mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
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@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ maximum distance at which they can be used.
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<varlistentry><term>Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)</term>
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<varlistentry><term>Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)</term>
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<listitem><para>
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<listitem><para>
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<para>
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<para>
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UTP is the most common type of network cable in use today. UTP consits of
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UTP is the most common type of network cable in use today. UTP consits of
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one or more pairs of insulated copper wires. The wires are twisted together
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one or more pairs of insulated copper wires. The wires are twisted together
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@ -47,16 +48,17 @@ the bandwidth they support are summarized below.
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<para>
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<para>
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<screen>
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<screen>
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Category Maximum Data and Transfer Rate Description
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Category Maximum Data and Transfer Rate Description
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3 10 Mbps Least expensive network cable, commonly used
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3 10 Mbps Least expensive network cable
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4 16 Mbps Medium quality; rarely used
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4 16 Mbps Medium quality; rarely used
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5 100 Mbps Highest quality
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5 100 Mbps Highest quality; highly prevelant
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> Start Binh
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> Start Binh
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5 1000Mbps Highest Quality
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5 1000Mbps Highest Quality
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> End Binh
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> End Binh
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</screen>
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</screen>
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</para>
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</para>
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)</term>
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<varlistentry><term>Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)</term>
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<listitem><para>
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<listitem><para>
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<para>
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<para>
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@ -74,6 +76,8 @@ bandwidth, potentially as high as 500 Mbps.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>Coaxial</term>
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<varlistentry><term>Coaxial</term>
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<listitem><para>
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<listitem><para>
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@ -111,7 +115,9 @@ RG-62 93 ohms ARCnet
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</screen>
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</screen>
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</para>
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</para>
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Fiber Optic</term>
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>Fiber Optic</term>
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<listitem><para>
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<listitem><para>
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<para>
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<para>
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A fiber optic cable consists of a thin glass or clear plastic fiber encased
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A fiber optic cable consists of a thin glass or clear plastic fiber encased
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@ -125,8 +131,11 @@ cable is much more expensive than multimode cable. The advantages of fiber are
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high bandwidth (up to 2 Gbps (gigabits per second) and extremely low attenuation.
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high bandwidth (up to 2 Gbps (gigabits per second) and extremely low attenuation.
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Fiber cable can reach distances ranging from severak miles for multimode cable
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Fiber cable can reach distances ranging from severak miles for multimode cable
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to hundreds of miles for single-mode cable.
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to hundreds of miles for single-mode cable.
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</para>
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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Infrared</term>
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<varlistentry><term>Infrared</term>
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<listitem><para>
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<para>
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<para>
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Wireless infrared networking systems are modulated beams of infrared light to
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Wireless infrared networking systems are modulated beams of infrared light to
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@ -137,19 +146,26 @@ vulnerable to obstructions (such as weather conditions) and bright light, and
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suseceptible to eavesdropping. There are two types of infrared networks:
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suseceptible to eavesdropping. There are two types of infrared networks:
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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- Point-to-point networks use a focused beam, usually generated by a laser.
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- Point-to-point networks use a focused beam, usually generated by a laser.
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They are less vulnerable to dispersion and can theorectically be used for long
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They are less vulnerable to dispersion and can theorectically be used for long
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distance networking, although the need for precise alignment between receiever
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distance networking, although the need for precise alignment between receiever
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and transmitter and the vulneraibility to obstructions often makes it
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and transmitter and the vulneraibility to obstructions often makes it
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impractical. Bandwidth can be as high as 16 Mbps.
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impractical. Bandwidth can be as high as 16 Mbps.
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</para>
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<para>
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- Broadcast networks use a less focused beam that disperses rapidly. These
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- Broadcast networks use a less focused beam that disperses rapidly. These
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systems can transmit to multiple workstations ar once, but are much more
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systems can transmit to multiple workstations ar once, but are much more
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vulnerable to dispersion, limiting their useful distance and bandwidth.
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vulnerable to dispersion, limiting their useful distance and bandwidth.
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Bandwidth is usually no more than 1 Mbps.
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Bandwidth is usually no more than 1 Mbps.
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</para>
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Radio
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>Radio</term>
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<listitem><para>
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<para>
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<para>
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The most common type of wireless networks use radio waves. Tdaio-based networks
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The most common type of wireless networks use radio waves. Tdaio-based networks
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have a reasonably high bandwidth, but are very sensitve to EMI and eavesdropping.
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have a reasonably high bandwidth, but are very sensitve to EMI and eavesdropping.
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@ -157,20 +173,25 @@ Also, many radio frequencies are regulated by the FCC and are unavailable for us
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without a license. There are three types of radio links:
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without a license. There are three types of radio links:
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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- Low power single frequency
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- Low power single frequency
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This type of system is best suited for small ares, such as within a building. It
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This type of system is best suited for small ares, such as within a building. It
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uses a lower-power transmitter on a single radio frequency. The available range is
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uses a lower-power transmitter on a single radio frequency. The available range is
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approximately 30 meters. This is the lowest-cost method of radio networking.
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approximately 30 meters. This is the lowest-cost method of radio networking.
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Bandwidth may be as high as 10 Mbps.
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Bandwidth may be as high as 10 Mbps.
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</para>
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<para>
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- High power single frequency
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- High power single frequency
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This system is also uses a single frequency, but at a higher power. This allows
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This system is also uses a single frequency, but at a higher power. This allows
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for a much greater range, often covering an entire metropolitan area. Bandwidth is
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for a much greater range, often covering an entire metropolitan area. Bandwidth is
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typically 10 Mbps. The greater range makes this type of network the most vulnerable
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typically 10 Mbps. The greater range makes this type of network the most vulnerable
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to eavesdropping.
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to eavesdropping.
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</para>
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<para>
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- Spread-spectrum
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- Spread-spectrum
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These systems use multiple frequencies, primarily to avoid eavesdropping. This
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These systems use multiple frequencies, primarily to avoid eavesdropping. This
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@ -179,8 +200,12 @@ several different frequencies, while frequency hopping transmission change
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frequencies at scheduled intervals known to both ends. Both of these are
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frequencies at scheduled intervals known to both ends. Both of these are
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significantly less vulnerable less vulnerable to EMI and snooping than other
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significantly less vulnerable less vulnerable to EMI and snooping than other
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radio networks.
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radio networks.
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</para>
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Microwave
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>Microwave</term>
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<listitem><para>
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<para>
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<para>
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Another type of wireless network communications uses microwaves, which are
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Another type of wireless network communications uses microwaves, which are
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@ -189,19 +214,23 @@ vulnerable to interference and snooping, and can provide greater bandwidth.
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Two common types of microwave networks are in use:
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Two common types of microwave networks are in use:
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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- Terrestial
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- Terrestial
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This method provides for line-of-sight communication, usually across a short
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This method provides for line-of-sight communication, usually across a short
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distance. Bandwidth can be as high as 10 Mbps. Microwaves are still vulnerable
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distance. Bandwidth can be as high as 10 Mbps. Microwaves are still vulnerable
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to interference and eavesropping, although not as much as conventional radio
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to interference and eavesropping, although not as much as conventional radio
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waves.
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waves.
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</para>
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<para>
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- Satellite
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- Satellite
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This method relays microwave transmissions via a satellite, allowing for a
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This method relays microwave transmissions via a satellite, allowing for a
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nearly global range. The bandwidth can be as high as 10 Mbps, but the satellite
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nearly global range. The bandwidth can be as high as 10 Mbps, but the satellite
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relays cause delays that may impair real-time communication. These systems are
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relays cause delays that may impair real-time communication. These systems are
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more expensive than wireless communication.
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more expensive than wireless communication.
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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Please note that any information after this point in this section is largely
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Please note that any information after this point in this section is largely
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@ -210,7 +239,12 @@ being economically more viable and also technologically superior) by
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those that have been outlined above.
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those that have been outlined above.
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</para>
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</para>
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<!--
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- Serial NULL Modem cable
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- Serial NULL Modem cable
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- Parallel port cable (PLIP cable)
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- Parallel port cable (PLIP cable)
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-->
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</variablelist></para>
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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