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LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml
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@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ play-back in Linux. </Para>
Ecology-HOWTO</ULink>,
<CiteTitle>Linux Ecology HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>Updated: November 2000</CiteTitle>.
<CiteTitle>Updated: February 2003</CiteTitle>.
Discusses ways Linux computers can be used as a means to protect our
environment, by using its features to save power or paper. </Para>
</ListItem>
@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@ Getting a Kodak digital camera working under GNU/Linux. </Para>
Laptop-HOWTO</ULink>,
<CiteTitle>Linux Laptop HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>Updated: November 2000</CiteTitle>.
<CiteTitle>Updated: February 2003</CiteTitle>.
Contains a concise survey of laptop-related (Linux content)
documents, such as installation methods for laptops (via PCMCIA,
without CD drive, etc.), laptop hardware features, and configurations

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@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ http://www.brigadoon.de/peter/kde/</ULink>. </EMPHASIS> </Para>
Laptop-HOWTO</ULink>,
<CiteTitle>Linux Laptop HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>Updated: November 2000</CiteTitle>.
<CiteTitle>Updated: February 2003</CiteTitle>.
Contains a concise survey of laptop-related (Linux content)
documents, such as installation methods for laptops (via PCMCIA,
without CD drive, etc.), laptop hardware features, and configurations

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LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/miscSect.sgml
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@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ Yes, Linux DOES make coffee, and it tastes good. </Para>
Ecology-HOWTO</ULink>,
<CiteTitle>Linux Ecology HOWTO</CiteTitle>
</Para><Para>
<CiteTitle>Updated: November 2000</CiteTitle>.
<CiteTitle>Updated: February 2003</CiteTitle>.
Discusses ways Linux computers can be used as a means to protect our
environment, by using its features to save power or paper. </Para>
</ListItem>

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LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Ecology-HOWTO.sgml
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@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
<author>
Werner Heuser
<htmlurl url="mailto:wehe@mobilix.org" name="&lt; wehe@mobilix.org &gt;">
<htmlurl url="mailto:wehe@tuxmobil.org" name="&lt; wehe@tuxmobil.org &gt;">
Wade W. Hampton
<htmlurl url="mailto:whampton@staffnet.com" name="&lt;whampton@staffnet.com&gt;">
</author>
<date>v0.8, 4 November 2000
<date>v0.9, 27 February 2003
<abstract>
The Ecology-HOWTO discusses ways Linux computers can be used as a means to protect our environment, by using its features to save power or paper. Since it does not require big hardware, Linux may be used with old computers to make their life cycle longer. Games may be used in environmental education and software is available to simulate ecological processes.
</abstract>
@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ The Ecology-HOWTO discusses ways Linux computers can be used as a means to prote
<p>
<sect>Introduction
<p>
Life is the first gift, love is the second, and understanding is the third. -- <url url="http://www.capecod.net/&tilde;tmpiercy/" name="Marge Piercy">
Life is the first gift, love is the second, and understanding is the third. -- <url url="http://www.margepiercy.com/" name="Marge Piercy">
<p>
Though computers can be seen as part of environmental pollution, there are also ways to use computers in a more reasonable manner to help protect the environment. So I have just started to collect some means to do so with Linux.
<sect1>Objectives
<p>
Some objectives of the howto:
Some objectives of the HOWTO:
<itemize>
<item>
@ -54,24 +54,24 @@ I don't have enough technological knowledge to make a decision between these alt
<p>
If I didn't provide an URL for a program or a package, you may get it from <url url="http://www.debian.org" name="Debian"> or as a RPM package, from your favorite RPM server, for instance <url url="http://rufus.w3.org/linux/RPM/ByName.html" name="Rufus">.
<p>
Some parts are modified chapters from <url url="http://mobilix.org/howtos.html" name="my Laptop-HOWTO and my IR-(InfraRed)-HOWTO">.
Some parts are modified chapters from <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/howtos.html" name="my Laptop-HOWTO and my IR-(InfraRed)-HOWTO">.
<p>
The document is included in the <url url="http://linuxdoc.org/" name="LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT">.
The document is included in the <url url="http://tldp.org/" name="LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT">.
<p>
The latest version of this document is available at <url url="http://mobilix.org/eco_linux.html" name="Ecology and Computers"> .
The latest version of this document is available at <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/eco_linux.html" name="Ecology and Computers"> .
<p>
Since Wade W. Hampton provided a great amount of information included into this text I consider him as a co-author. Though all responsibility for any mistakes is taken by me.
<p>
Please feel free to contact me for comments or questions about the HOWTO. I know this material is not finished or perfect, but I hope you find it useful anyway. <p>
Werner Heuser <htmlurl url ="mailto:wehe@mobilix.org" name="&lt;wehe@mobilix.org&gt;">
Werner Heuser <htmlurl url ="mailto:wehe@tuxmobil.org" name="&lt;wehe@tuxmobil.org&gt;">
<sect2>Translations
<p>
Jun Morimoto &lt;morimoto@xantia.citroen.org&gt; has written the <url url="http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Ecology-HOWTO.html" name="translation into Japanese">.
Jun Morimoto &lt;morimoto at xantia.citroen.org&gt; has written the <url url="http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Ecology-HOWTO.html" name="translation into Japanese">.
<p>
A translation into Chinese(Big5 code) is proposed by Richie Gan. It is part of the <url url="http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/" name="Chinese Linux Document Project">. You may contact CLDP coordinator &lt;cwhuang@linux.org.tw&gt; to reach him.
A translation into Chinese(Big5 code) is proposed by Richie Gan. It is part of the <url url="http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/" name="Chinese Linux Document Project">. You may contact CLDP coordinator &lt;cwhuang at linux.org.tw&gt; to reach him.
<p>
Victor Solymossy &lt;victor@lig.dq.ufscar.br&gt; proposed a translation into Portuguese.
Victor Solymossy &lt;victor at lig.dq.ufscar.br&gt; proposed a translation into Portuguese.
<sect>Reduction of Power Consumption
<p>
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ APM support consists of two parts: <it>kernel</it> support and <it>user-land</it
<p>
For <it>kernel</it> support, enable the parameters in the corresponding kernel section. AFAIK not all features work with laptops. AFAIK the feature <tt>CONFIG_APM_POWER_OFF</tt> works with most laptops.
<p>
The utilities for <it>userland</it> support may be found at <url url="http://www.worldvisions.ca/~apenwarr/apmd/" name="WorldVisions">. APMD is a set of programs that control the Advanced Power Management system found in most modern laptop computers. If you run a 2.2.x kernel and want to experiment, Gabor Kuti &lt;seasons@falcon.sch.bme.hu&gt; has made a kernel patch that allows you to <it>hibernate</it> any Linux system to disk, even if your computers APM BIOS doesn't support it directly.
The utilities for <it>userland</it> support may be found at <url url="http://www.worldvisions.ca/~apenwarr/apmd/" name="WorldVisions">. APMD is a set of programs that control the Advanced Power Management system found in most modern laptop computers. If you run a 2.2.x kernel and want to experiment, Gabor Kuti &lt;seasons at falcon.sch.bme.hu&gt; has made a kernel patch that allows you to <it>hibernate</it> any Linux system to disk, even if your computers APM BIOS doesn't support it directly.
Richard Gooch wrote: I'have had a look at the beta version of <tt>apmd</tt>, and I still don't like it, because:
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ And I'm not sure that what we want is a single super daemon. A collection of sma
Though this topic was discussed controversly Richard Gooch has put together a package <tt>suspendd</tt> at <url url="http://www.atnf.csiro.au/&tilde;rgooch/linux/" name="http://www.atnf.csiro.au/&tilde;rgooch/linux/"> .
Also, have a look at <tt>apmcd</tt> (<tt>apm</tt> based crontab) at <url url="ftp://ftp.binary9.net/pub/linux/" name="ftp://ftp.binary9.net/pub/linux/"> . A tool made by Nicolas J. Leon &lt;nicholas@binary9.net&gt; <url url="http://mrnick.binary9.net/" name="http://mrnick.binary9.net/">.
Also, have a look at <tt>apmcd</tt> (<tt>apm</tt> based crontab) at <url url="ftp://ftp.binary9.net/pub/linux/" name="ftp://ftp.binary9.net/pub/linux/"> . A tool made by Nicolas J. Leon &lt;nicholas at binary9.net&gt; <url url="http://mrnick.binary9.net/" name="http://mrnick.binary9.net/">.
Note: I didn't check wether this features are merged into one package (<tt>apmd</tt> eventually) already.
@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ If you have another operating system preinstalled or use another operating syste
<sect2>Troubleshooting
<p>
If your machine worked with 2.0.x kernels but not with the 2.2.x series, take this advice from Klaus Franken kfr@klaus.franken.de : &dquot;The default changed in 2.2. Search in the init-scripts for <tt>halt</tt> and change it to <tt>halt -p</tt> or <tt>poweroff</tt>. See <tt>man halt</tt> , if you don't have this option you need a newer version of <tt>halt</tt>.&dquot; You may find it in the <tt>SysVinit</tt> package.
If your machine worked with 2.0.x kernels but not with the 2.2.x series, take this advice from Klaus Franken kfr at klaus.franken.de : &dquot;The default changed in 2.2. Search in the init-scripts for <tt>halt</tt> and change it to <tt>halt -p</tt> or <tt>poweroff</tt>. See <tt>man halt</tt> , if you don't have this option you need a newer version of <tt>halt</tt>.&dquot; You may find it in the <tt>SysVinit</tt> package.
<p>
Sometimes X windows and APM don't work smoothly together, the machine might even hang. A recommendation from Steve Rader: Some Linux systems have their X server hang when doing <tt>apm -s</tt>. Folks with this affliction might want switch to the console virtual terminal then suspend <tt>chvt 1; apm -s</tt> as root, or, more appropiately.<tt>sudo chvt 1; sudo apm -s</tt>. I have these commands in a script, say, <tt>my-suspend</tt> and then do <tt>xapmload --click-command my-suspend</tt> .
<p>
On some new machines (for instance HP Omnibook 4150 - 366 MHz model) when accessing <file>/proc/apm</file>, you may get a kernel fault <tt>general protection fault: f000</tt>. Stephen Rothwell &lt;Stephen.Rothwell@canb.auug.org.au&gt; <url url="http://www.canb.auug.org.au/&tilde;sfr/" name="http://www.canb.auug.org.au/&tilde;sfr/"> explaines: &dquot;This is your APM BIOS attempting to use a real mode segment while in protected mode, i.e. it is a bug in your BIOS. .. We have seen a few of these recently, except all the others are in the power off code in the BIOS wher we can work around it by returning to real mode before attempting to power off. Here we cannot do this.&dquot;
On some new machines (for instance HP Omnibook 4150 - 366 MHz model) when accessing <file>/proc/apm</file>, you may get a kernel fault <tt>general protection fault: f000</tt>. Stephen Rothwell &lt;Stephen.Rothwell at canb.auug.org.au&gt; <url url="http://www.canb.auug.org.au/&tilde;sfr/" name="http://www.canb.auug.org.au/&tilde;sfr/"> explaines: &dquot;This is your APM BIOS attempting to use a real mode segment while in protected mode, i.e. it is a bug in your BIOS. .. We have seen a few of these recently, except all the others are in the power off code in the BIOS wher we can work around it by returning to real mode before attempting to power off. Here we cannot do this.&dquot;
<sect2>ACPI
<p>
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The latest standard is ACPI. The ACPI4Linux project has started at the beginning
<sect1>Power Management Unit - PMU (PowerBook)
<p>
PowerBooks don't support the APM specification, but they have a separate protocol for their PMU (Power Management Unit). There is a free (GPL) daemon called <tt>pmud</tt> that handles power management; it can monitor the battery level, put the machine to sleep, and set different levels of power consumption. It was written by Stephan Leemburg &lt;stephan@jvc.nl&gt;, and is available from PPC distribution ftp sites (e.g. ftp://ftp.linuxppc.com/contrib/software/Utilities/System/). There is also an older utility called <tt>snooze</tt> available from the same sites that just puts the PowerBook to sleep.
PowerBooks don't support the APM specification, but they have a separate protocol for their PMU (Power Management Unit). There is a free (GPL) daemon called <tt>pmud</tt> that handles power management; it can monitor the battery level, put the machine to sleep, and set different levels of power consumption. It was written by Stephan Leemburg &lt;stephan at jvc.nl&gt;, and is available from PPC distribution ftp sites (e.g. ftp://ftp.linuxppc.com/contrib/software/Utilities/System/). There is also an older utility called <tt>snooze</tt> available from the same sites that just puts the PowerBook to sleep.
<sect1>Turn Monitor off, use Keyboard LEDs
<p>
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ The purpose of <tt>xscreensaver</tt> is to display pretty pictures on your scree
<sect1>Energy Star Label
<p>
Robert Horn &lt;rjh@world.std.com&gt; wrote: &dquot;
Robert Horn &lt;rjh at world.std.com&gt; wrote: &dquot;
<p>
I had a chance to discuss Energy Star with the designers of desktop printers. They confirmed that the allowable stand-by power targets depend on the device, and they only knew their targets. But they made some other interesting comments:
<enum>
@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ Linux doesn't support the 286 CPU family yet. But there are some efforts at ELKS
If you like, you may use <url url="http://www.cs.vu.nl/&tilde;ast/minix.html" name="Minix"> one of the predecessors of Linux. Minix supports 8088 to 286 with as little as 640K memory.
Of course there are also ports to other systems, such as ALPHA, PowerPC, etc. For details about systems which are supported by the Linux Kernel, see the <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.html" name="Linux FAQ"> .
Of course there are also ports to other systems, such as ALPHA, PowerPC, etc. For details about systems which are supported by the Linux Kernel, see the <url url="http://www.tldp.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.html" name="Linux FAQ"> .
<!-- http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/iwj10/linux-faq/ -->
The ARM is a fast AND low-power alternative. For example, the Corel/Rebel Netwinder is based on the ARM processor see <url url="http://www.rebel.com" name="Rebel"> and <url url="http://developer.intel.com/design/strong/" name="Strong-ARM">.
@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ There are different types of techniques to gain more disk space, such as sharing
<item>
Stripping: Though many distributions come with stripped binaries today it is useful to check this. For details see <tt>man strip</tt>. To find every unstripped file you can use the <tt>file</tt> command or more convenient the tool <tt>findstrip</tt>. Attention: don't strip libraries, sometimes the wrong symbols are removed due to a bad programming technique.
<p>
A recommendation from Russell Marks &lt;rus@beeb.net&gt;:
A recommendation from Russell Marks &lt;rus at beeb.net&gt;:
<p>
These days a lot of people compile with <tt>-g</tt>, which I find a bit annoying (though AFAIK this <it>only</it> loses you disk space, in practice).
<p>
@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ Kernel: If your needs are fitted with an older kernel version, you can save some
<item>
GUI: Avoid as much Graphical User Interface (GUI) as possible.
<item>Tiny Distributions: There are some distributions available which fit from one 3.5&dquot; floppy to 10MB disk space and fit for small memories, too. See <url url="http://mobilix.org/howtos.html" name="Laptop-HOWTO"></item>
<item>Tiny Distributions: There are some distributions available which fit from one 3.5&dquot; floppy to 10MB disk space and fit for small memories, too. See <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/howtos.html" name="Laptop-HOWTO"></item>
<item>
<url url="http://www.innominate.org/~phillips/tailmerge/" name="Tailmerging"> for Ext2: Tailmerging is a technique that helps save space on a filesystem with large blocks and many small files. Tailmerging for Ext2 is an experimental extension for ext2 that packs together tail blocks of several files into a shared block.
@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ Use the tool <tt>hdparm</tt> to set up better harddisk performance. Though I hav
<enum>
<item>
Small-Memory-mini-HOWTO by Todd Burgess &lt;tburgess@uoguelph.ca &gt; <url url="http://eddie.cis.uoguelph.ca/&tilde;tburgess" name=" http://eddie.cis.uoguelph.ca/&tilde;tburgess">
Small-Memory-mini-HOWTO by Todd Burgess &lt;tburgess at uoguelph.ca &gt; <url url="http://eddie.cis.uoguelph.ca/&tilde;tburgess" name=" http://eddie.cis.uoguelph.ca/&tilde;tburgess">
<item>
<url url="http://website.lineone.net/~brichardson/linux/4mb_laptops/" name="4MB Laptop-HOWTO"> by Bruce Richardson.
@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ blackbox - &dquot;This is a window manager for X. It is similar in many respects
linux-lite - distribution based on a 1.x.x kernel for systems with only 2MB memory and 10MB harddisk. URL see above.
<item>
smallLinux - <url url ="http://smalllinux.netpedia.net/" name=" http://smalllinux.netpedia.net/"> . Three disk micro-distribution of Linux and utilities. Based on kernel 1.2.11. Root disk is ext2 format and has <tt>fdisk</tt> and <tt>mkfs.ext2</tt> so that a harddisk install can be done. Useful to boot up on old machines with less than 4MB of RAM.
smallLinux - <url url="http://www.superant.com/smalllinux/" name="http://www.superant.com/smalllinux/"> . Three disk micro-distribution of Linux and utilities. Based on kernel 1.2.11. Root disk is ext2 format and has <tt>fdisk</tt> and <tt>mkfs.ext2</tt> so that a harddisk install can be done. Useful to boot up on old machines with less than 4MB of RAM.
<item>
cLIeNUX - client-use-oriented Linux distribution.
@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ cLIeNUX - client-use-oriented Linux distribution.
minix - not a Linux but a UNIX useful for very small systems, such as 286 CPU and 640K RAM <url url="http://www.cs.vu.nl/&tilde;ast/minix.html" name="http://www.cs.vu.nl/&tilde;ast/minix.html"> . There is even X support named mini-x by David I. Bell <url url="ftp://ftp.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/alan/" name="ftp://ftp.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/alan/"> .
<item>
<tt>screen</tt> - tiny but powerful console manager. John M. Fisk &lt;fiskjm@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu&gt; in LINUX GAZETTE July 1, 1996 :&dquot;It's a GUI, GUI, GUI, GUI world! &dquot; - or so the major OS manufacturers would have you belief. Truth is, that while this is increasingly the case, there are times when the command line interface (CLI) is still a very good choice for getting things done. It's fast, generally efficient, and is a good choice on memory or CPU constrained machines. And don't forget that there are still a lot of very nifty things that can be done <it>at the console</it>.&dquot; &dquot;<tt>screen</tt> is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical terminal between several processes, typically interactive shells. Each virtual terminal provides the functions of the DEC VT100 terminal and, in addition, several control functions from the ANSI X3.64 (ISO 6429) and ISO 2022 standards (e.g., insert/delete line and support for multiple character sets). Real multiuser support, split screen support, hardstatus emulation support, configurable window seperator and hardstatus strings, permanent window seperator, many new escapes, logfile timestamps and flush timeout, optional builtin telnet, optional Braille support, support for history compaction.&dquot;
<tt>screen</tt> - tiny but powerful console manager. John M. Fisk &lt;fiskjm at ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu&gt; in <url url="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue01to08/lg_issue7.html#screen" name="LINUX GAZETTE"> <!-- July 1, 1996 --> : &dquot;It's a GUI, GUI, GUI, GUI world! &dquot; - or so the major OS manufacturers would have you belief. Truth is, that while this is increasingly the case, there are times when the command line interface (CLI) is still a very good choice for getting things done. It's fast, generally efficient, and is a good choice on memory or CPU constrained machines. And don't forget that there are still a lot of very nifty things that can be done <it>at the console</it>.&dquot; &dquot;<tt>screen</tt> is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical terminal between several processes, typically interactive shells. Each virtual terminal provides the functions of the DEC VT100 terminal and, in addition, several control functions from the ANSI X3.64 (ISO 6429) and ISO 2022 standards (e.g., insert/delete line and support for multiple character sets). Real multiuser support, split screen support, hardstatus emulation support, configurable window seperator and hardstatus strings, permanent window seperator, many new escapes, logfile timestamps and flush timeout, optional builtin telnet, optional Braille support, support for history compaction.&dquot;
<item>
tinyirc - &dquot;A tiny, stripped down IRC Client. Doesn't have most of the more advance commands in the ircII family of IRC Clients, nor does it have any color, but it works, and it's tiny.&dquot;
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ The objective of the <url url="http://home.zonnet.nl/vanrein/badram/" name="BadR
<sect1>Other Operating Systems
<p>
Courtesy of George White &lt;gwhite@bodnext.bio.dfo.ca&gt;:
Courtesy of George White &lt;gwhite at bodnext.bio.dfo.ca&gt;:
Or you can buy an older computer (SGI, Sun, NeXT) that comes with unix and is capable of running a wide range of open source software. In some cases (SGI Indigo2) you can still run current OS versions, in others you may do better with an open source OS such as Linux, but in either case you have access to lots of good software and tools to write your own.
@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ Turn that light off when not in use!
<sect>Uninterruptable Power Supply - UPS
<p>
You should use a UPS if you have many thunderstorms in the area. That will save hardware, software, your time, and money, and help prevent you from throwing out that old monitor, CPU, or modem when it gets trashed by lightening. For details consult the <url url="http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/UPS-HOWTO.html" name="UPS-HOWTO">.
You should use a UPS if you have many thunderstorms in the area. That will save hardware, software, your time, and money, and help prevent you from throwing out that old monitor, CPU, or modem when it gets trashed by lightening. For details consult the <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/UPS-HOWTO.html" name="UPS-HOWTO">.
<p>
UPSs do save hardware, save work, etc. In areas prone to lightening, they could save hours of work each week, potentially translating into power savings. They do save hardware in areas prone to power outages. There is some concern over their additional usage of AC power. If anyone has any studies or research on this issue, could they please forward it to us? That would be an interesting question to post to APC, BEST, etc.
@ -742,21 +742,50 @@ The <url url="http://www.ecotopia.org" name="EcoTopia"> web site uses computer s
<p>
<itemize>
<item>
Though I searched the WWW, I couldn't find neither a dedicated newsgroup nor a mailing list yet. So I decided to create the Eco-Com mailing list. You can subscribe to this list via email. Write to &lt;eco_com-subscribe@listbot.com&gt;, and you will be sent a verification message.
<item>
Though I searched the WWW, I couldn't find neither a dedicated newsgroup
nor a mailing list yet. Please let me know of such projects, otherwise
I will create a list a FreeLists.org .
<item>
<url url="http://www.repairfaq.org" name="Repair FAQ"> .
<item>
<url url="http://www.ncsc.dni.us/fun/user/tcc/cmuseum/helpline/helpline.htm" name="Obsolete Computer Helpline"> .
<item>
<url url="http://come.to/386" name="386 World"> by Gaute Hvoslef Kvalnes &lt;386@altavista.net&gt; . He provides one of the greatest recources available on 386 computers and software. Though his work is mainly related to MS-Windows, he also supports Linux.
<url url="http://come.to/386" name="386 World"> by Gaute Hvoslef Kvalnes &lt;386 at altavista.net&gt; . He provides one of the greatest recources available on 386 computers and software. Though his work is mainly related to MS-Windows, he also supports Linux.
<item>
&dquot;The <url url="http://www.lib.uidaho.edu" name="Electronic Green Journal">, published by the University of Idaho Library, is a professional, refereed publication devoted to disseminating information concerning sources on international environmental topics including: assessment, conservation, development, disposal, education, hazards, pollution, resources, technology, and treatment. We are academically sponsored; our focus, however, is to publish articles, bibliographies, reviews, and announcements for the educated generalist as well as the specialist. We welcome original contributions from authors on any of the above topics.&dquot; . You may also find a survey about Environmental Resources on the World Wide Web there.
<item>
BAN is a global network of toxics and development activist organizations that
share a vision of international environmental justice. We seek to prevent all
forms of "toxic trade" -- in toxic wastes, toxic products and toxic
technologies. BAN members will work nationally, regionally and globally to
accomplish the following mission:
<item>
The
<url url="http://www.ban.org" name="Basel Action Network (BAN)">
works to prevent the globalization of the toxic
chemical crisis. In particular, we seek to ensure that the Basel Convention
and its ban (Decisions II/12 and III/1) on the export of hazardous wastes from
OECD to non-OECD countries will not be weakened, but rather ratified and
implemented at the earliest possible date. We also seek to ensure that the
Basel Convention and other instruments and efforts, serve to prevent the trade
and growth of the world's most hazardous, and often obsolete industries,
particularly with respect to developing or newly industrializing countries.
<item>
<url url="http://www.svtc.org" name="Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition (SVTC)">
is a diverse grassroots coalition that
for almost twenty years has engaged in research, advocacy, and organizing
associated with environmental and human health problems caused by the rapid
growth of the high-tech electronics industry. Our goal in addressing these
problems is to advance environmental sustainability and clean production in the
industry and to improve health, promote justice, and ensure democratic
decision-making for communities and workers affected by the high-tech
revolution in Silicon Valley and other high-tech areas of the US and the world.
</itemize>
<sect>Credits
@ -764,36 +793,37 @@ Though I searched the WWW, I couldn't find neither a dedicated newsgroup nor a m
Thanks to:
<itemize>
<item>Hristo Bojinov &lt;hib@mit.edu&gt;
<item>Thomas Boutell &lt;boutell@boutell.com&gt;
<item>Lionel &dquot;trollhunter&dquot; Bouchpan-Lerust-Juery&lt;trollhunter@linuxfr.org&gt;
<item>Ben De Rydt &lt;ben.de.rydt@pandora.be&gt;
<item>Richie Gan &lt;csardas@gate.sinica.edu.tw&gt;
<item>Andreas Gohr &lt;ballermann@&gt;
<item>Wade W. Hampton &lt;whampton@staffnet.com&gt;
<item>Malcolm Herbert &lt;Malcolm.Herbert@fulcrum.com.au&gt;
<item>Robert Hoehne &lt;hoehne@eng.usf.edu&gt;
<item>Robert Horn &lt;rjh@world.std.com&gt;
<item>Larry Lade &lt;lade@midco.net&gt;
<item>Verena Lorenz-Meyer &lt;lome@cs.tu-berlin.de&gt;
<item>Russell Marks &lt;rus@beeb.net&gt;
<item>Don Marti &lt;dmarti@varesearch.com&gt;
<item>Jun Morimoto &lt;morimoto@xantia.citroen.org&gt;
<item>Hanno Mueller &lt;kontakt@hanno.de&gt;
<item>Ralf Muschall &lt;rmuschall.fih@t-online.de&gt;
<item>Martin &lt;Niteskate@aol.com&gt;
<item>Klaus Peichl &lt;pei@iis.fhg.de&gt;
<item>Daniel Pirone &lt;cocteau@wact.net&gt;
<item>Martin Pool &lt;martinp@mincom.com&gt;
<item>Bernhard Reiter &lt;bernhard@uwm.edu&gt;
<item>Matthias Scheller &lt;mscheller@access.diax.ch&gt;
<item>Georg Schwarz &lt;schwarz@physik.tu-berlin.de&gt;
<item>Victor Solymossy &lt;victor@lig.dq.ufscar.br&gt;
<item>Knut Suebert &lt;ksueber@gwdg.de&gt;
<item>Charlie Triplett &lt;crtfcc@missouri.edu&gt;
<item>Sotiris Vassilopoulos &lt;Sotiris.Vassilopoulos@betatech.gr&gt;
<item>George White &lt;gwhite@bodnext.bio.dfo.ca&gt;
<item>Yan Wong &lt;yan.wong@linacre.ox.ac.uk&gt;
<item>Hristo Bojinov &lt;hib at mit.edu&gt;
<item>Thomas Boutell &lt;boutell at boutell.com&gt;
<item>Lionel &dquot;trollhunter&dquot; Bouchpan-Lerust-Juery&lt;trollhunter at linuxfr.org&gt;
<item>Ben De Rydt &lt;ben.de.rydt at pandora.be&gt;
<item>Richie Gan &lt;csardas at gate.sinica.edu.tw&gt;
<item><url url="http://bogmog.sourceforge.net" name="Andreas Gohr"> &lt;a.gohr at web.de&gt;
<item>Jeandre &lt;jeandre at techie.com&gt;
<item>Wade W. Hampton &lt;whampton at staffnet.com&gt;
<item>Malcolm Herbert &lt;Malcolm.Herbert at fulcrum.com.au&gt;
<item>Robert Hoehne &lt;hoehne at eng.usf.edu&gt;
<item>Robert Horn &lt;rjh at world.std.com&gt;
<item>Larry Lade &lt;lade at midco.net&gt;
<item>Verena Lorenz-Meyer &lt;lome at cs.tu-berlin.de&gt;
<item>Russell Marks &lt;rus at beeb.net&gt;
<item>Don Marti &lt;dmarti at varesearch.com&gt;
<item>Jun Morimoto &lt;morimoto at xantia.citroen.org&gt;
<item>Hanno Mueller &lt;kontakt at hanno.de&gt;
<item>Ralf Muschall &lt;rmuschall.fih at t-online.de&gt;
<item>Martin &lt;Niteskate at aol.com&gt;
<item>Klaus Peichl &lt;pei at iis.fhg.de&gt;
<item>Daniel Pirone &lt;cocteau at wact.net&gt;
<item>Martin Pool &lt;martinp at mincom.com&gt;
<item>Bernhard Reiter &lt;bernhard at uwm.edu&gt;
<item>Matthias Scheller &lt;mscheller at access.diax.ch&gt;
<item>Georg Schwarz &lt;schwarz at physik.tu-berlin.de&gt;
<item>Victor Solymossy &lt;victor at lig.dq.ufscar.br&gt;
<item>Knut Suebert &lt;ksueber at gwdg.de&gt;
<item>Charlie Triplett &lt;crtfcc at missouri.edu&gt;
<item>Sotiris Vassilopoulos &lt;Sotiris.Vassilopoulos at betatech.gr&gt;
<item>George White &lt;gwhite at bodnext.bio.dfo.ca&gt;
<item>Yan Wong &lt;yan.wong at linacre.ox.ac.uk&gt;
</itemize>
@ -817,11 +847,13 @@ Thanks to:
<item>v0.8, 4 November 2000, some more hints on using small space and small memory added, new chapter about Linux applications for old hardware, some more hints how to save paper included, proposal of Portuguese translation, links updated, new document URL, minor changes
<item>v0.9, 27 February 2003, some links corrected (TuxMobil.org, tldp.org), minor changes
</itemize>
<sect>Copyright and Disclaimer
<p>
Copyright &copy; 1999 by Werner Heuser. This document may be distributed under the terms set forth in the LDP license at <url url="http://linuxdoc.org/COPYRIGHT.html" name="COPYRIGHT">.
Copyright &copy; 1999-2003 by Werner Heuser. This document may be distributed under the terms set forth in the LDP license at <url url="http://tldp.org/COPYRIGHT.html" name="COPYRIGHT">.
<p>
The information in this document is correct to the best of my knowledge, but there's a always a chance I've made some mistakes, so don't follow everything too blindly, especially if it seems wrong. Nothing here should have a detrimental effect on your computer, but just in case I take no responsibility for any damages incurred from the use of the information contained herein. All trademarks belong to their owners.
@ -829,13 +861,13 @@ The information in this document is correct to the best of my knowledge, but the
<p>
<sect1>Battery
<p>
Has to be written. See <url url="http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Battery-Powered.html" name="LDP - Battery-HOWTO"> by Hanno Mueller, too.
Has to be written. See <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/Battery-Powered.html" name="LDP - Battery-HOWTO"> by Hanno Mueller, too.
<p>
<tt> apmd-rhcn-2.4phil-1</tt> by RedHat <url url="ftp://rhcn.redhat.com/pub/rhcn/" name="ftp://rhcn.redhat.com/pub/rhcn/"> contains an unofficial patch for shutting down the PCMCIA sockets before a suspend and patches for multiple batteries.
<sect1>PCMCIA Card Services and Advanced Power Management
<p>
Quoted from the <url url="http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/PCMCIA-HOWTO.html" name="LDP - PCMCIA-HOWTO ">: &quot;Card Services can be compiled with support for APM (Advanced Power Management) if you've configured your kernel with APM support. ... The PCMCIA modules will automatically be configured for APM if a compatible version is detected on your system. Whether or not APM is configured, you can use <tt>cardctl suspend</tt> before suspending your laptop, and <tt>cardctl resume</tt> after resuming, to cleanly shut down and restart your PCMCIA cards. This will not work with a modem that is in use, because the serial driver isn't able to save and restore the modem operating parameters. APM seems to be unstable on some systems. If you experience trouble with APM and PCMCIA on your system, try to narrow down the problem to one package or the other before reporting a bug. Some drivers, notably the PCMCIA SCSI drivers, cannot recover from a suspend/resume cycle. When using a PCMCIA SCSI card, always use <tt>cardctl eject</tt> prior to suspending the system.&quot;
Quoted from the <url url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/PCMCIA-HOWTO.html" name="LDP - PCMCIA-HOWTO ">: &quot;Card Services can be compiled with support for APM (Advanced Power Management) if you've configured your kernel with APM support. ... The PCMCIA modules will automatically be configured for APM if a compatible version is detected on your system. Whether or not APM is configured, you can use <tt>cardctl suspend</tt> before suspending your laptop, and <tt>cardctl resume</tt> after resuming, to cleanly shut down and restart your PCMCIA cards. This will not work with a modem that is in use, because the serial driver isn't able to save and restore the modem operating parameters. APM seems to be unstable on some systems. If you experience trouble with APM and PCMCIA on your system, try to narrow down the problem to one package or the other before reporting a bug. Some drivers, notably the PCMCIA SCSI drivers, cannot recover from a suspend/resume cycle. When using a PCMCIA SCSI card, always use <tt>cardctl eject</tt> prior to suspending the system.&quot;
<p>
You should use the internal modem in a laptop instead of a PCMCIA modem, if possible (it may be a WinModem).
@ -873,7 +905,7 @@ KDE <url url="http://www.kde.org" name="http://www.kde.org"> provides <it>KAPM</
Similar packages you may find at the GNOME project <url url="http://www.gnome.org/" name=" http://www.gnome.org/"> . See the software maps at both sites.
<item>
Please see Battery Powered Linux Mini-HOWTO by Hanno Mueller, hanno@lava.de <url url="http://www.lava.de/&tilde;hanno/" name="http://www.lava.de/&tilde;hanno/"> for more information.
Please see Battery Powered Linux Mini-HOWTO by Hanno Mueller, hanno at lava.de <url url="http://www.lava.de/&tilde;hanno/" name="http://www.lava.de/&tilde;hanno/"> for more information.
<item>
<tt>toshiba-fan</tt> Turn the fan on a Toshiba Pentium laptop on or off. This is a command line utility to turn the fan of a Toshiba laptop on or off, or view its current state. It should work on all Toshiba Pentium laptops that have fans.
@ -918,7 +950,7 @@ To save power for the display, one could purchase a LCD monitor instead of a CRT
<p>
Make sure that any new computer purchase includes APM-compliant hardware and low-radiation. Use TCO, DPMS or Energy Star compliant monitors.
<p>
R Horn &lt;rjh@world.std.com&gt; wrote: &dquot; I personally have found the <url url="http://eande.lbl.gov/" name="Lawrence Berkeley Labs - LBL"> web site to be the best source for information on energy efficient equipment. They go into considerable details on how to reduce energy consumption from many kinds of equipment, including much more than computers. They also have a good collection of links to related sites. The Energy Star program is defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency, which has a web site on it. So far all of the Energy Star regulations have been defined to reduce energy usage without requireing change or restrictions on regular usage. There is an amazingly large amount of electricity consumed by idle equipment (computers, televisions, microwave ovens,...) and also large amounts consumed unnecessarily by equipment that must be continuously one (emergency exit signs, traffic lights, ...). Since this energy can be saved without asking users to make any compromises on performance, it is being targeted first.
R Horn &lt;rjh at world.std.com&gt; wrote: &dquot; I personally have found the <url url="http://eande.lbl.gov/" name="Lawrence Berkeley Labs - LBL"> web site to be the best source for information on energy efficient equipment. They go into considerable details on how to reduce energy consumption from many kinds of equipment, including much more than computers. They also have a good collection of links to related sites. The Energy Star program is defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency, which has a web site on it. So far all of the Energy Star regulations have been defined to reduce energy usage without requireing change or restrictions on regular usage. There is an amazingly large amount of electricity consumed by idle equipment (computers, televisions, microwave ovens,...) and also large amounts consumed unnecessarily by equipment that must be continuously one (emergency exit signs, traffic lights, ...). Since this energy can be saved without asking users to make any compromises on performance, it is being targeted first.
<p>
Somewhere on the LBL web site they have the actual power consumption figures for various PCs. The 300W power supply is quite misleading. Actual power usage varies depending upon what programs you run and whether the disks can be powered down. Genuine usage while in operation is usually in the 50-75W range. When the system is idle, it drops significantly.
<p>

176
LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Laptop-HOWTO.sgml
View File

@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
<!doctype linuxdoc system>
<article>
<title>Linux Laptop-HOWTO
<author>Werner Heuser <htmlurl url ="mailto:wehe@mobilix.org" name="&lt;wehe@mobilix.org&gt;">
<date>v2.2a, 3 November 2000
<author>Werner Heuser <htmlurl url ="mailto:wehe@tuxmobil.org" name="&lt;wehe@tuxmobil.org&gt;">
<date>v2.2b, 27 February 2003
<abstract>
Laptops are different from desktops/towers. They use certain hardware such as PCMCIA cards, infrared ports, batteries, docking stations. Often their hardware is more limited (e.g. disk space, CPU speed), though the performance gap is becoming smaller. In many instances, laptops can become a desktop replacement.
@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ Life is the first gift, love is the second, and understanding is the third. -- <
<sect1>About the Author
<p>
People like either <idx>laptops</idx> or <idx>desktops</idx>. I like to work with laptops rather than with desktops. I like Linux too. My first HOWTO was the <url url="http://mobilix.org/howtos.html" name="Linux/IR-HOWTO"> about infrared support for Linux. My second is this one and my third the Ecology-HOWTO, about some ways to use Linux in an ecology aware manner.
People like either <idx>laptops</idx> or <idx>desktops</idx>. I like to work with laptops rather than with desktops. I like Linux too. My first HOWTO was the <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/howtos.html" name="Linux/IR-HOWTO"> about infrared support for Linux. My second is this one and my third the Ecology-HOWTO, about some ways to use Linux in an ecology aware manner.
<p>
Also I have written some pages about Linux with certain laptops: <url url="http://mobilix.org/echos133.html" name="Olivetti Echos 133 DM (German)"> (together with Kurt Saetzler), <url url="http://mobilix.org/hp800e.html" name="HP OmniBook 800CT">, <url url="http://mobilix.org/hp3100e.html" name="HP OmniBook 3100"> (together with Friedhelm Kueck) <url url="http://mobilix.org/armada1592dte.html" name="COMPAQ Armada 1592 DT"> and <url url="http://mobilix.org/c286lte.html" name="COMMODORE C286LT">.
Also I have written some pages about Linux with certain laptops: <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/echos133.html" name="Olivetti Echos 133 DM (German)"> (together with Kurt Saetzler), <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/hp800e.html" name="HP OmniBook 800CT">, <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/hp3100e.html" name="HP OmniBook 3100"> (together with Friedhelm Kueck) <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/armada1592dte.html" name="COMPAQ Armada 1592 DT"> and <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/c286lte.html" name="COMMODORE C286LT">.
<p>
During the work with the Laptop-HOWTO I have collected some surveys about laptop related hardware: <url url="http://mobilix.org/graphic_linux.html" name="graphic chips">, <it>unofficially</it> <url url="http://mobilix.org/pcmcia_linux.html" name="supported PCMCIA cards">, <url url="http://mobilix.org/modem_linux.html" name="internal modems"> and <url url="http://mobilix.org/ir_misc.html" name="infrared chips">.
During the work with the Laptop-HOWTO I have collected some surveys about laptop related hardware: <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/graphic_linux.html" name="graphic chips">, <it>unofficially</it> <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/pcmcia_linux.html" name="supported PCMCIA cards">, <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/modem_linux.html" name="internal modems"> and <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/ir_misc.html" name="infrared chips">.
<p>
But I don't claim to be a laptop guru, I just had the opportunity to install Linux on some laptops and I simply want to share the information I collected.
<p>
@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ Since I don't own a non-Intel based machine, this HOWTO might not contain all th
<sect1>Sponsoring
<p>
This HOWTO is free of charge and free in the sense of the General Public Licence - GPL. Though it requires much work and could gain more quality if I would have some more hardware. So if you have a spare laptop, even an old one or one which requires repair, please let me know. Especially I need one with infrared port, USB port, DVD drive, WinModem and a non Intel machine. The according chapters need a major rewrite. For the curious, this HOWTO is written on a <url url="http://mobilix.org/hp800e.html" name="HP OmniBook 800CT 5/100">.
This HOWTO is free of charge and free in the sense of the General Public Licence - GPL. Though it requires much work and could gain more quality if I would have some more hardware. So if you have a spare laptop, even an old one or one which requires repair, please let me know. Especially I need one with infrared port, USB port, DVD drive, WinModem and a non Intel machine. The according chapters need a major rewrite. For the curious, this HOWTO is written on a <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/hp800e.html" name="HP OmniBook 800CT 5/100">.
<p>
Or sponsor a banner ad at my WWW pages <url url="http://mobilix.org/ " name="MobiliX">.
Or sponsor a banner ad at my WWW pages <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/ " name="TuxMobil">.
<p>
You can hire me for readings or workshops on <it>Linux with Laptops</it>, <it>Repairing of Laptops</it> and other Linux topics, too.
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Many times I have mentioned <it>MetaLab</it> formerly known as <it>SunSite</it>.
<p>
For <it>Debian/GNU Linux</it> the mirror URLs are organized in this scheme <tt>http://www.&lt;country code, e.g. uk&gt;.debian.org</tt> .
<p>
This text is included in the <url url="http://linuxdoc.org/" name="LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT - LDP"> .
This text is included in the <url url="http://tldp.org/" name="LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT - LDP"> .
<p>
Richard Worwood mirrors this HOWTO at <url url="http://www.felch01.demon.co.uk/laptop-howto.html" name="http://www.felch01.demon.co.uk/laptop-howto.html"> .
<p>
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Please contact me before starting a translation to avoid double work. Since a tr
<p>
Nearly all of the programms I mention are available as <url url="http://www.debian.org" name="Debian/GNU Linux"> packages, or as RPM packages, look up your favorite RPM server, for instance <url url="http://rufus.w3.org/linux/RPM/ByName.html" name="RUFUS"> .
<p>
The latest version of this document is available in different formats at <url url="http://mobilix.org/" name="MobiliX"> .
The latest version of this document is available in different formats at <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/" name="TuxMobil"> .
<sect1>Contact
<p>
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ This document isn't ready yet. If you like to write a chapter or even a smaller
<p>
Since I want to write much more stuff about mobile computing and Linux I'm thinking about turning this HOWTO into a book.
<p>
Werner Heuser &lt;wehe@mobilix.org&gt;
Werner Heuser &lt;wehe@tuxmobil.org&gt;
<sect>Copyright, Disclaimer and Trademarks
<p>
@ -142,7 +142,11 @@ Watches, digital pens, calculators, digital cameras, cellular phones and other w
<p>
Due to a lack of support by some <idx>hardware manufacturers</idx>, not every feature of a laptop is always supported or fully operational. The main devices which may cause trouble are: graphic chip, IrDA port, sound card, PCMCIA controller , PnP devices and internal modem. Please try to get as much information about these topics before buying a laptop. But often it isn't quite easy to get the necessary information. Sometimes even the specifications or the hotline of the manufacturer aren't able to provide the information. Therefore I have included a Linux <idx>Compatibility Check</idx> chapter in the Hardware In Detail sections below.
<p>
Depending on your needs, you might investigate one of the vendors that provide laptops pre-loaded with Linux. By purchasing a pre-loaded Linux laptop, much of the guesswork and time spent downloading additional packages could be avoided. See Kenneth E. Harker's page for a list of vendors <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/" name="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/">.
Depending on your needs, you might investigate one of the vendors that provide
laptops pre-loaded with Linux. By purchasing a pre-loaded Linux laptop, much
of the guesswork and time spent downloading additional packages could be
avoided. See the <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/laptop_manufacturer.html"
name="Linux Laptop Manufacturer Survey">.
<sect1>Main Hardware Features
<p>
@ -192,7 +196,7 @@ For details about systems which are supported by the Linux Kernel, see the <url
<enum>
<item>i286:
Linux doesn't support this CPU family yet. But there are some efforts at <url url="http://www.elks.ecs.soton.ac.uk/" name="ELKS">. If you like, you may use <url url="http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/minix.html" name="Minix"> one of the predecessors of Linux. Minix supports 8088 to 286 with as little as 640K memory. Actually there are some laptops with ELKS around, for instance the <url url="http://mobilix.org/c286lte.html" name="Commodore C286LT">
Linux doesn't support this CPU family yet. But there are some efforts at <url url="http://www.elks.ecs.soton.ac.uk/" name="ELKS">. If you like, you may use <url url="http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/minix.html" name="Minix"> one of the predecessors of Linux. Minix supports 8088 to 286 with as little as 640K memory. Actually there are some laptops with ELKS around, for instance the <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/c286lte.html" name="Commodore C286LT">
<item>i386:
This covers PCs based on Intel-compatible processors, including Intel's 386, 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro and Pentium II, and compatible processors by AMD, Cyrix and others. Most of the currently available laptops use Intel compatible CPUs and have quite good Linux support.
@ -227,7 +231,7 @@ Although some driver support present in Intel based Linux is still missing for L
BTW: The team at <url url="http://www.imaclinux.net" name="iMac Linux"> has managed to get the iMac DV to boot Linux to a usable point. You may get information about the iBook there as well.
<item>Alpha, Sparc, Sparc64 architectures:
These are currently under construction. AFAIK there are only the Tadpole SPARC and ALPHA laptops, and some other ALPHA laptops available. For a current survey look at Kenneth E. Harker's <it>Linux on Laptops without x86 Family Processors</it> at <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/non-intel.html" name="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/non-intel.html"> .
These are currently under construction. AFAIK there are only the Tadpole SPARC and ALPHA laptops, and some other ALPHA laptops available.
<item>StrongARM:
a very low-power CPU found in Rebel.com's popular NetWinder (some kind of mobile computer, too),
@ -284,7 +288,7 @@ Specifications, manuals and manufacturer support often are not helpful. Therefor
<enum>
<item>
Highly recommended is the survey by Kenneth E. Harker <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/" name=" http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/"> .</item>
Highly recommended is the survey by Kenneth E. Harker <url url="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/" name=" http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/"> .</item>
<item>
<url url="ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/laptops/" name=" ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/laptops/"> .</item>
@ -407,7 +411,7 @@ To check the surface of the harddisk you may take <tt>e2fsck</tt>. There is also
To test the entire disk (non-destructively), time it for performance, and determine its size, as root do: <tt>time dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/null bs=1024k</tt> .
<item>
Check wether the machine seems stolen. I have provided a <url url="http://mobilix.org/stolen_laptops.html" name="survey of databases for stolen laptops">.
Check wether the machine seems stolen. I have provided a <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/stolen_laptops.html" name="survey of databases for stolen laptops">.
</enum>
@ -451,7 +455,7 @@ Add a <it>convenient PPP dialer</it> with an address book, that does not try to
<p>
The <url url="http://www.debian.org" name="Debian/GNU Linux"> has most of the desired features for a laptop installation. The distribution has a quite flexible installation tool. The installation process is well documented, especially concerning the methods which are useful at laptops. All the binaries are tiny, because they are stripped. A mailing list <it>debian-laptop</it> including a searchable archiv is provided. And Debian/GNU Linux is free.
<p>
At the end of August 1999 the <url url="http://mobilix.org/debian_linux.html" name="Debian Laptop Distribution - Proposal"> was issued. And some more laptop related packages and a Debian <it>meta-package</it> dedicated to laptops are on the way.
At the end of August 1999 the <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/debian_linux.html" name="Debian Laptop Distribution - Proposal"> was issued. And some more laptop related packages and a Debian <it>meta-package</it> dedicated to laptops are on the way.
<p>
Note: I know other Linux distributions work well with laptops, too. I even tried some of them, see my pages about certain laptops mentioned above.
@ -566,7 +570,7 @@ This is a short description of how to install from a CD-ROM under DOS without us
</enum>
This should work for other distributions with similar changes. For RedHat see <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/install&lowbar;advice.html" name="How to Install from CD-ROM without Boot and Supplemental Disks"> .
This should work for other distributions with similar changes. For RedHat see <url url="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/install&lowbar;advice.html" name="How to Install from CD-ROM without Boot and Supplemental Disks"> .
<p>
Some new laptops may be able to boot a Linux distribution on a bootable CD-ROM (e.g., RedHat). This would allow installation without a floppy disk drive.
@ -825,7 +829,7 @@ If your card is not in <file>/etc/pcmcia/config</file>, edit the file <file>/etc
<item>
A list of supported cards is included in the PCMCIA-CS package. The current list you may find at <url url="http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net" name=" SUPPORTED.CARDS">.
<p>
Since there are not all cards mentioned I have set up a page <url url="http://mobilix.org/pcmcia_linux.html" name="PCMCIA Cards &dquot;Unofficially&dquot; Supported by Linux"> .
Since there are not all cards mentioned I have set up a page <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/pcmcia_linux.html" name="PCMCIA Cards &dquot;Unofficially&dquot; Supported by Linux"> .
<item>
If you use X, you can use <tt>cardinfo</tt> to insert, suspend, or restart a PCMCIA card via a nice graphical interface.
@ -953,7 +957,7 @@ WARNING: The package is not intended for the end user, and some of the utilities
<sect3>Hardware Survey
<p>
I have made a hardware survey at <url url="http://mobilix.org/ir_misc.html" name="http:/www.snafu.de/~wehe/ir_misc.html">. This list also contains information about infrared capable devices which are not mentioned here (mice, printers, remote control, transceivers, etc.).
I have made a hardware survey at <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/ir_misc.html" name="http:/www.snafu.de/~wehe/ir_misc.html">. This list also contains information about infrared capable devices which are not mentioned here (mice, printers, remote control, transceivers, etc.).
<p>
To make this list more valuable, it is necessary to collect more information about the infrared devices in different hardware. You can help by sending me a short e-mail containing the exact name of the hardware you have and which type of infrared controller is used.
<p>
@ -975,7 +979,7 @@ Linux/IR-HOWTO</item>
<p>
<sect3>IrDA
<p>
The Linux infrared support is still experimental, but rapidly improving. I try to describe the installation in a short survey. Please read my <url url="http://mobilix.org/howtos.html" name="Linux/IR-HOWTO"> for detailed information.
The Linux infrared support is still experimental, but rapidly improving. I try to describe the installation in a short survey. Please read my <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/howtos.html" name="Linux/IR-HOWTO"> for detailed information.
<sect4>Kernel
<p>
@ -1104,7 +1108,7 @@ If you can't get an appropriate X server working, but don't want to effort a com
<sect2>Resources
<p>
You may find a survey about X windows resources at Kenneth E. Harker's page <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/" name="Linux on Laptops"> and a survey about current graphic chips used in laptops at <url url="http://mobilix.org/" name="MobiliX">.
You may find a survey about X windows resources at Kenneth E. Harker's page <url url="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/" name="Linux on Laptops"> and a survey about current graphic chips used in laptops at <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/" name="TuxMobil">.
<sect2>External Monitor
<p>
@ -1361,7 +1365,7 @@ The utilities for <it>userland</it> support may be found at <url url="http://wor
When you first install Linux, you will probably have to recompile the kernel. The kernel that came with your distribution probably does not have APM enabled.
Please see the Battery Powered Linux Mini-HOWTO by &lt;kontakt@hanno.de&gt; <url url="http://www.hanno.de" name="Hanno Mueller"> and the page of <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/" name="Kenneth E. Harker"> for detailed information.
Please see the Battery Powered Linux Mini-HOWTO by &lt;kontakt@hanno.de&gt; <url url="http://www.hanno.de" name="Hanno Mueller"> and the page of <url url="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/" name="Kenneth E. Harker"> for detailed information.
<p>
README <tt>apmd</tt>?:On laptop computers, the APM support provides access to battery status
@ -1490,7 +1494,7 @@ The ACPI4Linux project has started at the beginning of 1999. The ACPI4Linux proj
<p>
For information about available battery types, take a look at the Hardware Features chapter above.
Please see Battery Powered Linux Mini-HOWTO by Hanno Mueller &lt;kontakt@hanno.de&gt; <url url="http://www.hanno.de/" name="http://www.hanno.de"> <url url="http://mobilix.org/energy_laptops.html" name="Power Supplies for Laptops - (Draft)"> for further information.
Please see Battery Powered Linux Mini-HOWTO by Hanno Mueller &lt;kontakt@hanno.de&gt; <url url="http://www.hanno.de/" name="http://www.hanno.de"> <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/energy_laptops.html" name="Power Supplies for Laptops - (Draft)"> for further information.
Stephen Rothwell <url url="http://www.canb.auug.org.au/~sfr/" name="http://www.canb.auug.org.au/~sfr/"> is currently integrating a patch that will add multiple battery support to the kernel APM.
@ -1656,7 +1660,7 @@ Probably the cheapest way to connect your laptop to another computer, but quite
<p>
<url url="http://www.unix-ag.uni-siegen.de/~nils/accton&lowbar;linux.html" name="Accton Pocket Ethernet and Linux"> This ethernet adaptor uses a parallel port and delivers approximately 110k Bytes/s throughput for those notebooks that do not have PCMCIA slots.
<url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/linksys.html" name="Linux and Linksys Ethernet Adaptors"> A short note on the use of the Linksys parallel-port ethernet adaptor under Linux. This is a widely available networking adaptor that doesn't require a PCMCIA slot.
<url url="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/linksys.html" name="Linux and Linksys Ethernet Adaptors"> A short note on the use of the Linksys parallel-port ethernet adaptor under Linux. This is a widely available networking adaptor that doesn't require a PCMCIA slot.
<sect3>Parallel &dquot;Null&dquot; Modem Cable
<p>
@ -1676,7 +1680,7 @@ Quotation from the Kernel-FAQ: &dquot;9.Why aren't WinModems supported? (REG, qu
&dquot;<it>Win</it> modems are lobotomized modems which expect Windows to do some of their thinking for them. If you do not have Windows, you do not have a connection. &dquot;
Anyway, I have set up a page collecting information on laptops with internal modems at <url url="http://mobilix.org/" name="http://mobilix.org/"> . Maybe it's possible to run such modems with MS-Windows9x/NT emulators like <tt>wine</tt> or <tt>VMware</tt>, but I don't know it.
Anyway, I have set up a page collecting information on laptops with internal modems at <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/" name="http://tuxmobil.org/"> . Maybe it's possible to run such modems with MS-Windows9x/NT emulators like <tt>wine</tt> or <tt>VMware</tt>, but I don't know it.
<p>
Recently there is a driver for Lucent WinModems (alpha) available at <url url="http://www.suse.cz/development/ltmodem/" name="SuSE - Labs"> and <url url="http://www.close.u-net.com" name="LTModem diagnostic tool">.
@ -1718,7 +1722,7 @@ You should get information about the USB controller with <tt>cat /proc/pci</tt>
<p>
Newer laptops come with the Universal Serial Bus (USB). I haven't tried it on any of my systems because I don't have any USB devices.
<p>
Visit <url url="http://www.linux-usb.org" name="http://www.linux-usb.org"> for the USB Linux home page. Also I have set up a page collecting information about laptops and USB at <url url="http://mobilix.org/" name="MobiliX"> .
Visit <url url="http://www.linux-usb.org" name="http://www.linux-usb.org"> for the USB Linux home page. Also I have set up a page collecting information about laptops and USB at <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/" name="TuxMobil"> .
<sect1>Floppy Drive
<p>
@ -1776,11 +1780,11 @@ Some laptops come with a removable hard disk in a tray, for instance the KAPOK 9
<sect1>Video Port / ZV Port
<p>
Some high end laptops come with a video or ZV port (NTSC/PAL). Since I don't have a laptop with a ZV or video port yet, I can provide only some URLs <url url="http://www.thp.uni-koeln.de/~rjkm/linux/bttv.html" name=" http://www.thp.uni-koeln.de/~rjkm/linux/bttv.html "> (driver) <url url="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~wenk/xwintv.html" name=" http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~wenk/xwintv.html "> (tvviewer). For further information see video4linux at <url url=" http://roadrunner.swansea.uk.linux.org/v4l.shtml" name="http://roadrunner.swansea.uk.linux.org/v4l.shtml">. To collect information about laptops with video port I have setup a page at <url url="http://mobilix.org/" name="http://mobilix.org/"> . Alternatively to the ZV port you might use the USB port.
Some high end laptops come with a video or ZV port (NTSC/PAL). Since I don't have a laptop with a ZV or video port yet, I can provide only some URLs <url url="http://www.thp.uni-koeln.de/~rjkm/linux/bttv.html" name=" http://www.thp.uni-koeln.de/~rjkm/linux/bttv.html "> (driver) <url url="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~wenk/xwintv.html" name=" http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~wenk/xwintv.html "> (tvviewer). For further information see video4linux at <url url=" http://roadrunner.swansea.uk.linux.org/v4l.shtml" name="http://roadrunner.swansea.uk.linux.org/v4l.shtml">. To collect information about laptops with video port I have setup a page at <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/" name="http://tuxmobil.org/"> . Alternatively to the ZV port you might use the USB port.
<sect>Palmtops, Personal Digital Assistants - PDAs, Handheld PCs - HPCs
<p>
Palmtops and PDAs are currently not much covered in this HOWTO. Anyway it may be useful therefore, too. I just include some links, most of them are from <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/" name="Kenneth E. Harker's page"> :
Palmtops and PDAs are currently not much covered in this HOWTO. Anyway it may be useful therefore, too. I just include some links, most of them are from <url url="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/" name="Kenneth E. Harker's page"> :
<enum>
@ -1813,7 +1817,7 @@ For more information on Virtual Network Computing, see <url url="http://www.uk.r
There is also the <url url="http://www.cdpubs.com/hhsys/archives.html" name="Handheld Systems(TM) On-line Archives"> and a search engine about palmtop related topics <url url="http://www.palmtop.net/" name="Palmtop.Net/"> .
<item>
I have setup a small page about <url url="http://mobilix.org/pda_linux.html" name="Linux with PDAs and Handheld PCs">, too.
I have setup a small page about <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/pda_linux.html" name="Linux with PDAs and Handheld PCs">, too.
</enum>
@ -1845,7 +1849,7 @@ For NOKIA cellular phones see <url url="http://multivac.fatburen.org/gnokii/" na
<sect1>Digital Cameras
<p>
For information about cellular phones and digital cameras see some links at my page about <url url="http://mobilix.org/ir_misc.html" name="Linux with Infrared Devices"> and my IR-HOWTO.
For information about cellular phones and digital cameras see some links at my page about <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/ir_misc.html" name="Linux with Infrared Devices"> and my IR-HOWTO.
<p>
Newsgroup: rec.photo.digital .
<p>
@ -1855,7 +1859,7 @@ The Flashpath adapter is a diskette like device which is used to transfer data f
<p>
Information about calculators e.g. HP-48 is at <url url="http://www.hpcalc.org" name="HP-Calculator.Org"> and <url url="http://www.gmi.edu/~madd0118/hp48/" name="Keith's HP-48 Page">. <url url="http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/hp48.html" name="HP-48 Kermit Hints and Tips"> shows how to talk to the HP48 via its serial-line Kermit protocol. The HP-48 may also be used as a <url url="http://panic.et.tudelft.nl/~costar/hp48" name="Linux terminal">.
<p>
See also at my page about <url url="http://mobilix.org/ir_misc.html" name="Linux with Infrared Devices">.
See also at my page about <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/ir_misc.html" name="Linux with Infrared Devices">.
<p>
<url url="http://www.tunbury.demon.co.uk/casio/" name="Backup utility for the CASIO diary">. It is a package ported from DOS to allow communication to the CASIO series of hand-held organizers. It allows backup from CASIO to your computer and restore a backup file from your computer to the CASIO. It can also output human readable file from CASIO. Currently supports: phone, calendar, schedule, memo, and reminder. See also http://www.aloha.net/~alank/ http://www.casioworld.com , http://home.t-online.de/home/Milan.Urosevic/ and http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/
<p>
@ -1917,7 +1921,7 @@ Source: <url url="http://www.lapshop.de" name="http://www.lapshop.de">
<p>
With the command <tt>cardctl ident</tt> you may get information about your card. Put this information into <file>/etc/pcmcia/config.opts</file> if necessary. But this may not be enough to get the card to work, but works sometimes for no-name network cards or modem cards. If you get a card to work or have written a new driver please don't forget to announce this to <url url="http://pcmcia.sourceforge.org" name="the developer of the PCMCIA-CS package David Hinds"> . Look the current issue of his file <url url=" http://pcmcia.sourceforge.org" name="SUPPORTED.CARDS"> to get information about supported cards.
<p>
Since there are not all cards mentioned I have set up a page <url url="http://mobilix.org/" name="PCMCIA Cards &dquot;Unofficially&dquot; Supported by Linux"> .
Since there are not all cards mentioned I have set up a page <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/" name="PCMCIA Cards &dquot;Unofficially&dquot; Supported by Linux"> .
<sect1>SmartCards
<p>
@ -1934,7 +1938,7 @@ Survey about small mobile printers:
<enum>
<item>
CANON: BJC-80, for infrared connections to this printer see the links at my page about <url url="http://mobilix.org/ir_misc.html" name="Linux and Infrared Devices"></item>
CANON: BJC-80, for infrared connections to this printer see the links at my page about <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/ir_misc.html" name="Linux and Infrared Devices"></item>
<item>
CANON: BJ-30</item>
@ -2626,7 +2630,7 @@ Boot loader: a boot loader may be used to put your name and phone number (or wha
Antivirus policy: I have seen an <tt>antivir</tt> RPM somewhere. Check the BIOS for an option to disable writing at the boot sector.</item>
<item>
Database of stolen laptops: I have provided a <url url="http://mobilix.org/stolen_laptops.html" name="survey of databases for stolen laptops">.
Database of stolen laptops: I have provided a <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/stolen_laptops.html" name="survey of databases for stolen laptops">.
<item>
Laptop as a security risk itself: Since a laptop can easily be used to intrude a network, it seems a good policy to ask the system administrator for permission before connecting a laptop to a network.
@ -2670,9 +2674,9 @@ For at least one laptop series, the Toshiba models, there seems to be a Linux pa
<sect>Other Resources
<p>
Kenneth E. Harker maintains a quite valuable database at <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/ " name="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/"> . Please have a look at his site to get current information about laptop related mailing lists, newsgroups, magazines and newsletters, WWW sites and a big database about many different laptop pages.
Kenneth E. Harker maintains a quite valuable database at <url url="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/ " name="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/"> . Please have a look at his site to get current information about laptop related mailing lists, newsgroups, magazines and newsletters, WWW sites and a big database about many different laptop pages.
<p>
To join the <it>linux-laptop@mobilix.org</it> mailing list visit the subsription page at <url url="http://mobilix.org/mobilix_ml.html" name="http://mobilix.org/mobilix_ml.html">. There you may also find the list archiv.
To join the <it>linux-laptop@tuxmobil.org</it> mailing list visit the subsription page at <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/mobilix_ml.html" name="http://tuxmobil.org/mobilix_ml.html">. There you may also find the list archiv.
<p>
To join the other <it>Linux-Laptop-Mailing-List</it> write a mail to &lt;majordomo@vger.kernel.org&gt; with <tt>subscribe linux-laptop</tt> in the subject. You will get a confirmation message than, which you have to reply accordingly. As far as I know there is no list archiv.
<p>
@ -3023,6 +3027,10 @@ v2.2 2 December 1999, reorganized the chapters about Cellular Phones, Pagers, Ca
<p>
v2.2a 3 November 2000, links updated
<p>
v2.2b 27 February 2003, links updated (TuxMobil.org, tldp.org,
linux-on-laptops.com)
<sect>Credits
<p>
I would like to thank the many people who assisted with corrections and suggestions. Their contributions have made this work far better than I could ever have done alone. Especially I would like to thank, in order of appearance:
@ -3030,10 +3038,10 @@ I would like to thank the many people who assisted with corrections and suggesti
<itemize>
<item>
First of all Kenneth E. Harker &lt;kharker@cs.utexas.edu&gt;, from his page <url url="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/" name="Linux on Laptops"> I have included much material into this HOWTO, but didn't always quote him verbatim.
First of all Kenneth E. Harker &lt;kharker at cs.utexas.edu&gt;, from his page <url url="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/" name="Linux on Laptops"> I have included much material into this HOWTO, but didn't always quote him verbatim.
<item>
The other HOWTO authors from the <url url="http://linuxdoc.org/" name="LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT - LDP">.
The other HOWTO authors from the <url url="http://tldp.org/" name="LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT - LDP">.
<item>
The members of the <url url="http://irda.sourceforge.net" name="Linux/IrDA Project">.
@ -3045,148 +3053,148 @@ The members of the Linux-Laptop Mailing List.
The members of the Debian-Laptop Mailing List.
<item>
The visitors and contributors of my <url url="http://mobilix.org/" name="MobiliX"> pages.
The visitors and contributors of my <url url="http://tuxmobil.org/" name="TuxMobil"> pages.
<item>
David Hinds, the maintainer of the <url url="http://pcmcia.sourceforge.org" name="PCMCIA-CS"> package.
<item>
Frank Schneider &lt;SPATZ1@T-ONLINE.DE&gt;.
Frank Schneider &lt;SPATZ1 at T-ONLINE.DE&gt;.
<item>
Stefan Martig &lt;martig@iamexwi.unibe.ch&gt;.
Stefan Martig &lt;martig at iamexwi.unibe.ch&gt;.
<item>
Michele Andreoli, maintainer of <url url="http://mulinux.firenze.linux.it/" name="muLinux">.
<item>
Klaus Franken &lt;kfr@klaus.franken.de&gt;.
Klaus Franken &lt;kfr at klaus.franken.de&gt;.
<item>
W. Wade, Hampton &lt;whampton@staffnet.com&gt;, did much of spell, grammar and style checking and added many valuable information.
W. Wade, Hampton &lt;whampton at staffnet.com&gt;, did much of spell, grammar and style checking and added many valuable information.
<item>
Anderson MacKay &lt;mackay@rice.edu&gt;, <url url="http://linux.rice.edu" name="RLUG - Rice University Linux User Group ">, gave many different detailed recommendations.
Anderson MacKay &lt;mackay at rice.edu&gt;, <url url="http://linux.rice.edu" name="RLUG - Rice University Linux User Group ">, gave many different detailed recommendations.
<item>
Sean 'Shaleh' Perry, &lt;shaleh@livenet.net&gt;, Debian maintainer of <tt>anacron</tt> and other packages, for Debian support.
Sean 'Shaleh' Perry, &lt;shaleh at livenet.net&gt;, Debian maintainer of <tt>anacron</tt> and other packages, for Debian support.
<item>
Bob Toxen &lt;bob@cavu.com&gt;.
Bob Toxen &lt;bob at cavu.com&gt;.
<item>
Peter Sprenger &lt;spre@lugs.ch&gt;.
Peter Sprenger &lt;spre at lugs.ch&gt;.
<item>
Felix Braun &lt;fbraun@atdot.org&gt;.
Felix Braun &lt;fbraun at atdot.org&gt;.
<item>
Steve Rader &lt;rader@wiscnet.net&gt;.
Steve Rader &lt;rader at wiscnet.net&gt;.
<item>
<url url="http://www.felch01.demon.co.uk/laptop-howto.html" name="Richard Worwood"> &lt;richard@felch01.demon.co.uk&gt;, for mirroring of the HOWTO.
<url url="http://www.felch01.demon.co.uk/laptop-howto.html" name="Richard Worwood"> &lt;richard at felch01.demon.co.uk&gt;, for mirroring of the HOWTO.
<item>
Marcel Ovidiu Vlad &lt;marceluc@leland.Stanford.EDU&gt;.
Marcel Ovidiu Vlad &lt;marceluc at leland.Stanford.EDU&gt;.
<item>
Ludger Berse &lt;lberse01@cityweb.de&gt;.
Ludger Berse &lt;lberse01 at cityweb.de&gt;.
<item>
Cedric Adjih &lt;cedric.adjih@inria.fr&gt;, wrote the chapter about the NeoMagic chipset.
Cedric Adjih &lt;cedric.adjih at inria.fr&gt;, wrote the chapter about the NeoMagic chipset.
<item>
Peter Englmaier &lt;ppe@pa.uky.edu&gt;, provided the chapter about a sophisticated email setup.
Peter Englmaier &lt;ppe at pa.uky.edu&gt;, provided the chapter about a sophisticated email setup.
<item>
Michael Wiedmann &lt;mw@miwie.in-berlin.de&gt;, <url url="http://www.in-berlin.de/User/miwie/pia/" name="PIA - X11 based PalmPilot Address Manager"> , found many spelling errors and more.
Michael Wiedmann &lt;mw at miwie.in-berlin.de&gt;, <url url="http://www.in-berlin.de/User/miwie/pia/" name="PIA - X11 based PalmPilot Address Manager"> , found many spelling errors and more.
<item>
Adam Spiers &lt;adam@thelonious.new.ox.ac.uk&gt;.
Adam Spiers &lt;adam at thelonious.new.ox.ac.uk&gt;.
<item>
Lionel, &dquot;trollhunter&dquot; Bouchpan-Lerust-Juery, &lt;trollhunter@linuxfr.org&gt;, for providing the <url url="http://infonomade.linuxfr.org/portables/ressourcesfr.html#howto" name="French translation"> and <url url="http://infonomade.linuxfr.org/indexen.html" name="information about wearables"> .
Lionel, &dquot;trollhunter&dquot; Bouchpan-Lerust-Juery, &lt;trollhunter at linuxfr.org&gt;, for providing the <url url="http://infonomade.linuxfr.org/portables/ressourcesfr.html#howto" name="French translation"> and <url url="http://infonomade.linuxfr.org/indexen.html" name="information about wearables"> .
<item>
Nathan Myers &lt;ncm@linuxlaptops.com&gt;, from <url url="http://www.linuxlaptops.com" name="LL - LinuxLaptops"> for numerous additions.
Nathan Myers &lt;ncm at linuxlaptops.com&gt;, from <url url="http://www.linuxlaptops.com" name="LL - LinuxLaptops"> for numerous additions.
<item>
Ben Attias &lt;hfspc002@csun.edu&gt;.
Ben Attias &lt;hfspc002 at csun.edu&gt;.
<item>
Igor Pesando &lt;ipesando@to.infn.it&gt;.
Igor Pesando &lt;ipesando at to.infn.it&gt;.
<item>
Geert Van der Plas &lt;Geert.VanderPlas@esat.kuleuven.ac.be&gt;, provided information about the touchpad driver included in the GPM.
Geert Van der Plas &lt;Geert.VanderPlas at esat.kuleuven.ac.be&gt;, provided information about the touchpad driver included in the GPM.
<item>
Chandran Shukla &lt;chandran@xmission.com&gt;.
Chandran Shukla &lt;chandran at xmission.com&gt;.
<item>
Harald Milz &lt;hm@suse.de&gt;, from <url url="http://www.suse.de" name="SuSE"> provided numerous additions.
Harald Milz &lt;hm at suse.de&gt;, from <url url="http://www.suse.de" name="SuSE"> provided numerous additions.
<item>
<url url="http://www.snafu.de/~ingo.dietzel/" name="Ingo Dietzel"> &lt;ingo.dietzel@berlin.snafu.de&gt;, for his patience with the project.
<url url="http://www.snafu.de/~ingo.dietzel/" name="Ingo Dietzel"> &lt;ingo.dietzel at berlin.snafu.de&gt;, for his patience with the project.
<item>
Emerson, Tom &num; El Monte &lt;TOMEMERSON@ms.globalpay.com&gt;, for his idea about laptop bags.
Emerson, Tom &num; El Monte &lt;TOMEMERSON at ms.globalpay.com&gt;, for his idea about laptop bags.
<item>
Thomas Traber &lt;traber@inetmail.de&gt;.
Thomas Traber &lt;traber at inetmail.de&gt;.
<item>
Bill Gjestvang &lt;datawolf@ibm.net&gt;.
Bill Gjestvang &lt;datawolf at ibm.net&gt;.
<item>
Leandro Noferin &lt;lnoferin@cybervalley.org&gt;, for proofreading the <it>italian</it> parts.
Leandro Noferin &lt;lnoferin at cybervalley.org&gt;, for proofreading the <it>italian</it> parts.
<item>
Stephane Bortzmeyer &lt;stephane@sources.org&gt; for his suggestions about email with UUCP, the use of CVS or related tools to synchronize two machines, and the <tt>noatime</tt> mount option.
Stephane Bortzmeyer &lt;stephane at sources.org&gt; for his suggestions about email with UUCP, the use of CVS or related tools to synchronize two machines, and the <tt>noatime</tt> mount option.
<item>
Peter Teuben &lt;teuben@astro.umd.edu&gt;, for some suggestions about hard disks.
Peter Teuben &lt;teuben at astro.umd.edu&gt;, for some suggestions about hard disks.
<item>
<url url="http://www.guido.germano.com" name="Guido Germano"> &lt;guido@germano.com&gt;, for information about the Macintosh Powerbook 145B.
<url url="http://www.guido.germano.com" name="Guido Germano"> &lt;guido at germano.com&gt;, for information about the Macintosh Powerbook 145B.
<item>
Joel Eriksson &lt;joel.eriksson@alfa.telenordia.se&gt;, for information about Atari laptops.
Joel Eriksson &lt;joel.eriksson at alfa.telenordia.se&gt;, for information about Atari laptops.
<item>
Gilles Lamiral &lt;lamiral@mail.dotcom.fr&gt; for providing the PLIP Install-HOWTO.
Gilles Lamiral &lt;lamiral at mail.dotcom.fr&gt; for providing the PLIP Install-HOWTO.
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Alessandro Grillo &lt;Alessandro_Grillo@tivoli.com&gt;, started the Italian translation.
Alessandro Grillo &lt;Alessandro_Grillo at tivoli.com&gt;, started the Italian translation.
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Gledson Evers &lt;pulga_linux@bol.com.br&gt;, started the Portuguese translation.
Gledson Evers &lt;pulga_linux at bol.com.br&gt;, started the Portuguese translation.
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Dan Kegel &lt;dank@alumni.caltech.edu&gt;, pointed me to the Toshiba Linux page.
Dan Kegel &lt;dank at alumni.caltech.edu&gt;, pointed me to the Toshiba Linux page.
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<url url="http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/5161" name="Jaime Robles"> &lt;ea4abw@amsat.org&gt;, gave me some information about the HAM-HOWTO.
<url url="http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/5161" name="Jaime Robles"> &lt;ea4abw at amsat.org&gt;, gave me some information about the HAM-HOWTO.
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<url url="http://home.pages.de/~lufthans/" name="LuftHans"> &lt;LuftHans@asu.edu&gt;, announced this HOWTO to the maintainer of the Hardware-HOWTO.
<url url="http://home.pages.de/~lufthans/" name="LuftHans"> &lt;LuftHans at asu.edu&gt;, announced this HOWTO to the maintainer of the Hardware-HOWTO.
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<url url="http://www.cs.hut.fi/~jtm" name="Jari Malinen"> &lt;jtm@mart2.cs.hut.fi&gt;, for support with HUT Mobile IP.
<url url="http://www.cs.hut.fi/~jtm" name="Jari Malinen"> &lt;jtm at mart2.cs.hut.fi&gt;, for support with HUT Mobile IP.
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John Beimler &lt;john@radiomind.com&gt;, provided the URL of <tt>photopc</tt>.
John Beimler &lt;john at radiomind.com&gt;, provided the URL of <tt>photopc</tt>.
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Steven G. Johnson &lt;stevenj@MIT.EDU&gt;, provided the information about Apple/Macintosh m86k machines.
Steven G. Johnson &lt;stevenj at MIT.EDU&gt;, provided the information about Apple/Macintosh m86k machines.
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Ulrich Oelmann &lt;ulrich.oelmann@tu-clausthal.de&gt;, gave valuable additions about the installation with <tt>muLinux</tt>.
Ulrich Oelmann &lt;ulrich.oelmann at tu-clausthal.de&gt;, gave valuable additions about the installation with <tt>muLinux</tt>.
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Lucio Pileggi &lt;lucio@ing.unipi.it&gt;, provided information about the Siemens S25 cellular phone.
Lucio Pileggi &lt;lucio at ing.unipi.it&gt;, provided information about the Siemens S25 cellular phone.
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Eric &lt;dago@tkg.att.ne.jp&gt; wrote how to transfer pictures from a digital camera.
Eric &lt;dago at tkg.att.ne.jp&gt; wrote how to transfer pictures from a digital camera.
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Sorry, but probably I have forgotten to mention everybody who helped.