2004 (xine-0.9.22, gxine-0.3.3, mozilla-1.4.1), this works even
less well than mplayerplug-in. </para>
January 2004 (xine-0.9.22, gxine-0.3.3, mozilla-1.4.1), this works about
as well as mplayerplug-in, which is to say not at all well. I've seen
some success with MPEG files, but often with audio dropouts.</para>
<para>The failure pattern seems to finger the gxine plugin, as xine
handles its file types OK when they're local.</para>
@ -486,6 +560,21 @@ someday.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Other Approaches</title>
<para>To turn your Fedora Core 1 machine into a low-latency audio
workstation, see <ulink
url="http://www-ccrma.stanford.edu/planetccrma/software/">Planet
CCRMA</ulink>. At present their repository is apt-get enabled but not
yum-enabled. If you don't have apt-get,</para>
<programlisting>
up2date apt
</programlisting>
<para>will fix that.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="license"><title>License and Copyright</title>
@ -498,6 +587,13 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the
license is located at <ulink
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html</ulink>.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="acknowledgements"><title>Acknowledgements</title>
<para>Miguel Freitas helped educate me about some of the techicalities of
video formats. Dag Wieers contributed the solution to the Acrobat
problem.</para>
</sect1>
</article>