diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/adminSect.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/adminSect.sgml
index 39c9fa8d..7cc20227 100644
--- a/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/adminSect.sgml
+++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/adminSect.sgml
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Quota,
Quota mini-HOWTO
-Updated: April 2002.
+Updated: August 2003.
How to enable file system quota on a Linux host, assigning
quota for users and groups, as well as the usage of miscellaneous
quota commands.
diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml
index 5a66ac4b..5b6b6456 100644
--- a/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml
+++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml
@@ -3699,7 +3699,7 @@ on an Intel Linux system.
Quota,
Quota mini-HOWTO
-Updated: April 2002.
+Updated: August 2003.
How to enable file system quota on a Linux host, assigning
quota for users and groups, as well as the usage of miscellaneous
quota commands.
diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Quota.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Quota.sgml
index 602cc57c..19e8b259 100644
--- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Quota.sgml
+++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Quota.sgml
@@ -1,276 +1,303 @@
-
-
-
-
-Quota mini-HOWTO
-<author>Ralf van Dooren <tt/r.vdooren@snow.nl/
-<date>v0.3, April 2002
-<abstract>Preamble: This document is written by Ralf van Dooren (r.vdooren@snow.nl).
- Original text and setup of this document is copyleft-ed by Albert M.C. Tam, many thanks to him
- for this initial mini-HOWTO.
-
- This document is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
-<p>
- Permission to use, copy, distribute this document for non-commercial purposes
- is hereby granted, provided that the author's / editor's name and this notice
- appear in all copies and/or supporting documents; that this document is not
- modified. This document is distributed in hope that it will be useful, but
- WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, either expressed or implied. While every effort has been
- taken to ensure the accuracy of the information documented herein, the author /
- editor / maintainer assumes NO RESPONSIBILITY for errors, or for damages results
- for the use of the information documented herein.
-<p>
- This document describes how to enable file system quota on a Linux host,
- assigning quota for users and groups, as well as the usage of miscellaneous
- quota commands. It is intended for users running kernel 2.x (recently tested
- on kernel 2.4.17).
-<p>
- Feel free to send feedbacks or comments to r.vdooren@snow.nl if you find an
- error, or if any information is missing. I appreciate it.
-</abstract>
-<sect>What is Quota?
-<p>
-Quota allows you to specify limits on two aspects of disk storage: the
- number of inodes a user or a group of users may possess; and the number of
- disk blocks that may be allocated to a user or a group of users.
-<p>
- The idea behind quota is that users are forced to stay under their disk
- consumption limit, taking away their ability to consume unlimited disk space
- on a system. Quota is handled on a per user, per file system basis. If there
- is more than one file system which a user is expected to create files, then
- quota must be set for each file system separately.
-<sect>Current Status of Quota on Linux
-<p>
-
-Currently, there are some major changes in the way quota works. There are two
-different setups. The tools works the same, but there's a difference in used files. This
-document describes the setup and operation of the _new_ quota setup. As the new setup
-of quota is not in the regular kernel source, this setup needs some patching. We will describe this
-patching and installation of the linuxquota package. If you already have the quota software installed
-on your system, you may or may not have to install this patch and package. You can email me if
-you have any questions about this. I'll try to include a overview of Linux distro's and it's implications
-in a later version of this document.
-
-<sect>Requirements for Using Quota on Linux
-<p>
-<sect1>Kernel
-<p>
-
-The 2.x kernel source is available from
-<code>http://www.kernel.org
-</code>. Please use an available mirror close to your location to save bandwidth.
-<sect1>Quota software
-<p>
-
-Depending on the Linux distribution you have, you may, or may not have
-the quota softwares installed on your system. The most recent version of quota
-is available through SourceForge and is in active development. You can reach the
-homepage of the quota-development at
-
-<code>http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota
-</code>
-<p>
-<sect>Quota Setup on Linux - Part I: The Configuration
-<p>
-<sect1>Patch the kernel
-
-<p>Download the patch for your kernel at:
-
-<code>
-ftp://atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/pub/local/jack/quota/
-</code>
-<p>
-Choose your kernel version and download the patch. Patch your kernel with the 'patch' command.
-
-<sect1>Reconfigure your kernel
-<p>
-
-Reconfigure your kernel and add quota support by typing y to:
-<code>Quota support (CONFIG_QUOTA) [n] y
-</code>
-
-<p>Via `make menuconfig` of `make xconfig` you can find the option to support quota
-under the Filesystems-menu.
-
-Make sure the new kernel will be used when rebooting the system.
-
-<sect1>Compile and install the quota softwares
-<p>
-If the quota package is already in your Linux distribution, you don't have to install the quota
-software. If the quota package is not available in your Linux distribution, or if you wan't to
-install the most recent version, you can download the latest version of the quota software source from
-the location mentioned above.
-<p>
-When downloaded do:
-<code>$ gzip -dc <downloaded file> | tar xvf
-$ cd quota-tools (or whatever directory the software is put in)
-$ ./configure
-$ make
-$ su
-# make install
-
-</code>
-
-<sect1>Modify your system init script to check quota and turn quota on at boot
- time
-<p>
-
-Here's an example:
-<code># Check quota and then turn quota on.
-if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotacheck ]
- then
- echo "Checking quotas. This may take some time."
- /usr/sbin/quotacheck -avug
- echo " Done."
- fi
- if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotaon ]
- then
- echo "Turning on quota."
- /usr/sbin/quotaon -avug
- fi
-</code>
-
-The golden rule is that always turn quota on after your file systems in
- /etc/fstab have been mounted, otherwise quota will fail to work. I recommend
- turning quota on right after the part where file systems are mounted in your system init script.
-
-<sect1>Modify /etc/fstab
-<p>
-
-Partitions that you have not yet enabled quota normally look something
- like:
-<code>/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
-/dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults 1 1
-</code>
-
-To enable user quota support on a file system, add "usrquota" to the fourth
- field containing the word "defaults" (man fstab for details).
-<code>/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
-/dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,usrquota 1 1
-</code>
-
-Replace "usrquota" with "grpquota", should you need group quota support
- on a file system.
-<code>/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
-/dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,grpquota 1 1
-</code>
-
-Need both user quota and group quota support on a file system?
-<code>/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
-/dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1
-</code>
-
-<sect1>Activate the quota system
-<p>
-To activate the quota software you have to reboot the system for the changes you have made
-to take effect. The new kernel with quota support will be loaded and the startup scripts you've
-just created will be executed. At first run, quotacheck will generate the appropiate files to maintain
-the quota databases.
-
-<sec1>Add quotacheck to crontab
-
-<p>
-Although quota should work with periodical checks, it sometimes helps to run quotacheck periodically, e.g. weekly. Add the following line to your root's crontab:
-<code>0 3 * * 0 /sbin/quotacheck -avug
-</code>
-
-<sect>Quota Setup on Linux - Part II: Assigning Quota for Users and Groups
-<p>
-
-This operation is performed with the edquota command (`man edquota` for details).
-
-<sect1>Assigning quota for a particular user
-<p>
-
-Here's an example. I have a user with the login id bob on my system. The
- command "edquota -u bob" takes me into vi (or editor specified in my $EDITOR
- environment variable) to edit quota for user bob on each partition that has
- quota enabled:
-<code>Quotas for user bob:
-/dev/hda3: blocks in use: 2594, limits (soft = 5000, hard = 6500)
- inodes in use: 356, limits (soft = 1000, hard = 1500)
-</code>
-
-"blocks in use" is the total number of blocks (in kilobytes) a user has
- consumed on a partition.
-
-"inodes in use" is the total number of inodes a user has consumed on a partition.
-<sect1>Assigning quota for a particular group
-<p>
-
-Now I have a group games on my system. "edquota -g games" takes me into
- the vi editor again to edit quota for the group games:
-<code> Quotas for group games:
- /dev/hda4: blocks in use: 5799, limits (soft = 8000, hard = 10000)
- inodes in use: 1454, limits (soft = 3000, hard = 4000)
-</code>
-<sect1>Assigning quota for a bunch of users with the same value
-<p>
-
-To rapidly set quotas for, say 100 users, on my system to the same value
- as my user bob, I would first edit bob's quota information by hand, then execute:
-<code>edquota -p bob `awk -F: '$3 > 499 {print $1}' /etc/passwd`
-</code>
-
-assuming that you are using csh, and that you assign your user UID's starting
- with 500.
-
-In addition to edquota, there are 3 terms which you should familiarize
- yourself with: Soft Limit, Hard Limit, and Grace Period.
-<sect1>Soft Limit
-<p>
-
-_Soft limit_ indicates the maximum amount of disk usage a quota user has
- on a partition. When combined with grace period, it acts as the border line,
- which a quota user is issued warnings about his impending quota violation when
- passed.
-<sect1>Hard Limit
-<p>
-
-Hard limit works only when grace period is set. It specifies the absolute
- limit on the disk usage, which a quota user can't go beyond his hard limit.
-<sect1>Grace Period
-<p>
-
-Executed with the command "edquota -t", grace period is a time limit before
- the soft limit is enforced for a file system with quota enabled. Time units
- of sec(onds), min(utes), hour(s), day(s), week(s), and month(s) can be used.
- This is what you'll see with the command "edquota -t":
-<code>Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds
-Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users:
-/dev/hda2: block grace period: 0 days, file grace period: 0 days
-</code>
-
-Change the 0 days part to any length of time you feel reasonable. I personally
- would choose 7 days (or 1 week).
-<sect>Miscellaneous Quota Commands
-<p>
-<sect1>Quotacheck
-<p>
-
-Quotacheck is used to scan a file system for disk usages, and updates the
- quota record file "aquota.user" to the most recent state. I recommend running
- quotacheck at system bootup, and via cronjob periodically (say, every week?).
-<sect1>Repquota
-<p>
-
-Repquota produces a summarized quota information for a file system. Here
- is a sample output repquota gives:
-<code># repquota -a
- Block limits File limits
- User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
- root -- 175419 0 0 14679 0 0
- bin -- 18000 0 0 735 0 0
- uucp -- 729 0 0 23 0 0
- man -- 57 0 0 10 0 0
- user1 -- 13046 15360 19200 806 1500 2250
- user2 -- 2838 5120 6400 377 1000 1500
-</code>
-<sect1>Quotaon and Quotaoff
-<p>
-
-Quotaon is used to turn on quota accounting; quotaoff to turn it off. Actually
- both files are similar. They are executed at system startup and shutdown.
-
-</article>
-
+<!doctype linuxdoc system>
+
+<article>
+
+<title>Quota mini-HOWTO
+
+<author>Ralf van Dooren <tt/r.vdooren@snow.nl/
+
+<date>v0.5, 2003-08-09
+<abstract>
+Preamble: This document is written by Ralf van Dooren (r.vdooren@snow.nl).
+ Original text and setup of this document is copyleft-ed by Albert M.C. Tam, many thanks to him
+ for this initial mini-HOWTO.
+ This document is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
+
+Permission to use, copy, distribute this document for non-commercial purposes
+ is hereby granted, provided that the author's / editor's name and this notice
+ appear in all copies and/or supporting documents; that this document is not
+ modified. This document is distributed in hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, either expressed or implied. While every effort has been
+ taken to ensure the accuracy of the information documented herein, the author /
+ editor / maintainer assumes NO RESPONSIBILITY for errors, or for damages results
+ for the use of the information documented herein.
+<p>
+ This document describes how to enable file system quota on a Linux host,
+ assigning quota for users and groups, as well as the usage of miscellaneous
+ quota commands. It is intended for users running kernel 2.x (recently tested
+ on kernel 2.4.21).
+<p>
+ Feel free to send feedbacks or comments to r.vdooren@snow.nl if you find an
+ error, or if any information is missing. I appreciate it.
+</abstract>
+
+<sect>What is quota?
+
+<sect1>What is quota for?
+
+<p>
+Quota allows you to specify limits on two aspects of disk storage: the
+ number of inodes a user or a group of users may possess; and the number of
+ disk blocks that may be allocated to a user or a group of users.
+<p>
+ The idea behind quota is that users are forced to stay under their disk
+ consumption limit, taking away their ability to consume unlimited disk space
+ on a system. Quota is handled on a per user, per file system basis. If there
+ is more than one file system which a user is expected to create files, then
+ quota must be set for each file system separately. Various tools are
+ available for you to administer and automate quota policies on your
+ system.
+
+<sect1>Current Status of Quota on Linux
+<p>
+
+Currently, there are some major changes in the way quota works. There are two
+different setups. The tools works the same, but there's a difference in used files. This
+document describes the setup and operation of the _new_ quota setup. As the new setup
+of quota is not in the regular kernel source, this setup needs some patching. We will describe this
+patching and installation of the linuxquota package. If you already have the quota software installed
+on your system, you may or may not have to install this patch and package. You can email me if
+you have any questions about this. I'll try to include a overview of Linux distro's and it's implications
+in a later version of this document.
+
+<sect>Requirements for quota
+<p>
+<sect1>Kernel
+<p>
+
+The 2.x kernel source is available from <url
+url="http://www.kernel.org/" name="http://www.kernel.org">
+Please use an available mirror close to your location to save bandwidth. If
+you have a recent version of tar, you can download the .bz2 compressed file.
+
+Untar the kernel:
+<code>
+cd /usr/src
+tar jxvf /path/to/linux-2.4.21-tar.bz2 - for bzip2 kernel -
+tar zxvf /path/to/linux-2.4.21-tar.gz - for gzip kernel -
+ln -s /usr/src/linux-2.4.21 /usr/src/linux
+</code>
+
+<sect1>Quota software
+<p>
+
+Depending on the Linux distribution you have, you may, or may not have
+the quota softwares installed on your system. The most recent version of quota
+is available through SourceForge and is in active development. You can reach the
+homepage of the quota-development at <url
+url="http://www.sourceforge.net/project/linuxquota"
+name="http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota" >.
+
+<sect>Quota setup: installation and configuration
+
+<sect1>Patch the kernel
+
+<p>Download the patch for your kernel at:
+
+<url url="ftp://atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/pub/local/jack/quota/"
+name="ftp::/atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/pub/local/jack/quota/" >.
+
+<p>
+Choose your kernel version and download the patch(es). Patch your kernel with the 'patch' command. If there is more than 1 patch for your kernel version, be sure to apply the patches in the correct order.
+
+You can use this script ( I assume the downloaded patches are in /tmp/quota/ and the kernel has been untarred to /usr/src/linux) :
+
+<code>
+#!/bin/sh
+
+gunzip /tmp/quota/*.gz
+cd /usr/src/linux
+COUNT=`ls -1 /tmp/quota/*.diff | wc -l`
+for I in `seq 1 $COUNT`
+do
+ patch -p1 < /tmp/quota/quota-2.4.21-$I-*.diff
+done
+</code>
+
+<sect1>Reconfigure your kernel
+<p>
+
+Reconfigure your kernel and add quota support.
+
+<p>Via `make menuconfig` or `make xconfig` you can find the option to support quota under the Filesystems-menu. You can specify extra options if you need them, like 32-bit UID support.
+
+<p>Save the configuration and compile the kernel. Make sure the new kernel will be used when rebooting the system.
+
+<sect1>Compile and install the quota softwares
+<p>
+To be able to use all the features of the new quota system, you'll probably need to download the new quota-package. Download the new quota software via the URL
+provided above.
+<p>
+When downloaded do:
+<code>$ gzip -dc <downloaded file> | tar xvf
+$ cd quota-tools (or whatever directory the software is put in)
+$ ./configure
+$ make
+$ su
+# make install
+
+</code>
+
+<sect1>Modify your system init script to check quota and turn quota on at boot
+ time
+<p>
+
+Here's an example:
+<code># Check quota and then turn quota on.
+if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotacheck ]
+ then
+ echo "Checking quotas. This may take some time."
+ /usr/sbin/quotacheck -avug
+ echo " Done."
+ fi
+ if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotaon ]
+ then
+ echo "Turning on quota."
+ /usr/sbin/quotaon -avug
+ fi
+</code>
+
+The golden rule is that always turn quota on after your file systems in
+ /etc/fstab have been mounted, otherwise quota will fail to work. I recommend
+ turning quota on right after the part where file systems are mounted in your system init script.
+
+<sect1>Modify /etc/fstab
+<p>
+
+Partitions that you have not yet enabled quota normally look something
+ like:
+<code>/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
+/dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults 1 1
+</code>
+
+To enable user quota support on a file system, add "usrquota" to the fourth
+ field containing the word "defaults" (man fstab for details).
+<code>/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
+/dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,usrquota 1 1
+</code>
+
+Replace "usrquota" with "grpquota", should you need group quota support
+ on a file system.
+<code>/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
+/dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,grpquota 1 1
+</code>
+
+Need both user quota and group quota support on a file system?
+<code>/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
+/dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1
+</code>
+
+<sect1>Activate the quota system
+<p>
+To activate the quota software you have to reboot the system for the changes you have made
+to take effect. The new kernel with quota support will be loaded and the startup scripts you've
+just created will be executed. At first run, quotacheck will generate the appropiate files to maintain
+the quota databases.
+
+<sect1>Add quotacheck to crontab
+
+<p>
+Although quota should work with periodical checks, it sometimes helps to run quotacheck periodically, e.g. weekly. Add the following line to your root's crontab:
+<code>0 3 * * 0 /sbin/quotacheck -avug
+</code>
+
+<sect>Quota setup: tools
+<p>
+
+This operation is performed with the edquota command (`man edquota` for details).
+
+<sect1>Assigning quota for a particular user
+<p>
+
+Here's an example. I have a user with the login id bob on my system. The
+ command "edquota -u bob" takes me into vi (or editor specified in my $EDITOR
+ environment variable) to edit quota for user bob on each partition that has
+ quota enabled:
+<code>Quotas for user bob:
+/dev/hda3: blocks in use: 2594, limits (soft = 5000, hard = 6500)
+ inodes in use: 356, limits (soft = 1000, hard = 1500)
+</code>
+
+"blocks in use" is the total number of blocks (in kilobytes) a user has
+ consumed on a partition.
+
+"inodes in use" is the total number of inodes a user has consumed on a partition.
+<sect1>Assigning quota for a particular group
+<p>
+
+Now I have a group games on my system. "edquota -g games" takes me into
+ the vi editor again to edit quota for the group games:
+<code> Quotas for group games:
+ /dev/hda4: blocks in use: 5799, limits (soft = 8000, hard = 10000)
+ inodes in use: 1454, limits (soft = 3000, hard = 4000)
+</code>
+<sect1>Assigning quota for a bunch of users with the same value
+<p>
+
+To rapidly set quotas for, say 100 users, on my system to the same value
+ as my user bob, I would first edit bob's quota information by hand, then execute:
+<code>edquota -p bob `awk -F: '$3 > 499 {print $1}' /etc/passwd`
+</code>
+
+assuming that you are using csh, and that you assign your user UID's starting
+ with 500.
+
+In addition to edquota, there are 3 terms which you should familiarize
+ yourself with: Soft Limit, Hard Limit, and Grace Period.
+<sect1>Soft Limit
+<p>
+
+_Soft limit_ indicates the maximum amount of disk usage a quota user has
+ on a partition. When combined with grace period, it acts as the border line,
+ which a quota user is issued warnings about his impending quota violation when
+ passed.
+<sect1>Hard Limit
+<p>
+
+Hard limit works only when grace period is set. It specifies the absolute
+ limit on the disk usage, which a quota user can't go beyond his hard limit.
+<sect1>Grace Period
+<p>
+
+Executed with the command "edquota -t", grace period is a time limit before
+ the soft limit is enforced for a file system with quota enabled. Time units
+ of sec(onds), min(utes), hour(s), day(s), week(s), and month(s) can be used.
+ This is what you'll see with the command "edquota -t":
+<code>Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds
+Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users:
+/dev/hda2: block grace period: 0 days, file grace period: 0 days
+</code>
+
+Change the 0 days part to any length of time you feel reasonable. I personally
+ would choose 7 days (or 1 week).
+<sect>Miscellaneous Quota Commands
+<p>
+<sect1>Quotacheck
+<p>
+
+Quotacheck is used to scan a file system for disk usages, and updates the
+ quota record file "aquota.user" to the most recent state. I recommend running
+ quotacheck at system bootup, and via cronjob periodically (say, every week?).
+<sect1>Repquota
+<p>
+
+Repquota produces a summarized quota information for a file system. Here
+ is a sample output repquota gives:
+<code># repquota -a
+ Block limits File limits
+ User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
+ root -- 175419 0 0 14679 0 0
+ bin -- 18000 0 0 735 0 0
+ uucp -- 729 0 0 23 0 0
+ man -- 57 0 0 10 0 0
+ user1 -- 13046 15360 19200 806 1500 2250
+ user2 -- 2838 5120 6400 377 1000 1500
+</code>
+<sect1>Quotaon and Quotaoff
+<p>
+
+Quotaon is used to turn on quota accounting; quotaoff to turn it off. Actually
+ both files are similar. They are executed at system startup and shutdown.
+
+</article>
+