renamed introduction "New Versions" to "New versions and availability", updated conventions and organization sections, minor changes in chap 4,5,6 and 8, added rdesktop info updated gloss, fileutils -> coreutils, ready for publish.

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tille 2004-05-21 20:33:03 +00:00
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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<edition>Version 1.12 20040313</edition>
<edition>Version 1.13 20040427</edition>
<pubdate>First published December 2002</pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
@ -82,17 +82,32 @@
with Linux (and UNIX in general) will find this book useful.</para>
</section>
<section id="intro_03">
<title>New versions of this guide</title>
<title>New versions and availability</title>
<para>This document is published in the Guides section of the Linux Documentation
Project collection at<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/guides.html"/>; you can also
download PDF and PostScript formatted versions here for printing.</para>
Project collection at <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/guides.html"/>; you can also
download PDF and PostScript formatted versions here.</para>
<para>The most recent edition is available at<ulink
url="http://tille.soti.org/training/tldp/"> http://tille.soti.org/training/tldp/</ulink>.</para>
<para>This guide is available in print from <ulink url="http://fultus.com/">Fultus.com Books</ulink> by Print On Demand. Fultus <ulink url="http://store.fultus.com/product_info.php?products_id=65">distributes this document</ulink> to many bookstores, including Baker &amp; Taylor and the on-line bookstores <ulink url="http://amazon.com/">Amazon.com</ulink>, <ulink url="http://amazon.co.uk">Amazon.co.uk</ulink>, <ulink url="http://barnesandnoble.com/">BarnesAndNoble.com</ulink> and <ulink url="http://froogle.google.com/froogle?q=0974433934">Google's Froogle</ulink>.</para>
<para>The guide has been <ulink url="http://www.geocities.com/linuxparichay/">translated into Hindi</ulink> by:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Alok Kumar</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Dhananjay Sharma</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Kapil</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Puneet Goel</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Ravikant Yuyutsu</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="intro_04">
<title>Revision History</title>
<para>
<revhistory>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.13</revnumber>
<date>2004-04-27</date>
<authorinitials>MG</authorinitials>
<revremark>Last read-through before sending everything to Fultus for printout. Added Fultus referrence in New Versions section, updated Conventions and Organization sections. Minor changes in chapters 4, 5, 6 and 8, added rdesktop info in chapter 10, updated glossary, replaced references to fileutils with coreutils, thankyou to Hindi translators.</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.12</revnumber>
<date>2004-03-13</date>
@ -212,9 +227,9 @@
Belgian Linux users, among them my husband, for hearing me out every day and always
being generous in their comments.</para>
<para>Also a special thought for Tabatha Marshall for doing a really thorough revision,
spell check and styling, and to Eugene Crosser for marking the errors that we two
spell check and styling, and to Eugene Crosser for spotting the errors that we two
looked over.</para>
<para>And thanks to all the readers who noticed me about missing topics and who helped
<para>And thanks to all the readers who notified me about missing topics and who helped
to pick out the last errors, unclear definitions and typos by going through the
trouble of mailing me all their remarks. These are also the people who help me keep
this guide up to date.</para>
@ -229,7 +244,7 @@
<email>tille@coresequence.com</email>
</address>
</para>
<para>Don't forget to check with the<ulink
<para>Don't forget to check with the <ulink
url="http://tille.soti.org/training/tldp/">latest version</ulink> first!</para>
</section>
<section id="intro_07">
@ -319,6 +334,14 @@
</command>
</quote>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<prompt>prompt</prompt>
</entry>
<entry>
User prompt, usually followed by a command that you type in a terminal window, like in <prompt>hilda@home&gt;</prompt> <command>ls <option>-l</option></command>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<cmdsynopsis>
@ -418,7 +441,7 @@
<para>This guide aims to be the foundation for all other materials that you can get from
The Linux Documentation Project. As such, it provides you with the fundamental
knowledge needed by anyone who wants to start working with a Linux system, while at
the same time it tries to consciously avoid to re-invent the hot water. Thus, you
the same time it tries to consciously avoid re-inventing the hot water. Thus, you
can expect this book to be incomplete and full of links to sources of additional
information on your system, on the Internet and in your system documentation.</para>
<para>The first chapter is an introduction to the subject on Linux; the next two discuss
@ -431,7 +454,7 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="chap_01"/>: What is Linux, how did it come into existence,
<xref linkend="chap_01"/>: What is Linux, how did it come into existence, advantages and disadvantages, what does the future hold for Linux,
who should use it, installing your computer.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -442,7 +465,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="chap_03"/>: The filesystem, important files and directories,
managing files and directories, security modes.</para>
managing files and directories, protecting your data.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
@ -473,7 +496,7 @@
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="chap_09"/>: Preparing data to be backed up, discussion of
various tools.</para>
various tools, remote backup.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>

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@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ mainstream distribution, supporting all common hardware and applications by
default. The following are very good choices for novices:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.redhat.com">RedHat Linux</ulink>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://fedora.redhat.com">Fedora Linux</ulink>
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.suse.de">SuSE Linux</ulink>
</para></listitem>

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@ -6,16 +6,20 @@
<para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Supported networking protocols</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Network configuration files</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Commands for configuring and probing the network</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Daemons and client programs enabling different network applications</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>File sharing and printing</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Other common Internet/Intranet services</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Remote execution of commands and applications</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Basic network interconnection</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Networking tools</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Secure execution of remote applications</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Firewalls and intrusion detection</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</abstract>
<sect1 id="sect_10_01"><title>Networking Overview</title>
<sect2 id="sect_10_01_01"><title>Networking protocols</title>
<para>A protocol is, simply put, a set of rules for communication.</para>
<para>Linux supports many different networking protocols. We list only the most important:</para>
<sect3 id="sect_10_01_01_01"><title>TCP/IP</title>
<para>The Transport Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol are the two most popular ways of communicating on the Internet. A lot of applications, such as your browser and E-mail program, are built on top of this protocol suite.</para>
@ -60,7 +64,8 @@
<sect3 id="sect_10_01_01_07"><title>SMB/NMB</title>
<para>For compatibility with MS Windows environments, the Samba suite, including support for the NMB and SMB protocols, can be installed on any UNIX-like system. The Server Message Block protocol (also called Session Message Block, NetBIOS or LanManager protocol) is used on MS Windows 3.11, NT, 95/98, 2K and XP to share disks and printers.</para>
<para>The basic functions of the Samba suite are: sharing Linux drives with Windows machines, accessing SMB shares from Linux machines, sharing Linux printers with Windows machines and sharing Windows printers with Linux machines.</para>
<para>Most Linux distributions provide a <emphasis>samba</emphasis> package, which does most of the server setup and starts up <command>smbd</command>, the Samba server, and <command>nmbd</command>, the netbios name server, at boot time by default. Samba can be configured graphically, via a web interface or via the command line and text configuration files. More information can be found at the following locations:</para>
<para>Most Linux distributions provide a <emphasis>samba</emphasis> package, which does most of the server setup and starts up <command>smbd</command>, the Samba server, and <command>nmbd</command>, the netbios name server, at boot time by default. Samba can be configured graphically, via a web interface or via the command line and text configuration files. The daemons make a Linux machine appear as an MS Windows host in an MS Windows My Network Places/Network Neighbourhood window; a share from a Linux machine will be indistinguishable from a share on any other host in an MS Windows environment.</para>
<para>More information can be found at the following locations:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><command>man <filename>smb.conf</filename></command>: describes the format of the main Samba configuration file.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.redhat.com/support/resources/print_file/samba.html">The Samba section</ulink> of the RedHat Support Resources on Printing and File Services.</para></listitem>
@ -438,7 +443,7 @@ bookmarks get lookup mkdir quit show
<listitem><para>JMSN: Java MSN Messenger clone with many features that the original does not have.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><command>Konversation</command>, <command>KVIrc</command> and many other K-tools from the KDE suite.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><command>gnomemeeting</command>: videoconferencing program for UNIX.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><command>jabber</command>: Open Source Instant Messenging platform, compatible with ICQ, AIM, Yahoo, MSN, IRC, SMTP and much more.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -700,7 +705,10 @@ Fetching /var/tmp/Schedule.sdc.gz to Schedule.sdc.gz
</itemizedlist>
<para>More information can be found in the VNC client man pages (<command>man <parameter>vncviewer</parameter></command>) or on the <ulink url="http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc/">VNC website</ulink>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sect_10_03_06"><title>The rdesktop protocol</title>
<para>In order to ease management of MS Windows hosts, recent Linux distributions support the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), which is implemented in the <command>rdesktop</command> client. The protocol is used in a number of MicroSoft products, including Windows NT Terminal Server, Windows 2000 Server, Windows XP and Windows 2003 Server.</para>
<para>Surprise your friends (or management) with the fullscreen mode, multiple types of keyboard layouts and single application mode, just like the real thing. The <command>man <parameter>rdesktop</parameter></command> manual provides more information. The project's homepage is at <ulink url="http://www.rdesktop.org/" />.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sect_10_05"><title>Security</title>
<sect2 id="sect_10_05_01"><title>Introduction</title>

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@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@ drwxrws--- 4 root users 4096 Jul 25 2001 docs/
<listitem><para>Where is the time zone information kept?</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Are the HOWTOs installed on your system?</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Change to <filename>/usr/share/doc</filename>.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Name three programs that come with the GNU <emphasis>fileutils</emphasis> package.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Name three programs that come with the GNU <emphasis>coreutils</emphasis> package.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Which version of <command>bash</command> is installed on this system?</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>

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@ -8,12 +8,11 @@
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Multi-user processing and multi-tasking</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Process types</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Controlling processes</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Controlling processes with different signals</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Process attributes</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The life cycle of a process</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>System startup and shutdown</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>SUID and SGID</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Managing processes</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>System speed and response</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Scheduling processes</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The Vixie cron system</para></listitem>

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@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
<listitem><para>Standard input, output and errors</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Redirection operators</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>How to use output of one command as input for another</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>How to put output of a command in a file for later referrence</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>How to append output of multiple commands to a file</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Input redirection</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Handling standard error messages</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Combining redirection of input, output and error streams</para></listitem>

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@ -32,13 +32,14 @@
<para>Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting, real-time display editor, known on many UNIX and other systems. The text being edited is visible on the screen and is updated automatically as you type your commands. It is a real-time editor because the display is updated very frequently, usually after each character or pair of characters you type. This minimizes the amount of information you must keep in your head as you edit. Emacs is called advanced because it provides facilities that go beyond simple insertion and deletion: controlling subprocesses; automatic indentation of programs; viewing two or more files at once; editing formatted text; and dealing in terms of characters, words, lines, sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as expressions and comments in several different programming languages.</para>
<para><emphasis>Self-documenting</emphasis> means that at any time you can type a special character, <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>+<keycap>H</keycap>, to find out what your options are. You can also use it to find out what any command does, or to find all the commands that pertain to a topic. <emphasis>Customizable</emphasis> means that you can change the definitions of Emacs commands in little ways. For example, if you use a programming language in which comments start with `&lt;**' and end with `**&gt;', you can tell the Emacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings. Another sort of customization is rearrangement of the command set. For example, if you prefer the four basic cursor motion commands (up, down, left and right) on keys in a diamond pattern on the keyboard, you can rebind the keys that way.</para>
<para><emphasis>Extensible</emphasis> means that you can go beyond simple customization and write entirely new commands, programs in the Lisp language that are run by Emacs's own Lisp interpreter. Emacs is an <emphasis>online</emphasis> extensible system, which means that it is divided into many functions that call each other, any of which can be redefined in the middle of an editing session. Almost any part of Emacs can be replaced without making a separate copy of all of Emacs. Most of the editing commands of Emacs are written in Lisp already; the few exceptions could have been written in Lisp but are written in C for efficiency. Although only a programmer can write an extension, anybody can use it afterward.</para>
<para>When run under the X Window System, Emacs provides its own menus and convenient bindings to mouse buttons. But Emacs can provide many of the benefits of a window system on a text-only terminal. For instance, you can look at or edit several files at once, move text between files, and edit files while running shell commands.</para>
<para>When run under the X Window System (started as <command>xemacs</command>) Emacs provides its own menus and convenient bindings to mouse buttons. But Emacs can provide many of the benefits of a window system on a text-only terminal. For instance, you can look at or edit several files at once, move text between files, and edit files while running shell commands.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="sect_06_01_02_03"><title>Vi(m)</title>
<para>Vim stands for Vi IMproved. It used to be Vi IMitation, but there are so many improvements that a name change was appropriate. Vim is a text editor which includes almost all the commands from the UNIX program <command>vi</command> and a lot of new ones.</para>
<para>Commands in the <command>vi</command> editor are entered using only the keyboard, which has the advantage that you can keep your fingers on the keyboard and your eyes on the screen, rather than moving your arm repeatedly to the mouse. For those who want it, mouse support and a GUI version with scrollbars and menus can be activated.</para>
<para>We will refer to <command>vi</command> or <command>vim</command> throughout this book for editing files, while you are of course free to use the editor of your choice. However, we recommend to at least get the <command>vi</command> basics in the fingers, because it is the standard text editor on almost all UNIX systems, while <command>emacs</command> can be an optional package. There may be small differences between different computers and terminals, but the main point is that if you can work with <command>vi</command>, you can survive on any UNIX system.</para>
<para>Apart from the <command>vim</command> command, the <application>vIm</application> package also provides <command>gvim</command>, the Gnome version of <command>vim</command>. Beginning users might find this easier to use, because the menus offer help when you forgot or don't know how to perform a particular editing task using the standard <command>vim</command> commands.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ Commands that switch the editor to insert mode</title>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="sect_06_03_03_03"><title>But I want a graphical text editor!</title>
<para>If you really insist, try <command>gedit</command> or <command>xedit</command>; these programs only do text files, which is what we will be needing. If you plan on doing anything serious, though, stick to a real text mode editor such as <command>vim</command> or <command>emacs</command>.</para>
<para>An acceptable alternative is <command>gvim</command>, the Gnome version of <command>vim</command>. You still need to use <command>vi</command> commands, but if you are stuck, you can look them up in the menus.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>

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@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ The Bash prompt can do much more than displaying such simple information as your
echo "Hello $USER"
</screen>
<para>The script actually consists of only one command, <command>echo</command>, which uses the <emphasis>value of</emphasis> ($) the <varname>USER</varname> environment variable to print a string customized to the user issuing the command.</para>
<para>Another on-liner, used for displaying connected users:</para>
<para>Another one-liner, used for displaying connected users:</para>
<screen>
#!/bin/bash
who | cut -d " " -f 1 | sort -u

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@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
<para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Format documents</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Preview documents before sending them to the printer</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Choose a good printer that works with your Linux system</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Print files and check on printer status</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Troubleshoot printing problems</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Find necessary documentation to install a printer</para></listitem>

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@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ Verifying ... done
</screen>
<para>Note that the dumping is done on an unmounted device. Floppies created using this method will not be mountable in the file system, but it is of course the way to go for creating boot or rescue disks. For more information on the possibilities of <command>dd</command>, read the man pages.</para>
<para>This tool is part of the GNU <emphasis>fileutils</emphasis> package.</para>
<para>This tool is part of the GNU <emphasis>coreutils</emphasis> package.</para>
<note><title>Dumping disks</title>
<para>The <command>dd</command> command can also be used to make a raw dump of an entire hard disk.</para></note>
</sect3>

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@ -788,6 +788,14 @@
<para>Create a hybrid ISO9660 filesystem, see <xref linkend="sect_09_02_02" />.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="mplayer">
<glossterm>mplayer</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>Movie player/encoder for Linux, see <xref linkend="sect_07_03_04_03" />.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="more">
<glossterm>more</glossterm>
<glossdef>
@ -867,6 +875,13 @@
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="nmap">
<glossterm>nmap</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>Network exploration tool and security scanner.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="ntsysv">
<glossterm>ntsysv</glossterm>
<glossdef>
@ -875,6 +890,17 @@
</glossentry>
</glossdiv>
<glossdiv id="O"><title>O</title>
<glossentry id="ogle">
<glossterm>ogle</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>DVD player with support for DVD menus, see <xref linkend="sect_07_04_03_04" />.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
</glossdiv>
<glossdiv id="P"><title>P</title>
<glossentry id="passwd">
<glossterm>passwd</glossterm>
@ -966,6 +992,13 @@
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="rdesktop">
<glossterm>rdesktop</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>Remote Desktop Protocol client, see <xref linkend="sect_10_03_06" />.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="reboot">
<glossterm>reboot</glossterm>
<glossdef>
@ -1225,6 +1258,13 @@
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="tvtime">
<glossterm>tvime</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>A high quality television application.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="twm">
<glossterm>twm</glossterm>
<glossdef>
@ -1380,6 +1420,13 @@
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="xawtv">
<glossterm>xawtv</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>An X11 program for watching TV.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="xcdroast">
<glossterm>xcdroast</glossterm>
<glossdef>
@ -1425,10 +1472,17 @@
<glossentry id="xhost">
<glossterm>xhost</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>Server access control program for X, see <xref linkend="sect_10_03_03_02" /></para>
<para>Server access control program for X, see <xref linkend="sect_10_03_03_02" />.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="xine">
<glossterm>xine</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>A free video player, see <xref linkend="sect_07_04_03_04" />.</para> </glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="xinetd">
<glossterm>xinetd</glossterm>
<glossdef>
@ -1473,6 +1527,14 @@
</glossdiv>
<glossdiv id="Z"><title>Z</title>
<glossentry id="zapping">
<glossterm>zapping</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>A TV viewer for the Gnome environment.</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="zcat">
<glossterm>zcat</glossterm>
<glossdef>