+ Sivaraj
+ You can use it with Lynx to read any TSCII-based
+ web sites or Pico to email in TSCII. Some characters may be disoriented,
+ since I try to fit all the characters in an
+ 8x16 cell. But it is still readable.
+
+
+ The tools can be downloaded here. Follow the instructions in the REAME file to install and use.
+
+
+
+
+ X Window
+
+ Welcome! This is where you will find the most useful
+ tools for Tamil. Even for basic users, it is now possible to
+ have close to a total Tamil-localized office suite.
+ Tamil GUI is achieved in KDE or GNOME environment with localization
+ settings (more about this later in this document), and Tamil character
+ input is achieved using keymanager programs. But first you need to get
+ some fonts to do all this.
+
+
+
+ Installing fonts
+
+ Linux, by default, uses pcf fonts and one can also
+ use bsd fonts; these are bitmapped fonts that display
+ under X and can be printed. But, as is common with all bitmapped
+ fonts, these are not always WYSIWYG in print. For
+ high-quality printing you need Type-I fonts (Adobe), with
+ Ghostscript you need PS fonts and for afm fonts (American
+ Font metrics) are used. But most of the Tamil fonts
+ that are freely available are TrueType (ttf). We will see next
+ how to get all these fonts working.
+
+
+
+
+ Bitmapped fonts
+
+ A bitmapped font is a matrix of dots; because of this,
+ these fonts are device-independent. A 75 dpi font, which is
+ good enough for displaying, is still a 75 dpi font in your
+ 1200 dpi printer. So usually bitmapped fonts are created for
+ a specific purpose, such as for displaying on a monitor or for
+ printing. Linux usually uses bdf or
+ pcf font for console or X
+ display. Fonts like those created by dvips
+ or dvi are
+ printer-related bitmapped fonts. These fonts occupy large sizes, but
+ programs circumvent this by dynamically creating them as
+ and when they are needed, and at a specific resolution.
+
+ You can get bitmapped Tamil fonts for various
+ applications from:
+
+
+
+ When an application makes a font request to the X Server,
+ XFree86 looks for fonts in specific directories. This means
+ that when you add fonts to your system and you want them to
+ be recognized by X Server, you need to tell X about the
+ location of these fonts. Simply add a directory to
+ your font path with the commands:
+
+
+ mkfontdir
+ xset fp+ <directory>
+
+
+ where the family directory is the name of the directory
+ where you have fonts. Once you have done this you have to ask
+ the server to get this registered for the session, with the
+ command
+
+ xset fp rehash
+
+ Since you will want these commands to run automatically, you should put them in your .xinitrc file ( or possibly your .Xclients or .xsession file -- this depends on how you start X. Another way to have the commands set automatically is edit XF86Config. For example, to add /usr/share/fonts/myfonts to the font path when X is started, edit XF86Config like this:
+
+
+ ...
+ Section "Files"
+ ...
+ FontPath /usr/share/fonts/myfonts
+ ...
+ EndSection
+ ...
+
+
+The advantage of editing XF86Config is that the resulting changes are system wide.
+
+
+
+
+ TrueType fonts
+
+ You may get TrueType fonts for TSCII, TAB and
+ TSCII1.7 encoding from the download section of
+ .
+ Alternate sources for these fonts are
+
+ TSCII -
+
+
+ TAB - and
+
+
+ TSCII-1.7 (experimental) -
+
+
+
+ Installing these fonts are either too easy or too
+ difficult. Too easy if you have one of the latest
+ distributions, like RedHat7.x or Mandrake7.x. This is because
+ RedHat (and Mandrake, maybe SuSE) come with
+ xfs pre-packaged. It is also easy to find
+ xfs for Debian, but as far as I know,
+ Debian does not come with xfs
+ packaged.
+
+ Debian users are now redirected to this mini-howto on
+ TrueType fonts in Debian -
+
+
+
+ There is also another utility, xfstt,
+ which is easier to install and use, but xfs
+ is becoming popular as it can handle Adobe Type1 in addition to
+ TrueType fonts.
+
+
+ If you do not have either of these, consider getting
+ either xfs (not to be confused with
+ Silicon Graphics (SGI) sponsored XFS journaling file system) from
+ .
+
+ or xfstt from
+ .
+ You may also get xfstt binaries from
+ ,
+ or reading an article about xfstt in the
+ Linux Gazette at
+
+
+
+
+ Installing TrueType Fonts
+
+ You need to run these commands as root. If you are currently
+ logged in as a normal user, you can use su to
+ do this now.
+
+ You should now have xfs availability,
+ otherwise use the steps in the previous section to obtain it.
+
+ In some distributions like Mandrake, installing
+ TrueType fonts is a cakewalk. Just go to DrakConf
+ and use the font install utility - follow a few easy steps there and
+ you'll have them all.
+
+ Put your TrueType fonts in whatever directory you want. For
+ example, /usr/share/tamiltt.
+
+
+ From within the directory containing your
+ new fonts, type:
+
+ ttmkfdir -m 50 -o fonts.scale
+
+ This makes a file that will contain the necessary
+ information about the fonts for the xfs server. The option
+ specifies the magnification for the fonts;
+ I have seen some Tamil fonts working well only with
+ .
+
+ Then type:
+
+ mkfontdir
+
+ Now you can add the new directory to your
+ xfs search
+ path. Red Hat (and Red Hat-like) distributions come with a
+ neat utility to do this called chkfontpath.
+ Run chkfontpath like this:
+
+ chkfontpath --add /usr/share/tamiltt
+
+ This will add the new font directory to your font
+ path.
+
+ (Other users, who have an xfs font
+ server, without ttf support, can do this by
+ editing their xfs configuration
+ file.
+
+ If xfs is already installed on
+ your system, you should see which port it is running on. You can
+ do this with the following command:
+
+ ps ax grep xfs
+
+ Then check your XFree86 font path with this
+ command:
+
+ xset -q
+
+ If your font path includes something like unix:/port
+ number, where port number is the port on which the server
+ is running, then you already have xfs
+ set up properly. Otherwise, you should add it to your XFree86
+ font path with these commands:
+
+ xset fp+ <unix/:port number>
+
+ xset fp rehash
+
+
+ The port number is a numerical value, something like
+ 7100.
+
+
+ You can add the fontpath permanently by editing your
+ .xinitrc. To add it system-wide,
+ edit your XF86Config file (either under
+ /etc/X11/XF86Config,
+ /etc/X11/XF86Config-4,
+ /etc/XF86Config, or
+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config), by
+ adding the following line to the Files section:
+
+
+ FontPath "unix/:port number"
+
+
+ Here is an example of how it should look:
+
+
+ ...
+ Section Files
+ ...
+
+ FontPath "unix/:-1"
+ ...
+ EndSection
+ ...
+
+
+ If xfs is already properly installed,
+ then you can restart it like this as root:
+
+ service xfs restart
+
+ After restarting xfs, it is a good
+ idea to restart your X session.
+
+ As most of the users in Tamil will be doing this, let
+ me summarize the essential steps.
+
+
+
+ Become root.
+
+
+
+ Download and copy some ttf fonts into a
+ directory (say /usr/share/fonts/tamiltt
+ ).
+
+
+
+ Go to that directory and do a
+ ttmkfdir -m 50 -o fonts.scale (use the
+ option if your fonts do not budge).
+
+
+
+ Do a mkfontdir .
+ (Notice that you need to specify the
+ directory either absolutely or with a dot).
+
+
+
+ Do a chkfontpath --add /usr/share/fonts/tamiltt
+ .
+ (Remember this command is available only in Red Hat-like
+ distributions. If you can run this successfully, skip the
+ remaining steps and restart the X server).
+
+
+
+ Do ps ax | grep xfs and get
+ the xfs port known.
+
+
+
+ Check your font path: xset -q
+
+ If your font path includes something like unix:/port
+ number, (something like unix: 7100), add this
+ to your xfont path:
+
+ xset fp+ unix: port number
+
+ xset fp rehash
+
+
+
+ It is a good idea to restart the X Server.
+
+
+
+ If everything works fine, update your
+ .xinitrc file, wherever it is.
+
+
+
+ Have fun!
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Other Font Servers
+
+ There is another project, X-TrueType Server, worth
+ looking into, at .
+
+ Another interesting project with broader scope is
+ FreeType; check .
+
+ I personally feel xfs is a great
+ utility; it can handle Type1 fonts (very useful if you use programs
+ like GIMP). Besides, a stand alone xfs
+ server is not attached to X server.
+ This means that you can deliver these fonts for remote X
+ displays. I use this feature extensively with VNC Server
+ running in my host and VNC Viewer running locally in Windows.
+ It's something of a luxury having a Tamil Linux desktop
+ while working for my employer.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Keyboard Drivers
+
+ Once again, lack of standards shows up here. There are
+ quite a few Tamil keyboard layouts, the traditional typewriter
+ keyboard; then with the surge of internet arrived the romanized
+ transliteration keyboards; later the TAmil-Nadu government played
+ its part by prescribing a tamilnet99 keyboard. These are only a
+ few to talk about; we have a few others which do not fall into any
+ of these standards.
+
+ There are two Tamil keyboard drivers for the X Window System,
+ both of them set to tamilnet99 standards (see
+ tamilnet99 website
+ for the details on the keymap). You will be able to download
+ both the keydrivers from the
+
+ Yahoo! tamilinix group files section
+ .
+
+
+
+ tamil_kmap
+
+ The first driver is tamil_kmap,
+ created by Vasee. It is based on the original version of
+ Siva. It is operable under both TSCII 1.6 and TAB encodings.
+ The detailed installation instructions are given in the
+ README file in the package. It is very
+ simple to install. First, untar the package into a temporary directory.
+ Then type:
+
+
+ cp ta /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/
+
+
+
+ then: cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1
+
+
+ and put the shell script setkb
+ into a directory on your system PATH .
+ You may need to become root
+ to copy these files into these directories.
+
+ To use the Tamil keyboard, type
+ setkb tscii or setkb tab.
+ From inside the keyboard driver you will be able to switch
+ between the two standards, and also between Roman and Tamil
+ fonts.
+
+
+
+
+ tamilvp
+
+ The other keyboard driver, tamilvp
+ (vp for Visaip Palakai) is written and maintained by
+ Dinesh. As indicated above, you may download that from the
+ Yahoo! tamilinix group file section.
+ It is available as rpm (I have not tried it out yet). Just install
+ the rpm and files will be in appropriate locations. To run the
+ program type tamilvp and you will get the GUI
+ cell to choose between Tamil (TSCII 1.6 or TAB) and English.
+
+
+
+
+
+ KDE
+
+ Historically, the K Desktop Environment (KDE) was the first
+ full Tamil user interface. Though far from complete, KDE was
+ there for Tamil, and Tamil among the Indic languages, for the first time.
+ Under KDE, with your localization properly set to Tamil, you may be
+ able to do almost everything (from editing files, to browsing the web
+ and e-mail, to administrative tasks such as user management and task
+ scheduling) with a Tamil user interface.
+
+
+ Getting Localization Files
+
+ For the newbie, it is very easy to search the web for
+ Tamil KDE localizations RPMs. They are usually labelled
+ something like kde-i18n-Tamil-2.0-1mdk.i586.rpm.
+ i18n is just that: i(nternationalizatio)n,
+ 18(18letters). Tamil is the
+ localization setting corresponding to the Tamil language.
+ mdk signifies the package for Mandrake distribution.
+ Then comes the most important part; 2.0-1,
+ the KDE version number. Your base KDE version and this should be
+ the same, so when downloading, make sure that you get the proper
+ localized menus for the proper KDE version. i586
+ signifies the precompiled binaries for the intel 586 platforms. Make sure
+ that you get the proper binary (there are usually source rpms
+ and rpms for other platforms such as alpha). If you are a
+ newbie you are better off using GUI based rpm installer such
+ as GNORPM or KPackage. First do a test install and check if
+ your system has all the needed packages. If not go to the
+ same source from where you downloaded the Tamil localization
+ and get them. After making sure that you installed all
+ dependencies, install the kde-i18n-tamil package as
+ well.
+
+ If you are not a newbie, you know it. Get KDE Tamil
+ i18n files, and if you have time, get the sources and compile
+ them!
+
+ KDE localization uses TSCII 1.6 encoding. This means
+ that you will need at least one TSCII font. Read the section
+ on fonts as to how to get it.
+
+
+
+
+ Choosing a Tamil locale
+
+ This section assumes that have installed at least one
+ TSCII font (preferably several, to jazz up your GUI) and the KDE
+ Tamil localization package.
+
+ From Start, go to
+ configuration >
+ KDE >
+ Personalization and choose
+ default (c) location.
+
+
+ Tamil/India is yet to be made available under
+ countries/languages.
+
+
+ Choose language >other
+ >Tamil. Accept this. All
+ changes will be activated, and will work on all windows opened
+ subsequently.
+
+ Your user interface is now set in Tamil. If you see
+ some garbage on the window header etc., pat yourself on the back. You
+ are ready to see Tamil; move on!
+
+
+
+
+ Choosing Tamil fonts for GUI
+
+ Again, from Start go to
+ configuration >KDE
+ >LooknFeel. You will see a set of
+ fonts for most (these are the ones used in display). Choose a Tamil
+ font instead for all these. Accept.
+
+ Well done, you now see Tamil everywhere on your
+ desktop. You are ready, with a fully operational Tamil
+ system.
+
+
+
+
+ KDE Miscellaneous
+
+ As with every other project, KDE-Tamil also needs a lot of
+ volunteers. Contact either Sivakumar or Vaseeharan (both of
+ them can be reached through the egroup
+
+ Visit
+ before you try KDE Tamil. If you want to convince yourself (and
+ be bowled over), view the screenshots from tamillinux.org site.
+
+ KDE's i18n process is unicode-based. As a work around,
+ Trolltech's QTsciiCodec class provides conversion to and from
+ the Tamil TSCII encoding. This codec uses the mapping table
+ found at
+ . Unfortunately Tamil uses composed Unicode. As such, Unicode
+ fonts cannot be used under KDE-TSCII; you need to have TSCII
+ fonts. The TSCII codec was contributed to Qt by Hans Petter
+ Bieker bieker@kde.org.
+
+
+
+
+
+ GNOME
+
+ GNOME Tamil localization works have just begun. There are
+ few applications for which Tamil menus are translated, and are
+ available. But it is yet to become the official member of GNOME
+ i18n distribution.
+
+ In order to use them, download the currently available files
+ from:
+
+
+
+
+ and put them into the directory
+ /usr/share/locale/ta/LCMESSAGES/.
+
+
+ Under GNOME Control Panel you have set the fonts (both in
+ Themes and the Window Manger applet) to a TSCII font.
+
+ You need to create binary messages from the po
+ files. This is done as follows:
+
+
+ msgfmt xxx.po -o /usr/share/locale/ta/LCMESSAGES/xxx.mo.
+
+
+ Note that the binary messages files contain an extension .mo
+as opposed to .po for the text file.
+
+ In order for you see Tamil, you have to set the locale to
+ Tamil.
+
+ If you are using bash as your shell, then enter the
+ following line in your home directory.
+
+
+ export LANG=ta
+ export LANGUAGE=ta
+ export LC ALL=ta
+
+
+ Restart the X server. You should see Tamil menus and
+ dialogs in many of the GNOME enabled applications. Once again,
+ please consider contributing to the Tamil GNOME Project; we need a
+ lot of volunteers. Contact Dinesh (n_dinesh@yahoo.com) or through tamilinix yahoogroups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Printing
+
+ This section is all about getting high-quality Tamil
+ output in printing. While it is one issue to load a binary font
+ and start using Tamil in Linux, if your work is
+ to destroy the forests, you need high-quality printing too!
+
+
+
+ L<superscript>A</superscript>T<subscript>E</subscript>X
+
+ LATEX
+ is perhaps the mother of all typographic systems. It frees the
+ author from the trivia of typesetting and concentrate on
+ the content. It does not use the WYSWYG input,
+ but the end result is great. Recent developments are centered
+ toward internationalization. Unfortunately lack of unicode
+ standard does not permit Tamil to be tried under the more
+ ambitious Omega Project. Once again, workaround is the only
+ way. A first step in Tamil has been attempted by Thuraiappah
+ Vaseeharan. You may get the the package from the tamillinux.org
+ site. The tar ball contains a great readme file that
+ describes the installation and usage. The tamiltex package
+ does a short work by keeping all related stuff under one
+ directory (which means that you need to keep your work under
+ the same directory to compile your source files). But the great
+ thing about this package is that it is compatible with both
+ TSCII and TAB encodings and the results are just what you
+ would expect from a
+ LATEX
+ package - great!
+
+
+
+
+ Postscript
+
+ Many Linux applications use Ghostscript to print, which
+ means that you must have Ghostscript configured if you want
+ to use Tamil in printed documents. If
+ LATEX
+ is there, can PostScript be far away? Not thanks to Vasee.
+ Set the environment variable GS_FONTPATH to point
+ to your TrueType font directory. For example, I have:
+
+
+ GS_FONTPATH=/usr/local/share/fonts/tamiltt
+ export GS FONTPATH
+
+
+ You should be able to view Tamil PostScript files.
+
+
+
+
+ PDF
+
+ As of now, the only source to create PDF files is the
+ PDF package. If you are able to successfully compile your
+ source with the tamiltex package, use
+
+ pdflatex source.tex
+
+ to generate the PDF file. You should be able to view it, using
+ xdvi or Adobe's Acroread for Linux.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Word Processors, Office Packages
+
+ Once TrueType fonts are installed properly, there is no
+ problem using them in Abiword, GNumeric or KOffice. However,
+ StarOffice needs Type 1 fonts. (I hear the latest StarOffice
+ supports TrueType fonts?). You can expect Type 1 Tamil fonts to
+ be available shortly:-).
+
+ For receiving and sending email, KMail works well with
+ TrueType fonts. You should also be able to use PINE with
+ Sivaraj's console fonts and utils.
+
+
+
+
+ Viewing Web pages
+
+ Konquerer supports Tamil fonts neatly, once made at the
+ proper scale under your font directory and served to X. Widely
+ used Netscape, however, is a problem. Netscape uses only 75 dpi
+ fonts for display. You might have noticed this even while
+ viewing Roman fonts, and got annoyed seeing small fonts. That
+ being the case with Roman, Tamil is impossible to comprehend
+ under 75 dpi. This can, however, be fixed by specifying the
+ appropriate resources in your .Xdefaults file:
+
+
+ Netscape*documentFonts.sizeIncrement: 20
+ Netscape*documentFonts.xResolution*iso-8859-1: 150
+ Netscape*documentFonts.yResolution.iso-8859-1: 150
+
+
+ Remember that TSCII fonts are used as ISO-8859-1 fonts.
+ The parameter 150 is arbitrary; I have seen
+ some fonts scaling neatly under 100 itself
+ (TSCparanar, for one) which is good enough for viewing. If you are
+ still not satisfied with what you see, try using anti-aliasing under
+ X.
+
+
+
+
+ Pango
+
+
+ Pango
+ provides an open-source framework for the layout and rendering
+ of internationalized text and uses Unicode for all of its
+ encoding. It aims to eventually support output in all the major
+ languages. When GNOME 2.0 comes out, the text rendering is
+ expected to be by Pango. Pango is expected to be the panacea
+ for complex font schemes like kanji, arabic/hebrew
+ (bidirectional), so Tamil is no problem. Tamil is one of the
+ early languages in Pango - right there in the first public
+ version. Sivaraj provided TSCII support, which was later
+ extended to TAB by Vikram.
+
+
+
+
+ Miscellaneous
+
+ For the latest news, views and tools in Tamil Linux:
+
+
+ Issues related to Tamil localization are mostly discussed
+ at:
+
+
+
+
+ Under the files section there you may get some tools, few HOWTOs
+ (most of those issues are unified in this document already) and some
+ tutorials.
+
+ If you want to read about Open Source (Free Software) history in
+ Tamil, see:
+
+
+
+
+ Ganesan Rajagopal is checking in CVS for Tamil locales
+ under the Sourceforge project on Tamil Linux, you may be get
+ them from:
+
+
+
+
+
+ There is a simple guide to setting up a working Tamil
+ Linux environment, addressed to newbies, available at:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Appendix of Tamil Font Encodings
+
+ There are several non-standard font encoding schemes for
+ Tamil. Then there are a whole lot of fonts (used mostly by
+ publishing houses in Tamil Nadu, such as Vikatan, Kumutham,
+ thinamaNi, etc.) which do not comply with any of these. The
+ three major font encoding schemes are;
+
+ TSCII (Tamil Standard Code of Information Interchange -
+ currently running in beta version 1.7); the first efforts by
+ volunteers throughout world.
+
+ TAB (TAmil Bilingual); proposed and approved by the Tamil
+ Nadu government
+
+
+
+TSCII 1.6 Encoding Table
+
+vowels: a, aa/A, i, ii/I, u, uu/U, e, ee/E, ai, o, oo/O, au, aq
+
+consonants: k, ng, c, ny, t, N, th, n^, p, m, y, r, l, v, zh, L, R, n
+
+---------------------------------------------------------
+Position | character name | TSCII glyph
+---------|------------------------|----------------------
+Characters 0-127 are as in the standard lower ASCII set
+---------|------------------------|----------------------
+128 80 | c128 | tamil numeral 0
+129 81 | c129 | tamil numeral 1
+130 82 | baseline single quote | tamil numeral 2
+131 83 | florin | tamil numeral 3
+132 84 | baseline double quote | tamil numeral 4
+133 85 | ellipsis | tamil numeral 5
+134 86 | dagger (single) | tamil numeral 6
+135 87 | dagger (double) | tamil numeral 7
+136 88 | circumflex | tamil numeral 8
+137 89 | per mil (thousand) | tamil numeral 9
+138 8A | S caron | modifier for aa/A
+139 8B | left single guillemet | modifier for I
+140 8C | OE ligature | modifier for Ii/I
+141 8D | c141 | modifier for u
+142 8E | c142 | modifier for uu/U
+143 8F | c143 | modifier for e
+144 90 | c144 | modifier for ee/E
+145 91 | open single quote | (left single guillemet)
+146 92 | close single quote | (right single guillemet )
+147 93 | open double quote | (left double guillemet)
+148 94 | close double quote | (right double guillemet )
+149 95 | bullet (large) | tamil numeral 10
+150 96 | en dash | tamil numeral 100
+151 97 | em dash | tamil numeral 1000
+152 98 | tilde | modifier for ai
+153 99 | unregistered trademark | tamil vowel a
+154 9A | s caron | tamil vowel aa/A
+155 9B | right single guillemet | tamil vowel i
+156 9C | oe ligature | tamil vowel ii/Ai
+157 9D | c157 | tamil vowel u
+158 9E | c158 | tamil vowel uu/U
+159 9F | Y diaeresis | tamil vowel e
+160 A0 | non-breaking space | (vacant)
+161 A1 | Spanish inverted ! | tamil vowel ee/E
+162 A2 | cents | tamil vowel ai
+163 A3 | pounds | tamil vowel o
+164 A4 | intl. monetary symbol | tamil vowel oo/O
+165 A5 | yen | tamil vowel au
+166 A6 | broken bar | tamil vowel aq
+167 A7 | section symbol | tamil uyirmei ka
+168 A8 | diaeresis | tamil uyirmei nga
+169 A9 | copyright | copyright
+170 AA | feminine ordinal | tamil uyirmei ca
+171 AB | left double guillemet | tamil uyirmei nya
+172 AC | logicalnot | tamil uyirmei ta
+173 AD | soft hyphen (minus) | tamil uyirmei Na
+174 AE | registered trademark | registered trademark
+175 AF | macron | tamil uyirmei tha
+176 B0 | ring (also degrees) | tamil uyirmei n^a
+177 B1 | plus/minus | tamil uyirmei pa
+178 B2 | superscript 2 | tamil uyirmei ma
+179 B3 | superscript 3 | tamil uyirmei ya
+180 B4 | acute | tamil uyirmei ra
+181 B5 | micro symbol (or mu) | tamil uyirmei la
+182 B6 | pilcrow (paragraph) | tamil uyirmei va
+183 B7 | bullet (small) | bullet (small)
+184 B8 | cedilla | tamil uyirmei zha
+185 B9 | superscript 1 | tamil uyirmei La
+186 BA | masculine ordinal | tamil uyirmei Ra
+187 BB | right double guillemet | tamil uyirmei na
+188 BC | one-fourth | grantha letter ja
+189 BD | one-half | grantha letter sha
+190 BE | three-fourths | grantha letter sa
+191 BF | Spanish inverted ? | grantha letter ha
+192 C0 | A grave | grantha letter ksha
+193 C1 | A acute| | grantha letter sri
+194 C2 | A circumflex | tamil uyirmei ti/di
+195 C3 | A tilde | tamil uyirmei tii/dii
+196 C4 | A diaeresis | tamil uyirmei ku
+197 C5 | A ring | tamil uyirmei ngu
+198 C6 | AE ligature | tamil uyirmei cu
+199 C7 | C cedilla | tamil uyirmei nyu
+200 C8 | E grave | tamil uyirmei tu
+201 C9 | E acute | tamil uyirmei Nu
+202 CA | E circumflex | tamil uyirmei thu
+203 CB | E diaeresis | tamil uyirmei n^u
+204 CC | I grave | tamil uyirmei pu
+205 CD | I acute | tamil uyirmei mu
+206 CE | I circumflex | tamil uyirmei yu
+207 CF | I diaeresis | tamil uyirmei ru
+208 D0 | Icelandic Eth | tamil uyirmei lu
+209 D1 | N tilde | tamil uyirmei vu
+210 D2 | O grave | tamil uyirmei zhu
+211 D3 | O acute | tamil uyirmei Lu
+212 D4 | O circumflex | tamil uyirmei Ru
+213 D5 | O tilde | tamil uyirmei nu
+214 D6 | O diaeresis | tamil uyirmei kU
+215 D7 | multiply symbol | tamil uyirmei ngU
+216 D8 | O with oblique stroke | tamil uyirmei cU
+217 D9 | U grave | tamil uyirmei nyU
+218 DA | U acute | tamil uyirmei tU
+219 DB | U circumflex | tamil uyirmei NU
+220 DC | U diaeresis | tamil uyirmei thU
+221 DD | Y acute | tamil uyirmei n^U
+222 DE | Icelandic Thorn | tamil uyirmei pU
+223 DF | German sharp s | tamil uyirmei mU
+224 E0 | a grave | tamil uyirmei yU
+225 E1 | a acute | tamil uyirmei rU
+226 E2 | a circumflex | tamil uyirmei lU
+227 E3 | a tilde | tamil uyirmei vU
+228 E4 | a diaeresis | tamil uyirmei zhU
+229 E5 | a ring | tamil uyirmei LU
+230 E6 | ae ligature | tamil uyirmei RU
+231 E7 | c cedilla | tamil uyirmei nU
+232 E8 | e grave | tamil vowel k (ik)
+233 E9 | e acute | tamil vowel ng (ing)
+234 EA | e circumflex | tamil vowel c (ikc)
+235 EB | e diaeresis | tamil vowel ny (iny)
+236 EC | i grave | tamil vowel t (it)
+237 ED | i acute | tamil vowel N (iN)
+238 EE | i circumflex | tamil vowel th (ith)
+239 EF | i diaeresis | tamil vowel n (in^)
+240 F0 | Icelandic eth | tamil vowel p (ip)
+241 F1 | n tilde | tamil vowel m (im)
+242 F2 | o grave | tamil vowel y (i<)
+243 F3 | o acute | tamil vowel r (ir)
+244 F4 | o circumflex | tamil vowel l (il)
+245 F5 | o tilde | tamil vowel v (iv)
+246 F6 | o diaeresis | tamil vowel zh (izh)
+247 F7 | divide symbol | tamil vowel L (iL)
+248 F8 | o with oblique stroke | tamil vowel R (iR)
+249 F9 | u grave | tamil vowel n (in)
+250 FA | u acute | grantha vowel j (ij)
+251 FB | u circumflex | grantha vowel sh (ish)
+252 FC | u diaeresis | grantha vowel s (is)
+253 FD | y acute | grantha vowel h (ih)
+254 FE | Icelandic thorn | grantha vowel ksh (iksh)
+255 FF | y diaeresis | (vacant)
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