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LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/Change.log
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@ -3,19 +3,89 @@
Release History Release History
The latest version of this file is available on-line at The latest version of this file is available on-line at
http://http://bash.webofcrafts.net/Change.log http://http://bash.deta.in/Change.log
================================================================== ==================================================================
Current version = 6.4 Current version = 6.5
Dated 08/30/11 Dated 04/05/12
http://bash.webofcrafts.net/abs-guide-latest.tar.bz2 http://bash.deta.in/abs-guide-latest.tar.bz2
http://bash.webofcrafts.net/abs-guide.pdf http://bash.deta.in/abs-guide.pdf
-------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
News: Version 6.4 released! News: Version 6.5 released!
==================================================================== ====================================================================
Version 6.5, Vortexberry* release
05 April 2012
* No such thing, but there most certainly ought to be.
Imagine a genetically engineered berry containing metallic
fibers which could be used as filaments in incandescent lightbulbs.
1) In "Bash, versions 2, 3, and 4" chapter,
In the Version 3.0 section,
At the Extended Brace Expansion discussion,
Added "eval" workaround for parameterization.
(Thank you, Emiliano G.!)
2) In "Special Characters" chapter,
Fixed missing parenthesis at "pipe" entry.
(Thank you, Adamas, for pointing this out.)
3) In "Internal Commands and Builtins" chapter,
At "let" entry,
added Jeff Gorak's correction to the return value "anomaly."
4) At references to "trinary" operator, noted the somewhat more common
"ternary" usage.
5) In "External Commands" chapter:
In "Miscellaneous Commands" section,
At "dd" entry, added creating bootable flash drives example.
6) In "System and Administrative Commands" chapter,
In "Filesystem" subsection,
Added "mkdosfs" entry.
In "Miscellaneous" subsection,
Added "xrandr" entry and "backlight.sh" example script.
7) In the Bibliography, added "AuctionGallery" entry.
8) Appendix D,
Revision of exit code 2 entry.
Added an example for exit code 126.
9) Fix quoting error in "Special Variables" Table in Reference Cards,
per Matthew Stanfield (Thank you!).
10) In "Complex Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:
Added as comment Rich's alternative awk syntax
to the month_length () example.
11) Used (with permission) code snippets from YongYe's "Tetris Game"
script in "Internal Commands" and "List Constructs" chapters.
Also added an entry for this in the "Bibliography" appendix.
The URLS for YongYe's script are:
http://bash.deta.in/Tetris_Game.sh
http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3614425-1-1.html
12) In "Miscellany" chapter,
In "Shell Scripting Under Windows" section,
added reference to UNWIN, as pointed out by Greg Alheid.
13) New cover for pdf version!
14) Fixups on scripts.
[Thanks go to Darren Birkett, Chris Manson, yongye, and others.]
15) Domain shift! Changed webofcrafts.net links to deta.in.
Version 6.4, Vortexberry* release Version 6.4, Vortexberry* release
30 August 2011 30 August 2011
@ -178,7 +248,7 @@ Version 6.3, Swozzleberry* release
14) In the "Miscellany" chapter: 14) In the "Miscellany" chapter:
Fixed the URL on Moshe Jacobson's utility (changed it to point to Fixed the URL on Moshe Jacobson's utility (changed it to point to
the "ansi-color" script). Then, decided to rehost Jacobson's original the "ansi-color" script). Then, decided to rehost Jacobson's original
source code on webofcrafts.net. source code on webofcrafts.net (Update: deta.in).
(Thank you, qun-ying, for pointing out the broken URL.) (Thank you, qun-ying, for pointing out the broken URL.)
15) In the "Variables Revisited" chapter: 15) In the "Variables Revisited" chapter:
@ -2512,7 +2582,8 @@ chapter:
Added usage example at "last" entry. Added usage example at "last" entry.
17) In "/dev" section of "/dev and /proc" chapter: 17) In "/dev" section of "/dev and /proc" chapter:
Changed reference URL from slashdot.org to net.cn (a known spam ISP). Changed reference URL from slashdot.org to news-15.net
(a known spam ISP).
Added to footnote about mounting a USB flash drive. Added to footnote about mounting a USB flash drive.
18) In "Gotchas" chapter: 18) In "Gotchas" chapter:
@ -2725,7 +2796,7 @@ Loganberry release, 10/03/04
(Thanks, bojster.) (Thanks, bojster.)
18) In "Time/Date Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter: 18) In "Time/Date Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter:
At "date" entry, dded discussion of more options. At "date" entry, added discussion of more options.
19) In "Miscellaneous Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter: 19) In "Miscellaneous Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:
Added comment to "blot-out.sh" example script noting that it may not Added comment to "blot-out.sh" example script noting that it may not

17
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/INDEX00.sgml
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@ -927,6 +927,8 @@
<para>* * *</para> <para>* * *</para>
<para>Backlight, <link linkend="backlight">setting the
brightness</link></para>
<para><link linkend="backticksref">Backquotes</link>, <para><link linkend="backticksref">Backquotes</link>,
used in <link linkend="backquotesref">command used in <link linkend="backquotesref">command
substitution</link></para> substitution</link></para>
@ -1012,12 +1014,17 @@
redirecting output of a a code block</para></listitem> redirecting output of a a code block</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para> </itemizedlist></para>
<para><link linkend="bfs">Bootable flash drives</link>, creating</para>
<!-- ********************** --> <!-- ********************** -->
<para><link linkend="braceexpref">Brace expansion</link> <para><link linkend="braceexpref">Brace expansion</link>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><link <listitem><para><link
linkend="braceexpref33">Extended</link>, linkend="braceexpref33">Extended</link>,
<replaceable>{a..z}</replaceable></para></listitem> <replaceable>{a..z}</replaceable></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link
linkend="braceexpref3">Parameterizing</link>
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>With <link <listitem><para>With <link
linkend="braceexpref4">increment and linkend="braceexpref4">increment and
zero-padding</link> (new feature in Bash, <link linkend="bash4ref">version zero-padding</link> (new feature in Bash, <link linkend="bash4ref">version
@ -1890,7 +1897,11 @@
<para>* * *</para> <para>* * *</para>
<para><link linkend="keywordref">Keywords</link></para> <para><link linkend="keywordref">Keywords</link>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><link linkend="missingkeyword">error</link>,
if missing</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para><link linkend="killref">kill</link>, <para><link linkend="killref">kill</link>,
terminate a process by <link linkend="processiddef">process ID</link> terminate a process by <link linkend="processiddef">process ID</link>
@ -2573,7 +2584,7 @@
linkend="globbingref">globbing</link></para></listitem> linkend="globbingref">globbing</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>In a <listitem><para>In a
<link linkend="cstrinary"><firstterm>C</firstterm>-style <link linkend="cstrinary"><firstterm>C</firstterm>-style
Trinary operator</link></para></listitem> Trinary (ternary) operator</link></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para> </itemizedlist></para>
<!-- *************************************************************** --> <!-- *************************************************************** -->
@ -3393,7 +3404,7 @@
specifying an action upon receipt of a <link specifying an action upon receipt of a <link
linkend="signald">signal</link></para> linkend="signald">signal</link></para>
<para><firstterm>Trinary</firstterm> operator, <para><firstterm>Trinary (ternary)</firstterm> operator,
<firstterm>C</firstterm>-style, <firstterm>C</firstterm>-style,
<userinput>var>10?88:99</userinput> <userinput>var>10?88:99</userinput>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/README
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@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ qky.sh
line 87 line 87
line 113 line 113
(The unaltered, executable script can be downloaded. (The unaltered, executable script can be downloaded.
See: http://bash.webofcrafts.net/qky.README.html) See: http://bash.deta.in/qky.README.html)
maned.sh maned.sh
line 6 (comment) line 6 (comment)

272
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/abs-guide.sgml
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@ -382,6 +382,7 @@
<!ENTITY ipaddresses SYSTEM "ip-addresses.sh"> <!ENTITY ipaddresses SYSTEM "ip-addresses.sh">
<!ENTITY stddev SYSTEM "sd.sh"> <!ENTITY stddev SYSTEM "sd.sh">
<!ENTITY samorse SYSTEM "sam.sh"> <!ENTITY samorse SYSTEM "sam.sh">
<!ENTITY backlight SYSTEM "backlight.sh">
<!ENTITY showallc SYSTEM "show-all-colors.sh"> <!ENTITY showallc SYSTEM "show-all-colors.sh">
<!ENTITY gronsfeld SYSTEM "gronsfeld.bash"> <!ENTITY gronsfeld SYSTEM "gronsfeld.bash">
<!ENTITY gen0data SYSTEM "gen0"> <!ENTITY gen0data SYSTEM "gen0">
@ -407,21 +408,14 @@
</author> </author>
<releaseinfo>6.4</releaseinfo> <releaseinfo>6.5</releaseinfo>
<pubdate>30 Aug 2011</pubdate> <pubdate>05 Apr 2012</pubdate>
<isbn>978-1-4357-5219-1</isbn> <isbn>978-1-4357-5219-1</isbn>
<revhistory> <revhistory>
<revision>
<revnumber>6.2</revnumber>
<date>17 Mar 2010</date>
<authorinitials>mc</authorinitials>
<revremark>'ROWANBERRY' release</revremark>
</revision>
<revision> <revision>
<revnumber>6.3</revnumber> <revnumber>6.3</revnumber>
<date>27 Apr 2011</date> <date>27 Apr 2011</date>
@ -436,6 +430,13 @@
<revremark>'VORTEXBERRY' release</revremark> <revremark>'VORTEXBERRY' release</revremark>
</revision> </revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>6.5</revnumber>
<date>05 Apr 2012</date>
<authorinitials>mc</authorinitials>
<revremark>'TUNGSTENBERRY' release</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory> </revhistory>
@ -523,7 +524,7 @@
linkend="builtinref">builtins</link>, features internal to the linkend="builtinref">builtins</link>, features internal to the
shell.</para></footnote> shell.</para></footnote>
to learn. The syntax is simple and straightforward, similar to to learn. The syntax is simple -- even austere -- similar to
that of invoking and chaining together utilities at the command that of invoking and chaining together utilities at the command
line, and there are only a few <quote>rules</quote> governing line, and there are only a few <quote>rules</quote> governing
their use. Most short scripts work right the first time, and their use. Most short scripts work right the first time, and
@ -656,8 +657,9 @@
<footnote><para>An <firstterm>acronym</firstterm> <footnote><para>An <firstterm>acronym</firstterm>
is a word formed by pasting together the initial letters of the is a word formed by pasting together the initial letters of the
words in a tongue-tripping phrase. This is a harmful words into a tongue-tripping phrase. This is a pernicious
and subversive practice that surely deserves severe punishment. and subversive practice that surely deserves appropriately
severe punishment.
</para></footnote> </para></footnote>
for <quote>Bourne-Again shell</quote> and a pun on Stephen Bourne's for <quote>Bourne-Again shell</quote> and a pun on Stephen Bourne's
@ -680,7 +682,7 @@
<para>What follows is a tutorial on shell scripting. It relies <para>What follows is a tutorial on shell scripting. It relies
heavily on examples to illustrate various features of the shell. heavily on examples to illustrate various features of the shell.
The example scripts work -- they've been tested, insofar as was The example scripts work -- they've been tested, insofar as
possible -- and some of them are even useful in real life. The possible -- and some of them are even useful in real life. The
reader can play with the actual working code of the examples reader can play with the actual working code of the examples
in the source archive (<filename>scriptname.sh</filename> or in the source archive (<filename>scriptname.sh</filename> or
@ -690,15 +692,15 @@
that are Bourne shell compliant generally take a name with a that are Bourne shell compliant generally take a name with a
<filename>.sh</filename> extension. System scripts, such as <filename>.sh</filename> extension. System scripts, such as
those found in <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>, those found in <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>,
do not conform to this nomenclature.</para></footnote> do not necessarily conform to this nomenclature.</para></footnote>
give them <firstterm>execute</firstterm> permission give them <firstterm>execute</firstterm> permission
(<userinput>chmod u+rx scriptname</userinput>), (<userinput>chmod u+rx scriptname</userinput>),
then run them to see what happens. Should the <ulink then run them to see what happens. Should the <ulink
url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/abs-guide-latest.tar.bz2">source url="http://bash.deta.in/abs-guide-latest.tar.bz2">source
archive</ulink> not be available, then cut-and-paste from the <ulink archive</ulink> not be available, then cut-and-paste from the <ulink
url="http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/abs-guide.html.tar.gz">HTML</ulink> or url="http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/abs-guide.html.tar.gz">HTML</ulink> or
<ulink url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/abs-guide.pdf">pdf</ulink> <ulink url="http://bash.deta.in/abs-guide.pdf">pdf</ulink>
rendered versions. Be aware that some of the scripts presented here rendered versions. Be aware that some of the scripts presented here
introduce features before they are explained, and this may require introduce features before they are explained, and this may require
the reader to temporarily skip ahead for enlightenment.</para> the reader to temporarily skip ahead for enlightenment.</para>
@ -1788,7 +1790,11 @@ fi</programlisting>
<para>In a <link linkend="dblparens">double-parentheses <para>In a <link linkend="dblparens">double-parentheses
construct</link>, the <token>?</token> construct</link>, the <token>?</token>
can serve as an element of a C-style can serve as an element of a C-style
<firstterm>trinary</firstterm> operator.</para> <firstterm>trinary</firstterm> operator.
<footnote><para>This is more commonly known
as the <firstterm>ternary</firstterm>
operator.</para></footnote>
</para>
<para><varname>condition</varname><command>?</command><varname>result-if-true</varname><command>:</command><varname>result-if-false</varname></para> <para><varname>condition</varname><command>?</command><varname>result-if-true</varname><command>:</command><varname>result-if-false</varname></para>
@ -2665,7 +2671,7 @@ fi</programlisting></para>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><anchor id="piperef"></para> <para><anchor id="piperef"></para>
<formalpara><title>pipe</title> <formalpara><title>pipe</title>
<para>Passes the output (<filename>stdout</filename> <para>Passes the output (<filename>stdout</filename>)
of a previous command to the input of a previous command to the input
(<filename>stdin</filename>) of the next one, or (<filename>stdin</filename>) of the next one, or
to the shell. This is a method of chaining commands to the shell. This is a method of chaining commands
@ -6144,8 +6150,9 @@ then
echo "The value of \"a\" lies somewhere between 0 and 5." echo "The value of \"a\" lies somewhere between 0 and 5."
fi</programlisting></para> fi</programlisting></para>
<para><xref linkend="cards"> demonstrates a nested <para><xref linkend="cards"> and <xref linkend="backlight">
<replaceable>if/then</replaceable> condition test.</para> demonstrate nested <replaceable>if/then</replaceable> condition
tests.</para>
</sect1> <!-- Nested if/then Tests --> </sect1> <!-- Nested if/then Tests -->
@ -11030,7 +11037,7 @@ case "$1" in
* ) FILENAME=$1;; # Otherwise, $1. * ) FILENAME=$1;; # Otherwise, $1.
esac</programlisting></para> esac</programlisting></para>
<para>Here is an more straightforward example of <para>Here is a more straightforward example of
command-line parameter handling: command-line parameter handling:
<programlisting>#! /bin/bash <programlisting>#! /bin/bash
@ -11856,6 +11863,7 @@ let "z += 3" # Quotes permit the use of spaces in variable assignment.
<listitem><para><link linkend="mimencoderef">mimencode</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="mimencoderef">mimencode</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="mkbootdiskref">mkbootdisk</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="mkbootdiskref">mkbootdisk</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="mkdirref">mkdir</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="mkdirref">mkdir</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="mkdosfsref">mkdosfs</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="mke2fsref">mke2fs</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="mke2fsref">mke2fs</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="mkfiforef">mkfifo</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="mkfiforef">mkfifo</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="mkisofsref">mkisofs</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="mkisofsref">mkisofs</link></para></listitem>
@ -12043,6 +12051,7 @@ let "z += 3" # Quotes permit the use of spaces in variable assignment.
<listitem><para><link linkend="whoisref">whois</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="whoisref">whois</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="writeref">write</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="writeref">write</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="xargsref">xargs</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="xargsref">xargs</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="xrandrref">xrandr</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="yaccref">yacc</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="yaccref">yacc</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="yesref">yes</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="yesref">yes</link></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><link linkend="zcatref">zcat</link></para></listitem> <listitem><para><link linkend="zcatref">zcat</link></para></listitem>
@ -12693,7 +12702,7 @@ while read f; do
<caution> <caution>
<para>The <firstterm>let</firstterm> command can, <para>The <firstterm>let</firstterm> command can,
in certain contexts, return an anomalous <link in certain contexts, return a surprising <link
linkend="exitstatusref">exit status</link>.</para> linkend="exitstatusref">exit status</link>.</para>
<para><programlisting># Evgeniy Ivanov points out: <para><programlisting># Evgeniy Ivanov points out:
@ -12716,8 +12725,11 @@ echo $? # 0
let var=0 let var=0
echo $? # 1 echo $? # 1
# The command was successful, so why isn't $?=0 ??? # The command was successful, so why isn't $?=0 ???
# Anomaly!</programlisting></para>
</caution> # However, as Jeff Gorak points out,
#+ this is part of the design spec for 'let' . . .
# "If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1;
# let returns 0 otherwise." ['help let']</programlisting></para></caution>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -12801,6 +12813,16 @@ eval eval echo $a # d
<programlisting>&rot14;</programlisting> <programlisting>&rot14;</programlisting>
</example> </example>
<para>Here is another example of using <firstterm>eval</firstterm>
to <emphasis>evaluate</emphasis> a complex expression,
this one from YongYe's <ulink
url="http://bash.deta.in/Tetris_Game.sh">Tetris
game script</ulink>.</para>
<para>
<programlisting>eval ${1}+=\"${x} ${y} \"</programlisting>
</para>
<para><xref linkend="samorse"> uses <para><xref linkend="samorse"> uses
<firstterm>eval</firstterm> to convert <link <firstterm>eval</firstterm> to convert <link
linkend="arrayref">array</link> elements into a command linkend="arrayref">array</link> elements into a command
@ -12812,6 +12834,10 @@ eval eval echo $a # d
<programlisting>eval var=\$$var</programlisting> <programlisting>eval var=\$$var</programlisting>
</para> </para>
<tip><para>The <firstterm>eval</firstterm> command can
be used to <link linkend="braceexpref3">parameterize
<firstterm>brace expansion</firstterm></link>.</para></tip>
<para><anchor id="evalrisk"></para> <para><anchor id="evalrisk"></para>
<caution><para>The <command>eval</command> command can be <caution><para>The <command>eval</command> command can be
@ -18528,7 +18554,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
# Creates a file of that name in the current working directory # Creates a file of that name in the current working directory
#+ with 600 file permissions. #+ with 600 file permissions.
# A "umask 177" is therefore unnecessary, # A "umask 177" is therefore unnecessary,
#+ but it's good programming practice anyhow.</programlisting></para> #+ but it's good programming practice nevertheless.</programlisting></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -18882,7 +18908,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
script.</para> script.</para>
<para><anchor id="ping0"></para> <para><anchor id="ping0"></para>
<para><programlisting> HNAME=nastyspammer.com <para><programlisting> HNAME=news-15.net # Notorious spammer.
# HNAME=$HOST # Debug: test for localhost. # HNAME=$HOST # Debug: test for localhost.
count=2 # Send only two pings. count=2 # Send only two pings.
@ -20545,6 +20571,12 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
<userinput>dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/home/bozo/projects/floppy.img</userinput> <userinput>dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/home/bozo/projects/floppy.img</userinput>
</para> </para>
<para><anchor id="bfs">Likewise, <command>dd</command>
can create bootable flash drives.
<userinput>dd if=image.iso of=/dev/sdb</userinput>
See <ulink url="http://marlow.dk/site.php/tech/usbkeys">
Marlow's Bootable USB Keys site</ulink>.</para>
<para><anchor id="ddswap"></para> <para><anchor id="ddswap"></para>
<para> <para>
Other applications of <command>dd</command> include Other applications of <command>dd</command> include
@ -23497,6 +23529,23 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><anchor id="mkdosfsref"><command>mkdosfs</command></term>
<indexterm>
<primary>mkdosfs</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>command</primary>
<secondary>mkdosfs</secondary>
</indexterm>
<listitem>
<para>Create a DOS <firstterm>FAT</firstterm>
filesystem.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><anchor id="tune2fsref"><command>tune2fs</command></term> <term><anchor id="tune2fsref"><command>tune2fs</command></term>
<indexterm> <indexterm>
@ -24453,6 +24502,28 @@ print "even when I don't know where to find Perl.\n";
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><anchor id="xrandrref"><command>xrandr</command></term>
<indexterm>
<primary>xrandr</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>command</primary>
<secondary>xrandr</secondary>
</indexterm>
<listitem>
<para>Command-line tool for manipulating the root window
of the screen.</para>
<example id="backlight">
<title><firstterm>Backlight</firstterm>: changes
the brightness of the (laptop) screen backlight</title>
<programlisting>&backlight;</programlisting>
</example>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><anchor id="rdistref"><command>rdist</command></term> <term><anchor id="rdistref"><command>rdist</command></term>
<indexterm> <indexterm>
@ -25987,7 +26058,7 @@ done <<< $(echo ${ArrayVar[*]})
2>&amp;1 | [command(s)] 2>&amp;1 | [command(s)]
bad_command 2>&1 | awk '{print $5}' # found bad_command 2>&1 | awk '{print $5}' # found
# Sends stderr through a pipe. # Sends stderr through a pipe.
# |&amp was added to Bash 4 as an abbreviation for 2>&amp;. # |&amp was added to Bash 4 as an abbreviation for 2>&amp;1 |.
i>&amp;j i>&amp;j
# Redirects file descriptor <emphasis>i</emphasis> to <emphasis>j</emphasis>. # Redirects file descriptor <emphasis>i</emphasis> to <emphasis>j</emphasis>.
@ -27366,6 +27437,12 @@ echo "$monthD" | awk '{ print $'"${1}"' }' # Tricky.
# Template for passing a parameter to embedded awk script: # Template for passing a parameter to embedded awk script:
# $'"${script_parameter}"' # $'"${script_parameter}"'
# Here's a slightly simpler awk construct:
# echo $monthD | awk -v month=$1 '{print $(month)}'
# Uses the -v awk option, which assigns a variable value
#+ prior to execution of the awk program block.
# Thank you, Rich.
# Needs error checking for correct parameter range (1-12) # Needs error checking for correct parameter range (1-12)
#+ and for February in leap year. #+ and for February in leap year.
} }
@ -27862,6 +27939,19 @@ drwxr-xr-x 40 bozo bozo 2048 Feb 6 14:04 ..
<replaceable>false</replaceable> is the last one to <replaceable>false</replaceable> is the last one to
execute).</para> execute).</para>
<para>An interesting use of a two-condition <firstterm>and
list</firstterm> from YongYe's <ulink
url="http://bash.deta.in/Tetris_Game.sh">Tetris
game script</ulink>:</para>
<para>
<programlisting>equation()
{ # core algorithm used for doubling and halving the coordinates
[[ ${cdx} ]] && ((y=cy+(ccy-cdy)${2}2))
eval ${1}+=\"${x} ${y} \"
}</programlisting>
</para>
<example id="ex64"> <example id="ex64">
@ -27901,6 +27991,8 @@ drwxr-xr-x 40 bozo bozo 2048 Feb 6 14:04 ..
execute). This is obviously the inverse of the <quote>and execute). This is obviously the inverse of the <quote>and
list</quote>.</para> list</quote>.</para>
<example id="ex65"> <example id="ex65">
<title>Using <firstterm>or lists</firstterm> in combination <title>Using <firstterm>or lists</firstterm> in combination
with an <firstterm>and list</firstterm></title> with an <firstterm>and list</firstterm></title>
@ -31046,7 +31138,7 @@ test "$city" \< Paris && echo "Yes, Paris is greater than $city"
<para>Alister's <ulink url="http://code.google.com/p/ansi-color/"> <para>Alister's <ulink url="http://code.google.com/p/ansi-color/">
ansi-color</ulink> utility (based on <ulink ansi-color</ulink> utility (based on <ulink
url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/color-1.1.tar.gz">Moshe url="http://bash.deta.in/color-1.1.tar.gz">Moshe
Jacobson's color utility</ulink> considerably simplifies using Jacobson's color utility</ulink> considerably simplifies using
ANSI escape sequences. It substitutes a clean and logical ANSI escape sequences. It substitutes a clean and logical
syntax for the clumsy constructs just discussed.</para> syntax for the clumsy constructs just discussed.</para>
@ -32054,6 +32146,11 @@ echo "User entered: "$answer""</programlisting>
Mortice Kern Associates add shell scripting capabilities to Mortice Kern Associates add shell scripting capabilities to
Windows.</para> Windows.</para>
<para>Another alternative is <ulink
url="http://www2.research.att.com/~gsf/download/uwin/uwin.html">
UNWIN</ulink>, written by David Korn of AT&amp;T, of <link
linkend="kornshellref">Korn Shell</link> fame.</para>
<para>In 2006, Microsoft released the <trademark <para>In 2006, Microsoft released the <trademark
class=registered>Windows Powershell</trademark>, class=registered>Windows Powershell</trademark>,
which contains limited Bash-like command-line scripting which contains limited Bash-like command-line scripting
@ -32179,11 +32276,23 @@ echo {{a..c},{1..3}}
# a b c 1 2 3 # a b c 1 2 3
# The "comma operator" splices together strings. # The "comma operator" splices together strings.
# ########## ######### ############ ########### ######### ###############
# Unfortunately, brace expansion does not lend itself to parameterization. # Unfortunately, brace expansion does not lend itself to parameterization.
var1=1 var1=1
var2=5 var2=5
echo {$var1..$var2} # {1..5}</programlisting></para> echo {$var1..$var2} # {1..5}
# Yet, as Emiliano G. points out, using "eval" overcomes this limitation.
start=0
end=10
for index in $(eval echo {$start..$end})
do
echo -n "$index " # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
done
echo</programlisting></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -33112,12 +33221,14 @@ echo</programlisting></para>
<footnote><para>Those who can, do. Those who can't . . . get an <footnote><para>Those who can, do. Those who can't . . . get an
MCSE.</para></footnote> MCSE.</para></footnote>
This book is somewhat of a departure from his other major work, This book is somewhat of a departure from his other major work,
<ulink url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/hmw60.zip"> <ulink url="http://bash.deta.in/hmw60.zip">
HOW-2 Meet Women: The Shy Man's Guide to HOW-2 Meet Women: The Shy Man's Guide to
Relationships</ulink>. He has also written the <ulink Relationships</ulink>. He has also written the <ulink
url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Software-Building-HOWTO.html">Software-Building url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Software-Building-HOWTO.html">Software-Building
HOWTO</ulink>. Of late, he has been trying his (heavy) hand at HOWTO</ulink>. Of late, he has been trying his
short fiction.</para> (heavy) hand at short fiction and has at least one <ulink
url="http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Morse-Code-Shield/">Instructable</ulink>
to his (dis)credit.</para>
<para>A Linux user since 1995 (Slackware 2.2, kernel 1.2.1), <para>A Linux user since 1995 (Slackware 2.2, kernel 1.2.1),
the author has emitted a few the author has emitted a few
@ -33130,13 +33241,13 @@ echo</programlisting></para>
Scrabble&reg; adjudicator, the <ulink Scrabble&reg; adjudicator, the <ulink
url="http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz">yawl</ulink> url="http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz">yawl</ulink>
word gaming list package, and the <ulink word gaming list package, and the <ulink
url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/qky.README.html">Quacky</ulink> url="http://bash.deta.in/qky.README.html">Quacky</ulink>
anagramming gaming package. He got off to a rather shaky start in the anagramming gaming package. He got off to a rather shaky start in the
computer game -- programming FORTRAN IV on a CDC 3800 (on paper coding computer game -- programming FORTRAN IV on a CDC 3800 (on paper coding
pads, no less) -- and is not the least bit nostalgic for those pads, no less) -- and is not the least bit nostalgic for those
days.</para> days.</para>
<para>Living in a secluded community with wife and orange <para>Living in an out-of-the-way community with wife and orange
tabby, he cherishes human frailty, especially his own. tabby, he cherishes human frailty, especially his own.
<footnote><para>Sometimes it seems as if he has spent <footnote><para>Sometimes it seems as if he has spent
his entire life flouting conventional wisdom and defying the his entire life flouting conventional wisdom and defying the
@ -33578,9 +33689,6 @@ echo</programlisting></para>
the basic concepts of shell scripting.</para></footnote> the basic concepts of shell scripting.</para></footnote>
In fact, this book was the <firstterm>ABS Guide</firstterm> author's In fact, this book was the <firstterm>ABS Guide</firstterm> author's
first exposure to UNIX shell scripting, lo these many years ago.</para> first exposure to UNIX shell scripting, lo these many years ago.</para>
<para>For more information, see <ulink
url="http://www.kochan-wood.com/">the Kochan-Wood
website</ulink>.</para>
<para>*</para> <para>*</para>
</abstract> </abstract>
</biblioentry> </biblioentry>
@ -33741,7 +33849,7 @@ echo</programlisting></para>
</copyright> </copyright>
<isbn>0-691-02356-5</isbn> <isbn>0-691-02356-5</isbn>
<abstract><para>The classic tutorial on problem-solving methods <abstract><para>The classic tutorial on problem-solving methods
(i.e., algorithms), with special emphasis on how to teach them.</para> (algorithms), with special emphasis on how to teach them.</para>
<para>*</para> <para>*</para>
</abstract> </abstract>
</biblioentry> </biblioentry>
@ -33806,7 +33914,7 @@ echo</programlisting></para>
book is part of the <firstterm>awk</firstterm> documentation, book is part of the <firstterm>awk</firstterm> documentation,
and printed copies of the latest version are available from and printed copies of the latest version are available from
O'Reilly and Associates.</para> O'Reilly and Associates.</para>
<para>This book has served as an inspiration for the author <para>This book served as an inspiration for the author
of the <firstterm>ABS Guide</firstterm>.</para> of the <firstterm>ABS Guide</firstterm>.</para>
<para>*</para> <para>*</para>
</abstract> </abstract>
@ -33825,9 +33933,9 @@ echo</programlisting></para>
</copyright> </copyright>
<isbn>1-56592-054-6</isbn> <isbn>1-56592-054-6</isbn>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>This well-written book contains some excellent pointers on shell <para><anchor id="kornshellref">This well-written book contains
scripting in general.</para> some excellent pointers on shell scripting in general.</para>
<para>*</para> <para>*</para>
</abstract> </abstract>
</biblioentry> </biblioentry>
@ -33887,7 +33995,7 @@ echo</programlisting></para>
<year>2004</year> <year>2004</year>
</copyright> </copyright>
<isbn>1-59327-012-7</isbn> <isbn>1-59327-012-7</isbn>
<abstract><para>Just what the title promises . . .</para> <abstract><para>Pretty much what the title promises . . .</para>
<para>*</para> <para>*</para>
</abstract> </abstract>
</biblioentry> </biblioentry>
@ -34112,6 +34220,14 @@ url="http://nixshell.wordpress.com/2011/07/13/arcade-games-written-in-a-shell-sc
</abstract> </abstract>
</biblioentry> </biblioentry>
<biblioentry>
<abstract>
<para>YongYe's wonderfully complex <ulink
url="http://bash.deta.in/Tetris_Game.sh">Tetris game
script</ulink>.</para>
</abstract>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry> <biblioentry>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>Mark Komarinski's <ulink <para>Mark Komarinski's <ulink
@ -34228,6 +34344,15 @@ url="http://nixshell.wordpress.com/2011/07/13/arcade-games-written-in-a-shell-sc
</abstract> </abstract>
</biblioentry> </biblioentry>
<biblioentry>
<abstract>
<para><ulink
url="http://auctiongallery.sourceforge.net">AuctionGallery</ulink>,
an application for eBay <quote>power sellers</quote> coded
in Bash.</para>
</abstract>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry> <biblioentry>
<abstract> <abstract>
<para>Of historical interest are Colin Needham's <para>Of historical interest are Colin Needham's
@ -34350,7 +34475,7 @@ url="http://nixshell.wordpress.com/2011/07/13/arcade-games-written-in-a-shell-sc
<title>Contributed Scripts</title> <title>Contributed Scripts</title>
<para>These scripts, while not fitting into the text of this document, do <para>These scripts, while not fitting into the text of this document, do
illustrate some interesting shell programming techniques. They are useful, illustrate some interesting shell programming techniques. Some are useful,
too. Have fun analyzing and running them.</para> too. Have fun analyzing and running them.</para>
<example id="mailformat"> <example id="mailformat">
@ -34837,7 +34962,7 @@ url="http://nixshell.wordpress.com/2011/07/13/arcade-games-written-in-a-shell-sc
<para><command>*</command> <emphasis>Must be quoted</emphasis>, <para><command>*</command> <emphasis>Must be quoted</emphasis>,
otherwise it defaults to otherwise it defaults to
<quote><varname>$@</varname></quote>.</para> <varname>$@</varname>.</para>
<para><anchor id="bincomptab"></para> <para><anchor id="bincomptab"></para>
@ -35425,7 +35550,7 @@ url="http://nixshell.wordpress.com/2011/07/13/arcade-games-written-in-a-shell-sc
<row> <row>
<entry><option>(( var0 = var1&lt;98?9:21 ))</option></entry> <entry><option>(( var0 = var1&lt;98?9:21 ))</option></entry>
<entry><firstterm>C-style</firstterm> <link <entry><firstterm>C-style</firstterm> <link
linkend="cstrinary"> trinary</link> operation</entry> linkend="cstrinary"> ternary</link> operation</entry>
</row> </row>
<row><entry></entry><entry></entry></row> <row><entry></entry><entry></entry></row>
<row> <row>
@ -35898,13 +36023,13 @@ awk '{print $0}' $filename
<entry><option>2</option></entry> <entry><option>2</option></entry>
<entry>Misuse of shell builtins (according to Bash documentation)</entry> <entry>Misuse of shell builtins (according to Bash documentation)</entry>
<entry>empty_function() {}</entry> <entry>empty_function() {}</entry>
<entry>Seldom seen, usually defaults to exit <entry><link linkend="missingkeyword">Missing keyword</link>
code <errorcode>1</errorcode></entry> or command</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><option>126</option></entry> <entry><option>126</option></entry>
<entry>Command invoked cannot execute</entry> <entry>Command invoked cannot execute</entry>
<entry></entry> <entry>/dev/null</entry>
<entry>Permission problem or command is not an executable</entry> <entry>Permission problem or command is not an executable</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
@ -35931,7 +36056,7 @@ awk '{print $0}' $filename
<row> <row>
<entry><option>130</option></entry> <entry><option>130</option></entry>
<entry>Script terminated by Control-C</entry> <entry>Script terminated by Control-C</entry>
<entry></entry> <entry><emphasis>Ctl-C</emphasis></entry>
<entry>Control-C is fatal error signal <entry>Control-C is fatal error signal
<errorcode>2</errorcode>, (130 = 128 + 2, see above)</entry> <errorcode>2</errorcode>, (130 = 128 + 2, see above)</entry>
</row> </row>
@ -38994,6 +39119,11 @@ thegrendel@theriver.com</programlisting></para>
<entry>30 Aug 2011</entry> <entry>30 Aug 2011</entry>
<entry>VORTEXBERRY release: Minor update.</entry> <entry>VORTEXBERRY release: Minor update.</entry>
</row> </row>
<row>
<entry><option>6.5</option></entry>
<entry>05 Apr 2012</entry>
<entry>TUNGSTENBERRY release: Minor update.</entry>
</row>
</tbody> </tbody>
</tgroup> </tgroup>
</table> </table>
@ -39010,31 +39140,32 @@ thegrendel@theriver.com</programlisting></para>
<link linkend="bzipref">bzip2-ed</link> <link linkend="bzipref">bzip2-ed</link>
<quote>tarball</quote> including both the SGML source <quote>tarball</quote> including both the SGML source
and rendered HTML, may be downloaded from the <ulink and rendered HTML, may be downloaded from the <ulink
url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/abs-guide-latest.tar.bz2">author's url="http://bash.deta.in/abs-guide-latest.tar.bz2">author's
home site</ulink>). home site</ulink>).
A <ulink A <ulink
url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/abs-guide.pdf"> url="http://bash.deta.in/abs-guide.pdf">
pdf version</ulink> is also available. pdf version</ulink> is also available (<ulink
url="http://www.mediafire.com/?3y6fkpd976fcash">mirror site</ulink>).
There is likewise an <ulink There is likewise an <ulink
url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/abs-guide.epub"> url="http://bash.deta.in/abs-guide.epub">
epub version</ulink>, courtesy of Craig Barnes. epub version</ulink>, courtesy of Craig Barnes.
The <ulink The <ulink
url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/Change.log">change url="http://bash.deta.in/Change.log">change
log</ulink> gives a detailed revision history. log</ulink> gives a detailed revision history.
The <emphasis>ABS Guide</emphasis> even has <ulink The <emphasis>ABS Guide</emphasis> even has <ulink
url="http://freshmeat.net/projects/advancedbashscriptingguide/"> url="http://freecode.com/projects/advancedbashscriptingguide/">
its own <filename>freshmeat.net</filename> page</ulink> to keep its own <filename>freshmeat.net/freecode</filename> page</ulink>
track of major updates, user comments, and popularity ratings to keep track of major updates, user comments, and popularity
for the project.</para> ratings for the project.</para>
<para>The legacy hosting site for this document is the <ulink <para>The legacy hosting site for this document is the <ulink
url="http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>, url="http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/">Linux Documentation Project</ulink>,
which maintains many other Guides and HOWTOs as well.</para> which maintains many other Guides and HOWTOs as well.</para>
<para>Many thanks to Ronny Bangsund for donating <ulink <para>Many thanks to Ronny Bangsund for donating <ulink
url="http://bash.webofcrafts.net/">server space</ulink> to host url="http://bash.deta.in/">server space</ulink> to host
this project.</para> this project.</para>
@ -39212,17 +39343,18 @@ distributors, or any of its associated software or documentation.</programlistin
url="http://gazette.linux.ru.net/rus/articles/index-abs-guide.html">Russian</ulink>, url="http://gazette.linux.ru.net/rus/articles/index-abs-guide.html">Russian</ulink>,
<ulink url="http://premekvihan.net/bash">Czech</ulink>, <ulink <ulink url="http://premekvihan.net/bash">Czech</ulink>, <ulink
url="http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?t=256887">Chinese</ulink>, url="http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?t=256887">Chinese</ulink>,
Indonesian, Dutch, and Romanian translations are also available or Indonesian, Dutch, Romanian, and Bulgarian translations are also
in progress. If you wish to translate this document into another available or in progress. If you wish to translate this document
language, please feel free to do so, subject to the terms stated into another language, please feel free to do so, subject to
above. The author wishes to be notified of such efforts.</para> the terms stated above. The author wishes to be notified of such
efforts.</para>
<sidebar><para>For those readers who absolutely insist on making <sidebar><para>For those generous readers who insist
a donation to the author, you may contribute a small amount on making a donation to the author, you may contribute a small
via Paypal to my e-mail address, amount via Paypal to my e-mail address,
<email>thegrendel.abs@gmail.com</email>. Note that this <email>thegrendel.abs@gmail.com</email>. Note that this
is emphatically <emphasis>not</emphasis> necessary, or even is <emphasis>not</emphasis> necessary.
recommended. This book is a free and freely distributed document This book is a free and freely distributed document
for the use and enjoyment of the Linux community.</para></sidebar> for the use and enjoyment of the Linux community.</para></sidebar>

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/agram.sh
View File

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ grep -v 'ed$' # no past tense verbs
# Uses "anagram" utility # Uses "anagram" utility
#+ that is part of the author's "yawl" word list package. #+ that is part of the author's "yawl" word list package.
# http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
# http://bash.webofcrafts.net/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://bash.deta.in/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
exit 0 # End of code. exit 0 # End of code.

10
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/agram2.sh
View File

@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
# Uses "anagram" utility # Uses "anagram" utility
#+ that is part of the author's "yawl" word list package. #+ that is part of the author's "yawl" word list package.
# http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
# http://bash.webofcrafts.net/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://bash.deta.in/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
E_NOARGS=66 E_NOARGS=86
E_BADARG=67 E_BADARG=87
MINLEN=7 MINLEN=7
if [ -z "$1" ] if [ -z "$1" ]
@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ echo ${Anagrams[1]} # Second anagram.
# echo "${Anagrams[*]}" # To list all the anagrams in a single line . . . # echo "${Anagrams[*]}" # To list all the anagrams in a single line . . .
# Look ahead to the "Arrays" chapter for enlightenment on # Look ahead to the Arrays chapter for enlightenment on
#+ what's going on here. #+ what's going on here.
# See also the agram.sh script for an example of anagram finding. # See also the agram.sh script for an exercise in anagram finding.
exit $? exit $?

62
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/backlight.sh Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
#!/bin/bash
# backlight.sh
# reldate 02dec2011
# A bug in Fedora Core 16 messes up the keyboard backlight controls.
# This script is a quick-n-dirty workaround, essentially a shell wrapper
#+ for xrandr. It gives more control than on-screen sliders and widgets.
OUTPUT=$(xrandr | grep LV | awk '{print $1}') # Get display name!
INCR=.05 # For finer-grained control, set INCR to .03 or .02.
old_brightness=$(xrandr --verbose | grep rightness | awk '{ print $2 }')
if [ -z "$1" ]
then
bright=1 # If no command-line arg, set brightness to 1.0 (default).
else
if [ "$1" = "+" ]
then
bright=$(echo "scale=2; $old_brightness + $INCR" | bc) # +.05
else
if [ "$1" = "-" ]
then
bright=$(echo "scale=2; $old_brightness - $INCR" | bc) # -.05
else
if [ "$1" = "#" ] # Echoes current brightness; does not change it.
then
bright=$old_brightness
else
if [[ "$1" = "h" || "$1" = "H" ]]
then
echo
echo "Usage:"
echo "$0 [No args] Sets/resets brightness to default (1.0)."
echo "$0 + Increments brightness by 0.5."
echo "$0 - Decrements brightness by 0.5."
echo "$0 # Echoes current brightness without changing it."
echo "$0 N (number) Sets brightness to N (useful range .7 - 1.2)."
echo "$0 h [H] Echoes this help message."
echo "$0 any-other Gives xrandr usage message."
bright=$old_brightness
else
bright="$1"
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
xrandr --output "$OUTPUT" --brightness "$bright" # See xrandr manpage.
echo "Current brightness = $bright"
exit $?

6
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/behead.sh
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#! /bin/sh #! /bin/sh
# Strips off the header from a mail/News message i.e. till the first # Strips off the header from a mail/News message i.e. till the first
# empty line. #+ empty line.
# Author: Mark Moraes, University of Toronto # Author: Mark Moraes, University of Toronto
# ==> These comments added by author of this document. # ==> These comments added by author of this document.

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/cw-solver.sh
View File

@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ DICT=/usr/share/dict/word.lst
#+ download the author's "yawl" word list package. #+ download the author's "yawl" word list package.
# http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
# or # or
# http://bash.webofcrafts.net/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://bash.deta.in/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
if [ -z "$1" ] # If no word pattern specified if [ -z "$1" ] # If no word pattern specified

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/dev-tcp.sh
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
# Script by Troy Engel. # Script by Troy Engel.
# Used with permission. # Used with permission.
TCP_HOST=www.dns-diy.com # A known spam-friendly ISP. TCP_HOST=news-15.net # A known spam-friendly ISP.
TCP_PORT=80 # Port 80 is http. TCP_PORT=80 # Port 80 is http.
# Try to connect. (Somewhat similar to a 'ping' . . .) # Try to connect. (Somewhat similar to a 'ping' . . .)

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex10.sh
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
# Tip: # Tip:
# If you're unsure of how a certain condition would evaluate, # If you're unsure how a certain condition might evaluate,
#+ test it in an if-test. #+ test it in an if-test.
echo echo
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ echo
# When is "false" true? # When is "false" true?
echo "Testing \"false\"" echo "Testing \"false\""
if [ "false" ] # It seems that "false" is just a string. if [ "false" ] # It seems that "false" is just a string ...
then then
echo "\"false\" is true." #+ and it tests true. echo "\"false\" is true." #+ and it tests true.
else else

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex12.sh
View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
filename=sys.log filename=sys.log
cat /dev/null > $filename; echo "Creating / cleaning out file." cat /dev/null > $filename; echo "Creating / cleaning out file."
# Creates file if it does not already exist, # Creates the file if it does not already exist,
#+ and truncates it to zero length if it does. #+ and truncates it to zero length if it does.
# : > filename and > filename also work. # : > filename and > filename also work.

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex14.sh
View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` filename" >&2 echo "Usage: `basename $0` filename" >&2
# Error message to stderr. # Error message to stderr.
exit $E_NOARGS exit $E_NOARGS
# Returns 65 as exit status of script (error code). # Returns 85 as exit status of script (error code).
fi fi
filename=$1 filename=$1

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex19.sh
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
# Name this script something like shft.sh, # Name this script something like shft.sh,
#+ and invoke it with some parameters. #+ and invoke it with some parameters.
#+ For example: #+ For example:
# sh shft.sh a b c def 23 Skidoo # sh shft.sh a b c def 83 barndoor
until [ -z "$1" ] # Until all parameters used up . . . until [ -z "$1" ] # Until all parameters used up . . .
do do

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex2.sh
View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fi # Doublecheck if in right directory before messing with log file.
tail -n $lines messages > mesg.temp # Save last section of message log file. tail -n $lines messages > mesg.temp # Save last section of message log file.
mv mesg.temp messages # Becomes new log directory. mv mesg.temp messages # Rename it as system log file.
# cat /dev/null > messages # cat /dev/null > messages

6
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex35.sh
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@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
a=/home/bozo/daily-journal.txt address=/home/bozo/daily-journal.txt
echo "Basename of /home/bozo/daily-journal.txt = `basename $a`" echo "Basename of /home/bozo/daily-journal.txt = `basename $address`"
echo "Dirname of /home/bozo/daily-journal.txt = `dirname $a`" echo "Dirname of /home/bozo/daily-journal.txt = `dirname $address`"
echo echo
echo "My own home is `basename ~/`." # `basename ~` also works. echo "My own home is `basename ~/`." # `basename ~` also works.
echo "The home of my home is `dirname ~/`." # `dirname ~` also works. echo "The home of my home is `dirname ~/`." # `dirname ~` also works.

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex56.sh
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
echo "This precedes the embedded Perl script within \"$0\"." echo "This precedes the embedded Perl script within \"$0\"."
echo "===============================================================" echo "==============================================================="
perl -e 'print "This is an embedded Perl script.\n";' perl -e 'print "This line prints from an embedded Perl script.\n";'
# Like sed, Perl also uses the "-e" option. # Like sed, Perl also uses the "-e" option.
echo "===============================================================" echo "==============================================================="

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ex68.sh
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@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Primes=( '' $(seq $UPPER_LIMIT) )
i=1 i=1
until (( ( i += 1 ) > SPLIT )) # Need check only halfway. until (( ( i += 1 ) > SPLIT )) # Need check only halfway.
do do
if [[ -n $Primes[i] ]] if [[ -n ${Primes[i]} ]]
then then
t=$i t=$i
until (( ( t += i ) > UPPER_LIMIT )) until (( ( t += i ) > UPPER_LIMIT ))

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/fibo.sh
View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
# Author: M. Cooper # Author: M. Cooper
# License: GPL3 # License: GPL3
# --------------------------------- # ----------algorithm--------------
# Fibo(0) = 0 # Fibo(0) = 0
# Fibo(1) = 1 # Fibo(1) = 1
# else # else

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/fifteen.sh
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@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ function Solved
} }
################### MAIN () ######################## ################### MAIN () #######################{
moves=0 moves=0
Jumble Jumble
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ PrintPuzzle
echo; echo "BRAVO!"; echo echo; echo "BRAVO!"; echo
exit 0 exit 0
#################################################### ###################################################}
# Exercise: # Exercise:
# -------- # --------

6
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/for-loopc.sh
View File

@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ echo; echo
LIMIT=10 LIMIT=10
for ((a=1; a <= LIMIT ; a++)) # Double parentheses, and "LIMIT" with no "$". for ((a=1; a <= LIMIT ; a++)) # Double parentheses, and naked "LIMIT"
do do
echo -n "$a " echo -n "$a "
done # A construct borrowed from 'ksh93'. done # A construct borrowed from ksh93.
echo; echo echo; echo
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ echo; echo
# Let's use the C "comma operator" to increment two variables simultaneously. # Let's use the C "comma operator" to increment two variables simultaneously.
for ((a=1, b=1; a <= LIMIT ; a++, b++)) for ((a=1, b=1; a <= LIMIT ; a++, b++))
do # The comma chains together operations. do # The comma concatenates operations.
echo -n "$a-$b " echo -n "$a-$b "
done done

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/from.sh
View File

@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
# from.sh # from.sh
# Emulates the useful "from" utility in Solaris, BSD, etc. # Emulates the useful 'from' utility in Solaris, BSD, etc.
# Echoes the "From" header line in all messages # Echoes the "From" header line in all messages
#+ in your e-mail directory. #+ in your e-mail directory.
MAILDIR=~/mail/* # No quoting of variable. Why? MAILDIR=~/mail/* # No quoting of variable. Why?
# Maybe check if exists $MAILDIR . . . if [ -d $MAILDIR ] . . . # Maybe check if-exists $MAILDIR: if [ -d $MAILDIR ] . . .
GREP_OPTS="-H -A 5 --color" # Show file, plus extra context lines GREP_OPTS="-H -A 5 --color" # Show file, plus extra context lines
#+ and display "From" in color. #+ and display "From" in color.
TARGETSTR="^From" # "From" at beginning of line. TARGETSTR="^From" # "From" at beginning of line.

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/func-cmdlinearg.sh
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@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
func () func ()
{ {
echo "$1" echo "$1" # Echoes first arg passed to the function.
} } # Does a command-line arg qualify?
echo "First call to function: no arg passed." echo "First call to function: no arg passed."
echo "See if command-line arg is seen." echo "See if command-line arg is seen."

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/gen0
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
# #
# Lines beginning with a '#' are comments, and the script ignores them. # Lines beginning with a '#' are comments, and the script ignores them.
__.__..___ __.__..___
___._.____ __.._.____
____.___.. ____.___..
_._______. _._______.
____._____ ____._____

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/getopt-simple.sh
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ getopt_simple $*
echo "test is '$test'" echo "test is '$test'"
echo "test2 is '$test2'" echo "test2 is '$test2'"
exit 0 # See also, UseGetOpt.sh, a modified versio of this script. exit 0 # See also, UseGetOpt.sh, a modified version of this script.
--- ---

18
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/gronsfeld.bash
View File

@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
# This is an implementation of the Gronsfeld Cipher. # This is an implementation of the Gronsfeld Cipher.
# It's essentially a stripped-down variant of the # It's essentially a stripped-down variant of the
#+ polyalphabetic Vigen&egrave;re Tableau, but with only 10 alphabets. #+ polyalphabetic Vigen&egrave;re Tableau, but with only 10 alphabets.
# The classic Gronsfeld has a numerical sequence as the key word, # The classic Gronsfeld has a numeric sequence as the key word,
#+ but instead we substitute a letter string, for ease of use. #+ but here we substitute a letter string, for ease of use.
# Allegedly, this cipher was invented by the eponymous Count Gronsfeld # Allegedly, this cipher was invented by the eponymous Count Gronsfeld
#+ in the 17th Century. It was at one time considered to be unbreakable. #+ in the 17th Century. It was at one time considered to be unbreakable.
# Note that this is ###not### a secure cipher by modern standards. # Note that this is ###not### a secure cipher by modern standards.
# Global Variables # # Global Variables #
Enc_suffix="29378" # Encrypted text output with this 5-digit suffix. Enc_suffix="29379" # Encrypted text output with this 5-digit suffix.
# This functions as a decryption flag, # This functions as a decryption flag,
#+ and when used to generate passwords adds security. #+ and when used to generate passwords adds security.
Default_key="gronsfeldk" Default_key="gronsfeldk"
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ wraplen=26 # Wrap around if past end of alphabet.
dflag= # Decrypt flag (set if $Enc_suffix present). dflag= # Decrypt flag (set if $Enc_suffix present).
E_NOARGS=76 # Missing command-line args? E_NOARGS=76 # Missing command-line args?
DEBUG=77 # Debugging flag. DEBUG=77 # Debugging flag.
declare -a offsets # This array holds the numerical shift values for declare -a offsets # This array holds the numeric shift values for
#+ encryption/decryption. #+ encryption/decryption.
########Keychain######### ########Keychain#########
@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ do
# Shift forward to encrypt. # Shift forward to encrypt.
test $(( $idx % $GROUPLEN)) = 0 && echo -n " " # Groups of 5 letters. test $(( $idx % $GROUPLEN)) = 0 && echo -n " " # Groups of 5 letters.
# Comment out above line for output as a string without whitespace, # Comment out above line for output as a string without whitespace,
# for example, if using the script as a password generator. #+ for example, if using the script as a password generator.
fi fi
((off1--)) # Normalize. ((off1--)) # Normalize. Why is this necessary?
if [ $off1 -lt 0 ] if [ $off1 -lt 0 ]
then # Catch negative indices. then # Catch negative indices.
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ done
# int main () { # int main () {
# Check if command-line args. # Check for command-line args.
if [ -z "$1" ] if [ -z "$1" ]
then then
echo "Usage: $0 TEXT TO ENCODE/DECODE" echo "Usage: $0 TEXT TO ENCODE/DECODE"
@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ exit $? # } End-of-script
# This script can function as a password generator, # This script can function as a password generator,
#+ with several minor mods, see above. #+ with several minor mods, see above.
# That would allow an easy-to-remember password, even the word # That would allow an easy-to-remember password, even the word
#+ "password" itself, which encrypts to vrgfotvo29378 #+ "password" itself, which encrypts to vrgfotvo29379
#+ a fairly secure password not susceptible to a dictionary attack. #+ a fairly secure password not susceptible to a dictionary attack.
# Or, you could use your own name (surely that's easy to remember!). # Or, you could use your own name (surely that's easy to remember!).
# For example, Bozo Bozeman encrypts to hfnbttdppkt29378. # For example, Bozo Bozeman encrypts to hfnbttdppkt29379.
# ************************************************************** # # ************************************************************** #

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/is_spammer.bash
View File

@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Optional environment variables
Additional documentation Additional documentation
Download the archived set of scripts Download the archived set of scripts
explaining and illustrating the function contained within this script. explaining and illustrating the function contained within this script.
http://bash.webofcrafts.net/mszick_clf.tar.bz2 http://bash.deta.in/mszick_clf.tar.bz2
Study notes Study notes

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/lookup.sh
View File

@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
file=words.data # Data file from which to read words to test. file=words.data # Data file from which to read words to test.
echo
echo "Testing file $file"
echo echo
while [ "$word" != end ] # Last word in data file. while [ "$word" != end ] # Last word in data file.
do # ^^^ do # ^^^
read word # From data file, because of redirection at end of loop. read word # From data file, because of redirection at end of loop.
look $word > /dev/null # Don't want to display lines in dictionary file. look $word > /dev/null # Don't want to display lines in dictionary file.
# Searches for words in the file /usr/share/dict/words
#+ (usually a link to linux.words).
lookup=$? # Exit status of 'look' command. lookup=$? # Exit status of 'look' command.
if [ "$lookup" -eq 0 ] if [ "$lookup" -eq 0 ]

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/missing-keyword.sh
View File

@ -7,3 +7,7 @@ do
# done # Required keyword 'done' commented out in line 7. # done # Required keyword 'done' commented out in line 7.
exit 0 exit 0
# === #
echo $? # 2

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/pw.sh
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
# May need to be invoked with #!/bin/bash2 on older machines. #
# #
# Random password generator for Bash 2.x + # Random password generator for Bash 2.x +
#+ by Antek Sawicki &lt;tenox@tenox.tc&gt;, #+ by Antek Sawicki &lt;tenox@tenox.tc&gt;,

27
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/qky.sh
View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ WLIST=/usr/share/dict/word.lst
# ^^^^^^^^ Word list file found here. # ^^^^^^^^ Word list file found here.
# ASCII word list, one word per line, UNIX format. # ASCII word list, one word per line, UNIX format.
# A suggested list is the script author's "yawl" word list package. # A suggested list is the script author's "yawl" word list package.
# http://bash.webofcrafts.net/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://bash.deta.in/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
# or # or
# http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/libs/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ E_DUP=70 # Duplicate word error.
TIMEOUT=10 # Time for word input. TIMEOUT=10 # Time for word input.
NVLET=10 # 10 letters for non-vulnerable. NVLET=10 # 10 letters for non-vulnerable.
VULET=13 # 13 letters for vulnerable (not yet implemented). VULET=13 # 13 letters for vulnerable (not yet implemented!).
declare -a Words declare -a Words
declare -a Status declare -a Status
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ but it is otherwise feature-complete.
As the game begins, the player gets 10 letters. As the game begins, the player gets 10 letters.
The object is to construct valid dictionary words The object is to construct valid dictionary words
of at least 3-letter-length from the letterset. of at least 3-letter length from the letterset.
Each word-length category Each word-length category
-- 3-letter, 4-letter, 5-letter, ... -- -- 3-letter, 4-letter, 5-letter, ... --
fills up with the fifth word entered, fills up with the fifth word entered,
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Category completion bonuses are:
6-letter words 800 6-letter words 800
7-letter words 2000 7-letter words 2000
8-letter words 10000 8-letter words 10000
This is a simplification of the absurdly complicated Perquackey bonus This is a simplification of the absurdly baroque Perquackey bonus
scoring system. scoring system.
INSTRUCTION2 INSTRUCTION2
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Hitting just ENTER for a word entry ends the game.
Individual word entry is timed to a maximum of 10 seconds. Individual word entry is timed to a maximum of 10 seconds.
*** Timing out on an entry ends the game. *** *** Timing out on an entry ends the game. ***
Other than that, the game is untimed. Aside from that, the game is untimed.
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
Game statistics are automatically saved to a file. Game statistics are automatically saved to a file.
@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ get_word ()
} }
is_constructable () is_constructable ()
{ # This was the most complex and difficult-to-write function. { # This is the most complex and difficult-to-write function.
local -a local_LS=( "${LS[@]}" ) # Local copy of letter set. local -a local_LS=( "${LS[@]}" ) # Local copy of letter set.
local is_found=0 local is_found=0
local idx=0 local idx=0
@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ is_constructable ()
is_valid () is_valid ()
{ # Surprisingly easy to check if word in dictionary ... { # Surprisingly easy to check if word in dictionary ...
fgrep -qw "$1" "$WLIST" # ... thanks to 'grep' ... fgrep -qw "$1" "$WLIST" # ... courtesy of 'grep' ...
echo $? echo $?
} }
@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ check_word ()
return $NG return $NG
fi fi
### FIXME: Streamline the above code. ### FIXME: Streamline the above code block.
} }
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ play ()
{ {
word="Start game" # Dummy word, to start ... word="Start game" # Dummy word, to start ...
while [ "$word" ] # If player just hits return (blank word), while [ "$word" ] # If player just hits return (null word),
do #+ then game ends. do #+ then game ends.
echo "$word: "${Status[@]}"" echo "$word: "${Status[@]}""
echo -n "Last score: [${Score[0]}] TOTAL score: [${Score[1]}]: Next word: " echo -n "Last score: [${Score[0]}] TOTAL score: [${Score[1]}]: Next word: "
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ play ()
done # Exit game. done # Exit game.
### FIXME: The play () function calls too many other functions. ### FIXME: The play () function calls too many other functions.
### This is perilously close to "spaghetti code" ... ### This verges on "spaghetti code" !!!
} }
end_of_game () end_of_game ()
@ -457,9 +457,10 @@ exit $?
# 3) Improve the time-out ... maybe change to untimed entry, # 3) Improve the time-out ... maybe change to untimed entry,
#+ but with a time limit for the overall round. #+ but with a time limit for the overall round.
# 4) An on-screen countdown timer would be nice. # 4) An on-screen countdown timer would be nice.
# 5) Implement "vulnerable" mode of play. # 5) Implement "vulnerable" mode of play for compatibility with classic
#+ version of the game.
# 6) Improve save-to-file capability (and maybe make it optional). # 6) Improve save-to-file capability (and maybe make it optional).
# 7) Fix bugs!!! # 7) Fix bugs!!!
# Reference for more info: # For more info, reference:
# http://bash.webofcrafts.net/qky.README.html # http://bash.deta.in/qky.README.html

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/ramdisk.sh
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
# A "ramdisk" is a segment of system RAM memory # A "ramdisk" is a segment of system RAM memory
#+ which acts as if it were a filesystem. #+ which acts as if it were a filesystem.
# Its advantage is very fast access (read/write time). # Its advantage is very fast access (read/write time).
# Disadvantages: volatility, loss of data on reboot or powerdown. # Disadvantages: volatility, loss of data on reboot or powerdown,
#+ less RAM available to system. #+ less RAM available to system.
# #
# Of what use is a ramdisk? # Of what use is a ramdisk?
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
E_NON_ROOT_USER=70 # Must run as root. E_NON_ROOT_USER=70 # Must run as root.
ROOTUSER_NAME=root ROOTUSER_NAME=root
MOUNTPT=/mnt/ramdisk MOUNTPT=/mnt/ramdisk # Create with mkdir /mnt/ramdisk.
SIZE=2000 # 2K blocks (change as appropriate) SIZE=2000 # 2K blocks (change as appropriate)
BLOCKSIZE=1024 # 1K (1024 byte) block size BLOCKSIZE=1024 # 1K (1024 byte) block size
DEVICE=/dev/ram0 # First ram device DEVICE=/dev/ram0 # First ram device

3
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/rand-string.sh
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@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ POS=2 # Starting from position 2 in the string.
LEN=8 # Extract eight characters. LEN=8 # Extract eight characters.
str1=$( echo "$str0" | md5sum | md5sum ) str1=$( echo "$str0" | md5sum | md5sum )
# Doubly scramble: ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ # Doubly scramble ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^
#+ by piping and repiping to md5sum.
randstring="${str1:$POS:$LEN}" randstring="${str1:$POS:$LEN}"
# Can parameterize ^^^^ ^^^^ # Can parameterize ^^^^ ^^^^

8
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/random-test.sh
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ RANDOM=$$ # Reseed the random number generator using script process ID.
PIPS=6 # A die has 6 pips. PIPS=6 # A die has 6 pips.
MAXTHROWS=600 # Increase this if you have nothing better to do with your time. MAXTHROWS=600 # Increase this if you have nothing better to do with your time.
throw=0 # Throw count. throw=0 # Number of times the dice have been cast.
ones=0 # Must initialize counts to zero, ones=0 # Must initialize counts to zero,
twos=0 #+ since an uninitialized variable is null, not zero. twos=0 #+ since an uninitialized variable is null, not zero.
@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ update_count()
{ {
case "$1" in case "$1" in
0) let "ones += 1";; # Since die has no "zero", this corresponds to 1. 0) let "ones += 1";; # Since die has no "zero", this corresponds to 1.
1) let "twos += 1";; # And this to 2, etc. 1) let "twos += 1";; # And this to 2.
2) let "threes += 1";; 2) let "threes += 1";; # Etc.
3) let "fours += 1";; 3) let "fours += 1";;
4) let "fives += 1";; 4) let "fives += 1";;
5) let "sixes += 1";; 5) let "sixes += 1";;
@ -65,4 +65,4 @@ exit 0
# Exercise (easy): # Exercise (easy):
# --------------- # ---------------
# Rewrite this script to flip a coin 1000 times. # Rewrite this script to flip a coin 1000 times.
# Choices are "HEADS" and "TAILS". # Choices are "HEADS" and "TAILS."

9
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/rot13.sh
View File

@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
# rot13.sh: Classic rot13 algorithm, # rot13.sh: Classic rot13 algorithm,
# encryption that might fool a 3-year old. # encryption that might fool a 3-year old
# for about 10 minutes.
# Usage: ./rot13.sh filename # Usage: ./rot13.sh filename
# or ./rot13.sh &lt;filename # or ./rot13.sh &lt;filename
# or ./rot13.sh and supply keyboard input (stdin) # or ./rot13.sh and supply keyboard input (stdin)
cat "$@" | tr 'a-zA-Z' 'n-za-mN-ZA-M' # "a" goes to "n", "b" to "o", etc. cat "$@" | tr 'a-zA-Z' 'n-za-mN-ZA-M' # "a" goes to "n", "b" to "o" ...
# The 'cat "$@"' construction # The cat "$@" construct
#+ permits getting input either from stdin or from files. #+ permits input either from stdin or from files.
exit 0 exit 0

8
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/sam.sh
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
# sam.sh, v. 01 # sam.sh, v. .01a
# Still Another Morse (code training script) # Still Another Morse (code training script)
# With apologies to Sam (F.B.) Morse. # With profuse apologies to Sam (F.B.) Morse.
# Author: Mendel Cooper # Author: Mendel Cooper
# License: GPL3 # License: GPL3
# Reldate: 05/25/11 # Reldate: 05/25/11
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
# Get the wav files from the source tarball: # Get the wav files from the source tarball:
# http://bash.webofcrafts.net/abs-guide-latest.tar.bz2 # http://bash.deta.in/abs-guide-latest.tar.bz2
DOT='soundfiles/dot.wav' DOT='soundfiles/dot.wav'
DASH='soundfiles/dash.wav' DASH='soundfiles/dash.wav'
# Maybe move soundfiles to /usr/local/sounds? # Maybe move soundfiles to /usr/local/sounds?
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ morse[5]="dot; dot; dot; dot; dot"
morse[6]="dash; dot; dot; dot; dot" morse[6]="dash; dot; dot; dot; dot"
morse[7]="dash; dash; dot; dot; dot" morse[7]="dash; dash; dot; dot; dot"
morse[8]="dash; dash; dash; dot; dot" morse[8]="dash; dash; dash; dot; dot"
morse[8]="dash; dash; dash; dash; dot" morse[9]="dash; dash; dash; dash; dot"
# The following must be escaped or quoted. # The following must be escaped or quoted.
morse[?]="dot; dot; dash; dash; dot; dot" morse[?]="dot; dot; dash; dash; dot; dot"
morse[.]="dot; dash; dot; dash; dot; dash" morse[.]="dot; dash; dot; dash; dot; dash"

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/spam-lookup.sh
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
# Check for command-line arg. # Check for command-line arg.
ARGCOUNT=1 ARGCOUNT=1
E_WRONGARGS=65 E_WRONGARGS=85
if [ $# -ne "$ARGCOUNT" ] if [ $# -ne "$ARGCOUNT" ]
then then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` domain-name" echo "Usage: `basename $0` domain-name"

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/t-out.sh
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
# t-out.sh # t-out.sh [time-out]
# Inspired by a suggestion from "syngin seven" (thanks). # Inspired by a suggestion from "syngin seven" (thanks).
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ TIMELIMIT=4 # 4 seconds
read -t $TIMELIMIT variable <&1 read -t $TIMELIMIT variable <&1
# ^^^ # ^^^
# In this instance, "<&1" is needed for Bash 1.x and 2.x, # In this instance, "<&1" is needed for Bash 1.x and 2.x,
# but unnecessary for Bash 3.x. # but unnecessary for Bash 3+.
echo echo

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/wf2.sh
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ then
exit $E_BADARGS exit $E_BADARGS
fi fi
if [ ! -f "$1" ] # Check if file exists. if [ ! -f "$1" ] # Does file exist?
then then
echo "File \"$1\" does not exist." echo "File \"$1\" does not exist."
exit $E_NOFILE exit $E_NOFILE

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/wipedir.sh
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
E_WRONG_DIRECTORY=65 E_WRONG_DIRECTORY=85
clear # Clear the screen. clear # Clear the screen.

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/words.data
View File

@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ syzygy
orangutan orangutan
doing doing
madeupword madeupword
making gargantuan
linux
nicrosoft
nogood nogood
ziggurat ziggurat
what what

4
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/wr-ps.bash
View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ while read i
do do
echo $i echo $i
global=3D": Available outside the loop." global=3D": Available outside the loop."
# ... because it does *not* run in a subshell. # ... because it does NOT run in a subshell.
done < <( echo "random input" ) done < <( echo "random input" )
# ^ ^ # ^ ^
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ while read line
do do
outloop[$index]="$line" outloop[$index]="$line"
((index++)) ((index++))
# It does *not* run in a subshell, so ... # It does NOT run in a subshell, so ...
done < <( cat $0 ) done < <( cat $0 )
echo "OUTPUT = " echo "OUTPUT = "
echo ${outloop[*]} # ... the entire script echoes. echo ${outloop[*]} # ... the entire script echoes.

2
LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/wstrings.sh
View File

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ WORDFILE=/usr/share/dict/linux.words # Dictionary file.
# May specify a different word list file # May specify a different word list file
#+ of one-word-per-line format. #+ of one-word-per-line format.
# For example, the "yawl" word-list package, # For example, the "yawl" word-list package,
# http://bash.webofcrafts.net/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz # http://bash.deta.in/yawl-0.3.2.tar.gz
wlist=`strings "$1" | tr A-Z a-z | tr '[:space:]' Z | \ wlist=`strings "$1" | tr A-Z a-z | tr '[:space:]' Z | \