diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/VideoLAN-HOWTO/VideoLAN-HOWTO.xml b/LDP/howto/docbook/VideoLAN-HOWTO/VideoLAN-HOWTO.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..880185b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/VideoLAN-HOWTO/VideoLAN-HOWTO.xml @@ -0,0 +1,4098 @@ + + + + + + + +VideoLAN HOWTO + + + + Alexis + de Lattre + + + Marc + Ariberti + + + Anil + Daoud + + + Clément + Stenac + + + + +v2.0, 2003-09-04 + + + 2002, 2003 + the VideoLAN project + + + + +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version +1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation ; +with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no +Back-Cover Texts. The text of the license can be found in the appendix +. + + + + + VideoLAN + Client + vlc + VLC + vls + VLS + vod + sap + stream + multicast + MPEG-1 + MPEG-2 + MPEG-4 + DVD + DVB + DivX + + + + + + This document describes how to use the complete +VideoLAN streaming solution. + + + + + + + + + + + + +Introduction + + +What is the VideoLAN project ? + + + + +Overview + + + + +VideoLAN is a complete software solution for video streaming, developed +by students of the Ecole Centrale +Paris and developers from all over the world, under the +GNU General Public +License (GPL). VideoLAN is designed to stream MPEG videos on high +bandwidth networks. + +The VideoLAN solution includes : + + + + + + + + + +VLS (VideoLAN Server), which can stream MPEG-1, MPEG-2 +and MPEG-4 files, DVDs, digital satellite channels, digital terrestial +television channels and live videos on the network in unicast or +multicast, + + + + + +VLC (initially VideoLAN Client), which can be used as +a server to stream MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 files, DVDs and live +videos on the network in unicast or multicast ; or used as a client +to receive, decode and display MPEG streams under multiple operating +systems. + + + + + + + +Here is an illustration of the complete VideoLAN solution : + + + + +
+Global VideoLAN solution +La solution VideoLAN globale + + + + + + + +
+ + +More details about the project can be found on the VideoLAN Web site. + + + + + +VideoLAN software + + + +VLC + + +VLC works on many platforms : Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, BeOS, +*BSD, Solaris, Familiar Linux, Yopy/Linupy and QNX. It can read : + + + + + + + +MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 / DivX files from a hard disk, +a CD-ROM drive, ... + + + + +DVDs and VCDs, + + + + +from a satellite card (DVB-S), + + + + +MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 streams from the +network sent by VLS or VLC's stream output. + + + + + + +VLC can also be used as a server to stream : + + + + + + +MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 / DivX files, + + + + +DVDs, + + + + +from an MPEG encoding card, + + + + + + + to : + + + + + +one machine (i.e. to one IP address) : this is called +unicast, + + + + +a dynamic group of machines that the clients can +join or leave (i.e. to a multicast IP address) : this is called +multicast, + + + + + +in IPv4 or IPv6 + . + + +To get the complete list of VLC's possibilities +on each plateform supported, see the VLC features +page. + + + + + + +VLC doesn't work on Mac OS 9, and will +probably never do. + + + + + +VLS + + + VLS can stream : + + + + + + +an MPEG-1, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 files stored on a hard drive +or on a CD, + + + + +a DVD located in a local DVD drive or copied on a hard +disk, + + + + +a satellite card (DVB-S) or a digital terrestial +television card (DVB-T) + +, + + +an MPEG encoding card + + ; + + + +to: + + + + +one machine (i.e. to one IP address) : this is called +unicast, + + + + +a dynamic group of machines that the clients can +join or leave (i.e. to a multicast IP address) : this is called +multicast, + + + + + +in IPv4 or IPv6 + . + + +A Pentium 100 MHz with 32 MB of memory should be enough to send one +stream on the network. When streaming a lot of videos stored on a +hard drive, the actual limitation is not the processor but the hard +drive and the network connection. + + + + +VLS works under Linux and Windows. To get the complete +list of VLS's possibilities on each plateform supported, see the streaming features +page. + + + + + + + +Mini-SAP-server + + +You can add a channel information service based on the SAP/SDP +standard to the VideoLAN solution. The mini-SAP-server sends announces +about the multicast programs on the network in IPv4 or IPv6, and VLCs +receive these annouces and automatically add the programs announced to +their playlist. + + + + +The mini-SAP-server works under Linux and Mac OS X. + + + + + + + + + +What is a codec ? + + + + + +To fully understand the VideoLAN solution, you must +understand the difference between a codec and a +container format + + + + + + +A codec is a compression +algorithm, used to reduce the size of a stream. There are audio codecs +and video codecs. MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, Vorbis, DivX, ... are +codecs + + + + +A container format contains +one or several streams already encoded by codecs. Very often, there +is an audio stream and a video one. AVI, Ogg, MOV, ASF, ... are +container formats. The streams contained can be encoded using different +codecs. In a perfect world, you could put any codec in any container +format. Unfortunately, there are some incompatibilities. You can +find a matrix of possible codecs and container formats on the features +page + + + + + + +To decode a stream, VLC first +demuxes it. This means that it reads the container +format and separates audio, video, and subtitles, if any. Then, each of +these are passed decoders that do the mathematical +processing to decompress the streams + +. + + + +There is a particular thing about MPEG: + + + + + + +MPEG is a codec. There are +several versions of it, called MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, ... + + + + + +MPEG is also a container format, sometimes refered +to as MPEG System. There are several types of MPEG: +ES, PS, and TS +When you play an MPEG video from a DVD, for instance, the MPEG +stream is actually composed of several streams (called Elementary +Streams, ES): there is one stream for video, one for audio, another for +subtitles, and so on. These different streams are mixed together into a +single Program Stream (PS). So, the .VOB files you can find in a DVD are +actually MPEG-PS files. But this PS format is not adapted for streaming +video through a network or by satellite, for instance. So, another +format called Transport Stream (TS) was designed for streaming MPEG +videos through such channels. + + + + + + + + + + +How can I use VideoLAN ? + + + +Documentation + + +The user documentation of VideoLAN is made up of 4 documents : + + + + + + + +the VideoLAN Quickstart. This +document will give you a quick overview of of VLC, VLC's stream output, +the Video On Demand solution and the channel information service +system. + + + + +the VideoLAN HOWTO. This +document is the complete guide of the VideoLAN streaming +solution. + + + + +the VLC user guide. This document +is the complete guide for VLC. + + + + +the VLS user guide. This document +is the complete guide for VLS. + + + + +the VideoLAN FAQ. +This document contains Frequently Asked Questions about +VideoLAN. + + + + + + + +The latest version of these documents can be found on the documentation page + +. + + + +You can also have a look at the VideoLAN Wiki. This is a website +that everyone can change. We use it to document everything that is not +in the "official" documentation: the tips and tricks for each O.S., the +graphical interfaces, etc... + + + + + + + +User support + + + + + +If you have problems using VideoLAN, and if you don't find the +answer to your problems in the documentation, please look at the online +archive of the mailing-lists. There are two English-speaking +mailing-lists for the users : + + + + + + +vlc@videolan.org + for the questions on VLC + +, + +streaming@videolan.org + for the questions on VLS, mini-SAP-server + and the network + +. + + + + + +If you want to subscribe or unsubscribe to the mailing-lists, +please go to the +mailing-list page. + + + + + +You can also talk with VideoLAN users and developers on IRC : +server irc.freenode.net, channel +#videolan + +. + + +If you find a bug, please follow the instructions on +the +bug reporting page + +. + + + + + +Command line usage + + + + + + + + +VLC has many different graphical interfaces, that +are organized quite differently in order to be in harmony with the +guidelines of each operating system supported. Documenting the use +of each graphical interface is too long, and some features are only +available via the command line interface. Therefore we decided to +document only the command line interface, but in many cases it shoud +be easy to guess how to use the graphical interface for the same use +! + + + + + +VLS has a command line and a telnet interface, but no +graphical interface ! + + + + + + + +All the commands that show up in this document should be typed +inside a terminal. +. + + +Open a terminal + + + +Windows + + +Click on Start, +Run and type : + + + + + +cmd Enter +(Windows 2000 / XP), + +command Enter +(Windows 95 / 98 / ME). + + + + +The terminal appears +Le terminal apparait + + +
Windows terminal + + + + + +
+ + +Under Windows, you need to be in the directory where the +program is installed to run it. + + + + +Linux / Unix + + +Open a terminal + + : + +
Linux X terminal + + + + + +
+ + +In the documentation, we adopt the following +conventions for the Unix commands : + + + + + + +commands that should be typed as +root have a # prompt : + + + + +# command_to_be_typed_as_root + + + + + +commands that should be typed as a regular user have a +% prompt : + + + + +% command_to_be_typed_as_regular_user + + + + + + + + +Mac OS X + + + +Go to Applications, open the +folder Utilities and double-click on +Terminal + + : + +
Mac OS X terminal + + + + + +
+ + +Under Mac OS X, you need to be in the directory where +the program is installed to run it, and start the command with +./ + +. + + + +BeOS + + +In the deskbar, go to Application and then +Terminal : + + +
BeOS terminal + + + + + +
+ + +Under BeOS, you need to be in the directory where +the program is installed to run it, and start the command with +./ + +. + + + + + + + + +Install the required software and hardware + + + + +Install VLC + + + + + + + +There are VLC binaries available for the many OSes, but not for +all supported OSes. If there are no binaries for your OS or if you want +to change the default settings, you can compile VLC from sources. + + + + +Windows + + + +VLC works under Windows 95/98/ME/2000/XP. +Download the self-extracting file from the VLC Windows +download page. Launch the .exe to install +VLC. + + + + + + +BeOS + + + +Download the Zip file from the VLC BeOS download +page. Unzip the file in a directory to install VLC. + + + + + + +Mac OS X + + +Download the Mac OS X package from the VLC +MacOS X download page . Double-click on the icon of the +package : an icon will appear on your Desktop, right beside your +drive(s). Open it and drag the VLC application from the resulting +window to the place where you want to install it (it should be +/Applications). + + + + + +Debian GNU/Linux + +Debian stable (woody) + +Add the following lines to your + +/etc/apt/sources.list: + + +deb http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian $(ARCH)/ +deb-src http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian sources/ + + + +Then, for a normal install, do: + + + + +# apt-get update +# apt-get install gnome-vlc libdvdcss2 + + + + +Debian unstable (sid) + +Add the following lines to your + +/etc/apt/sources.list: + + +deb http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian $(ARCH)/ +deb-src http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian sources/ + + + +Then, for a normal install, do: + + + + +# apt-get update +# apt-get install wxvlc libdvdcss2 + + + + +Debian testing (sarge) + + + +You should not be using Debian testing unless you perfectly know +what you are doing. It is almost impossible to support Debian testing +and there are no plans to do it. +For more informations on Debian testing, please look: +testing page + + + + + + + +Linux Mandrake + + + +There are VLC packages for Mandrake 9.1 and cooker. + + + + +To install them, add the following +sources for either Mandrake 9.1 or Cooker (you can use Easy urpmi for that): +contrib from the core distribution and +plf (Penguin Liberation Front) from the external +add-ons. + + + + + + +Then install the required packages with + +urpmi: + + +# urpmi libdvdcss2 libdvdplay0 wxvlc vlc-plugin-a52 vlc-plugin-ogg vlc-plugin-mad + + + + +Linux Redhat + + + +Download the RPM package vlc and the packages +listed in the required libraries and codecs +section (the other packages are just optional) from the VLC Red Hat +download page and put them all into the same directory. +Then install the RPM packages you have downloaded: + + + + +# rpm -U *.rpm + + + + +If you have not installed all the RPM packages included with your +distribution, you may be asked to install a few of them first. + + + + + + + + Compile the sources by yourself (for every other OS) + + + + +The method below is for any Unix system supported by VLC, for +which there is no packages available. It explains how to compile and +install VLC and the needed libraries from their source code. + +You can also compile VLC under Linux this way if you want to +modify the default supported modules. + + +Install the libraries + + +Many libraries are needed : + + + + +libdvbpsi +(compulsory) +, + +mpeg2dec +(compulsory) +, + +libdvdcss +if you want to be able to read encrypted DVDs +, + +libdvdplay +if you want to have DVD menu navigation + +, + +a52dec +if you want to be able to decode the AC3 (i.e. A52) + sound format often used in DVDs +, + +ffmpeg, libmad, + faad2 +if you want to read MPEG 4 / DivX files + +, + +libogg & +libvorbis +if you want to read Ogg Vorbis files +. + + + + +Download the libraries from the VLC sources +download page. + + + +For each library : + + + + + +uncompress : + + + + +% tar xvzf library.tar.gz + + +or + + +% tar xvjf library.tar.bz2 + + + + + +configure : + + + + +% cd library +% ./configure + + + + + +compile and install : + + + + +% make +# make install + + + + + + + + +Check that the configuration file /etc/ld.so.conf +contains the following line : + + + +/usr/local/lib + + + + +If the line is not present, add-it and then run (as root): + + + + +# ldconfig + + + + + +Install VLC + + + + +Download the sources of the lastest release : get the +file vlc-version.tar.gz from the VLC sources +download page. Uncompress-it : + + + + + +% tar xvzf vlc-version.tar.gz +% cd vlc-version + + + + + + +To get the list of configuration options, do : + + + + +% ./configure --help + + + +Please note that all the modules are described in +the Modules section of the VLC User +Guide +. + + + +Examples of very simple configurations: + + + + + + +if you want a basic VLC, do + +: + + +% ./configure + + + + + + +if you want the Gnome interface instead of the GTK +interface (you will need the developement packages of Gnome) : + + + +% ./configure --enable-gnome + + + + + + + +Then, compile and install : + + + +% make +% su +Password: [Root Password] +# make install + + + + +Please note that the installation (make install +command) is not mandatory. You can execute VLC from where you compiled +it. + + + + + + + + + + +Install VLS + + + + + +Windows + + +Download the ZIP file from the VLS +Windows download page, unzip-it and run +setup.exe + +. + + + +GNULinux & Mac OS X + + +Install the libraries + + + + +Many libraries are needed for particular uses + + + + + +libdvbpsi +(always needed) + + + +libdvdcss +if you want to be able to access encrypted DVDs + +, + +libdvdread +if you want to be able to stream DVDs + +, + +libdvb + if you want to be able to stream from a DVB card (a +satellite card or a digital terrestial TV card) + +. + + + + +Download the libraries from the VLS +sources download page + +. + + +For each library, uncompress, configure +(unless for libdvb which doesn't have a +./configure), compile and install + +: + + +% tar xvzf library.tar.gz +% cd library +% ./configure +% make +# make install + + + +Check that the configuration file +/etc/ld.so.conf contains the following line + + : + +/usr/local/lib + + + +If the line is not present, add-it and then run + + : + + +# ldconfig + + + + + +Install VLS + + + + +Download the sources of the latest release : get +the file vls-version.tar.gz from the VLS +sources download page. Uncompress-it and generate +./configure + +: + + +% tar xvzf vls-version.tar.gz +% cd vls-version + + + +To get the list of configuration options, do + + + + +% ./configure --help + + + +Then configure vls + +: + + + + +if you want a basic VLS without DVD support, do + +: + + +% ./configure --disable-dvd + + + + + +if you want a VLS with DVD support, do + + : + + +% ./configure + + + + + +if you want a VLS with DVB support, do + +: + + +% ./configure --enable-dvb --with-dvb=PATH_TO_DVB_DRIVERS --with-libdvb=PATH_TO_LIBDVB + + + + + + + +Then, compile and install + + : + + +% make +# make install + + + +You can also do a make uninstall, +make clean or make distclean as +needed + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Receive and save a stream + + + + +Receive a stream with VLC + + + + +Receive an unicast stream + + + + +% vlc -vvv udp: + + + + + +Receive a multicast stream + + + + +% vlc -vvv udp:@239.255.12.42 + + + + where 239.255.12.42 is the +multicast IP address you want to join + +. + + + + +Receive an HTTP/FTP/MMS stream + + + + +Use one of the following command lines + + : + + + + + + +% vlc -vvv http://example/stream.xyz + + + +where http://example/stream.xyz +is the HTTP address of the stream + + ; + + + + + + +% vlc -vvv ftp://example/stream.xyz + + + +where ftp://example/stream.xyz +is the FTP address of the stream + + ; + + + + + + + +% vlc -vvv mms://viptvr.yacast.fr/encoderfranceinfo + + + +where +mms://viptvr.yacast.fr/encoderfranceinfo is the MMS +address of the stream + +. + + + + + + + + + +Save a stream with VLC + + + + +VLC can save the stream to the disk. In order +to do this, use the Stream Output of VLC : you can do it via the +graphical interface, or you can add to the command line the following +argument + + : + + +--sout file/muxer:stream.xyz + + + +where + +: + + + +muxer +is one of the formats supported by VLC's stream +output, i.e. + +: + + + +avi + for AVI format + +, + +ogg + for OGG format + +, + +ps + for MPEG2-PS format + +, + +ts or +ts_dvbpsi + for MPEG2-PS format (the latter uses +libdvbpsi for the task) + +. + + + + + + +and stream.xyz is the name of +the file you want to save the stream to, with the right extension + +. + + + + + + +Receive a stream with a set-top-box + + + + +Some set-top-boxes with Ethernet cards can receive +MPEG2-TS streams over UDP and support multicast. This is the case +of the Pace and Aminocom set top boxes. We have +tested the AmiNET 100 set-top-box from Aminocom: it +is nice and small, and it works very well with VideoLAN + +. + + + + + + + +Stream a file + + + + +Stream a file with VLC + + + + +% vlc -vvv video1.xyz --sout udp:192.168.0.42 --ttl 12 + + + +where + +: + + + +video1.xyz + is the file you want to stream + +, + +192.168.0.42 + is either + +: + + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or a multicast IP address + +. + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + +If you want to stream the file continuously, add the +--loop option + +. + + + + +Stream a file with VLS + + + +% vls -vv -d udp:192.168.0.42 file:video1.xyz --ttl 12 + + +where + : + + + +video1.xyz + is the file you want to stream + +, + +192.168.0.42 + is either + +: + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or a multicast IP address + +. + + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + + + + +When you want to stop VLS, use the key combination + +Ctrlc. + + +If you want to stream the file continuously, add the +--loop option + +. + + + + + + +VLS can stream MPEG files that meet two critera +: + + + + +the file must be MPEG PS +(Program Stream) or MPEG TS (Transport Stream), +that contain video and audio multiplexed. VLS cannot stream MPEG +ES (Elementary Stream), i.e. a file with only audio +or video + +. + + +In order to know if an MPEG file is MPEG +PS, MPEG TS or MPEG +ES, read the file with VLC and look at the messages +(select in the menu View / Messages, or use the +command line vlc -vvv) + +. + + + + +If you see a line +: + + +[00000107] main module debug: using demux module "ts_dvbpsi" + + + +it means the file is MPEG TS + +. + + + +If you see a line +: + + +[00000109] main module debug: using demux module "ps" + + + +it means the file is MPEG PS + +. + + +If you see a line +: + + +[00000109] main module debug: using demux module "es" + + + +it means the file is MPEG ES, VLS can't stream it. + +. + + + + + + + +the sequence header of the video must repeat itself +regularly, which is often the case with MPEG-2, but very rare with +MPEG-1. There is no easy way to know if the sequence header is repeated +regularly. Files with a .vob extension are +normally MPEG-2 files and files with .mpg or +.mpeg extension or usually MPEG-1 files + +. + + + + + + + You can download this +streamable MPEG-2 PS file for your tests : presentation_short.vob + +. + + + + + + + + + +Stream a DVD + + + + + + +Under Unix/Linux, you must have write access to the device +corresponding to your DVD drive. For that, you should be in the +disk or cdrom group (look +at the permissions in /dev). If you're not, add +yourself to the group + +: + + +# adduser your_login disk_or_cdrom + + + +and then restart your session +. + + +Stream a DVD with VLC + + + + +% vlc -vvv dvdold:/dev/dvd --sout udp:192.168.0.12 --ttl 12 + + + +where + +: + + + +/dev/dvd +is the name of your DVD drive (put +D: under Windows if D is +the letter of your DVD drive) or the directory where you copied your +DVD + +, + +192.168.0.42 + is either + +: + + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or a multicast IP address + +. + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + + +If you want to stream the DVD continuously, add the +--loop option + +. + + + + + +Stream a DVD with VLS + + + +This is possible under GNU/Linux only + +. + + +% vls -vv -d udp:192.168.0.42 dvd:/dev/dvd --ttl 12 + + +where + : + + + + +/dev/dvd +is the name of your DVD drive + or the directory where you copied your +DVD + + +, + +192.168.0.42 + is either + +: + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or a multicast IP address + +. + + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + + +If you want to stream the DVD continuously, add the +--loop option + +. + + + + + + + + + +Stream a DVB channel (satellite or digital +terrestial TV) + + + + +This is possible under GNU/Linux only + +. + + +Install the DVB drivers + + + + +If you want to be able to stream from a DVB card (a +satellite card or a digital terrestial TV card), you need to install the +DVB drivers: + + + + + + + + +if you use a Linux 2.6.x kernel, you just need to +compile the right modules ; + + + + + + + +if you are using a Linux 2.4.x +kernel, you must download the latest release of the DVB drivers from the DVB drivers download +page of the LinuxTV +Project. + + + + + + + + + + +Uncompress the tarball and follow the instructions +written in the INSTALL file to compile and install +the drivers + +. + + + + +Stream with VLS + + + + +Put a .dvbrc file containing +the DVB channels (satellite or digital terrestial TV channels) you +want to stream in your home directory (some are provided in the +libdvb tarball for the satellite channels) + +. + + +Run VLS with the following command line + + : + + +% vls -vv -d udp:192.168.0.42 dvb:"EUROSPORT" --ttl 12 + + +where + : + + + +"EUROSPORT" + is the channel you want to stream as written in +your ~/.dvbrc file + +, + +192.168.0.42 + is either + +: + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or a multicast IP address + +. + + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + + + +Stream with VLC + +For this, you must use the CVS version of VLC and compile +it with ./configure --enable-dvb This feature should +still be considered as experimental. + + +% vlc -vvv --program 8211 dvb:12597000:0:3:27500000 --sout udp:192.168.0.12 --ttl 12 + + +where : + + + +8211 is the PID of the DVB +channel you would like to stream, expressed as a decimal number +; + +12597000 is the frequency of the +transponder you want to stream from in Hz; + +0 is the polarization (0 for +vertical, 1 for horizontal) ; + +3 is the FEC (3 for 3/4, 9 for +auto) ; + +27500000 is the transponder symbol +rate in Hz ; + +192.168.0.12 is either : + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast to +; + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast to +; + +or the multicast IP address. + + + + + +12 is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers). + + + + + + + + + + + +Stream from an MPEG encoding card + + + + +This is possible under GNU/Linux only + +. + + + + +VideoLAN supports two MPEG-2 encoding cards + + : + + + +Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-250, + +Visiontech Kfir. + + + + +The Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-250 gives much better +results and is cheaper than the Visiontech Kfir + +. + + + + +Stream with the Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-250 card + + + + +Install the drivers + + + + +First, you will have to patch your kernel to support +the v4l2 API (Video 4 Linux version 2). The patch is available on the +Video4Linux HQ + +. + + +Once your kernel is ready, install the CVS version +of the Linux drivers for the Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-250. They are hosted on +ivtv.sourceforge.net. +Then, you will have to create the device and load the modules; for this, +please refer to the documentation shipped with the drivers + + +. + + + + +Stream with VLC + + + + +You must add --enable-pvr +to ./configure to use this +feature. You may want to change the value of +CR_MAX_AVERAGE_COUNTER to 1000 +in src/input/input_clock.c to work around a problem +with the card + +. + + +% vlc -vvv pvr:/dev/video0:norm=secam:size=720x576:frequency=576250: +bitrate=3000000:maxbitrate=4000000 --sout udp:192.168.0.42 --ttl 12 + + +where + : + + + + +/dev/video0 +is the device corresponding to the encoding card + +, + +norm=secam + is name of the standard of the analogic signal +(possible values are pal, secam, and ntsc) + +, + +size=720x576 +is the size of the video you want to stream + +, + +frequency=567250 + is the frequency in kHz of the channel you want to +stream + +, + +bitrate=3000000 +is the average bitrate of the stream + +, + +maxbitrate=4000000 +is the maximum bitrate of the stream + +, + +192.168.0.42 + is either + +: + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or a multicast IP address + +. + + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + + + + + +Stream with VLS + + + + +There is no command line interface for this input +for the moment, so you will have to use the configuration file + +. + + +You cannot set-up the parameters of the drivers +(norm, size, frequency, bitrate, etc...) with VLS: for that, you will +have to use the program ptune.pl that come with the +drivers. Please refer to the documentation shipped with the drivers to +learn how to use this program + +. + + +Here is a typical configuration file +vls.cfgto run VLS with a Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-250 +encoding card + + +: + + +# vls.cfg (VLS configuration file) +# Example of the VideoLAN HOWTO for the Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-250 encoding card + +BEGIN "Inputs" + + pvr = "video" + +END + +BEGIN "pvr" + + # Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-250 device + Device = "/dev/video0" + + # Stream type + Type = "Mpeg2-PS" + +END + +BEGIN "Channels" + + channel1 = "network" + +END + +BEGIN "channel1" + + # Unicast or multicast IP address + DstHost = "192.168.0.42" + + # Destination port + DstPort = "1234" + + # If it's a multicast IP address, uncomment the line below + #Type = "multicast" + + # If it's a multicast IP address, set the "Time To Live" below + #TTL = "12" + +END + +BEGIN "LaunchOnStartUp" + + command1 = "start video channel1 pvr" + +END + + + +Once you have adapted the configuration file above, +run VLS + +: + + +% vls -vv -f vls.cfg + + + + + + +Stream with the Visiontech Kfir card + + + + +Install the drivers + + + + +If you want to be able to stream from a +Visiontech Kfir card, you need to install its Linux drivers. +Download the latest release of the drivers from the drivers download +page of the LinuxTV web +site + +. + + + +Uncompress the tarball and follow the instructions +written in the INSTALL file to compile and install +the drivers + +. + + +If you have a VIA chipset, you need to disable USB +in the BIOS + +. + + + + + +Stream with VLC + + + + +% vlc -vvv kfir:/dev/video --sout udp:192.168.0.42 --ttl 12 + + +where + : + + + +/dev/video +is the device corresponding to the Kfir card + +, + +192.168.0.42 + is either + +: + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or a multicast IP address + +. + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + + + +Stream with VLS + +There is no command line interface for this input +for the moment, so you will have to use the configuration file + +. + + +Here is a typical configuration file +vls.cfgto run VLS with a VisionTech Kfir +encoding card + +: + + + +# vls.cfg (VLS configuration file) +# Example of the VideoLAN HOWTO for the Visiontech Kfir encoding card + +BEGIN "Inputs" + + kfir = "video" + +END + +BEGIN "kfir" + + # Visiontech Kfir device + Device = "/dev/video" + + # Stream type (default is "Mpeg2-PS") + Type = "Mpeg2-PS" + +END + +BEGIN "Channels" + + channel1 = "network" + +END + +BEGIN "channel1" + + # Unicast or multicast IP address + DstHost = "192.168.0.42" + + # Destination port + DstPort = "1234" + + # If it's a multicast IP address, uncomment the line below + #Type = "multicast" + + # If it's a multicast IP address, set the "Time To Live" below + #TTL = "12" + +END + +BEGIN "LaunchOnStartUp" + + command1 = "start video channel1 kfir" + +END + + + +Once you have adapted the configuration file above, +run VLS + +: + + +% vls -vv -f vls.cfg + + + + + + + + + + +Stream from an acquisition card or a webcam + + + + +This is possible under GNU/Linux only + +. + + + + +Install the Video for Linux drivers + + + + +If you want to stream from an acquisition card +or a webcam, a video4linux driver must be available for it. You can +find more information about video4linux and supported devices here + +. + + +Compile the right module for your device, and insert +it into your kernel (Some video4linux modules are shipped with the 2.4.x +Linux kernels). You can test your device by using any of the listed +programs in the Video: TV and PVR/DVR section of +this page + +. + + +Note that v4l2 modules will also work with VLC + +. + + + + +Stream with VLC + + + + +You must add --enable-v4l to +./configure to use this feature + +. + + + +% vlc -vvv v4l:/dev/video:norm=secam:frequency=543250:size=640x480:channel=0:adev=/dev/dsp:audio=0 +--sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=3000,ab=256,vt=800000,keyint=80,deinterlace}:std{access=udp,mux=ts,url=239.255.12.13}' --ttl 12 + + +where + : + + + + +/dev/video + is the device corresponding to your acquisition +card or your webcam + +, + +norm=secam + is name of the standard of the analogic signal +(possible values are pal, secam, and ntsc) + +, + +frequency=543250 + is the frequency of the channel in khz +(Warning : for VLC < 0.6.1, Frequency is channel +frequency in MHz multiplied by 16) + +, + + +size=640x480 +is the size of the video you want (you can also put the +standard size like subqcif (128x96), +qsif (160x120), qcif +(176x144), sif (320x240), cif +(352x288) or vga (640x480)) + +, + +channel=0 +is the number of the channel (usually 0 is for +tuner, 1 for composite and 2 for svideo) + +, + +adev=/dev/dsp +is the audio device + +, + +audio=1 +is the number of the audio +channel (usually 0 is for mono and 1 for stereo) + +, + +vcodec=mp4v +is the video format you want to encode in +(mp4v is MPEG-4, mpgv is +MPEG-1, and there is also + +h263, DIV1, +DIV2, DIV3, +I420, I422, +I444, RV24, +YUY2), + +acodec=mpga +is the audio format you want to encode +in (mpga is MPEG audio layer 2, +a52 is A52 i.e. AC3 sound) + +, + +vb=3000 + is the video bitrate in Kbit/s + +, + +ab=256 + is the audio bitrate in Kbit/s + + + +vt=800000 + is the video bitrate tolerance in bit/s + +, + +keyint=80 + is the maximum interval between two "I" images in +number of images + +, + +deinterlace +tells VLC to deinterlace the video on the fly + +, + +192.168.0.42 + is either + +: + + + +the IP address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the DNS name the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or a multicast IP address + +. + + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + + + + +Stream with VLS + + + + +You need the CVS version of VLS. When you +compile it, you must do a ./bootstrap and + ./configure --enable-v4l +--with-ffmpeg=PATH (where PATH is the +absolute path to the directory where you compiled ffmpeg, and not the +relative path !) + +. + + +There is no command line interface for this input +for the moment, so you will have to use the configuration file + +. + + +Here is a typical configuration file +vls.cfgto run VLS with a v4l device + +: + + +# vls.cfg (VLS configuration file) +# Example of the VideoLAN HOWTO for the Video for Linux input + +BEGIN "Inputs" + + webcam = "v4l" + +END + +BEGIN "webcam" + + # V4L device + Device = "/dev/video" + + # Channel Source : Webcam is often "0" + # TV Card, may be Tuner(0), Composite(1), Svideo(2) + Channel = "0" + + # Norm: PAL=0, NTSC=1, SECAM=2 + Norm = "0" + + # Frequency of the channel in Mhz, multiplied by 16 (tuner cards only) + Frequency = "7668" + + # Size possibilities: can be either: + # - empty string : default size + # - width x height + # - subQCIF(128x96), QSIF(160x120), QCIF(176x144), SIF(320x240), + # CIF(352x288), VGA (640x480) + Size = "" + + # DeInterlace: "0" = no ; "1" = yes + DeInterlace = "0" + + # Video compression format: "mpeg1" or "mpeg4" + Compression = "mpeg4" + + # Video bitrate (approx.) in kbps + Bitrate = "500" + + # Quality: "1.0" (good) to "31.0" (bad) + Quality = "1.0" + + # Sound device + AudioDevice = "/dev/dsp" + + # Audio compression format: "mp2", "mp3" or "ogg" + AudioCompression = "mp2" + + # Audio bitrate in kpbs + AudioBitrate = "64" + + # Audio frequency ("16000", "22050", "24000", "32000", "44100" or "48000") + AudioFreq = "16000" + + # Audio channel: "1" = mono ; "2" = stereo + AudioChannel = "2" + +END + +BEGIN "Channels" + + channel1 = "network" + +END + +BEGIN "channel1" + + # Unicast or multicast IP address + DstHost = "192.168.0.42" + + # Destination port + DstPort = "1234" + + # If it's a multicast IP address, uncomment the line below + #Type = "multicast" + + # If it's a multicast IP address, set the "Time To Live" below + #TTL = "12" + +END + +BEGIN "LaunchOnStartUp" + + command1 = "start video channel1 webcam" + +END + + + +Once you have adapted the configuration file above, +run VLS + +: + + + + +% vls -vv -f vls.cfg + + + + + + + + +Advanced use of VLC's stream output +(transcoding, multiple streaming, etc...) + + + + +The syntax + + + + +Please refer to the command line +interface chapter of the VLC user guide to learn the syntax +of VLC's stream output. You can find the VLC user guide on the documentation page + +. + + + + +Examples + + + + +Transcoding + + + + +Transcode the input stream and send it to a +multicast IP address with the associated SAP announce + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128,deinterlace}: +standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=239.255.12.42,sap=TestStream}' + + + + Display the input stream, transcode it and send it +to a multicast IP address with the associated SAP announce + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#duplicate{dst=display,dst= +"transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128,deinterlace}: +standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=239.255.12.42,sap=TestStream}"}' + + + +Transcode the input stream, display the transcoded +stream and send it to a multicast IP address with the associated SAP +announce + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128,deinterlace}: +duplicate{dst=display,dst=standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=239.255.12.42,sap=TestStream}}' + + + + + +Multiple streaming + + + + +Send a stream to a multicast IP address and a +unicast IP address + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#duplicate{dst= +standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=239.255.12.42,sap=TestStream}, +dst=standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=192.168.1.2}}' + + + +Display the stream and send it to two unicast IP +addresses + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#duplicate{dst=display,dst= +standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=192.168.1.12}, +dst=standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=192.168.1.42}}' + + + + + + +Transcoding and multiple streaming + + + + +Transcode the input stream, display the transcoded +stream and send it to a multicast IP address with the associated SAP +announce and an unicast IP address + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128,deinterlace}: +duplicate{dst=display,dst=standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=239.255.12.42,sap=TestStream}, +dst=standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=192.168.1.2}}' + + + +Display the input stream, transcode it and send it +to two unicast IP addresses + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#duplicate{dst=display, +dst="transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}: +duplicate{dst=standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=192.168.1.2}, +dst=standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=192.168.1.12}"}' + + + +Send the input stream to a multicast IP address +and the transcoded stream to another multicast IP address with the +associated SAP announces + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#duplicate{dst= +standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=239.255.1.2,sap=OriginalStream}, +dst="transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}: +standard{access=udp,mux=ts,url=239.255.1.3,sap=TranscodedStream}"}' + + + + + +HTTP streaming + + + + +Stream in HTTP + +: + + + + +on the server, run + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#standard{access=http,mux=ogg,url=server.example.org:8080}' + + + + + +on the client(s), run + +: + + +% vlc http://server.example.org:8080 + + + + + + + +Transcode and stream in HTTP + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}: +standard{access=http,mux=ogg,url=server.example.org:8080}' + + + +For example, if you want to stream an audio CD in +Ogg/Vorbis over HTTP + +: + + +% vlc -vvv cdda:/dev/cdrom --sout '#transcode{acodec=vorb,ab=128}: +standard{access=http,mux=ogg,url=server.example.org:8080}' + + + + + +Use the <emphasis>es</emphasis> module + + + + +Separate audio and video in two PS files + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout +'#es{access=file,mux=ps,url_audio=audio-%c.%m,url_video=video-%c.%m}' + + + +Extract the audio track of the input stream to a TS +file + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#es{access_audio=file,mux_audio=ts,url_audio=audio-%c.%m}' + + + + Stream in unicast the audio track on a port and the +video track on another port + +: + + + + +on the server side +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout +'#es{access=rtp,mux=ts,url_audio=192.168.1.2:1212,url_video=192.168.1.2:1213}' + + + + + +on the client side: to receive the audio + +: + + +% vlc udp:@:1212 + + + + +to receive the video + +: + + +% vlc udp:@:1213 + + + + + + + +Stream in multicast the video and dump the audio in +a file + +: + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#es{access_video=udp,mux_video=ts,url_video=239.255.12.42, +access_audio=file,mux_audio=ps,url_audio=audio-%c.%m}' + + + +You can also combine the es +module with the other modules to set-up even more complex +solution + +. + + + + + + + + +Stream in IPv6 + + + + +Stream in IPv6 + + + + +You will need an IPv6-aware operating system, like +Linux 2.4.21 with the ipv6 module loaded, Windows +XP Service Pack 1 or Mac OS X version 10.2 or higher. Please look at the +features pages on the VideoLAN web +site to know about the status of IPv6 in VLC and VLS for each +O.S + +. + + +If you are using VMware under Linux, you will have +to stop VMware and unload the VMware kernel modules, because we noticed +it prevented IPv6 streaming + +! + + + +Stream with VLC + + + + +% vlc -vvv video1.xyz --ipv6 --sout udp:[ff08::1] --ttl 12 + + + +where + + : + + + +video1.xyz + is the file you want to stream (you can also put +dvdold:/dev/dvd to stream a DVD or any other input +configuration) + +, + +ff08::1 +is either + +: + + + + +the IPv6 address of the machine you want to unicast +to + +; + + +or the multicast IPv6 address + +. + + + + + +12 + is the value of the TTL (Time To +Live) of your IP packets (which means that the stream will be +able to cross 11 routers) + +. + + + + +Under Unix/Linux, you may have to protect the square +brackets around the IPv6 address + +: + + +% vlc -vvv video1.xyz --ipv6 --sout udp:\[ff08::1\] --ttl 12 + + + + + +You may have to specify the output network +interface + + : + + +% vlc -vvv video1.xyz --ipv6 --sout udp:[ff08::1%eth0] --ttl 12 + + + +where eth0 is the name of the +network interface (under Linux the network interfaces +are named ethX, under Mac OS X it's +enX and under Windows it's X, +where X is the appropriate number) + +. + + + + + + +Stream with VLS + + + + +You will need to use the configuration +file vls.cfg. Please, see the VLS user guide to know how to +write one for IPv6 streaming in unicast or multicast + +. + + + + + +Receive in IPv6 + + + + +Receive an unicast stream + + + + +% vlc -vvv --ipv6 udp: + + + + + +Receive a multicast stream + + + + + +% vlc -vvv --ipv6 udp:@[ff08::1] + + + +Under Unix/Linux, you may have to protect the square +brackets around the IPv6 address + +: + + +% vlc -vvv --ipv6 udp:@\[ff08::1\] + + + + + +You may have to specify the output network +interface + + : + + +% vlc -vvv video1.xyz --ipv6 --sout udp:[ff08::1%eth0] --ttl 12 + + + +where eth0 is the name of the +network interface (under Linux the network interfaces +are named ethX, under Mac OS X it's +enX and under Windows it's X, +where X is the appropriate number) + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + +Video On Demand + + + + +Overview + + + + +With Video On Demand (VOD), the user can start the video when he +wants, make pauses, go forward and back in the video. It is of course +the best in video streaming and the dream for every user. + +VOD is a very big consumer of resources for the server and the +network. VOD is unicast, not multicast : this means that the network +and server resources needed are directly proportional to the number of +clients. + +The design of VideoLAN's VOD solution is very simple. The idea +is to do HTTP streaming, i.e. stream an MPEG video encapsulated in +HTTP. The regulation of the bitrate between the client and the server +is done automatically by TCP. With HTTP version 1.1, there is the +possibility to seek in a file downloaded, that's what we use to seek in +the video. + + + + + + + + +On the server side + + + + +On the VOD server, you need a running Web server. For example, +you can use a Linux server running Apache. Other operating systems +and other Web servers should work too, but we have never tested. + +Make your MPEG-1, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 / DivX files available to the +clients on the Web server. + +For example, we have a Web server whose DNS name +is localserver. On this server, +we put an MPEG file video1.mpg +which will be available to the clients at the URL +http://localserver/video1.mpg. + + + + + + + +On the client side + + + + + +% vlc -vvv http://localserver/video1.mpg + + + + + + +VLC starts to read the stream nearly immediately and you can +seek in the stream, make pauses, etc... as if the stream was a local +file. + + + + + + + + + + + +Add a channel information service + + + +Typing multicast addresses is not very fun... that's why you need +a channel information service ! VideoLAN has implemented a channel +information service based on the SAP/SDP standard. The SAP announces +about the multicast programs are sent on the network (via the multicast +address 224.2.127.254 reserved for this purpose). +On the client side, VLCs receive these annouces and automatically add +the programs announced to their playlist. + + + + + +VLC can send the SAP announces associated with the programs +it is streaming. VLS can't do that, but an independant program, the +mini-SAP-server, can send the announces for the programs sent by +VLS. + + + + + +Send announces when streaming with VLC + + + + +To send announces with VLC, you need to use the complex syntax of +VLC's stream output, like this: + + + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#standard{access=udp,url=239.255.12.42,sap="Test Stream"}' --ttl 12 + + + +where video1.xyz is the file you want +to stream, 239.255.12.42 is the multicast IP +address you want to stream on, Test Stream is +the name that will be used for this program in the SAP announces and +12 is the value of the TTL (Time To Live) of the +stream and of the SAP announces. + + + + + +To do the SAP announces in IPv6, just add the +sap_ipv=6 option: + + + + +% vlc -vvv input_stream --sout '#standard{access=udp,url=239.255.12.42,sap="Test Stream",sap_ipv=6}' --ttl 12 + + + + + +Send announces for the programs streamed by VLS with the +mini-SAP-server + + + + + +The mini-SAP-server is only available for Linux and Mac OSX. + + + + +Install the mini-SAP-server + + + + +Download the latest version of the mini-SAP-server from the streaming download page. + + + + +Install-it: + + + + +% tar xvzf miniSAPserver-version.tar.gz +% cd miniSAPserver-version +% ./configure (if version >= 0.2.3) +% make + + + + + +Configure the mini-SAP-server + + + +Edit the configuration file sap.cfg shipped +with the tarball. It should contain a global section with the Time To +Live (TTL) and the IP version (IPv4 or IPv6) used for the SAP announces +and a section per program announced. Use the comments to understand each +parameter. + +The Time To Live option indicates the maximum number of routers +that the SAP announce packets can cross before being dropped. + + + + + + + +Run the mini-SAP-server + + + + +Start the mini-SAP-server: + + + + +% ./sapserver -c sap.cfg + + + +If you want to run the mini-SAP-server in the +background, use the -d command line switch. For +instance: + + + + +% ./sapserver -d -c sap.cfg + + + +You can also omit the -c +command line switch if your config file is /etc/sap.cfg. + + + + + + + +Start VLC(s) on the client(s) + + + + + + +If the announces are sent in IPv4 : + + + + +% vlc -vvv --extraintf sap + + + + + +If the announces are sent in IPv6 : + + + + +% vlc -vvv --extraintf sap --sap-ipv6 + + + + + + + +Then open the playlist: you should see the names of the programs +announced in SAP. 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