+ Introduction
+
+
+ Why this document?
+
+ Since there was no information anywhere on the net for Belgian Linux users,
+ we started to collect stuff that we thought could be important. This HOWTO
+ aims to be the definitive list of all Belgian-related Linux information. If
+ you think not, you have no excuse to complain and certainly not to not
+ contribute. ;)
+
+
+
+
+ New versions of this document
+
+ If you need to know more about the Linux Documentation Project or about Linux
+ HOWTO's, feel free to contact the supervisor Tim Bynum
+ .
+
+
+
+ Tim Bynum will post the listing to several national and international
+ newsgroups on a monthly basis. In addition, the Belgian HOWTO can be found
+ on the World Wide Web at New versions
+ of the Belgian HOWTO are always placed at this site first, so please be sure
+ to check if the copy you are reading is still up to date!
+
+
+
+
+ Translated versions
+
+ This document is currently translated in 3 languages (English, Dutch and
+ French), we're trying to keep all three of them in sync, but the English
+ version is the source-document!
+
+
+
+ The English and Dutch version are maintained by Dag Wieërs
+ and is found
+ at: .
+
+
+
+ The French version is maintained by Dany Vanderroost
+ and is
+ found at: .
+
+
+
+
+ Contributions
+
+ A few people mailed us their suggestions and improvements, thanks go to:
+
+ - Wim Vandeputte
+
- Pablo Saratxaga
+
- Christophe Lambin
+
- Geert Uytterhoeven
+
+
+
+
+ Many thanks go to Ivo Clarysse
+
+ who started something similar earlier
+ ()
+ and his project helped us a lot to get this document online.
+
+
+
+
+ Feedback
+
+ If some information seems to be wrong, deceptive or missing, we'd appreciate
+ if you mailed us the improvements. Since we're just human this document isn't
+ bug-free, but your contribution can and will make a difference.
+
+
+
+ To add yourself to the Linux user groups or businesses, collect all necessary
+ information and mail it to us.
+
+
+
+
+ Legal stuff
+
+ Trademarks are owned by their owners.
+
+
+
+ Although the information given in this document is believed to be correct, the
+ author will accept no liability for the content of this document. Use the tips
+ and examples given herein at your own risk.
+
+
+
+ Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000 by Dag Wieers. This document may be distributed only
+ subject to the terms and conditions set forth in
+ .
+
+
+
+
+ Todo
+
+ There are some things I'm planning to add to this document, if you're interested
+ be sure you're reading the most current version of this document. (This todo-list
+ is only a reminder to myself, it is not in the translated documents!)
+
+
+ - Make a distinction between Linux-distributors, Linux-training and Linux-companies
+
+
-
+
- , , , , IBM, SGI
+
+ - Integrate some more (should have done this a long time ago)
+
- Describe possible ways to get a cheap recent Linux-distribution in your neighbourhood
+
- Add details about how to get Ispell-software for your own language
+
- Add information about translating programs
+
- Add more information about ADSL/DANA
+
- Translate it to
+
- Link it from inside the Linux.be website at (database-driven)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Configuration
+
+
+ Keyboard setup
+
+ Linux provides 2 ways to set up your keyboard. At the console you can use
+ loadkeys and under XFree86 you can use xmodmap.
+
+
+
+ Console
+
+ To use the keytable for a Belgian keyboard you can use
+
+ loadkeys be2-latin1
+
+ or
+
+ loadkeys be-latin1
+
+ The only difference between the two is that be2-latin1 add support for
+ twosuperior and threesuperior (keycode 41) and grave (keycode 43).
+
+
+
+ Usually loadkeys is started at boottime from the scripts located
+ somewhere in /etc/rc.d Different distributions handle it
+ differentely. But most distributions have a simple program (like
+ kbdconfig in RedHat or yast in SuSE) to change the
+ scripts.
+
+
+
+
+ XFree86
+
+ To set your keyboard properly under XFree86 you've got more choices. By
+ running Xconfigurator (or a similar program) a config-file for
+ XFree86 is created (with some standard content). This file is called
+ XF86Config and is usually located in /etc or
+ /etc/X11
+
+
+
+ Make sure (and change otherwise) that something similar to this is given
+ under the Keyboard Section.
+
+ Section "Keyboard"
+ Protocol "Standard"
+ XkbRules "xfree86"
+ XkbModel "pc101"
+ XkbLayout "be"
+ EndSection
+
+
+
+
+ If you own a 'microsoft' keyboard (or the less-known penguin keyboards ;p)
+ you can enable those extra 3 keys by changing the "pc101" into
+ "pc104". (I use the extra keys as meta-keys in my windowmanager so
+ some shortcuts doesn't conflict with the internal ones of my wm).
+
+
+
+ To get the AltGr key to work under XFree86 simply add in the
+ Keyboard Section:
+
+
+ RightAlt ModeShift
+
+
+
+
+ To get some key-combinations working under X11, you might want to change in
+ file /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/be:
+
+ key { [ dead_circumflex, diaeresis ],
+ [ bracketleft ] };
+ key { [ ugrave, percent ],
+ [ quoteright ] };
+ key { [ mu, sterling ],
+ [ quoteleft ] };
+ key { [ equal, plus ],
+ [ asciitilde ] };
+
+ by
+
+ key { [ dead_circumflex, dead_diaeresis ],
+ [ bracketleft ] };
+ key { [ ugrave, percent ],
+ [ dead_acute ] };
+ key { [ mu, sterling ],
+ [ dead_grave ] };
+ key { [ equal, plus ],
+ [ dead_tilde ] };
+
+
+
+
+ Some people prefer to use a 'compose'-key to enter their special characters, like:
+
+ 'e => é
+ /o => ø
+ c, => ç
+ co => ©
+ ss => ß
+
+
+ Solution:
+
+ xmodmap -e "keycode xx = Multi_key"
+
+ or
+
+ xmodmap -e "keysym yy = Multi_key"
+
+ and 'xx' is the keycode and 'yy' the kesym of the key you choose to be the 'compose'-key.
+ (use xev to get these values)
+
+ Alternatively you can add
+
+ keycode xx = Multi_key
+
+ to your ~/.xmodmaprc. This way it happens automagically.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Display and applications
+
+ Some applications have to be compiled as 8-bit clean to work well with the
+ European characterset. Others like to be told in advance.
+
+
+
+ Using the ISO-8859-1 font in console
+
+ You can load the ISO-8859-1 font by typing the following in console:
+
+ setfont lat1u-16.psf
+ mapscrn trivial
+ echo -ne '\033(K'
+
+
+
+
+ To be able to use ë, è, é or ç in console, you
+ might want to add these to your ~/.inputrc:
+
+ set meta-flag on
+ set convert-meta off
+ set output-meta on
+
+
+ (this must be done for every user, if you want this to be default for all
+ users you can either add this file to /etc/skel/ or you could add
+ these lines to /etc/inputrc and add the following line to
+ /etc/bashrc,
+
+
+ export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
+
+
+ )
+
+
+
+ Note: this is only useful to programs that use readline (like bash)
+ Also set the following environment variables:
+
+ LC_CTYPE=iso-8859-1
+ SYSFONT=lat1u-16.psf
+ SYSTERM=linux
+
+
+
+
+
+ Support for the Euro symbol
+
+ Since Europe had to invent a new character, the Euro, there's a new
+ standard. It's called ISO-8859-15 (aka Latin-9 or Latin-0). To add support
+ you need both a new font and new keymaps. This is part of every major
+ distribution nowadays, if you have an older distributions you probably
+ need a newer console-tools package.
+
+
+
+ The changes in the keymap-file consist of the following lines:
+
+ keycode 18 = +e +E currency
+ keycode 46 = +c +C cent
+
+
+ And the following environment-variable should be set:
+
+ SYSFONT=lat0-16.psf
+
+ to make sure you're using the right font.
+
+
+
+
+ Time zone
+
+ Since Belgium is located in the Central European Time zone (aka MET) which
+ (in the winter) is equivalent to the Greenwhich Mean Time plus 1 (GMT+1),
+ you can simply link /usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime/MET to
+ /etc/localtime symbolicly like:
+
+ ln -sf /usr/lib/zoneinfo/MET /etc/localtime
+
+ or
+
+ ln -sf /usr/lib/zoneinfo/Europe/Brussels /etc/localtime
+
+ This automagically sets Daylight Savings (which is GMT+2 in the summer).
+
+
+
+ Note: that different distributions have different paths, zoneinfo
+ can be located in /usr/share or such...
+
+ Note2: RedHat uses a tool called timeconfig, SuSE uses
+ yast
+
+
+
+ To change the CMOS clock and then synchronize the system time with the CMOS
+ clock, do something like this:
+
+ hwclock --set --date="Feb 25 03:38"
+ clock -u -s
+
+
+ If your clock is set to local time (which is discouraged but if you have
+ other OS's installed a must), you can do:
+
+ hwclock --set --date="Feb 25 04:38"
+ clock -s
+
+ [Noticed the 1 hour difference ? ;p]
+
+
+
+
+ Locale support
+
+ Not much programs support locale yet, if you want to know more about locale
+ or how to write your own programs to support it, check: [put the damn url
+ here ;p]
+
+
+
+ Be aware that locale makes it harder to resolve problems as less people can
+ help you !! You might understand a problem when it's in technical English,
+ but what if it's translated in some obscure French ?!? Some obviously won't
+ understand both. ;p
+
+
+
+ Dutch
+
+ To enable support for the Dutch locale in Belgium on a system with locale
+ support you just have to set the following environment variables:
+
+ LANG=nl
+ LANGUAGE=nl_BE
+
+ Try nl_BE.ISO_8859-1 if nl_BE does not work.
+
+
+
+
+ French
+
+ If you want French locale support in Belgium, set the following environment
+ variabels:
+
+ LANG=fr
+ LANGUAGE=fr_BE
+
+ Try fr_BE.ISO_8859-1 if fr_BE does not work.
+
+
+
+
+ German
+
+ If you want instead German locale support in Belgium, set the following
+ environment variabels:
+
+ LANG=de
+ LANGUAGE=de_BE
+
+ Try de_BE.ISO_8859-1 if de_BE does not work.
+
+
+
+
+ Walloon
+
+ For Walloon locale support you can find files and information at:
+ . To use it set:
+
+ LANG=wa
+ LANGUAGE=wa_BE:fr_BE
+
+ Try wa_BE.ISO_8859-1 if wa_BE does not work.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Native language support and codepages
+
+ These options add support for the Belgian characterset and codepages. If
+ you'd like to have these, compile a kernel with these options put on. They
+ only apply to some filesystems (FAT-based, ISO9660, ...).
+
+ < > Codepage 850 (Europe)
+ < > NLS ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1; Western European Languages)
+ < > NLS ISO 8859-15 (Latin 9; Western European Languages with Euro)
+
+ Located in Filesystems > Native Language Support
+
+
+
+ If your kernel is a modular kernel that came with your distribution
+ (=you never compiled a kernel before), then you might want to type:
+
+ insmod nls_cp850
+ insmod nls_iso8859_1
+ insmod nls_iso8859_15
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Setting up Internet (Belgian ISP information)
+
+
+ Dialing in with your modem (PPP)
+
+ To configure PPP correctly, you should check the
+ .
+ I try to explain it briefly, but if you have any questions or problems, read
+ the HOWTO very carefully.
+
+
+
+ Configuring the modem
+
+ To configure your modem, you can alter the initstring of your modem. To
+ learn more about your modem, check
+ .
+
+
+
+ Beware: if you have a winmodem you will probably not get it to
+ work. More information about winmodems is at:
+ . Work is underway, but winmodems are
+ not as good as real modems.
+
+
+
+
+ Installing pppd
+
+ Now, you need to have the ppp-package installed (check this by typing
+ pppd --version), make sure you have a recent one. Then you have to
+ make sure you've got these files:
+
+
+
+ /usr/local/bin/ppp
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ case $1 in
+ on|start)
+ TELEPHONE='555-1212' # The telephone number for the connection
+ ACCOUNT='your_login' # The account name for logon (as in 'George Burns')
+ PASSWORD='your_pass' # The password for this account (and 'Gracie Allen')
+ INITSTRING='AT&F&C1&D2Z'# Modem initstring
+ IPLOCAL=0.0.0.0 # Local IP address if known. Dynamic = 0.0.0.0
+ IPREMOTE=0.0.0.0 # Remote IP address if desired. Normally 0.0.0.0
+ DEVICE=/dev/ttyS1 # Serial Device com1=ttyS0, com2=ttyS1,...
+ SPEED=57600 # 19200, 38400 or 57600 (don't try something different)
+ export TELEPHONE ACCOUNT PASSWORD INITSTRING
+ exec /usr/sbin/pppd $DEVICE $SPEED $IPLOCAL:$IPREMOTE \
+ user $ACCOUNT connect /etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer
+ ;;
+ off|stop)
+ if [ -r /var/run/ppp0.pid ]; then
+ kill -INT `cat /var/run/ppp0.pid`
+ if [ ! "$?" = "0" ]; then
+ rm -f /var/run/ppp0.pid
+ echo "ERROR: Removed stale pid file"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+ exit 0
+ fi
+ echo "ERROR: PPP link is not active on ppp0"
+ exit 1
+ ;;
+ info|status)
+ /usr/sbin/pppstats
+ ;;
+ *)
+ echo "Usage: ppp on|off|info|start|stop|status";
+ ;;
+ esac
+
+
+
+
+ /etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ exec /usr/sbin/chat -v \
+ REPORT CONNECTION \
+ REPORT CARRIER \
+ TIMEOUT 10 \
+ ABORT '\nBUSY\r' \
+ ABORT '\nNO ANSWER\r' \
+ ABORT '\nNO CARRIER\r' \
+ ABORT '\nNO DIALTONE\r' \
+ ABORT '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r' \
+ ABORT 'Invalid Login' \
+ ABORT 'Login incorrect' \
+ '' "\r$INITSTRING\r" \
+ 'OK-+++\c-OK' 'ATH0' \
+ TIMEOUT 45 \
+ OK "ATDT$TELEPHONE" \
+ CONNECT '\d\c' \
+ ogin:--ogin: "$ACCOUNT" \
+ ord: "$PASSWORD"
+
+ You can remove the -v once everything looks normal.
+
+
+
+ The pppd command uses /etc/ppp/options to list its options, change
+ these options to whatever fits. These defaults normally work in most cases.
+
+ asyncmap 20a0000
+ crtscts
+ debug
+ default-mru
+ defaultroute
+ detach
+ escape 11,13,ff
+ hide-password
+ ipcp-accept-local
+ ipcp-accept-remote
+ lcp-echo-failure 4
+ lcp-echo-interval 400
+ lock
+ modem
+ mtu 1500
+ netmask 255.255.255.0
+ noipdefault
+ passive
+
+ #idle 300
+ #kdebug 0
+ #-vj
+
+ Once dialing in works like a charm, you can leave debug out.
+
+
+
+ Beware: it is important to emphasize that every special character,
+ thus every character that is not [a-ZA-Z0-9] and '_', should be escaped by
+ preceding it with a '\'-character. Thus "e!b$l+" would become "e\!b\$l\+".
+ Try it if you are having troubles !
+
+
+
+
+ pap-secrets / chap-secrets
+
+ If your ISP requires CHAP or PAP, you need one of these files with their
+ proper username and password:
+
+
+
+ /etc/ppp/pap-secrets or /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
+
+ #client server secret IP
+ your_login * your_pass *
+
+
+
+
+
+ Network
+
+ To configure your nameservers, change /etc/resolv.conf. If dialing
+ in is succesfull, but you can't get it to connect to URL's: this is probably
+ the cause.
+
+ domain domain_of_your_isp
+ nameserver your_primary_nameserver
+ nameserver your_secondary_nameserver
+
+
+
+
+
+ File permissions
+
+ Before you can run a (shell)script, it must be set executable. Be sure
+ that you set the permissions so that other users cannot see the passwords
+ stored in the files. If you want other users to be able to dial in, you
+ might want to consider using sudo. You might want to do the
+ following:
+
+ chmod u+rw og-rwx -R /etc/ppp
+ chmod u+x /etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer /usr/local/bin/ppp
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dial + Hangup
+
+ Then if /usr/local/bin is in your PATH, you can easily
+ dial in with:
+
+ ppp on
+
+ and hangup with:
+
+ ppp off
+
+ and to get some statistics, you do:
+
+ ppp status
+
+
+
+
+
+ ISP-dependant information
+
+
+ Digibel:
+
+ Authentication: PAP
+ Nameservers: 194.119.240.62
+ Web:
+ Support:
+
+ DMA:
+
+ Authentication: text-based
+ Nameservers: 195.13.24.1
+ Web:
+ Support:
+
+ FreeBel:
+
+ Authentication: PAP
+ Nameservers: 194.149.160.9, 194.149.160.1
+ Web:
+ Support: no official Linux support yet
+
+ Tiscalinet (Freegates):
+
+ Authentication: text-based ?
+ Nameservers: 212.35.2.1, 212.35.2.2
+ Web:
+ Support: no official Linux support yet
+
+ KPN Belgium (Eunet):
+
+ Authentication: text-based
+ Extra options: proxyarp
+ Nameservers: 193.74.208.135
+ Web:
+ Support:
+
+ Online / TijdNet:
+
+ Authentication: text-based / PAP
+ Extra options: noccp
+ Nameservers: 62.112.0.7, 194.88.127.7
+ Web:
+ Support: no official Linux support yet
+
+ Ping:
+
+ Authentication: text-based
+ Web:
+ Support:
+
+ Planet Internet:
+
+ Authentication: CHAP
+ Nameservers: 194.119.232.3, 194.119.232.2
+ Web:
+ Support: no official Linux support yet
+
+ Skynet (Belgacom):
+
+ Authentication: PAP
+ Extra options: defaultroute
+ Nameservers: 195.238.2.21, 195.238.2.22
+ Web:
+ Support: no official Linux support yet
+
+ UUNet:
+
+ Authentication: PAP
+ Nameservers: 194.7.1.4, 194.7.15.70
+ Web:
+ Support: no official support yet
+
+ VT4:
+
+ Authentication: PAP
+ Web:
+ Support: no official Linux support yet
+
+ Wanadoo (Euronet):
+
+ Authentication: text-based / PAP
+ Nameservers: 195.74.193.12, 194.134.0.12
+ Web:
+ Support:
+
+
+
+ World Online:
+
+ Authentication: CHAP
+ Nameservers: 212.233.1.34, 212.233.2.34
+ Web:
+ Support: no official Linux support yet
+
+ XS4ALL:
+
+ Authentication: PAP
+ Nameservers: 194.109.6.66, 194.109.9.99
+ Web:
+ Support:
+
+ Yucom:
+
+ Authentication: CHAP
+ Web:
+ Support: no official Linux support yet
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dialing in with your ISDN-modem
+
+
+
+
+
+ Contributed by Christophe Lambin
+
+
+
+
+
+ This section does not aim to be a definitive guide on ISDN for Linux. For a
+ more detailed discussion on the topic, see
+
+ and .
+
+
+
+ Updating the kernel
+
+ If you're using a 2.2 kernel, it's recommended to get an updated version of
+ the ISDN code. You can retrieve the CVS at
+ .
+ For more information, check:
+
+
+
+
+ Warning: if you've recently purchased an Eicon Diva 2.0 PCI (eg,
+ via Belgacom), there's a good chance you've actually got a Diva 2.01.In
+ this case, you must get a version dated 1 July 1999 or later !
+
+
+
+ Once the ISDN is in place, you can start up the driver. Eg:
+
+ modprobe hisax type=11 protocol=2
+
+ Refer to the Readme's for the right parameters and values for your card.
+
+
+
+
+ ISDN4Linux toolkit
+
+ Next, you'll need the ISDN4Linux toolkit. You can retrieve the latest
+ version of the toolkit at:
+
+
+
+
+ Configuring the interface
+
+ With the tools installed and configured, write a script to configure the
+ interface, to be used for the ISDN connection. As always in Linux, there's
+ no one correct way of doing this. I've put these in a script
+
+
+
+ /etc/rc.d/rc.isdn:
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ MSNREMOTE='555-1212' # Phone number of ISP
+ MSNLOCAL='555-1313' # my number, without 0, with areacode
+ ACCOUNT='george' # The account for logon (as 'George Burns')
+ IPLOCAL=10.0.0.2 # my fixed IP (use 10.0.0.2 if no fixed)
+ IPREMOTE=0.0.0.0 # IP number of ISP
+ INTERFACE=ippp0
+ /sbin/modprobe hisax type=11 protocol=2
+ /sbin/isdnctrl verbose 3 system on
+ /sbin/isdnctrl addif $IF
+ /sbin/isdnctrl secure $IF on
+ /sbin/isdnctrl addphone $IF out $MSNREMOTE
+ /sbin/isdnctrl eaz $IF $MSNLOCAL
+ /sbin/isdnctrl huptimeout $IF 300
+ /sbin/isdnctrl l2_prot $IF hdlc
+ /sbin/isdnctrl l3_prot $IF trans
+ /sbin/isdnctrl encap $IF syncppp
+# /sbin/isdnctrl dialmode $IF auto
+ /sbin/ifconfig $IF $IPLOCAL pointopoint $IPREMOTE -arp -broadcast
+ /sbin/ipppd /dev/ippp0 user $ACCOUNT $IPLOCAL:$IPREMOTE
+
+
+
+
+ To start this at boot time, make it executable and append the following to
+ /etc/rc.d/rc.local:
+
+ if [ -x /etc/rc.d/rc.isdn ]; then
+ . /etc/rc.d/rc.isdn
+ fi
+
+
+
+
+ The ipppd command gets its parameters passed through a file,
+ /etc/ppp/ioptions:
+
+ -ac
+ -bsdcomp
+ debug
+ defaultroute
+ ipcp-accept-local
+ ipcp-accept-remote
+ mru 1524
+ mtu 1500
+ noipdefault
+ -pc
+ useifip
+ -vj
+ -vjccomp
+
+ #idle 360
+ #persistent
+
+
+
+
+ Warning: do NOT specify +pap or +chap in this file. This specifies
+ the authentication that ipppd should use for an INCOMING client. If you were
+ to use this to connect to your ISP, ipppd would wait for the ISP to
+ authenticate itself using the specified protocol.
+
+
+
+ Beware: it is important to emphasize that every special character,
+ thus every character that is not [a-ZA-Z0-9] and '_' should be escaped by
+ preceding it with a '\'-character. Thus 'e!b$l+' would become 'e\!b\$l\+'.
+ Try it if you are having troubles !
+
+
+
+ Finally, create /etc/ppp/ip-down.local to handle the shutdown of
+ the interface:
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ /sbin/ifconfig $1 down
+ sleep 1
+ /sbin/ifconfig $1 10.0.0.2 pointopoint
+
+
+
+
+ Note: this is to handle some problems with routes on shutdowns.
+ Anyone know of a clean(er) solution ?
+
+
+
+
+ pap-secrets / chap-secrets
+
+ If your ISP uses PAP or CHAP, create a file /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
+ or /etc/ppp/chap-secrets. Its format is:
+
+ #client server secret IP
+ your_login * your_pass *
+
+
+
+
+
+ Network
+
+ Not really related to ISDN, but a lot of people forget this step (too eager
+ to try out all the stuff they typed in above ? :-)).
+
+
+
+ Anyway, you need to configure the DNS, by creating a file
+ /etc/resolv.conf:
+
+ domain your_domain_of_your_isp
+ nameserver your_primary_nameserver
+ nameserver your_secondary_nameserver
+
+
+
+
+
+ File permissions
+
+ Before you can run a (shell)script, it must be set executable. Be sure
+ that you set the permissions so that other users cannot see the passwords
+ stored in the files. If you want other users to be able to dial in, you
+ might want to consider using sudo. You might want to do the
+ following:
+
+ chmod u+rw og-rwx -r /etc/ppp
+ chmod u+x /etc/rc.d/rc.isdn /etc/ppp/ip.down-local /usr/local/bin/isdn
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dial + Hangup
+
+ Finally, you can write a little wrapper to start and stop the ISDN
+ connection. I've put this as /usr/local/bin/isdn:
+
+ #!/bin/bash
+ case $1 in
+ on|start)
+ /sbin/isdnctrl dial ippp0
+ ;;
+ off|stop)
+ /sbin/isdnctrl hangup ippp0
+ ;;
+ info|status)
+ /sbin/isdnctrl list ippp0
+ ;;
+ *)
+ echo "Usage: isdn on|off|info|start|stop|status"
+ ;;
+ esac
+
+
+
+
+ Then if /usr/local/bin is in your PATH, you can easily
+ dial in with:
+
+ isdn on
+
+ and hangup with:
+
+ isdn off
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cablemodem (DHCP)
+
+ DHCP was designed to make life easier, and most of the times it does ;) More
+ information to set up your DHCP client can be found at:
+ and a list of
+ Frequently Asked Questions at:
+ which describes everything you need to know. Along with the information
+ in the Cable-Modem HOWTO
+ ().
+
+
+
+ Lots of people want to connect a whole network to their cablemodem, that's
+ not a problem. You'll need IP-Masquerading
+ ()
+ and make sure the interface (that speaks to the cablemodem) has the right
+ MAC-address !! Another solution (in case of problems) is to reset your
+ cablemodem.
+
+
+
+
+ UPC Belgium (Chello/TVD):
+
+ Web:
+ Support: no official support yet
+ More information:
+
+ Pandora (Telenet):
+
+ Automatic proxy: http://pac.pandora.be:8080
+ HTTP proxy: export http_proxy="http://proxy.pandora.be:8080/"
+ Web:
+ Support: no official support yet
+ More information:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ADSL
+
+
+ Easynet:
+
+ Web:
+ Support:
+
+
+
+ Turboline (Belgacom):
+
+ Web:
+ Support: no official support yet
+ More information: and
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Belgian Linux user groups
+
+ More information can be found in the User Group HOWTO located at:
+
+ A complete list of Linux User Groups is at:
+
+ and at:
+
+
+
+
+ ALLIN Linux User Group
+
+
+ Mechelbaan 260
+ B-3130 Begijnendijk
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Paul Terweduwe
+ Last modified: 13 April 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Antwerp Linux User Group (ALUG)
+
+
+ Van Luppenstraat 70
+ B-2018 Antwerp
+
+
+ Phone: +32 3 218 63 54
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Patrick Op de Beeck
+ Last modified: 26 December 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Brussels Linux User Group (BeLUGa)
+
+
+ Brussels Linux User Group (BeLUGa)
+ Infogroep, Building F, room 218
+ Vrije Universiteit Brussel
+ Pleinlaan 2
+ B-1050 Brussel
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ HCC Limburgse Linux Gebruikers Groep (HLLGG)
+
+
+ HCC Limburgse Linux Gebruikers Groep
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Andy Peeters & Bruno Tony
+
+ Last modified: 31 May 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ HCC Linux Gebruikers Groep Leuven
+
+
+ Diegemstraat 61
+ B-1930 Zaventem
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Yvo Dries
+
+ Last modified: 2 August 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Independent Group of Unix-Alikes and Network Activists (IGUANA)
+
+
+ Milcampslaan 101
+ B-1040 Schaarbeek
+
+
+ Phone: +32 2 657 77 36
+ Fax: +32 2 657 77 38
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 5 March 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Infogroep (IGWE)
+
+
+ Pleinlaan 2, 5F218 (building F)
+ B-1050 Brussels
+
+
+ Phone: +32 2 629 33 56
+ Fax: +32 2 629 33 89
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 6 July 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Leuvense Linux Users (L2U)
+
+
+ Leuvense Linux Users (L2U)
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 28 November 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Limburgse Linux User Group (LILUG)
+
+
+ Limburgse Linux User Group (LILUG)
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Frank Eersels
+
+ Last modified: 6 May 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Linux.be vzw/asbl
+
+
+ Linux.be vzw/asbl
+ Non-proft organization to promote Linux in Belgium
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 23 September 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Linux Belgian Team
+
+
+ Rue d'Aineffe 4
+ B-4317 Borlez Faimes
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Alexandre J.D. Dulaunoy
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Linux Gebruikers Oost-Vlaanderen (LGOVL)
+
+
+ Linux Gebruikers Oost-Vlaanderen
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Linux User Group De Bruxelles (BxLUG)
+
+
+ Linux User Group De Bruxelles (BxLUG)
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Raphael Bauduin
+
+ Last modified: 17 July 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Linux User Group De Namur
+
+
+ Linux User Group De Namur
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 17 July 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Linux User Group Mons
+
+
+ Linux User Group Mons
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 26 May 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Linux User Movement Underground Mad Belgian Aliens (LUMUMBA)
+
+
+ Universiteitslaan 1, Filii Lamberti
+ 3590 Diepenbeek
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ linuxbe.org
+
+
+ linuxbe.org
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Cedric Gavage
+
+ Last modified: 7 February 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Louvain-Li-nux (LLN)
+
+
+ Louvain-Li-nux (LLN)
+ Louvain-la-neuve Linux User Group
+ Place des paniers 5/014
+ B-1348 Louvain-La-neuve
+
+
+ Phone: +32 10 45 47 61
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Benjamin Henrion
+
+ Last modified: 15 October 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Open Technology Assembly Linux Special Interest Group
+
+
+ Kruipstraat 14
+ B-1850 Grimbergen
+
+
+ Phone: +32 11 27 58 98
+ Fax: +32 11 27 03 89
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Jan Vanhercke
+
+ Last modified: 4 March 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Python Blanc Blue Belge (P3B)
+
+
+ Python Blanc Blue Belge (P3B)
+
+
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 15 October 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Student Information Networking (SIN)
+
+
+ Kleinhoefstraat 4
+ B-2440 Geel
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 12 June 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ TINA
+
+
+
+
+ Contact: Tina gebruikers
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Unix Lovers Yield Student Services & Internet Support (ULYSSIS)
+
+
+ Blijde Inkomsstraat 21, lokaal 01.17
+ B-3000 Leuven
+
+
+ Phone: +32 16 32 48 61
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zeus WPI - Werkgroep Informatica RUG
+
+
+ Krijgslaan 281 S9
+ B-9000 Gent
+
+
+ Phone: +32 09 264 47 51
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Comment: Restricted to RUG students
+
+ Last modified: 22 June 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Belgian Linux businesses
+
+ The Linux Documentation Project contains worldwide lists of Linux
+ businesses, Linux Consultants HOWTO and V.A.R. HOWTO, and can be found at:
+ .
+
+
+
+ aDOC Services
+
+
+ Avenue du Pesage, 31-33
+ B-1050 Brussels
+
+
+ Phone: +32 2 646 00 76
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Arafox
+
+
+ Avenue Joseph Wybranlaan 40
+ B-1070 Brussels
+
+
+ Phone: +32 2 529 59 91
+ Fax: +32 2 529 59 92
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 11 February 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Aragne
+
+
+ Aragne
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 15 October 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Better Access N.V.
+
+
+ Geldenaakse Vest 6
+ 3000 Leuven
+
+
+ Phone: +32 16 29 80 45
+ Fax: +32 16 29 80 46
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Type of support: After an onsite installation, we mainly support our customers with SSH remote administration. Most problems are reported by E-mail or by the inhouse-developped webbased supportsystem. This doesn't mean that once in a while a supportcall comes in.
+ Special expertise: Security, systemadministration and setups, security (firewalling, tigerteaming, VPN, etc.) Networkdesign, wireless networking, Troubleshooting, product development, etc. Please visit http://www.ba.be for more info.
+
+ Last modified: 7 March 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ BIOS Consulting sa/nv
+
+
+ Chée de Neerstalle 240
+ B-1190 Bruxelles
+
+
+ Phone: +32 (0)2 376 61 97
+ Fax: +32 (0)2 376 23 99
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 27 June 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ D. Connect
+
+
+ Av. Van Goidtsnoven 33
+ B-1180 Uccle
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Double Barrel Consultancy and Productions
+
+
+ Sportstraat 28
+ B-9000 Gent
+
+
+ Phone: +32 9 222 77 64
+ Fax: +32 9 222 49 76
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Michael C. Vergallen
+ Type of support: phone, email remote network admin, inhouse, onsite.
+ Special expertise: installation, system admin. internet and intranet connectivity, sendmail, firewalls, proxys, nameservers, troubleshooting software & hardware.
+
+ Last modified: 5 March 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ grmbl productions
+
+
+ Korte Vuldersstraat
+ B-8000 Brugge
+
+
+ Phone: +32 50 344366
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 2 March 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ LIFE bvba
+
+
+ Mgr. Vanwaeyenberglaan 6/10
+ B-3000 Leuven
+
+
+ Phone: +32 477 57 50 71
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Jasper Nuyens
+ Type of support: LIFE is the first company in Europe to provide 24/7 professional support for Linux in Europe. LIFE also provides server and desktop installation services, educational services and fixed price development. Exclusive on the Linux operating system.
+ Special expertise: Kernel driver development, database interconnectivity (VPN, wireless networking), security auditing (firewall, VPN, ethical hacking), e-commerce. See our website for more.
+
+ Last modified: 20 April 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mind Linux Solutions
+
+
+ Vaartstraat 12
+ B-3000 Leuven
+
+
+ Phone: +32 (0)16 309 666 or +32 (0)478 274 069
+ Fax: +32 (0)16 309 644
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact:
+ Peter Vandenabeele
+ Type of support: Installation & configuration, auditing & consultancy, support & maintenance, training & education, research & development.
+ Special expertise: We are specialised in installing Linux servers for various purposes (Web-, File-, Print- or Mailservers, Routers, Firewalls, VPN, ...) in heterogenous networks. We provide support and training for Linux and Open Source products and we develop custom Linux solutions for our customers.
+
+ Last modified: 23 April 2000.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Phidani Software SPRL
+
+
+ Rue de l'autonomie 1
+ B-1070 Brussels
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 25 February 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spier BVBA
+
+
+ Knaptandstraat 96-98
+ B-9100 Sint-Niklaas
+
+
+ Email:
+ Web:
+
+ Last modified: 02 March 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ VirgoPlus sprl
+
+
+ Rue Dartois 1
+ B-4000 Liège
+
+
+ Phone: +32 4 253 00 59
+ Fax: +32 4 253 00 49
+ Email:
+ Web:
+ Contact: Bruno Mairlot
+ Type of support: By phone, email, or remote networked administration, inhouse, onsite
+ Special expertise: Installation, configuration, administration of Linux, internet connection, intranet developpment, firewalls, samba, netatalk, firewalls, proxys, DNS, web server (Apache), mod_perl, MySQL, Gui interface developpment (GTK+).
+We have acquired a special expertise with the Red Hat distributions.
+
+ Last modified: 28 June 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Belgian Linux resources
+
+
+ Websites
+
+
+ Linux in Belgium
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dutch Linux-sites
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ French Linux-sites
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mirrors in Belgium
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HOWTO
+
+ The most important collection of Linux information on the net. Please if you
+ encounter erroneous information in one of them, do contact the author. Only
+ that way it will be corrected and we all stand together ;)
+
+
+
+ Web
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ FTP
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HOWTO translations
+
+ As Dutch is less wide-spread, it is the least supported. But work is being
+ done to resolve this ;) (and maybe *you* can help ?!?) French and German
+ translations obviously are already taken care of.
+
+
+
+ Dutch
+
+ A succesfull initiative is making progress, but there's still a lot to do.
+ If you want to help, start translating and send it there. Check:
+ .
+
+
+
+
+ French
+
+ French translations of HOWTO's can be found at:
+
+
+
+
+
+ German
+
+ German translations of HOWTO's can be found at:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FTP
+
+ Most of the times, it doesn't matter where you got it from, as long as it
+ works. But to save you some time and save us some bandwidth, it's much better
+ to get it near you ;) Naturally I forgot some, please send your additions or
+ corrections.
+
+
+
+ Kernel-sources
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ Distributions
+
+
+ - Red Hat
+
+
- ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/redhat-version/arch
+
- ftp://ftp.chello.be/mirror/ftp.redhat.com/redhat/redhat-version/arch
+
-
+
- ftp://mirrors.pandora.be/mirrors/ftp.redhat.com/redhat/redhat-version/arch
+
+ - Debian
+
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+ - Mandrake
+
+
-
+
-
+
+ - SuSE
+
+
-
+
-
+
+ - Slackware
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Software
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Usenet
+
+
+ - at
+
- at
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mailinglists
+
+
+ Linux in Belgium
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+ Linux user groups
+
+
+ -
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IRC
+
+ The fastest medium to get support is IRC, but beware. Because IRC is rather
+ anonymous it's also easy to fool people.
+
+
+
+ On IRCnet there's a channel called #linux.be that is closely related to bcol
+ and the Belgian Linux-scene. The channel is still small, but it surely will
+ grow in time. To get help in English, there's only one place #linux.
+
+
+
+ Also Dalnet has a #linux.be channel.
+
+
+
+