Add note about restarted Portuguiese translation

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pbldp 2011-05-09 17:36:34 +00:00
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@ -72,8 +72,11 @@ Deutsche Übersetzung Copyright © 2002-2003 Georg Käfer, weitergeführt von Pe
<para>2003-05-09: Französische Übersetzung ist verfügbar</para>
<para>2003-10-16: Italienische Übersetzung ist in Arbeit.</para>
<para>2004-03-12: Italienische Übersetzung ist verfügbar</para>
<para>2004-06-18: Griechische Übersetzung ist in Arbeit</para>
<para>2005-07-25: Türkische Übersetzung ist verfügbar</para>
<para>2008-07-30: Spanische Übersetzung ist verfügbar (aber noch nicht abgeschlossen)</para></sect3><sect3>
<para>2007-03-28: Portugiesisch-Brasilianische Übersetzung ist in Arbeit</para>
<para>2008-07-30: Spanische Übersetzung ist verfügbar (aber noch nicht abgeschlossen)</para>
<para>2011-05-09: Portugiesisch-Brasilianische Übersetzung ist wieder in Arbeit</para></sect3><sect3>
<title>Vollständiger Werdegang</title>
<para>Am Ende dieses Dokumentes finden Sie die <link linkend="revision-history">Historie der Änderungen</link>.</para></sect3></sect2><sect2>
<title>Unerledigtes</title>
@ -269,37 +272,37 @@ Itu&-ZQ82s>J%s99FJXT
<title>Link-lokaler Adress-Typ</title>
<para>Es handelt sich um spezielle Adressen, die ausschließlich auf einem Link eines Interfaces gültig sind. Wird diese Adresse als Zieladresse verwendet, so kann das Paket niemals einen Router passieren. Die Adresse wird bei der Link-Kommunikation eingesetzt, z.B.:</para><itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Ist noch jemand anderer auf diesem Link?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Ist jemand mit einer speziellen Adresse hier (z.B. Suche nach einem Router)?</para></listitem></itemizedlist><para>Die Adresse beginnt mit (wobei <emphasis>&ldquo;x&rdquo;</emphasis> für ein hexadezimales Zeichen steht, im Normalfall <emphasis>&ldquo;0</emphasis>&rdquo;)</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>fe8<emphasis>x: <- zurzeit als einziger in Benutzung</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fe9<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fea<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>feb<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>Eine Adresse mit diesem Präfix gibt es an jedem IPv6 fähigen Interface nach einer stateless automatischen Konfiguration (dies ist der Regelfall).</para></sect2><sect2>
<![CDATA[fe8x: <- zurzeit als einziger in Benutzung
fe9x:
feax:
febx:
]]></screen><para>Eine Adresse mit diesem Präfix gibt es an jedem IPv6 fähigen Interface nach einer stateless automatischen Konfiguration (dies ist der Regelfall).</para></sect2><sect2>
<title>Site-lokaler Adress-Typ</title>
<para>Diese Adressen sind vergleichbar zu den <ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1918.html">RFC 1918 / Address Allocation for Private Internets</ulink> im heutigen IPv4. Eine Neuerung und Vorteil hierbei ist, vergleichbar zum 10.0.0.0/8 im IPv4, die Nutzbarkeit von 16 bits bzw. ein Maximum von 65536 Subnetzen.</para>
<para>Ein weiterer Vorteil: Da man bei IPv6 mehr als eine Adresse an ein Interface binden kann, ist auch die Zuweisung einer site-local Adresse zusätzlich zu einer globalen Adresse möglich.</para>
<para>Die Adresse beginnt mit:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>fec<emphasis>x: <- meistens genutzt.</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fed<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fee<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fef<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[
<![CDATA[fecx: <- meistens genutzt.
fedx:
feex:
fefx:
]]></screen><para>(<emphasis>&ldquo;x&rdquo;</emphasis> ist ein hexadezimales Zeichen, normalerweise <emphasis>&ldquo;0</emphasis>&rdquo;) </para>
<para>Dieser Adresstyp ist nun abgekündigt <ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3879.html">RFC 3879 / Deprecating Site Local Addresses</ulink> und sollte nicht mehr verwendet werden. Für Tests im Labor sind solche Adressen meineserachtens aber immer noch eine gute Wahl.</para></sect2><sect2>
<title>Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Adressen</title>
<para>Weil die schon früh definierten site-local Adressen nicht eindeutig sind, kann dies zu großen Problemen führen, wenn z.B. einst unabhängige Netzwerke später zusammengeschlossen werden (Überlappung von Subnetzen). Aufgrund dessen und anderer Gründe wurde ein neuer Adresstyp definiert, genant <ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc4193.html">RFC 4193 / Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses</ulink>. </para>
<para>Die Adresse beginnt mit:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>fcx<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fdx<emphasis>x: <- zurzeit als einziger in Benutzung</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>Ein Teil des Präfix (40 Bits) werden pseudozufällig generiert. Es ist sehr unwahrscheinlich, daß zwei generierte Präfixe identisch sind.</para>
<![CDATA[fcxx:
fdxx: <- zurzeit als einziger in Benutzung
]]></screen><para>Ein Teil des Präfix (40 Bits) werden pseudozufällig generiert. Es ist sehr unwahrscheinlich, daß zwei generierte Präfixe identisch sind.</para>
<para>Ein Beispiel für einen Präfix (generiert mit Hilfe des web-basierten Werkzeugs: <ulink url="http://www.goebel-consult.de/ipv6/createLULA">Goebel Consult / createLULA</ulink>):</para><screen>
<![CDATA[fd0f:8b72:ac90::/48
]]></screen></sect2><sect2>
<title>Globaler Adress-Typ ("Aggregatable global unicast")</title>
<para>Heute gibt es ist per Definition eine globale Adress-Art (Das erste Design, ''Provider based'' genannt, wurde bereits vor einigen Jahren wieder aufgegeben <ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1884.html">RFC 1884 / IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture [obsolete]</ulink>. Einige Überbleibsel hiervon sind in älteren Linux Kernelquellen noch zu finden.</para>
<para>Die Adresse beginnt mit (x sind hexadezimale Zeichen)</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>2<emphasis>xxx</emphasis>:
<![CDATA[]]>3<emphasis>xxx</emphasis>:
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>Hinweis: Der Zusatz &ldquo;aggregatable&rdquo; im Namen wird in aktuellen Drafts abgelegt.
<![CDATA[2xxx:
3xxx:
]]></screen><para>Hinweis: Der Zusatz &ldquo;aggregatable&rdquo; im Namen wird in aktuellen Drafts abgelegt.
Es sind weitere Subarten definiert:</para><sect3>
<title>6bone Test-Adressen</title>
<para>Diese globalen Adressen waren die Ersten definierten und auch benutzen Adressen. Sie alle beginnen mit:</para><screen>
@ -332,8 +335,8 @@ Aufgrund dessen, daß IPv6 nun produktiv ist, wird dieser Präfix nicht mehr lä
<title>Multicast-Addressen</title>
<para>Multicast-Adressen werden für entsprechende Dienste verwendet.</para>
<para>Sie beginnen immer mit (xx ist hierbei der Wert der Reichweite)</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>ff<emphasis>x</emphasis>y:
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>Die Adressen werden in Reichweiten und Typen unterteilt:</para><sect3>
<![CDATA[ffxy:
]]></screen><para>Die Adressen werden in Reichweiten und Typen unterteilt:</para><sect3>
<title>Multicast-Bereiche</title>
<para>Die Multicast Reichweite ist ein Parameter, mit dem die maximale Distanz angegeben werden kann, die ein Multicast Paket sich von der versendenden Einheit entfernen kann.</para>
<para>Zurzeit sind folgende Regionen (reichweiten) definiert:</para><itemizedlist>
@ -583,8 +586,8 @@ Connection closed by foreign host.
<title>openssh</title>
<para>Aktuelle openssh-Versionen sind IPv6 kompatibel. Abhängig von der Konfiguration vor der Kompilierung gibt es zwei unterschiedliche Verhaltensweisen:</para><itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>--without-ipv4-default: Der Client versucht zuerst eine IPv6-Verbindung. Misslingt dies, wird eine IPv4-Verbindung aufgebaut</para></listitem><listitem><para>--with-ipv4-default: standardmäßig wird eine IPv4-Verbindung aufgebaut. Eine IPv6-Verbindung muss, wie unten im Beispiel zu sehen ist, erzwungen werden:</para></listitem></itemizedlist><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>$ ssh -6 ::1
<![CDATA[user@::1's password: ******
<![CDATA[$ ssh -6 ::1
user@::1's password: ******
[user@ipv6host user]$
]]></screen><para>Falls ihr ssh Client-Programm die Option &ldquo;-6&rdquo; nicht kennt, dann ist das Programm nicht IPv6 fähig. Dies ist bei den meisten ssh Paketen der Version 1 der Fall.</para></sect3><sect3>
<title>ssh.com</title>
@ -1033,8 +1036,8 @@ ff00::/8 :: UA 256 0 0 sit0
]]></screen><para>Hinzufügen der (Standard-) Route zum globalen IPv6 Netz unter Verwendung der all-6to4-routers IPv4 anycast Adresse:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[# /sbin/ip -6 route add 2000::/3 via ::192.88.99.1 dev tun6to4 metric 1
]]></screen><para>Manche Versionen von &ldquo;ip&rdquo; (z.B. SuSE Linux 9.0) unterstützen keine IPv4-kompatiblen IPv6-Adressen für Gateways, in diesem Fall muss die entsprechende IPv6-Adresse benutzt werden:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]># /sbin/ip -6 route add 2000::/3 via 2002:c058:6301::1 dev tun6to4 metric 1
<![CDATA[]]></screen></sect3><sect3>
<![CDATA[# /sbin/ip -6 route add 2000::/3 via 2002:c058:6301::1 dev tun6to4 metric 1
]]></screen></sect3><sect3>
<title>Verwendung von "ifconfig" und "route" sowie einem generischen Tunnel-Device "sit0" (nicht empfehlenswert)</title>
<para>Diese Vorgehensweise wird nicht empfohlen, da bei Verwendung des allgemeinen Tunnel Device sit0 keine Filter-Spezifizierung pro Device ermöglicht wird.</para>
<para>Das allgemeine Tunnel Interface sit0 aktivieren:</para><screen>
@ -1144,8 +1147,8 @@ net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
<![CDATA[# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
]]></screen><para>Anmerkung: Verwenden Sie beim setzen eines Wertes keine Leerzeichen vor oder nach dem &ldquo;=&rdquo;. Sollten Sie mehrere Werte in einer Zeile angeben, müssen sie diese mit Anführungszeichen umgeben:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]># sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range="32768 61000"
<![CDATA[net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000
<![CDATA[# sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range="32768 61000"
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000
]]></screen></sect3><sect3>
<title>Sonstiges</title>
<para>Anmerkung: Es gibt sysctl-Versionen im Umlauf, die anstelle des Punktes &ldquo;.&rdquo; einen slash &ldquo;/&rdquo; ausgeben.</para>
@ -2461,13 +2464,13 @@ tcp 0 0 2001:0db8:100::2:80 :::* LISTEN 12345/httpd2
]]></screen><para>Das Ergebnis auf Clientseite ist (unter der Annahme, dass ppp0 die lokale IPv4 Adresse 1.2.3.4 hat):</para><screen>
<![CDATA[# /sbin/ip -6 addr show eth0
3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 100
]]> inet6 2002:0102:0304:f101:2e0:12ff:fe34:1234/64 scope global dynamic
<![CDATA[ valid_lft 22sec preferred_lft 12sec
inet6 2002:0102:0304:f101:2e0:12ff:fe34:1234/64 scope global dynamic
valid_lft 22sec preferred_lft 12sec
inet6 fe80::2e0:12ff:fe34:1234/10 scope link
]]></screen><para>Da eine kurze Lebensdauer definiert wurde, wird das Präfix bald verworfen werden, sollte kein entsprechendes Advertisement empfangen werden.</para>
<para>Achtung: wenn keine spezielle 6to4-Unterstützung der initscripts benutzt wird, ist eine spezielle Route am internen Interface des Routers notwendig, sonst gibt es Probleme bei eingehenden Paketen. Für das gezeigte Beispiel lautet diese:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]># /sbin/ip -6 route add 2002:0102:0304:f101::/64 dev eth0 metric 1
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>Diese Route muß jedesmal, wenn der Prefix wechselt, ersetzt werden. Die ist dann der Fall, wenn das Dial-Up-Interface eine neue IPv4-Adresse bekommen hat.</para></sect3></sect2><sect2>
<![CDATA[# /sbin/ip -6 route add 2002:0102:0304:f101::/64 dev eth0 metric 1
]]></screen><para>Diese Route muß jedesmal, wenn der Prefix wechselt, ersetzt werden. Die ist dann der Fall, wenn das Dial-Up-Interface eine neue IPv4-Adresse bekommen hat.</para></sect3></sect2><sect2>
<title>Fehlersuche</title>
<para>Mit dem Programm &ldquo;radvdump&rdquo; können Sie gesendete und empfangene Advertisements detailliert betrachten. Die Anwendung ist einfach:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[# radvdump
@ -3014,68 +3017,68 @@ Presseaussendung: <ulink url="http://www.he.net/releases/release6.html">Hurrican
<colspec colname="col5" align="center">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Schwerpunkt</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Request e-mail Adresse</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Abonnieren</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>e-mail Adresse der Mailingliste</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Sprache</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Zugang via WWW</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Schwerpunkt</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Request e-mail Adresse</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Abonnieren</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">e-mail Adresse der Mailingliste</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Sprache</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Zugang via WWW</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Linux Kernel Networking inkl. IPv6</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>majordomo (at) vger.kernel.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>netdev</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>netdev (at) vger.kernel.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Englisch</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#netdev">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.spinics.net/lists/netdev/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Linux Kernel Networking inkl. IPv6</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">majordomo (at) vger.kernel.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">netdev</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">netdev (at) vger.kernel.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Englisch</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#netdev">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.spinics.net/lists/netdev/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Mobile IP(v6) für Linux</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Web-based, see URL</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>mipl</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>mipl (at) mobile-ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Englisch</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/pipermail/mipl/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Mobile IP(v6) für Linux</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Web-based, see URL</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">mipl</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">mipl (at) mobile-ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Englisch</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/pipermail/mipl/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Linux IPv6 User &amp; USAGI</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>usagi-users-ctl (at) linux-ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>usagi-users (at) linux-ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Englisch</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://www.linux-ipv6.org/ml/index.html#usagi-users">Info / Search</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.linux-ipv6.org/ml/usagi-users/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Linux IPv6 User &amp; USAGI</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">usagi-users-ctl (at) linux-ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">usagi-users (at) linux-ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Englisch</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://www.linux-ipv6.org/ml/index.html#usagi-users">Info / Search</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.linux-ipv6.org/ml/usagi-users/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>IPv6 und Debian Linux</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Web-based, siehe URL</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>debian-ipv6 (at) lists.debian.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Englisch</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://lists.debian.org/debian-ipv6/">Info/Subscription/Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">IPv6 und Debian Linux</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Web-based, siehe URL</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">debian-ipv6 (at) lists.debian.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Englisch</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://lists.debian.org/debian-ipv6/">Info/Subscription/Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>6bone</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>majordomo (at) isi.edu</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>6bone</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>6bone (at) isi.edu</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Englisch</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://www.6bone.net/6bone_email.html">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/6bone/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">6bone</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">majordomo (at) isi.edu</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">6bone</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">6bone (at) isi.edu</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Englisch</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://www.6bone.net/6bone_email.html">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/6bone/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>IPv6 User allgemein</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>majordomo (at) ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>users</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>users (at) ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Englisch</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://www.ipv6.org/mailing-lists.html">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.mail-archive.com/users@ipv6.org/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">IPv6 User allgemein</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">majordomo (at) ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">users</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">users (at) ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Englisch</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://www.ipv6.org/mailing-lists.html">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.mail-archive.com/users@ipv6.org/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Bugtracking Internet Programme (1)</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>bugtraq-subscribe (at) securityfocus.com</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>bugtraq (at) securityfocus.com (3)</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Englisch</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://online.securityfocus.com/popups/forums/bugtraq/intro.shtml">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://online.securityfocus.com/archive/1">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Bugtracking Internet Programme (1)</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">bugtraq-subscribe (at) securityfocus.com</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">bugtraq (at) securityfocus.com (3)</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Englisch</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://online.securityfocus.com/popups/forums/bugtraq/intro.shtml">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://online.securityfocus.com/archive/1">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup></informaltable>

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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
<listitem><para>1993: I got in contact with the Internet using console based e-mail and news client (e.g. look for &ldquo;e91abier&rdquo; on <ulink url="http://groups.google.com/">groups.google.com</ulink>, that's me).</para></listitem><listitem><para>1996: I got a request for designing a course on IPv6, including a workshop with the Linux operating system.</para></listitem><listitem><para>1997: Started writing a guide on how to install, configure and use IPv6 on Linux systems, called <ulink url="http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/">IPv6 & Linux - HowTo</ulink> (see <ulink url="http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/IPv6-HOWTO/IPv6-HOWTO-0.html#history">IPv6 & Linux - HowTo/History</ulink> for more information).</para></listitem><listitem><para>2001: Started writing this new Linux IPv6 HOWTO. </para></listitem></itemizedlist></sect3><sect3>
<title>Contact</title>
<para>The author can be contacted via e-mail at &lt;pb at bieringer dot de&gt; and also via his <ulink url="http://www.bieringer.de/pb/">homepage</ulink>.</para>
<para>He's currently living in Munich [northern part of Schwabing] / Bavaria / Germany (south) / Europe (middle) / Earth (surface/mainland).</para></sect3></sect2></sect1><sect1 id='general-category' >
<para>He's currently living in Munich / Bavaria / Germany / Europe / Earth.</para></sect3></sect2></sect1><sect1 id='general-category' >
<title><!-- anchor id="general-category" -->Category</title>
<para>This HOWTO should be listed in category &ldquo;<emphasis>Networking</emphasis>/<emphasis>Protocols</emphasis>&rdquo;.</para></sect1><sect1>
<title>Version, History and To-Do</title>
@ -70,8 +70,9 @@
<para>2004-03-12: Italian translation is available</para>
<para>2004-06-18: Greek translation is in progress</para>
<para>2005-07-25: Turkish translation is availble</para>
<para>2007-03-28: Portuguese-Brazil is in progress</para>
<para>2008-07-30: Spanish translation is available (but still in progress)</para></sect3><sect3>
<para>2007-03-28: Portuguese-Brazil translation is in progress</para>
<para>2008-07-30: Spanish translation is available (but still in progress)</para>
<para>2011-05-09: Portuguese-Brazil translation is again in progress</para></sect3><sect3>
<title>Full history</title>
<para>See <link linkend="revision-history">revision history</link> at the end of this document.</para></sect3></sect2><sect2>
<title>To-Do</title>
@ -101,7 +102,7 @@
<title>Turkish</title>
<para>On 2005-07-18 Necdet Yucel &lt;nyucel at comu dot edu dot tr&gt; send me a note that a Turkish translation is available. It's a snapshot translation (currently of 0.61) and can be found at <ulink url="http://docs.comu.edu.tr/howto/ipv6-howto.html">http://docs.comu.edu.tr/howto/ipv6-howto.html</ulink>.</para></sect3><sect3>
<title>Portuguese-Brazil</title>
<para>On 2007-03-28 Claudemir da Luz &lt;claudemir dot daluz at virtuallink dot com dot br&gt; send me a note that he planned to translate the HowTo in Portuguese-Brazil.</para></sect3></sect2></sect1><sect1>
<para>On 2011-05-06 Gustavo Mendes de Carvalho &lt;gmcarvalho at gmail dot com&gt; start to translate the HowTo in Portuguese-Brazil. The first try in 2007 by Claudemir da Luz &lt;claudemir dot daluz at virtuallink dot com dot br&gt; was never finished.</para></sect3></sect2></sect1><sect1>
<title>Technical</title>
<sect2 id='general-original-source' >
<title><!-- anchor id="general-original-source" -->Original source of this HOWTO</title>
@ -278,37 +279,37 @@
<title>Link local address type</title>
<para>These are special addresses which will only be valid on a link of an interface. Using this address as destination the packet would never pass through a router. It's used for link communications such as:</para><itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>anyone else here on this link?</para></listitem><listitem><para>anyone here with a special address (e.g. looking for a router)?</para></listitem></itemizedlist><para>They begin with ( where <emphasis>&ldquo;x&rdquo;</emphasis> is any hex character, normally <emphasis>&ldquo;0</emphasis>&rdquo;)</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>fe8<emphasis>x: <- currently the only one in use</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fe9<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fea<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>feb<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>An address with this prefix is found on each IPv6-enabled interface after stateless auto-configuration (which is normally always the case).</para></sect2><sect2>
<![CDATA[fe8x: <- currently the only one in use
fe9x:
feax:
febx:
]]></screen><para>An address with this prefix is found on each IPv6-enabled interface after stateless auto-configuration (which is normally always the case).</para></sect2><sect2>
<title>Site local address type</title>
<para>These are addresses similar to the <ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1918.html">RFC 1918 / Address Allocation for Private Internets</ulink> in IPv4 today, with the added advantage that everyone who use this address type has the capability to use the given 16 bits for a maximum number of 65536 subnets. Comparable with the 10.0.0.0/8 in IPv4 today.</para>
<para>Another advantage: because it's possible to assign more than one address to an interface with IPv6, you can also assign such a site local address in addition to a global one.</para>
<para>It begins with: </para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>fec<emphasis>x: <- most commonly used</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fed<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fee<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fef<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[
<![CDATA[fecx: <- most commonly used
fedx:
feex:
fefx:
]]></screen><para>(where<emphasis> &ldquo;x&rdquo;</emphasis> is any hex character, normally <emphasis>&ldquo;0</emphasis>&rdquo;) </para>
<para>This address type is now deprecated <ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3879.html">RFC 3879 / Deprecating Site Local Addresses</ulink>, but for a test in a lab, such addresses are still a good choice in my humble opinion.</para></sect2><sect2>
<title>Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses</title>
<para>Because the original defined site local addresses are not unique, this can lead to major problems, if two former independend networks would be connected later (overlapping of subnets). This and other issues lead to a new address type named <ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc4193.html">RFC 4193 / Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses</ulink>. </para>
<para>It begins with: </para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>fcx<emphasis>x:</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]>fdx<emphasis>x: <- currently the only one in use</emphasis>
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>A part of the prefix (40 bits) are generated using a pseudo-random algorithm and it's improbable, that two generated ones are equal.</para>
<![CDATA[fcxx:
fdxx: <- currently the only one in use
]]></screen><para>A part of the prefix (40 bits) are generated using a pseudo-random algorithm and it's improbable, that two generated ones are equal.</para>
<para>Example for a prefix (generated using a web-based tool: <ulink url="http://www.goebel-consult.de/ipv6/createLULA">Goebel Consult / createLULA</ulink>):</para><screen>
<![CDATA[fd0f:8b72:ac90::/48
]]></screen></sect2><sect2>
<title>Global address type "(Aggregatable) global unicast"</title>
<para>Today, there is one global address type defined (the first design, called "provider based," was thrown away some years ago <ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1884.html">RFC 1884 / IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture [obsolete]</ulink>, you will find some remains in older Linux kernel sources).</para>
<para>It begins with (<emphasis>x</emphasis> are hex characters)</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>2<emphasis>xxx</emphasis>:
<![CDATA[]]>3<emphasis>xxx</emphasis>:
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>Note: the prefix &ldquo;aggregatable&rdquo; is thrown away in current drafts.
<![CDATA[2xxx:
3xxx:
]]></screen><para>Note: the prefix &ldquo;aggregatable&rdquo; is thrown away in current drafts.
There are some further subtypes defined, see below:</para><sect3>
<title>6bone test addresses</title>
<para>These were the first global addresses which were defined and in use. They all start with </para><screen>
@ -341,8 +342,8 @@ Because IPv6 is now in production, this prefix is no longer be delegated and is
<title>Multicast addresses</title>
<para>Multicast addresses are used for related services. </para>
<para>They alway start with (<emphasis>xx</emphasis> is the scope value)</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>ff<emphasis>x</emphasis>y:
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>They are split into scopes and types:</para><sect3>
<![CDATA[ffxy:
]]></screen><para>They are split into scopes and types:</para><sect3>
<title>Multicast scopes</title>
<para>Multicast scope is a parameter to specify the maximum distance a multicast packet can travel from the sending entity.</para>
<para>Currently, the following regions (scopes) are defined:</para><itemizedlist>
@ -591,8 +592,8 @@ Connection closed by foreign host.
<title>openssh</title>
<para>Current versions of openssh are IPv6-ready. Depending on configuring before compiling it has two behavior.</para><itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>--without-ipv4-default: the client tries an IPv6 connect first automatically and fall back to IPv4 if not working</para></listitem><listitem><para>--with-ipv4-default: default connection is IPv4, IPv6 connection must be force like following example shows</para></listitem></itemizedlist><screen>
<![CDATA[]]>$ ssh -6 ::1
<![CDATA[user@::1's password: ******
<![CDATA[$ ssh -6 ::1
user@::1's password: ******
[user@ipv6host user]$
]]></screen><para>If your ssh client doesn't understand the option &ldquo;-6&rdquo; then it's not IPv6-enabled, like most ssh version 1 packages.</para></sect3><sect3>
<title>ssh.com</title>
@ -1038,8 +1039,8 @@ ff00::/8 :: UA 256 0 0 sit0
]]></screen><para>Add (default) route to the global IPv6 network using the all-6to4-routers IPv4 anycast address</para><screen>
<![CDATA[# /sbin/ip -6 route add 2000::/3 via ::192.88.99.1 dev tun6to4 metric 1
]]></screen><para>It was reported that some versions of &ldquo;ip&rdquo; (e.g. SuSE Linux 9.0) don't support IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses for gateways, in this case the related IPv6 address has to be used:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]># /sbin/ip -6 route add 2000::/3 via 2002:c058:6301::1 dev tun6to4 metric 1
<![CDATA[]]></screen></sect3><sect3>
<![CDATA[# /sbin/ip -6 route add 2000::/3 via 2002:c058:6301::1 dev tun6to4 metric 1
]]></screen></sect3><sect3>
<title>Using "ifconfig" and "route" and generic tunnel device &ldquo;sit0&rdquo; (deprecated)</title>
<para>This is now deprecated because using the generic tunnel device sit0 doesn't let specify filtering per device.</para>
<para>Bring generic tunnel interface sit0 up</para><screen>
@ -1155,8 +1156,8 @@ net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
<![CDATA[# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
]]></screen><para>Note: Don't use spaces around the &ldquo;=&rdquo; on setting values. Also on multiple values per line, quote them like e.g.</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]># sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range="32768 61000"
<![CDATA[net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000
<![CDATA[# sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range="32768 61000"
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000
]]></screen></sect3><sect3>
<title>Additionals</title>
<para>Note: There are sysctl versions in the wild which displaying &ldquo;/&rdquo; instead of the &ldquo;.&rdquo;</para>
@ -2472,13 +2473,13 @@ tcp 0 0 2001:0db8:100::2:80 :::* LISTEN 12345/httpd2
]]></screen><para>This results on client side in (assuming, ppp0 has currently 1.2.3.4 as local IPv4 address):</para><screen>
<![CDATA[# /sbin/ip -6 addr show eth0
3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 100
]]> inet6 2002:0102:0304:f101:2e0:12ff:fe34:1234/64 scope global dynamic
<![CDATA[ valid_lft 22sec preferred_lft 12sec
inet6 2002:0102:0304:f101:2e0:12ff:fe34:1234/64 scope global dynamic
valid_lft 22sec preferred_lft 12sec
inet6 fe80::2e0:12ff:fe34:1234/10 scope link
]]></screen><para>Because a small lifetime was defined, such prefix will be thrown away quickly, if no related advertisement was received.</para>
<para>Additional note: if you do not used special 6to4 support in initscripts, you have to setup a special route on the internal interface on the router, otherwise you will get some backrouting problems. for the example showh here:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[]]># /sbin/ip -6 route add 2002:0102:0304:f101::/64 dev eth0 metric 1
<![CDATA[]]></screen><para>This route needs to be replaced every time the prefix changes, which is the case after a new IPv4 address was assigned to the dial-up interface.</para></sect3></sect2><sect2>
<![CDATA[# /sbin/ip -6 route add 2002:0102:0304:f101::/64 dev eth0 metric 1
]]></screen><para>This route needs to be replaced every time the prefix changes, which is the case after a new IPv4 address was assigned to the dial-up interface.</para></sect3></sect2><sect2>
<title>Debugging</title>
<para>A program called &ldquo;radvdump&rdquo; can help you looking into sent or received advertisements. Simple to use:</para><screen>
<![CDATA[# radvdump
@ -4874,68 +4875,68 @@ Press Release: <ulink url="http://www.he.net/releases/release6.html">Hurricane E
<colspec colname="col5" align="center">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Focus</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Request e-mail address</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>What to subscribe</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Maillist e-mail address</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Language</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Access through WWW</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Focus</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Request e-mail address</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">What to subscribe</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Maillist e-mail address</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Language</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Access through WWW</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Linux kernel networking including IPv6</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>majordomo (at) vger.kernel.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>netdev</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>netdev (at) vger.kernel.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>English</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#netdev">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.spinics.net/lists/netdev/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Linux kernel networking including IPv6</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">majordomo (at) vger.kernel.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">netdev</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">netdev (at) vger.kernel.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">English</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#netdev">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.spinics.net/lists/netdev/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Mobile IP(v6) for Linux</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Web-based, see URL</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>mipl</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>mipl (at) mobile-ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>English</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/pipermail/mipl/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Mobile IP(v6) for Linux</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Web-based, see URL</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">mipl</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">mipl (at) mobile-ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">English</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.mobile-ipv6.org/pipermail/mipl/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Linux IPv6 users using USAGI extension</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>usagi-users-ctl (at) linux-ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>usagi-users (at) linux-ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>English</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://www.linux-ipv6.org/ml/index.html#usagi-users">Info / Search</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.linux-ipv6.org/ml/usagi-users/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Linux IPv6 users using USAGI extension</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">usagi-users-ctl (at) linux-ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">usagi-users (at) linux-ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">English</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://www.linux-ipv6.org/ml/index.html#usagi-users">Info / Search</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.linux-ipv6.org/ml/usagi-users/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>IPv6 on Debian Linux</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>debian-ipv6 (at) lists.debian.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>English</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://lists.debian.org/debian-ipv6/">Info/Subscription/Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">IPv6 on Debian Linux</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">debian-ipv6 (at) lists.debian.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">English</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://lists.debian.org/debian-ipv6/">Info/Subscription/Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>6bone</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>majordomo (at) isi.edu</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>6bone</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>6bone (at) isi.edu</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>English</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://www.6bone.net/6bone_email.html">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/6bone/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">6bone</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">majordomo (at) isi.edu</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">6bone</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">6bone (at) isi.edu</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">English</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://www.6bone.net/6bone_email.html">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/6bone/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>IPv6 users in general</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>majordomo (at) ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>users</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>users (at) ipv6.org</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>English</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://www.ipv6.org/mailing-lists.html">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.mail-archive.com/users@ipv6.org/">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">IPv6 users in general</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">majordomo (at) ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">users</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">users (at) ipv6.org</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">English</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://www.ipv6.org/mailing-lists.html">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://www.mail-archive.com/users@ipv6.org/">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>Bugtracking of Internet applications (1)</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>bugtraq-subscribe (at) securityfocus.com</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>bugtraq (at) securityfocus.com (2)</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy>English</dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><dummy><ulink url="http://online.securityfocus.com/popups/forums/bugtraq/intro.shtml">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://online.securityfocus.com/archive/1">Archive</ulink></dummy></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">Bugtracking of Internet applications (1)</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">bugtraq-subscribe (at) securityfocus.com</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">bugtraq (at) securityfocus.com (2)</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top">English</entry>
<entry align="center" valign="top"><ulink url="http://online.securityfocus.com/popups/forums/bugtraq/intro.shtml">Info</ulink>, <ulink url="http://online.securityfocus.com/archive/1">Archive</ulink></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup></informaltable>