diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml index a1273b86..27064b30 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/howtoChap.sgml @@ -4371,7 +4371,7 @@ community in Spain (written in Spanish). SPARC-HOWTO, SPARC-HOWTO -Updated: Nov 2000. +Updated: Oct 2003. Describes Linux on SPARC-based workstations. diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/hwSect.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/hwSect.sgml index 22fb5956..e83042b7 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/hwSect.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/HOWTO-INDEX/hwSect.sgml @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ and their solutions, availability and more. SPARC-HOWTO, SPARC-HOWTO -Updated: Nov 2000. +Updated: Oct 2003. Describes Linux on SPARC-based workstations. diff --git a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/SPARC-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/SPARC-HOWTO.sgml index c3a45f6f..7ea14a6f 100644 --- a/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/SPARC-HOWTO.sgml +++ b/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/SPARC-HOWTO.sgml @@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
- SPARC-HOWTO. <author>Lionel, trollhunter Bouchpan-Lerust-Juéry <htmlurl url ="mailto:trollhunter@linuxfr.org" name="<trollhunter@linuxfr.org>"> - - <date>v0.0.3 November 2000 + <date>v0.0.5 October 2003 <abstract> The SPARC family of microprocessors is a very good implementation -of the RISC design, -SPARC based workstations are usually very well engineered products, +of the RISC design and SPARC based computing devices cover a very wide +spectrum of applications, from mainframe class computers to radhard +microprocessors used by the aerospace industry in its space segment. + +SPARC based computers are usually very well engineered products, thus Linux on SPARC is a winning combination both in performance and ease of use. Actually this combination is not as widspread as the Linux/x86; this HOWTO @@ -21,35 +22,42 @@ regret it. <toc> - - - <sect>Preface. <p> This document is a step by step guide meant to provide information in order -to help you running Linux on SPARC based workstations, -As these computers are quite different from PCs there is -an hardware section, this should help you on understanding, how they -work, what to expect from the various CPUs and models. +to help you running Linux on SPARC based computers, +As these computers are quite different from PCs +an hardware section will provide you with the needed information in +order to understand how they work and what can be expected from the +various CPUs and models. <p> I am not a SPARC specialist, nor a Solaris or Linux guru, I am just -someone who is realy found of well engineered product, and I wish to +someone who is realy found of well engineered products, and wish to help you in choosing your hardware and finding information. Thus I have tried to write down this document in order to ease your path. <p> -I hope this document will help you and you will have a lot of fun -with your SPARC Workstation. +I hope this HOWTO will help you and you will have a lot of fun +with your SPARC Computer. + +<sect1>Translations. +<p> +Kim Hyun-Gyu +<htmlurl url ="mailto:babyworm@atlas.korea.ac.kr" name="<babyworm@atlas.korea.ac.kr>"> +provide a Korean translation. You can read it online at +<htmlurl +url="http://kldp.org/HOWTO/html/SPARC-HOWTO/" +name="http://kldp.org/HOWTO/html/SPARC-HOWTO/"> <sect>SPARC, which one ? <p> -We are only dealing with, SPARC based -workstations, in order to check, just +This document deals only with SPARC based +computers, in order to check, just type <tt>uname -m</tt> command and you should read something like <tt>sparc4x</tt> where x is blank,c,d,m,u if the system runs Solaris, or <tt>sparc</tt> for 32 bits SPARC architectures and <tt>sparc64</tt> for 64 bits SPARC architectures if it runs Linux. -2.2.x +2.x.y <p> @@ -57,26 +65,26 @@ SPARC stands for Scalable Processor ARChitecture, it derives from research done between 1984-1988 on the RISC architecture at UC Berkeley. It exists 3 versions of this archiecture, SPARC-V7, SPARC-V8 -( 32 bits ) and SPARC-V9 ( 64 bits ). -As you are likely to encounter a lot of implementations of -the SPARC architecture, I have summarized the main features -of theses processors. +(32 bits) and SPARC-V9 (64 bits). +As you are likely to encounter a lot of implementations of +the SPARC architecture, in the next section, the main features +of theses processors are summarized. <sect1>Sun SPARC <p> This is quite obsolete, it is an implementation of the -SPARC-V7 ; its main feature are an Integer unit ( IU ), an external Floating Point Unit ( FPU ), -an unified data + instruction 64KB direct associative cache, and an Memory Managment Unit ( MMU ). +SPARC-V7 ; its main feature are an Integer unit (IU), an external Floating Point Unit (FPU), +an unified data + instruction 64KB direct associative cache, and an Memory Managment Unit (MMU). There is a 4 stage pipeline for the integer instructions -( fetch F, decode D, exec E, update WB ) -FPU and IU are synchronized +(fetch F, decode D, exec E, update WB) +FPU and IU are synchronized. <sect1>Super SPARC <p> -This is Texas Instrument and Sun's brainchild, it is usualy found at clok rates around 50Mhz -featuring up to 1MB L2 cache, it is available both on single and dual processor modules -( SparcStation 10 and SparcStation 20 ). The higher clock frequency I -have encountered is 60Mhz. +This is Texas Instrument and Sun's brainchild, it is usualy found at around 50Mhz clok rates +featuring up to 1MB of L2 cache, it is available both as single and dual processor modules +(SparcStation 10 and SparcStation 20). The higher clock frequency I +have encountered so far is 60Mhz. <p> On a technical point of view this is a SPARC-V8 implementation, it is a superscalar processor, @@ -88,10 +96,10 @@ having 2 caches, one for instruction the other one for data. <sect1>Micro SPARC <p> -This is once again Texas Instrument and Sun's brainchild, you can find -it in the SparcStation Classic, SparcStation LX, at frequency up to -50Mhz. Its derivative the Micro SPARC II can be found in SparcStation -4, SparcStation 5 at frequencies up to 110Mhz. +This is once again Texas Instrument and Sun's brainchild, it can be found + in the SparcStation Classic, SparcStation LX, at frequency up to +50Mhz. Its derivative, the Micro SPARC II can be found in the SparcStation +4 and SparcStation 5 at frequencies up to 110Mhz. <p> On a technical point of view, its main features are a high level of integration, having 2 caches, one for instructions, the other one for @@ -102,29 +110,121 @@ data. <item>A 2KB data direct associative cache. </itemize> -It is not possible to had an L2 cache. -If wish to learn more about the MicroSPARC processor you can browse +It is not possible to add an L2 cache. +If you wish to learn more about the MicroSPARC processor you can browse Sun's <htmlurl -url="http://www.sun.com/microelectronics/microSPARC/" +url="http://www.sun.com/processors/index.html" name=" Ultra SPARC"> ressources. <sect1>Hyper SPARC <p> This processor was introduced by ROSS in 1993, it is usualy found in the SparcStation 10, and SparcStation 20, at frequencies up to 150Mhz -( I have heard of 200Mhz dual processor modules, but Have not -witnessed one yet ). It can be found on single or dual +(I have heard of 200Mhz dual processor modules, but Have not +witnessed one yet). It can be found on single or dual processor modules. <p> On a technical point of view it is an implementation of the SPARC-V8, it is superscalar. It can be found with L2 cache up to 512KB +<sect1>ERC32 +<p> +This is a radhard SPARC V7 microprocessor designed to be used on the +space segment. +<p> +It comes as a single unit or as a three chip +package. Main manufacturer is <tt>ATMEL</tt> in Nantes, +France. At least, one software vendor claims to have GNU/Linux running +on this CPU , this is for the +RTEMS +<htmlurl +url="http://dse.cyberclwn.com/sparc-rtems-erc32.htm" +name="http://dse.cyberclwn.com/sparc-rtems-erc32.htm">. This project +has not been updated since March 2001. As I have not had the +opportunity to check this claim. I am more than doubtful. + +<sect1>LEON +<p> +This is also a radhard implementation of the SPARC V8 designed to be +used on the space segment. It is the ESA's brainchild and the lead +designer is jiri gaisler. +More information can be found on LEON's website : +<htmlurl +url="http://www.gaisler.com/leonmain.html" +name="http://www.gaisler.com/leonmain.html" > +<p> +The 2.4 and 2.5 kernel series are not yet supported, however the 2.0 kernel +series is supported by the <tt>uClinux</tt> MMU less +GNU/Linux distribution. +This distribution has been built on a SuSE 8.0 GNU/Linux distribution +with gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 and a 2.4.18 kernel. +Hereafter is the boot sequence and a sample session inside the + tsim-leon simulator. +<code> + +piou@linux:~/uClinux-dist/images> ./tsim-leon -nfp image.elf + + TSIM/LEON SPARC simulator, version 1.1.4a (evaluation version) + + Copyright (C) 2001, Gaisler Research - all rights reserved. + This software may only be used with a valid license. + For latest updates, go to http://www.gaisler.com/ + Comments or bug-reports to tsim@gaisler.com + +FPU disabled +serial port A on stdin/stdout +allocated 4096 K RAM memory, in 1 bank(s) +allocated 2048 K ROM memory +icache: 1 * 4 kbytes, 16 bytes/line (4 kbytes total) +dcache: 1 * 4 kbytes, 16 bytes/line (4 kbytes total) +section: .text at 0x0, size 252944 bytes +section: .data at 0x40000000, size 38452 bytes +section: .romfs at 0x3dc10, size 67584 bytes +tsim> g +resuming at 0x00000000 +aCDG512k RAM + +Found my key + +Moved .data + +Found my key + + + +uClinux/Sparc +Flat model support (C) 1998-2000 Kenneth Albanowski, D. Jeff Dionne +LEON-2.1 Sparc V8 support (C) 2000 D. Jeff Dionne, Lineo Inc. +LEON-2.2/LEON-2.3 Sparc V8 support (C) 2001 The LEOX team <team@leox.org>. +Calibrating delay loop.. ok - 6.68 BogoMIPS +Memory available: 3904k/4080k RAM, 0k/0k ROM (176k kernel data, 247k code) +Swansea University Computer Society NET3.035 for Linux 2.0 +NET3: Unix domain sockets 0.13 for Linux NET3.035. +uClinux version 2.0.39.uc2 (root@linux) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)) 6 Thu Dec 26 18:28:01 PST 2002 +LEON serial driver version 0.9 +ttyS0 (irq = 3) is a builtin LEON UART +Blkmem copyright 1998,1999 D. Jeff Dionne +Blkmem copyright 1998 Kenneth Albanowski +Blkmem 1 disk images: +0: 3DC10-4E40F (RO) +VFS: Mounted root (romfs filesystem) readonly. + +Sash command shell (version 1.1.1) +/> pwd +/ +/> cd bin +/bin> pwd +/bin +/bin> ls +sh +/bin> +</code> <sect1>Ultra SPARC <p> The Ultra SPARC processor is an extension of the SPARC-V9 architecture, it is a 64 bits processor, it features some video -processing instructions. It is found in all the workstation whose name +processing instructions. It is found in all the computer whose name start with Ultra. <p> The Ultra SPARC II is an improvement of the Ultra SPARC, the @@ -133,14 +233,37 @@ processors, it was first introduced in the SunBlade 1000 Workstation. If wish to learn more about the UltraSPARC processors you can browse Sun's <htmlurl -url="http://www.sun.com/microelectronics/UltraSPARC/" +url="http://www.sun.com/processors/index.html" name=" Ultra SPARC"> ressources. +<sect1>SPARC64 V +<p> +This processor is based on the SPARC V9 and is made by Fujitsu +It is a 64bits CPU with some very interesting error handling features such as +ECC memory for + the L1 cache, hardware instruction retry, error classification. +<p> +There is a 64 bit virtual address space and 43 bit physical address space. +It is used in the PRIMEPOWER high end servers to mainframe class of Fujitsu's +offering. + <p> +The cache is organized as : +<itemize> +<item>A 128kB 2 way associative L1 instruction cache +<item>A 128kB 2 way associative L1 data cache +<item>A 2MB unified 4 way associative L2 cache +</itemize> + +More information can be found on the +<htmlurl +url="http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/PRMPWR/JPS1-R1.0-SPARC64V-pub.pdf" +name="http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/PRMPWR/JPS1-R1.0-SPARC64V-pub.pdf"> +whitepaper. <p> You may read the <htmlurl -url="http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CPU-Design-HOWTO.html" +url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/CPU-Design-HOWTO.html" name="CPU-Design-HOWTO">, this HOWTO has a lot of interesting links when it comes to studying the CPUs. <p> @@ -162,32 +285,32 @@ capable: up to 2 CPU modules. For more information on the SparcStation 5, 10, 20 you can read Sun's <htmlurl -url="http://docs.sun.com/ab2/" +url="http://docs.sun.com/" name=" documentation ">online or download it available. <p> The following model have an 64 bits UltraSPARC -architecture ( sun4u ). -SunUltra 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 60, 80 and SunBlade 1000. +architecture (sun4u). +SunUltra 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 60, 80 and SunBlade 1000, 1500, 2000. The SunUltra 2, 60, 80 and SunBlade 1000 are SMP capable, -with the Ultra 80 and SunBlade 1000 accepting up to 4 CPU modules, +with the Ultra 80 and SunBlade 1000 and 2000 accepting up to 4 CPU modules, the SunUltra 2 and 60 accepting only 2 CPU modules. <p> -The SunBlade 1000 is the latest one featuring Sun's latest marvel +The SunBlade 2000 is the latest one featuring Sun's latest marvel the Ultra III CPU, at a premium price of course. You can have a summary of the UltraWorkstation still in production at <htmlurl -url="http://www.sun.com/desktop/products/ultrafeatures.html" +url="http://www.sun.com/desktop/products/" name="Sun's"> website. <p> A lot of information has been compiled in the <htmlurl -url="http://www.aceshardware.com/files/sun-hardware-faq.txt" -name="Sun hardware reference"> that is found on AcesHardware's website, +url="http://www.lysator.liu.se/local/datorhandbok/SunHardwareFAQ.html" +name="Sun hardware reference"> that is found on many sites, or on <htmlurl -url="http://www.sunhelp.org/pages.php?page=info-ref" +url="http://www.sunhelp.org/info-ref.php" name="SunHelp"> 's website. <sect1>Deciphering the CPUs @@ -217,7 +340,7 @@ where <item><tt>cache</tt> The amount of cache memory expressed in Kilobytes. </itemize> -When theses modules are in a workstations the naming convention is +When these modules are in a workstation the naming convention is HSxy, for example <tt>ywing</tt> is a SparcStation 20 HS22, thus it is easier to have a look inside the workstation. <sect2>SM modules. @@ -255,10 +378,18 @@ Cypress manufactured SPARC compliants processors; AFAIK their naming scheme is CYnnn. As you can see, this is easy to understand. -<sect>Buying a SPARC workstation. + +<sect1>The javastation. +<p> +This is a family of Network computers that used to be manufactured by Sun, +there is a very good +<htmlurl url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/JavaStation-HOWTO/" +name="JavaStation-HOWTO"> about it. + +<sect>Buying a SPARC computer. <p> -You have decided to buy a SPARC based workstation, now you +You have decided to buy a SPARC based computer, now you can tell what CPU each model sports, but can you tell how that particuliar model looks like? How its is inside? <p> @@ -269,7 +400,7 @@ providing you with some hints on how to inspect and test the hardware. <p> PC hardware is everywhere and usualy one is quite familiar with it, this is not exactly the case with SPARC based hardware, -even more when it comes to the innards of a workstation. The good news +even more when it comes to the innards of a computer. The good news is that it exists some sites on the web, where you can find pictures of Sun hardware, with some very detailed shots, thus you should be able to instantly identify the model and its condition prior to buy it. @@ -299,11 +430,16 @@ more fun to work with exotic hardware. Clone systems have been or are still manufactured, at least by: <itemize> <item>Fujitsu. +<item>Toshiba <item>Ross <item>Tadpole/RDI manufactures SPARC based laptops. <item><htmlurl url="http://www.tsti.com" -name="Tatung"> +name="Tatung"> is still in the market and sells SBus, PCI cards, and +of course systems up to the UltraSPARC III based 2U and 4U servers. +For more information about tatung's COMPServer and COMPStations, please read +the Tatung's Workstations and Servers sections of this document. + <item>Toshiba, used to manufacture SPARC based laptops: The AS1000. @@ -345,10 +481,10 @@ noises? Does it smell OK?. Then enter the OpenBoot by the <tt>stop+a</tt> command and run some tests ( see the OpenBoot section ). When you have decided to purchase it, it is very important that you -always make sure that the workstation you are purchasing is the one +always make sure that the computer you are purchasing is the one you have tested: always keep an eye on it, do not let someone go to the backoffice with it for example, do not accept to leave without -your workstation. +your computer. <p> Then, when you are at home, recheck it as if it was the first time you see it. @@ -467,6 +603,190 @@ Of course you should run this script once in order to know how much time it takes to complete, this is just an idea on how to automate things. +<sect>SPARC based laptops +<p> + +There exists SPARC based, laptops. + +They are not very widespread but, they are actually very good SPARC workstations. +<itemize> +<item>SparcBook 1: +<item>SparcBook 2: +<item>Tadpole SparcBook 3GX: +This is a 100Mhz MicroSPARC II (TI) with a Weitek P9100 frame buffer and a screen resolution of 800x600. +GNU/Linux runs on it +The PCMCIA, internal modem and power management are not supported at the time +of this writing. + +</itemize> +For more information about the SPARCBooks there exists a SPARCBook FAQ, you can read it at +<htmlurl +url="http://hvdkooij.xs4all.nl/docs/SparcBook-FAQ.html" +name="http://hvdkooij.xs4all.nl/docs/SparcBook-FAQ.html" +> + +There exists a <tt>Linux Mobile Guide</tt> that provides you with the needed +informations about GNU/Linux on laptops. +You can read it there: +<htmlurl +url="http://www.tuxmobil.org/Mobile-Guide.db/Mobile-Guide.html" +name="http://www.tuxmobil.org/Mobile-Guide.db/Mobile-Guide.html"> + +Today there are some manufacturers of SPARC based laptops. +You can access their websites at +<itemize> +<item> +Tadpole: + <htmlurl +url="http://www.tadpolecomputer.com/html/" +name="http://www.tadpolecomputer.com/html/"> +<item> +Nextcomputing: + <htmlurl +url="http://www.nextcomputing.com" +name="http://www.nextcomputing.com"> + At least one of their laptops, the NextBlade 150 is advertised as being + capable to run both +Solaris and the RedHat GNU/Linux. +</itemize> + +<sect>The wonderful SparcStation Voyager +<p> + +Nearly ten years ago in 1994, Sun microsystems introduced the SPARCStation +Voyager +(ss240). +This computer was a Sun4m architecture, powered by a microSPARC II processor. +It is a very compact computer, behing a hybrid between a desktop and a Laptop. +It has the footprint of a very compact workstation with a builtin color LCD +display, PCMCIA and InfraRed ports with a 2"5 SCSI harddrive. +I have seen one at the CCC in Berlin, runing Debian GNU/Linux but the InfraRed and +PCMCIA ports are not supported. +Its datasheet is actually very impressive: + +<itemize> +<item>60 Mhz microSPARC +<item>up to 48MB RAM +<item>up to 810MB fast SCSI 2 Harddrive +<item>5.5 by 14.5 footprint +<item>12" 1024x768x8 color LCD or 14" monochrome or 14" +display in 1152x900 +<item>Ethernet 10 display +<item>storage temperature -25C to 60C +<item>operating temperature 0C to 40C + +</itemize> + +More information about this computer can be found on Sun's website at: + +<htmlurl +url="http://sunsolve.sun.com/handbook_pub/Systems/SSVygr/SSVygr.html" +name="http://sunsolve.sun.com/handbook_pub/Systems/SSVygr/SSVygr.html"> +<sect>Sun's Netra servers +<p> +GNU/Linux is known to run on the following systems: +<itemize> +<item>SBUS based Netra +<itemize> +<item>Netra i +</itemize> +<item>PCI based Netra +<itemize> +<item>Netra T +<item>Netra X1 +</itemize> +</itemize> +Installation kernel images can be downloaded from +<code> +http://sunsite.ulatina.ac.cr/Unix/Linux/Splack/ +sparc/splack-8.0/kernels/sun4u.s +</code> + + +<sect>Sun's Enterprise servers +<p> +GNU/Linux is known to run on the following systems: + +<itemize> +<item>SBUS based servers +<itemize> +<item>Enterprise 1 +<item>Enterprise 2 +<item>Enterprise 150 +<item>Enterprise 3000 +<item>Enterprise 3500 +<item>Enterprise 4000 +<item>Enterprise 4500 +<item>Enterprise 5000 +<item>Enterprise 6000 +<item>Enterprise 6500 +<item>Enterprise 10000 (up to 64 CPUs can be fitted in this server. +It is nicknamed StarFire) +</itemize> +As far as I know, Linux on these systems have been tested with up to 24 CPUs + +<item>PCI based servers +<itemize> +<item>Enterprise 250 +<item>Enterprise 450 +</itemize> + + + +</itemize> +One of the locations installation kernel images can be downloaded from +is +<code> +http://sunsite.ulatina.ac.cr/Unix/Linux/Splack/ +sparc/splack-8.0/kernels/sun4u.s +</code> + +<sect>Tatung's Workstations +<p> +GNU Linux runs fine on these systems: +<itemize> + +<item>COMPStation 5-110: This is a Sun's SparcStation 5 clone. +<item>COMPStation 10: This is a SparcStation 10 clone. +<item>COMPStation 20: This is a SparcStation 20 clone. +<item>COMPStation 40: This is a SparcStation clone. +<item>COMPStation U2: This is a dual 200Mhz UltraSPARC based worstation. +<item>COMPStation U10S: This is an 440Mhz UltraSPARC IIi based workstation. +<item>COMPStation U100T: This is an 500Mhz UltraSPARC IIe based workstation + +</itemize> + +<sect>Tatung's SPARC Servers +<p> +GNU/Linux runs on the following servers from this manufacturer: +<itemize> +<item>COMPServer 1U: TWS 1101R and TWS 1102R : These are single 500Mhz UltraSPARC IIe servers. +<item>COMPServer 2U: TWS 1200R: This is a single 500Mhz UltraSPARC IIe server. +<item>COMPServer U4MP: This is a quad 450/480 Mhz UltraSPARC II server. +<item>COMPServer U4MP-R: This is the rackable U4MP CompServer. +<item>COMPServer U60SR: This is a dual 450 Mhz UltraSPARC II rackable Server. +</itemize> + +<sect>Fujitsu's supercomputers +<p> +At least one of their supercomputers, the AP1000+, + runs GNU/Linux. This is a distributed memory multi-computer. It is used in the +<tt>CAP</tt> program which is a collaborative research program between +Fujitsu Laboratories and the +Australian National University. +This computer was used in the phase 1 of this +project. +They have managed to run Linux on a 16 node computer with 16 MB ram per CPU +module. More information about this project can be found on this page: +<htmlurl +url="http://cap.anu.edu.au/cap/projects/linux/" +name="http://cap.anu.edu.au/cap/projects/linux/"> + +<p> +More information can be found about Fujitsu's offering on this page: +<htmlurl +url="http://www.fujitsu.com/support/computing/server/unix/documents/" +name="http://www.fujitsu.com/support/computing/server/unix/documents/"> <sect>Linux on SPARC: 2 kernels. <p> @@ -474,7 +794,7 @@ Actually Linux on SPARC architecture comes in two flavors: <itemize> <item>A 32 bits kernel for the Sun SPARC, Super SPARC, Micro SPARC and Hyper SPARC Processors. -<item>A 64 bits kernel for UltraSPARC based workstations. +<item>A 64 bits kernel for UltraSPARC based computers. </itemize> In both case most applications run in 32 bit ( 32 bit userland ). There is a comprehensive @@ -493,20 +813,20 @@ In order to help you with this task here are some links, that should help you to make an informed decision. <p> -<sect1>Caldera Open Linux. +<sect1>Aurora SPARC Linux <p> - -The 2.2 release of OpenLinux for SPARC platform can be downloaded at - +This distribution is based on the RedHat 7.3 SPARC distribution. +The homepage is: <htmlurl - url="ftp://ftp.openlinux.org/pub/sparclinux/" - name="ftp://ftp.openlinux.org/pub/sparclinux/"> +url="http://www.auroralinux.org/" +name="http://www.auroralinux.org/"> +It is on the rise. +There exists 3 mailing lists. You can join them at +<htmlurl +url="http://lists.auroralinux.org/mailman/listinfo" +name="http://lists.auroralinux.org/mailman/listinfo"> -You can join the mailing list by sending a mail to -<htmlurl url ="mailto:majordomo@openlinux.org" name="< -majordomo@openlinux.org >"> with subscribe sparclinux in the body. - <sect1>Debian GNU/Linux. <p> Debian GNU/Linux runs on SPARC platform; @@ -521,88 +841,136 @@ You can join the mailing list by sending a mail to <htmlurl url ="mailto:debian-sparc-request@lists.debian.org" name="< debian-sparc-request@lists.debian.org >"> with subscribe as the subject. -<sect1>Linux Mandrake. +<sect1>Gentoo <p> -Mandrake corporate server for SPARC can be downloaded at +This is a SPARC and SPARC64 distribution, more informations can be found at <htmlurl - url="ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/Mandrake/iso/corporate-1.0/sparc" - name="ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/Mandrake/iso/corporate-1.0/sparc"> +url="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-sparc-install.xml" +name="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-sparc-install.xml"> -It consists of two ISOs, the core distribution is the *inst.iso one and -the other one, *ext.iso, is the extension CD. +<sect1>PLD. +<p> +This distribution is based on the RedHat and is developed in Poland. +They do have a SPARC 32 port. +More information can be found at their homepage +<htmlurl +url="http://pld.org.pl/" +name="http://pld.org"> +They also provide some mailing lists. More information can be found there: +<htmlurl +url="http://mail.pld.org.pl/mailman/listinfo/" +name="http://mail.pld.org.pl/mailman/listinfo/"> <sect1>RedHat Linux. <p> -The latest RedHat Linux distriution is the 6.2; you can download it +The latest RedHat Linux distribution for the SPARC architecture is the 6.2; you can download it at <htmlurl - url="ftp://rufus.w3.org/linux/redhat/redhat-6.2/sparc/" - name="ftp://rufus.w3.org/linux/redhat/redhat-6.2/sparc/"> for example. + url="http://www.linuxiso.org/download.php/243/zoot-sparc.iso" + name="http://www.linuxiso.org/download.php/243/zoot-sparc.iso"> for example. -The mailing list can be joined by sending a mail at - -<htmlurl url ="mailto:sparc-list-request@redhat.com" name="< -sparc-list-request@redhat.com >"> with subscribe as the subject. - -At the time of this writting -RedHat has announced its intention not to support anymore SPARC Linux in -the future. - -<sect1>Slackware Linux. -<p> -This distribution is unsupported at the time of this writting, -and is not available as ISO. -You can download it at +There exists a mailing list about Linux and RedHat on SPARC Processors, +you can access it there: <htmlurl - url="ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/unsupported/protopkg/" - name="ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/unsupported/protopkg/"> +url="http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/sparc-list" +name="http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/sparc-list"> - -<sect1>SuSe Linux. +<sect1>Slackware <p> -The SuSe Linux 7.0 distribution is quite complete, you have 4 ISOs to +There exists a port for the SPARC architecture, more information +is available at +<htmlurl +url="http://www.slackware.com/ports/sparc/" +name="http://www.slackware.com/ports/sparc/"> + +<sect1>SLXT +<p> + +Actually, the SPARC-Linux Xterminal Package is not a distribution, it is +a way to use a diskless SPARCStation as an X terminal. This is a a very convenient +package. +More information can be found at +<htmlurl +url="http://www.pucebaboon.com/SLXT/" +name="http://www.pucebaboon.com/SLXT/"> + + +<sect1>SplackLinux +<p> + +It is meant to be Slackware Compatible for SPARC. +Its homepage is +<htmlurl +url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/splack" +name="http://sourceforge.net/projects/splack"> + + +<sect1>SuSE Linux. +<p> + +The SuSE Linux 7.3 distribution is quite complete, you have 5 ISOs to download. You can grab it at the following URL: <htmlurl url="ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/sparc" name="ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/sparc"> +In the subdirectories you will also find bonus software such as +KDE libraries and programms. + +There is a mirror site located in Germany: +<htmlurl + url="ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/suse/" + name="ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/suse/"> +And, there are some extra files on the +SuSE's + server. You can join the mailing list by sending a blank mail to -<htmlurl url="mailto:suse-sparc-subscribe@suse.com" name="< +<htmlurl url="mail to:suse-sparc-subscribe@suse.com" name="< suse-sparc-subscribe@suse.com >"> +More information can be found at: +<htmlurl + url="http://www.suse.com" + name="http://www.suse.com"> -<sect1>TurboLinux. +<sect1>Vine Linux <p> -<htmlurl url="http://www.turbolinux.com" -name="TurboLinux "> -Workstation 6.1 for intel ships with a -SPARC developper release CD. +This is a Japanese distribution and there exist a SPARC port. +It is an rpm based distribution. +From the documentation, it supports both SPARC 32 and SPARC 64. +The documentation (in Japanese ;-) ) can be read online at +<htmlurl +url="http://www.vinelinux.org/sparc/2.1.5/install-vine-sparc-2.1.5.html" +name="http://www.vinelinux.org/sparc/2.1.5/install-vine-sparc-2.1.5.html"> + +<sect>Installing Linux <p> + To install Linux on a SPARC based computer, should be strightforward if you follow the informations provided by your distribution. <p> To boot from a floppy drive you have to have an install image on a floppy disk and to issue the <tt>boot floppy</tt> from the OpenBoot. <p> -If your workstation does not have a CDROM or a floppy drive, you can always try +If your computer does not have a CDROM or a floppy drive, you can always try to perform a network installation using <tt>NFS</tt> as explained by this French document: <htmlurl url="http://www.linux-france.org/article/materiel/sparc-install/Sparc-netinstall.html" name="http://www.linux-france.org/article/materiel/sparc-install/Sparc-netinstall.html"> . Basicaly, you have to set up an <tt>NFS</tt> server and to boot your -workstation using the +computer using the <tt>boot net vmlinux nfsroot=192.168.52.12:/tmp</tt> in order to access the image that is exported by the -<tt>192.168.52.12</tt> workstation on the <tt>/tmp</tt> directory. +<tt>192.168.52.12</tt> computer on the <tt>/tmp</tt> directory. <sect>Working with the Openboot. <p> -In this section, I will give you an overview of what is the OpenBoot, +In this section, you will be given an overview of what is the OpenBoot, and you will be given the main commands you need to know in order to test your hardware and to install Linux. @@ -610,9 +978,9 @@ your hardware and to install Linux. <p> If you are used to PC hardware, you are used to interact with -its BIOS. SPARC computers have an Openoot, it may seem to be like +its BIOS. SPARC computers have an Openboot, it may seem to be like your BIOS, but it is actually far more powerfull. -The Openoot performs the following tasks: +The Openboot performs the following tasks: <itemize> <item>Testing and initializing the hardware. <item>Starting the operating System. @@ -695,48 +1063,50 @@ interface. <itemize> <item><tt>eject-floppy</tt> Ejects the floppy. -<item><tt>power-off</tt> Poweroff the workstation. +<item><tt>power-off</tt> Poweroff the computer. </itemize> -You can poweroff your workstation, when you are working with the +You can poweroff your computer, when you are working with the OpenBoot : just type <tt>power-off</tt> For more informations on the OpenBoot you can read it's -<htmlurl -url="http://www.sunworld.com/swol-10-1995/swol-10-openboot.html" +<htmlurl +url="http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/616/UIR951001openboot/" name=" FAQ"> <sect>Hard drive buses. <p> -Depending on their architecture, the worstations are likely to feature +Depending on their architecture, the computers are likely to feature one of the following hard drive buses. <sect1>SCSI-SCA. <p> -An SCSI connector is located at the rear of the Workstation; -the SCA chanel is found on the internal bus of the SPARC Worstations, it +An SCSI connector is located at the rear of the Computer; +the SCA chanel is found on the internal bus of the SPARC Worstation. It can be basicaly seen as an SCSI bus that provides power supply and assigns SCSI ID to the peripherals. <sect1>EIDE. <p> -This is found for example in an Ultra 5 or Ultra 10 workstations +This is found for example in an Ultra 5 or Ultra 10 computers +This bus is the one you can find in your intel box. <sect1>FC-AL <p> +This is the FiberChannel bus. It is used by the SunBlade 1000 workstation. <sect>CDROM: specific settings. <p> -The easiest way to install linux on SPARC workstation is to use a -CDROM. If your workstation does not have a CDROM you can plug an +The easiest way to install linux on SPARC computer is to use a +CDROM. If your computer does not have a CDROM you can plug an external SCSI CDROM drive, but there are two things to do or you are doomed to fail: <itemize> <item>When you issue the <tt>boot cdrom</tt> command, the CDROM is -mapped to ID6. +mapped to ID number 6. <item>Your CDROM player's block size should be setted up on 512. </itemize> -As a rule of thumb, nearly all CDROM drives can be assigned to ID #6 but be -carefull about the block size setting. +As a rule of thumb, nearly all SCSI CDROM drives can be assigned to ID number +6 but you should check if the block size setting can be changed. <sect>SILO. @@ -764,21 +1134,96 @@ reinstall the maps). <p> Actually, IMHO it is easier to use than LILO. +<sect>Compiling a kernel + +<p> +If you have already compiled a kernel on x86 architecture +there is just a little difference when you wish to compile +a kernel on SPARC architecture. +<p> +you do not type +<code> +#make zImage +#make modules +#make modules_install +</code> +but +<code> +#make vmlinux +#make modules +#make modules_install +</code> +More information can be found on +<htmlurl +url="http://www.ultralinux.org/faq.html" +name="http://www.ultralinux.org/faq.html " > +Then, from the Ultralinux's FAQ the following steps are : +<itemize> +<item>1.Copy <tt>linux/System.map</tt> to your bootfile directory (eg. <tt>/boot</tt>), and rename this file to <code>System.map-<kernel-version></code> +<item>2.Copy <tt>linux/vmlinux</tt> to your bootfile directory, and rename this file to <code>vmlinux-<kernel-version></code> +<item>3.Edit <tt>/etc/silo.conf</tt>, and add your new kernel to this file.</item> +<item>4.Reboot your machine.</item> +</itemize> +<p> +If you have trouble compiling your kernel, maybe it needs to be +pached. There are many patches floating around on the net. There +exists a website that put some of them online on a regular basis both +for the stable and unstable branches. Those patches apply to the +hardware used by the site's owner and this should be considered as a +very good starting point to be adapted to your hardware. +More information can be found at +<htmlurl +url="http://osinvestor.com/sparc/" +name="http://osinvestor.com/sparc/"> + You can also email the site's owner, Rob Radez : +<htmlurl +url="mailto:rob@osinvestor.com" +name="<rob@osinvestor.com>"> +If you are unfamiliar with paches he also made them available as +debian packages. + + <sect>Keyboard and mouse. <p> Most of the sun4m workstation have a special connector for the keyboard. In this case the mouse is connected indifferently to -left or the right side of the keyboard. Some workstations have a +left or the right side of the keyboard. Some computers have a PS2 connector, it is very easy to spot the difference. The keyboards you are the more likely to encounter are the type4 and type5. +</p> +<p> +At the time of this writting, I didn't manage to have mouse support +on the Sun Blade 100. Things should become easier in the near future. - <sect>X Window. <p> -XFree, usualy, runs fine on theses systems. -The XServer for the Sun hardware should be the Xsun, XsunMono or Xsun24 one. +<tt>XFree</tt>, usually, runs fine on theses systems. +The table below helps you choose the XFree86 4.2.0 server that matches your +graphic adapter: + +<code> +Graphic Adapter Xserver + +Sun Creator 3D sunffb +Sun Elite 3D sunffb +Sun GX suncg6 +Sun Leo (ZX) sunleo +Sun TCX suntcx +Sun Turbo GX suncg6 +Sun bw2 sunbw2 +Sun cg14 suncg14 +Sun cg3 suncg3 +</code> + +There is a catch with the 13W3 video connector that equips some +of the framebuffers you may encounter. +One may try to plug it on a VGA monitor using an 13W3 to VGA adaptor that +is sold on the market. The problem is that SGI and Sun Microsystems do +not have the same definition of this standard and depending of the adapter +you buy, this may work or not (you know Murphy ...). As a rule, idealy you should +try it before you buy. <sect>SMP. <p> @@ -839,10 +1284,7 @@ different clock speeds, the following ones __SHOULD__ work: </itemize> -If you want to learn more about SMP and Linux you can read the -<htmlurl -url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SMP-HOWTO.html" -name="SMP-HOWTO" > + <p> How does it performs? Well, it is fast, really fast. Some of the java Demos can run faster on a dual HyperSparc 125Mhz 128MB ( <tt>ywing</tt> ) than on a dual @@ -860,27 +1302,128 @@ url="http://www.aceshardware.com/Spades/read.php?article_id=76" name="AcesHardware"> , but I have not witnessed it. -I plan to upgrade <tt>ywing</tt> to 4 CPU in order to see how the performance -scales. +<tt>ywing</tt> has been upgraded to quad-CPU. You can read the +kernel's message: + +<code> +cpu : ROSS HyperSparc RT625 or RT626 +fpu : ROSS HyperSparc combined IU/FPU +promlib : Version 3 Revision 2 +prom : 2.25 +type : sun4m +ncpus probed : 4 +ncpus active : 4 +Cpu0Bogo : 125.33 +Cpu1Bogo : 125.33 +Cpu2Bogo : 125.33 +Cpu3Bogo : 125.33 +MMU type : ROSS HyperSparc +invall : 0 +invmm : 0 +invrnge : 0 +invpg : 0 +contexts : 4096 +CPU0 : online +CPU1 : online +CPU2 : online +CPU3 : online +</code> + +and its main memory is now 256MB: + +<code> +total: used: free: shared: buffers: cached: +Mem: 263028736 29114368 233914368 22958080 1695744 12779520 +Swap: 133849088 0 133849088 +MemTotal: 256864 kB +MemFree: 228432 kB +MemShared: 22420 kB +Buffers: 1656 kB +Cached: 12480 kB +BigTotal: 0 kB +BigFree: 0 kB +SwapTotal: 130712 kB +SwapFree: 130712 kB +</code> + +So I have performed an empirical <tt>proftpd</tt> compilation test using the +<tt>make -JN</tt>. The results are: +<code> +with make +real 3m27.466s +user 3m15.670s +sys 0m12.030s + +with make -j2 + +real 1m52.670s +user 3m27.210s +sys 0m15.310s + +with make -j3 + +real 1m22.560s +user 3m43.910s +sys 0m18.070s + +with make -j4 +real 1m13.582s +user 4m2.200s +sys 0m22.830s + +with make -j5 +real 1m13.445s +user 4m4.060s +sys 0m22.640s + +with make -j8 + +real 1m15.550s +user 4m1.840s +sys 0m22.960s + +with make -j 10 +real 1m20.091s +user 4m2.440s +sys 0m22.170s + +</code> + +As expected the best results are with make -j5 ( one instance per CPU + +one ready to enter when a cache miss occurs ); then N increasing the results +are starting to worsen. + +As a conclusion, those <tt>sun4m</tt> SMP systems will be very +interesting when Gimp 2.0 will be available because of multitreading + and paralelization of algorithms. + +If you want to learn more about SMP and Linux you can read the +<tt>SMP-HOWTO</tt> +<htmlurl +url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/SMP-HOWTO.html" +name="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/SMP-HOWTO.html"> <sect>The sound. <p> -The sound is supposed to work under Linux, using the <tt>ioctl</tt> application. -On my SparcStation 20, the sound works fine under Solaris8, but I have not yet managed to hear -anything under Linux ( The Sound of Silence? ). +The sound works fine on my SparcStation 20 and a 2.4.x kernel series. +Most of the people I know report succes with the 2.4 kernel series. + <p> -You can read the Linux/Sparc audio webpage at +If you plan to use an older kernel, +you can read the Linux/Sparc audio webpage at <htmlurl url="http://www.dementia.org/~shadow/sparcaudio.html" -name="sparcaudio"> for more informations. +name="sparcaudio"> which + is a very good source of information about Sound support on Sun's +SparcStations. - <sect>Serial port. <p> Sun workstations ususaly have 2 serial ports, but on sun4m workstation there is usualy only one serial connector at the rear, you need a special Y cable in order to have access to both ports. + <sect>Ressources. <p> @@ -896,13 +1439,13 @@ website or to add any information do not hesitate to email me. url="http://www.aceshardware.com/" name="http://www.aceshardware.com/"> An hardware information site having a SPARC area, actually -the whole site runs on a SparcStation 20 SM71, 128MB ! Ouaich, -definitively not an Intel clone. +the whole site used to run on a SparcStation 20 SM71, 128MB ! Ouaich, +definitively not an Intel clone running <tt>Windows NTM</tt>. <item>ArsTechnica: <htmlurl url="http://arstechnica.com/cpu/index.html" -name="http://arstechnica.com/cpu/index.html" -> ArsTechnica is an information website with a good +name="http://arstechnica.com/cpu/index.html" > + ArsTechnica is an information website with a good CPU section. <item>Black-Cube: <htmlurl @@ -911,8 +1454,8 @@ name="http://www.black-cube.net/Sun/" > Pictures of various SPARC hardware : IMHO great site. <item>LinuxDoc: <htmlurl -url="http://www.linuxdoc.org" -name="http://www.linuxdoc.org" > homesite of the LDP. +url="http://www.tldp.org" +name="http://www.tldp.org" > homesite of the LDP. <item>Obsolyte: <htmlurl url="http://www.obsolyte.com/sunPICS/" @@ -929,18 +1472,31 @@ url="http://docs.sun.com/" name="http://docs.sun.com/" > the starting node to access documentation on Sun Microsystems website. +<item>Sun's Linux webpage. +<code> +http://wwws.sun.com/software/linux/compatibility/ultralinux/index.html +</code> + + <item>SunHelp: <htmlurl url="http://sunhelp.org/" name="http://sunhelp.org" > A good source of information about Sun Hardware and Solaris OS. Has a lot of links and good documentation on site. +<item>Just the Facts: +<htmlurl +url="http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/Sun_Resources/Just_The_Facts/JTF.html" +name="http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/Sun_Resources/Just_The_Facts/JTF.html"> +plenty of "Just the facts" documents in <tt>.ps</tt> format. + <item>UltraLinux: <htmlurl url="http://www.ultralinux.org/" name="http://www.ultralinux.org/" > If you need information about the Linux Kernel on SPARC architecture it is a very good place: "Bring your penguin into the Sun". + </itemize> @@ -948,7 +1504,7 @@ your penguin into the Sun". <p> Among the various Auction websites available on the net you can try theses ones. Remember to be very cautious when you purchase hardware ( -see the Buying a SPARC workstation section. ) +see the Buying a SPARC computer section. ) <itemize> @@ -957,44 +1513,66 @@ see the Buying a SPARC workstation section. ) url="http://www.ebay.com/" name="http://www.ebay.com" > Ebay, and its regional sites have got a lot of -Workstations. - -<item>Ibazar: -<htmlurl -url="http://www.ibazar.com/" -name="http://www.ibazar.com/" > The French Ibazar site has ususaly a lot of -Workstations. +Computers. <item>Yahoo! Auctions: <htmlurl url="http://auctions.yahoo.com/" name="http://auctions.yahoo.com/"> This is the well known site. - </itemize> - - -<sect>Thanks. +<sect1>A Good Provider based in France <p> +There exists a very reliable source of used Sun workstations in France: +<tt>solutions-rl</tt> + +<htmlurl +url="http://www.solutions-rl.fr" +name="http://www.solutions-rl.fr"> + + + +<sect>Thanks and Credits. +<p> + +<sect1>Thanks. +<p> + Among the many people who showed me how great Unix and the Unix -machine can be, some people have earned a special place +computers can be, some people have earned a special place I would like to thank them: <itemize> -<item>My "Vieux matou" Michel F. Who gave me my first acount +<item>My "Vieux matou" Michel Fiolet. Who gave me my first acount on a real Unix machine, and took the time to answer my questions, showing me among other things how to take advantage of the hardware's feature. -<item>Nathalie S. Who was always able to guess at the speed of light +<item>Nathalie Sabbah. Who was always able to guess at the speed of light what went wrong and fixed it on the fly. And took time to install the tools I needed. -<item>Yves D. Who among other things always welcomed my questions, and +<item>Yves Daignaux. Who among other things always welcomed my questions, and whose office was always open even late in the evening. </itemize> -Both of them beeing real Sysadmin and teatchers +Both of them beeing real Sysadmin and teachers from the trenches, have a very -deep knowledge and understandement of the Hardware and Software. +deep knowledge and understanding of both the Hardware and Software. +<p> +Also many thanks to "old crocodile" virgile for the time he spent at +the library helping me to get the big picture. + +<sect1>Credits. +<p> + +Some people gave a lot of time and ressource to help me +with this project, hereafeter is their names sorted by alphabetic +order: + +<itemize> +<item><htmlurl url ="mailto:babyworm@atlas.korea.ac.kr" +name="<babyworm@atlas.korea.ac.kr>"> +provides a translation into the Korean Language. +</itemize> <sect>Copyright, Disclaimer and Trademarks <p> @@ -1024,9 +1602,17 @@ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document "Copyright, Disclaimer and Trademarks" "Preface.", "SPARC, which one ?", -"Buying a SPARC workstation.", +"Buying a SPARC computer.", +"SPARC based laptops", +"The wonderful SparcStation Voyager", +"Sun's Netra servers", +"Sun's Enterprise servers", +"Tatung's Workstations", +"Tatung's SPARC servers", +"Fujitsu's supercomputers", "Linux on SPARC: 2 kernels.", "Choosing a distribution.", +"Installing Linux.", "Working with the Openboot.", "Hard drive buses.", "CDROM: specific settings.quot;, @@ -1037,7 +1623,7 @@ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document "The sound.", "Serial port.", "Ressources.", -"Thanks.", +"Thanks and Credits.", "Revision History.", , with the @@ -1049,21 +1635,12 @@ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document <sect1>Administrativia. <p> -This text is included in the LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT +This text is included in the Linux Documentation Project <htmlurl -url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO" -name="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO"> . +url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/howtos.html" +name="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/howtos.html"> . <p> -The latest version of this document is available in HTML format at - -<htmlurl - url="http://www.theWearables.com/mirrors/SPARC-HOWTO/SPARC-HOWTO.html" - name="http://www.theWearables.com/mirrors/SPARC-HOWTO/SPARC-HOWTO.html"> - If you need a postcript file, you can grab it at - <htmlurl - url="http://www.theWearables.com/mirrors/SPARC-HOWTO/SPARC-HOWTO.ps.gz" - name="http://www.theWearables.com/mirrors/SPARC-HOWTO/SPARC-HOWTO.ps.gz"> -<p> + If you wish to mirror it or to translate it, please contact me. <p> Lionel, Trollhunter Bouchpan-Lerust-Juéry @@ -1071,16 +1648,37 @@ Lionel, Trollhunter Bouchpan-Lerust-Juéry url="mailto:trollhunter@linuxfr.org" name="<trollhunter@linuxfr.org>"> or at <htmlurl -url="mailto:boucli27@altavista.net" -name="<boucli27@altavista.net>"> +url="mailto:trollhunter@free.fr" +name="<trollhunter@free.fr>"> <sect>Revision History. <p> <itemize> +<item>October 2003. v0.0.5 + <itemize> +<item>Korean Tranlation. +<item>Spellchecking. +<item>ERC32 and LEON processors added. +<item>SPARC64 V processor added +<item>SPARC based laptops added. +<item>The wonderful SparcStation Voyager added. +<item>Sun's Netra servers added. +<item>Sun's Enterprise servers added. +<item>Installing Linux section started. +<item>Tatung's Workstations added. +<item>Tatung's SPARC servers added. +<item>Fujitsu's supercomputers added. +<item>The Hard Drive buses section rewritten. +<item>The XWindow section expanded. +<item>The credits section added. +<item>Kernel compiling added. +<item>Modifications to other sections. +</itemize> <item>November 2000. v0.0.3 <item>November 2000. First release v0.0.1 </itemize> + </article>