From 5769308c5bbf7d8b6751ebf45fa43f3b4f59ae5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: gdt <> Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 00:58:03 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Correct opposing CTS/RTS explanations. Use in markup. TLDP PDF is now good, so remove instructions for rendering PostScript to PDF. Typo in GRUB configuration. --- .../docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml | 212 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 103 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-) diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml index 3aed359f..6dac96f6 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Remote Serial Console HOWTO - v2.5 2003-01-20 + v2.6 2003-03-31 @@ -29,12 +29,22 @@ + + 2.6 + 2003-03-31 + gdt + Correct opposing CTS/RTS explanations. Use + <quote> in markup. TLDP PDF is now good, so remove + instructions for rendering PostScript to PDF. Typo in GRUB + configuration. + 2.5 2003-01-20 - gdt Only one console - per technology type. Setting timezone. Use off parameter rather - than comments in inittab. Cable lengths. + gdt + Only one console per technology type. Setting + timezone. Use off parameter rather than comments in inittab. Cable + lengths. 2.4 @@ -119,8 +129,8 @@ console n. [From - latin consolatio(n) “comfort, - spiritual solace.”] A device for displaying or printing + latin consolatio(n) comfort, + spiritual solace.] A device for displaying or printing condolances or obituaries for the operator. Stan Kelly-Bootle, The Computer @@ -335,14 +345,14 @@
- Alternative meanings of ‘console’ + Alternative meanings of <quote>console</quote> - Some authors use the word ‘console’ to refer to + Some authors use the word console to refer to the keyboard and monitor that are attached to the system unit. - This is described as a ‘physical console’ by some + This is described as a physical console by some Linux documentation. The console where system messages appear is described as the - ‘logical console’ by that documentation. + logical console by that documentation. As an illustration of the difference, X Windows should start on the physical console but @@ -351,10 +361,10 @@ console. To avoid confusion this HOWTO uses the - word ‘console’ to describe the place where system + word console to describe the place where system messages are printed. This HOWTO uses the - phrase “attached monitor and keyboard” rather than the - confusing words “physical console”. + phrase attached monitor and keyboard rather than the + confusing words physical console. These distinctions are also made in the naming of devices. The device /dev/console is @@ -364,7 +374,7 @@ class="devicefile">/dev/tty0. - Different ways of referring to the ‘console’ + Different ways of referring to the <quote>console</quote> @@ -691,9 +701,9 @@ setserial /dev/ttyS2 uart none port 0x0 irq 0 ANSI/TIA/EIA-232-F-1997 Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Data Interchange. For an - explanation of ‘bits per second’, ‘start - bits’, ‘data bits’, ‘parity’, - ‘stop bits’ and ‘flow control’ refer to the + explanation of bits per second, start + bits, data bits, parity, + stop bits and flow control refer to the Serial-HOWTO and the Configure the terminal to match the serial parameters. The data bits, parity bits and stop bits must match. If a modern - ‘smart’ modem is used then the bit speeds need not + smart modem is used then the bit speeds need not match. If a dumb modem or a null modem cable is used then the bit speeds must match. @@ -1030,9 +1040,9 @@ setserial /dev/ttyS2 uart none port 0x0 irq 0 Your equipment may call CTS/RTS handshaking or DTR/DSR handshaking - ‘hardware handshaking’ and may call + hardware handshaking and may call XON/XOFF handshaking - ‘software handshaking’. + software handshaking. Set automatic line wrapping on. This allows all of a long console message to be read. @@ -1090,11 +1100,11 @@ setserial /dev/ttyS2 uart none port 0x0 irq 0 The BIOS takes the interrupt 0x10 - “video” requests used to write to the screen and + video requests used to write to the screen and sends the characters that would have appeared on the screen to the serial port. Characters recieved from the serial port are used to supply characters to BIOS interrupt - 0x16 “read key” requests. + 0x16 read key requests. Any 16-bit application which uses the BIOS functions for outputing text to the @@ -1146,8 +1156,8 @@ setserial /dev/ttyS2 uart none port 0x0 irq 0 These BIOSs use the serial port for configuration and the power-on self-test, but do not redirect the - interrupt 0x10 “video” requests interrupt 0x16 - “read key” requests to the serial port. + interrupt 0x10 video requests interrupt 0x16 + read key requests to the serial port. Some BIOSs which usually redirect all keyboard and video output to the serial port can be configured in @@ -1261,8 +1271,8 @@ setserial /dev/ttyS2 uart none port 0x0 irq 0 disk. As usual with IBM - PC/AT hardware “loads a boot loader - from the MBR of the first hard disk” is a + PC/AT hardware loads a boot loader + from the MBR of the first hard disk is a simplification. BIOS settings permitting, the MBR can be loaded from the first two detected hard disks of any controller card containing a @@ -1343,7 +1353,7 @@ setserial /dev/ttyS2 uart none port 0x0 irq 0 SYSLINUX. Equivalents to LILO exist for other processor architectures, their names are usually some play upon - ‘LILO’. + LILO. LILO is documented in the lilo(8) and @@ -1736,8 +1746,8 @@ title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21) single user mode linkend="configure-boot-loader-syslinux-flowcontrol">. The behaviours for a correctly-wired null-modem cable or a - correctly configured modem are marked “Required for full - RS-232 compliance” in the table. The sum + correctly configured modem are marked Required for full + RS-232 compliance in the table. The sum of these values is 0xab3.
@@ -1926,7 +1936,7 @@ serial 0 9600 parameter console=tty0.For computers with both a video card and a serial console in - the port marked ‘COM1:’ this + the port marked COM1: this HOWTO suggests the kernel parameters:
@@ -2118,7 +2128,7 @@ root (hd0,0) default=0 timeout=10 password --md5 $1$wwmIq64O$2vofKBDL9vZKeJyaKwIeT. -serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 -word=8 --parity=no --stop=1 +serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1 terminal --timeout=10 serial console title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21) root (hd0,0) @@ -2416,8 +2426,8 @@ CON9600# B9600 CS8 -PARENB -ISTRIP CRTSCTS HUPCL # B9600 SANE CS8 -PARENB -ISTRI
<productname>agetty</productname> - agetty is an “alternative - getty”. It takes all of its parameters on the command line, + agetty is an alternative + getty. It takes all of its parameters on the command line, with no use of /etc/gettydefs or any other configuration file. agetty is documented in the manual page @@ -3315,7 +3325,7 @@ isig icanon -iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt unauthorized people. The resurgence of the BBS-era technique of - ‘war dialling’ is described in @Stake's war dialling is described in @Stake's Wardialling Brief and reported upon by The Register, see an extract in - “Intrusion detection systems are no real deterrent for - me because I get in through the back door,” he - said. “Many networks are constructed like Baked Alaska + Intrusion detection systems are no real deterrent for + me because I get in through the back door, he + said. Many networks are constructed like Baked Alaska — crunchy on the outside and soft in the - middle.” + middle. KP often takes advantage of weak or default passwords to break into networks… @@ -3359,16 +3369,16 @@ isig icanon -iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt confidential information over the phone), against telco suppliers. - “Hackers don't like talking to people - remember we're - socially inadequate,” he joked. + Hackers don't like talking to people - remember we're + socially inadequate, he joked. In response to customer demand, security testing specialists NTA Monitor this week launched a service to test against war dialling vulnerability. - “This isn't particularly sexy,” said NTA - Monitor's technical director Roy Hills. “But we're seeing - high demand for this low-tech service.” + This isn't particularly sexy, said NTA + Monitor's technical director Roy Hills. But we're seeing + high demand for this low-tech service. The issue of war dialling and insecure modem connections was highlighted last month when BT inadvertently published the private @@ -3409,8 +3419,8 @@ John Leyden, Guessing a user's password is only slightly less severe, as a hacker can obtain root - access simply by waiting. The hacker waits for a ‘local - exploit’ for a flaw in the operating system to appear and + access simply by waiting. The hacker waits for a local + exploit for a flaw in the operating system to appear and uses that exploit before the machine is patched. Severely limit the number of users on the machine. Ensure @@ -3495,7 +3505,7 @@ John Leyden, Unfortunately, if the modem sees +++ during a call it may revert to command mode. The modem can then be configured by the caller. For example, the modem could be set to - permit incoming calls only from the number ‘0’, this + permit incoming calls only from the number 0, this would deny the system administrators access to the modem. The attention command can be removed using AT @@ -3509,7 +3519,7 @@ John Leyden, The best solution is to select a modem that has a - ‘dumb’ or “select profile” + dumb or select profile DIP switch or jumper. These switches disable command mode and load the modem's saved configuration when they start. @@ -3765,7 +3775,7 @@ endif Many telephone services or PBX lines can be set to allow only incoming calls. This is useful as it prevents misuse of the modem should the computer be compromised. A - ‘demon dialler’ can call many numbers seeking an + demon dialler can call many numbers seeking an answering modem and the cost of these calls can be significant. @@ -3776,16 +3786,16 @@ endif <acronym>BIOS</acronym> features Most BIOSs can be configured with a - ‘configuration password’. This should set and tested. + configuration password. This should set and tested. Some motherboards will require a jumper to be set to allow the password to take effect. Some BIOSs have - well-known ‘master passwords’, use a search engine to + well-known master passwords, use a search engine to ensure that your BIOS is not one of these. The password should not be the same as the boot loader or root passwords. The BIOS configuration will have a - ‘boot order’ setting. It should be set to boot from + boot order setting. It should be set to boot from the hard disk before any other media. This prevents someone inserting a rescue diskette, booting the machine, and gaining access to the filesystems as Non-interactive boot sequence Red Hat Linux has an - ‘interactive boot’ option that can be used to prevent + interactive boot option that can be used to prevent services from being started. This may not be pleasant if the purpose of the machine is web serving and the HTTP daemon is interactively prevented from @@ -3837,7 +3847,7 @@ PROMPT=no
Magic <keycap>SysRq</keycap> key - The ‘magic SysRq key’ is a key + The magic SysRq key is a key sequence that allows some basic commands to be passed directly to the kernel. Kernel software developers use this interface to debug their software. Under most circumstances it can also be used to @@ -3851,8 +3861,8 @@ PROMPT=no must be in an area with access limited to trusted people. The serial console uses the RS-232 break - function as the ‘magic SysRq key’. A - ‘break’ is a period of no transmission on the serial + function as the magic SysRq key. A + break is a period of no transmission on the serial line, on traditional terminals it is activated by pressing a key labeled Break. @@ -4378,7 +4388,7 @@ serial_echo_outb(0x0c, UART_DLL); The RS-232 standard allows for, but does not specify, the interconnection of two computers without intervening modems. A special cable is required, called a - ‘null modem’ cable. + null modem cable. The wiring within the null modem cable depends upon the handshaking and control signals that are needed. Differing @@ -4579,10 +4589,10 @@ Transmit data ---------------------- Receive data ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A unshielded twisted pair category 5 cable has a maximum capacitiance of 55pF per metre, so this popular - “UTP cat 5” cable can be safely + UTP cat 5 cable can be safely driven up to 45m. Beyond that you should check the cable - manufacturers specifications for the actual “shunt - capacitance” (a common figure is 47.5 + manufacturers specifications for the actual shunt + capacitance (a common figure is 47.5 pF/m, giving a maximum cable length of about 50m). However long runs of unshielded cable will pick up noise easily, as the RS-232 signals @@ -4853,9 +4863,9 @@ Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys Whilst the user is logged in and data is flowing, Clear to Send and Ready to Send are used between the modem and the computer - to prevent data being sent too soon. The computer lowers Clear to + to prevent data being sent too soon. The computer lowers Ready to Send when it is too busy to receive a character. The modem lowers - Ready to Send when it is too busy to receive a character. + Clear to Send when it is too busy to receive a character. When the user hangs up, Data Carrier Detect falls and the hang up signal is sent to all processes associated with the dial in @@ -5001,7 +5011,7 @@ Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys CONNECT 9600 - The modem has a ‘quiet mode’ that disables these + The modem has a quiet mode that disables these messages. The AT command is @@ -5188,7 +5198,7 @@ OK wonder if the hardware duplication of an external modem is necessary. - A ‘WinModem’ incorporates the + A WinModem incorporates the CPU and DSP of the modem into the slightly-enhanced fabric of a PC. They are called "WinModems" because they originally only shipped with @@ -5200,7 +5210,7 @@ OK versions of these drivers where available. Some manufacturers now provide Linux versions of their device drivers as well, these modems are jokingly called - ‘LinModems’. + LinModems. It is probably possible to use a LinModem as a Linux console. At the most this would @@ -5677,7 +5687,7 @@ KLOGD_OPTIONS="-2 -c 1" cat is available on every UNIX-like system. It copies the data received from the keyboard to a file. Minicom and other terminal emulators - have an ‘ASCII upload’ facility that + have an ASCII upload facility that will send a file up the serial link as though it had been typed. @@ -5924,7 +5934,7 @@ Bytes Sent: 3072/ 10000 BPS:2185 ETA 00:09 Someone can insert a floppy disk before the upgrade and remove it afterwards. Most co-location sites will provide this - level of ‘board-swap’ technical support. + level of board-swap technical support. @@ -5953,7 +5963,7 @@ Bytes Sent: 3072/ 10000 BPS:2185 ETA 00:09 Refer to your vendor's documentation to set the BIOS to use the serial port. Some vendors call - this feature ‘console redirection’. Unfortunately, the + this feature console redirection. Unfortunately, the meaning of this term varies by vendor. Some vendors use it to mean the redirection of the VGA output and keyboard to a remote PC using a proprietary serial @@ -5962,12 +5972,12 @@ Bytes Sent: 3072/ 10000 BPS:2185 ETA 00:09 BIOS can be instructed to disable the serial redirection after booting. - As an example of the confusion, Dell uses ‘console - redirection’ when describing the Dell + As an example of the confusion, Dell uses console + redirection when describing the Dell 2400 and the Dell 2450. The Dell 2450 BIOS can be configured from the serial port. The Dell - 2400's ‘console redirection’ is + 2400's console redirection is additional hardware that remotely replicates the computer's VGA monitor and keyboard. @@ -6389,21 +6399,21 @@ nameserver 172.16.1.1 The value of inet addr is the - ‘IP address’. Our example shows + IP address. Our example shows 10.1.2.3. The value of - Mask is the ‘Netmask’. Our + Mask is the Netmask. Our example shows 255.255.255.0. The value in the Gateway column for Destination - 0.0.0.0 is the ‘Default - gateway’. Our example shows + 0.0.0.0 is the Default + gateway. Our example shows 10.1.2.254. The value of the first listed - nameserver is the ‘Primary - nameserver’. Our example shows + nameserver is the Primary + nameserver. Our example shows 10.255.1.1. @@ -6980,8 +6990,8 @@ EOF servers in the past. Each modem would be connected to a terminal server port and incoming users would be permitted to send IP packets anywhere, not just to some predefined - minicomputer. Manufacturers renamed the equipment to ‘access - servers’ or ‘modem servers’ to reflect this new + minicomputer. Manufacturers renamed the equipment to access + servers or modem servers to reflect this new use. These access servers have been superseded by a new generation @@ -7004,8 +7014,8 @@ EOF third-party maintenance supplier. Many older terminal servers are no longer sold or supported - by their vendors. Search the vendor's web site for “end of - life”. + by their vendors. Search the vendor's web site for end of + life. Vendor support can be a particular issue when the most-recently available software does not fit within the @@ -7403,7 +7413,7 @@ alias char-major-10-144 nvram Be clear in the documentation about what serial servies the BIOS provides. Some BIOSs with a - ‘serial redirection’ feature don't allow the + serial redirection feature don't allow the BIOS to be redirected to a plain text terminal, but instead use a proprietary protocol. This isn't of much use to Linux serial @@ -7572,7 +7582,7 @@ alias char-major-10-144 nvram - Thomas Lunde and Gabor Kiss + Thomas Lunde, Gabor Kiss and Carlo Belon Noticed errors of grammar and typography. @@ -7651,6 +7661,14 @@ alias char-major-10-144 nvram + + Yasuhiro Suzuki + + Noticed inconsistent descrtiptions of Clear to Send and + Ready to Send. + + +
@@ -7702,28 +7720,7 @@ alias char-major-10-144 nvram generated from the DocBook source by the Linux Documentation Project. - It appears that some character entities such as quotes - (‘’ “”) and ellipses (…), appear as - ampersands (&) in the - PDF generated by the - Linux Documentation Project. In this case you may wish to download - the PostScript - file and use GhostScript - to convert the PostScript file to - PDF with the - command: - - -bash$ gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -dSAFER \ --dNOPLATFONTS -dMaxSubsetPct=100 -dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true \ --sPAPERSIZE=a4 -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.2 \ --sOutputFile=Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.pdf \ --c .setpdfwrite -f Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.ps - - - + @@ -7733,13 +7730,10 @@ mkdir cvs cd cvs export CVSROOT=:pserver:USERID@cvs.tldp.org:/cvsroot cvs -d $CVSROOT login -mkdir -p LDP/howto/docbook -cd LDP/howto/docbook -cvs get Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml +cvs get LDP/howto/docbook/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml # Update HOWTO, by copying local updated copy over CVS original copy -cd cvs/LDP/howto/docbook -export CVSROOT=:pserver:USERID@cvs.tldp.org:/cvsroot +cd LDP/howto/docbook cvs update Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml cp ~/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml cvs ci -m 'COMMENT' Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.sgml