From 213d0932c3de3cca0ea138436a4ab2b3af6f2a60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Jason S. Evans" Date: Thu, 25 Feb 2016 09:43:56 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] organizing files --- .../Jason-Evans/Github and TLDP-howto.lyx | 309 -- ...ux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO.adoc | 0 .../Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.lyx | 3096 ----------------- .../Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.xml | 532 --- .../Package-Management-Basics.adoc | 0 LDP/users/Jason-Evans/pushit.sh | 6 - 6 files changed, 3943 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Github and TLDP-howto.lyx rename LDP/users/Jason-Evans/{ => Linux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO-REWRITE}/Linux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO.adoc (100%) delete mode 100644 LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.lyx delete mode 100644 LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.xml rename LDP/users/Jason-Evans/{ => Package-Management-Basics}/Package-Management-Basics.adoc (100%) delete mode 100755 LDP/users/Jason-Evans/pushit.sh diff --git a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Github and TLDP-howto.lyx b/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Github and TLDP-howto.lyx deleted file mode 100644 index f93465be..00000000 --- a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Github and TLDP-howto.lyx +++ /dev/null @@ -1,309 +0,0 @@ -#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 474 -\begin_document -\begin_header -\textclass docbook -\use_default_options false -\maintain_unincluded_children false -\language english -\language_package none -\inputencoding auto -\fontencoding default -\font_roman default -\font_sans default -\font_typewriter default -\font_math auto -\font_default_family default -\use_non_tex_fonts false -\font_sc false -\font_osf false -\font_sf_scale 100 -\font_tt_scale 100 -\graphics default -\default_output_format default -\output_sync 0 -\bibtex_command default -\index_command default -\paperfontsize default -\spacing single -\use_hyperref false -\papersize default -\use_geometry false -\use_package amsmath 1 -\use_package amssymb 0 -\use_package cancel 0 -\use_package esint 1 -\use_package mathdots 0 -\use_package mathtools 0 -\use_package mhchem 0 -\use_package stackrel 0 -\use_package stmaryrd 0 -\use_package undertilde 0 -\cite_engine basic -\cite_engine_type default -\biblio_style plain -\use_bibtopic false -\use_indices false -\paperorientation portrait -\suppress_date false -\justification true -\use_refstyle 0 -\index Index -\shortcut idx -\color #008000 -\end_index -\secnumdepth 3 -\tocdepth 3 -\paragraph_separation indent -\paragraph_indentation default -\quotes_language english -\papercolumns 1 -\papersides 1 -\paperpagestyle default -\tracking_changes false -\output_changes false -\html_math_output 0 -\html_css_as_file 0 -\html_be_strict false -\end_header - -\begin_body - -\begin_layout Section -About this document -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Copyright and License -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -This work is licensed under the -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License" -target "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Revision History -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -17.1.2016 -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -v1.0 First draft written -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Jason Evans -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Contributions -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Itemize -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "Jason Evans" -target "http://wiki.tldp.org/Jason%20Evans" - -\end_inset - - (Original author and maintainer for TLDP) -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Feedback -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset CommandInset label -LatexCommand label -name "feedback" - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Find something wrong with this document? (Or perhaps something right?) I - would love to hear from you. - Please email me at -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "jsevans_at_youvegotthe.info" -target "jsevans_at_youvegotthe.info" -type "mailto:" - -\end_inset - -. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -About My Topic -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset CommandInset label -LatexCommand label -name "about" - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -In the past, The Linux Documentation Project used CVS as a version control - system, however a few years ago it was moved to GitHub but there was no - accompanying documentation for adding new material to TLDP -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -Basic Terminology and Commands -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Push -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Pull -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Commit -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Branch -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Repository -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Fork -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Clone -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Diff -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Fetch -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -What is Git and GutHub? -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -What is Git? -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -What does GitHub do? -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -Installing Git -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -From Ubuntu or Debian -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Code -$ sudo apt-get install git -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -From Fedora, CentOS, or RHEL -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Code -$ sudo yum install git -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -From Fedora 23 or later -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Code -$ sudo dnf install git -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -From OpenSuSE or SLES -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Code -$ sudo zypper install git -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -Finding TLDP on GitHub -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -TLDP's main GitHub url is -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -target "https://github.com/tLDP/LDP" - -\end_inset - -. - Anyone can download the documents in TLDP anonymously, but an acount on - github.com is required to upload -\end_layout - -\end_body -\end_document diff --git a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Linux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO.adoc b/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Linux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO-REWRITE/Linux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO.adoc similarity index 100% rename from LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Linux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO.adoc rename to LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Linux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO-REWRITE/Linux-Complete-Backup-and-Recovery-HOWTO.adoc diff --git a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.lyx b/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.lyx deleted file mode 100644 index 668ab311..00000000 --- a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.lyx +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3096 +0,0 @@ -#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 474 -\begin_document -\begin_header -\textclass docbook -\use_default_options false -\maintain_unincluded_children false -\language english -\language_package none -\inputencoding auto -\fontencoding default -\font_roman default -\font_sans default -\font_typewriter default -\font_math auto -\font_default_family default -\use_non_tex_fonts false -\font_sc false -\font_osf false -\font_sf_scale 100 -\font_tt_scale 100 -\graphics default -\default_output_format default -\output_sync 0 -\bibtex_command default -\index_command default -\paperfontsize default -\spacing single -\use_hyperref false -\papersize default -\use_geometry false -\use_package amsmath 1 -\use_package amssymb 0 -\use_package cancel 0 -\use_package esint 1 -\use_package mathdots 0 -\use_package mathtools 0 -\use_package mhchem 0 -\use_package stackrel 0 -\use_package stmaryrd 0 -\use_package undertilde 0 -\cite_engine basic -\cite_engine_type default -\biblio_style plain -\use_bibtopic false -\use_indices false -\paperorientation portrait -\suppress_date false -\justification true -\use_refstyle 0 -\index Index -\shortcut idx -\color #008000 -\end_index -\secnumdepth 3 -\tocdepth 3 -\paragraph_separation indent -\paragraph_indentation default -\quotes_language english -\papercolumns 1 -\papersides 1 -\paperpagestyle default -\tracking_changes false -\output_changes false -\html_math_output 0 -\html_css_as_file 0 -\html_be_strict false -\end_header - -\begin_body - -\begin_layout Title -Package Management Basics: apt, yum, dnf, pkg -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -Introduction -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Why was this document written? -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Most modern Unix-like operating systems offer a centralized mechanism for - finding and installing software. - Software is usually distributed in the form of packages, kept in repositories. - Working with packages is known as package management. - Packages provide the basic components of an operating system, along with - shared libraries, applications, services, and documentation. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -A package management system does much more than one-time installation of - software. - It also provides tools for upgrading already-installed packages. - Package repositories help to ensure that code has been vetted for use on - your system, and that the installed versions of software have been approved - by developers and package maintainers. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -When configuring servers or development environments, it's often necessary - look beyond official repositories. - Packages in the stable release of a distribution may be out of date, especially - where new or rapidly-changing software is concerned. - Nevertheless, package management is a vital skill for system administrators - and developers, and the wealth of packaged software for major distributions - is a tremendous resource. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -This guide is intended as a quick reference for the fundamentals of finding, - installing, and upgrading packages on a variety of distributions, and should - help you translate that knowledge between systems. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Audience -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -For those new to Linux who need a basic understanding of package management. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Original version of this doc -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -The original version of this guide can be found at -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "Digital Ocean" -target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/package-management-basics-apt-yum-dnf-pkg" - -\end_inset - -. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Revision History -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -15.1.2016 -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -v1.0 converted and edited for TLDP -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Jason Evans -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Contributions -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Itemize -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "Brennen Bearnes" -target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/users/bpb" - -\end_inset - -(original author). -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Itemize -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "Jason Evans" -target "http://wiki.tldp.org/Jason%20Evans" - -\end_inset - -(editor and maintainer for TLDP) -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Feedback -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Missing information, missing links, missing characters? Mail it to the maintaine -r of this document: -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "jsevans at youvegotthe.info" -target "jsevans at youvegotthe.info" -type "mailto:" - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Copyright information -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -This work is licensed under a -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License" -target "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" - -\end_inset - -. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -What do you need? -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -This guide covers Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, and FreeBSD and will require - one of those distributions to be installed -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -Package Management Systems: A Brief Overview -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Most package systems are built around collections of package files. - A package file is usually an archive which contains compiled binaries and - other resources making up the software, along with installation scripts. - Packages also contain valuable metadata, including their dependencies, - a list of other packages required to install and run them. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -While their functionality and benefits are broadly similar, packaging formats - and tools vary by platform: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Operating System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Format -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Tool(s) -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -.deb -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -.deb -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -.rpm -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -yum -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -.rpm -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -dnf -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -Ports, .txz -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -make, pkg -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -In Debian and systems based on it, like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Raspbian, - the package format is the .debfile. - APT, the Advanced Packaging Tool, provides commands used for most common - operations: Searching repositories, installing collections of packages - and their dependencies, and managing upgrades. - APT commands operate as a front-end to the lower-level dpkg utility, which - handles the installation of individual .deb files on the local system, and - is sometimes invoked directly. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -CentOS, Fedora, and other members of the Red Hat family use RPM files. - In CentOS, yum is used to interact with both individual package files and - repositories. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -In recent versions of Fedora, yum has been supplanted by dnf, a modernized - fork which retains most ofyum's interface. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -FreeBSD's binary package system is administered with the pkg command. - FreeBSD also offers the Ports Collection, a local directory structure and - tools which allow the user to fetch, compile, and install packages directly - from source using Makefiles. - It's usually much more convenient to use pkg, but occasionally a pre-compiled - package is unavailable, or you may need to change compile-time options. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Update Package Lists -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Most systems keep a local database of the packages available from remote - repositories. - It's best to update this database before installing or upgrading packages. - As a partial exception to this pattern, yumand dnf will check for updates - before performing some operations, but you can ask them at any time whether - updates are available. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian / Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get update -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -yum check-update -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -dnf check-update -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Packages -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg update -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Ports -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo portsnap fetch update -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Upgrade Installed Packages -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Making sure that all of the installed software on a machine stays up to - date would be an enormous undertaking without a package system. - You would have to track upstream changes and security alerts for hundreds - of different packages. - While a package manager doesn't solve every problem you'll encounter when - upgrading software, it does enable you to maintain most system components - with a few commands. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -On FreeBSD, upgrading installed ports can introduce breaking changes or - require manual configuration steps. - It's best to read /usr/ports/UPDATING before upgrading with portmaster. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Notes -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian / Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get upgrade -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Only upgrades installed packages, where possible. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -May add or remove packages to satisfy new dependencies. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo yum update -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo dnf upgrade -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Packages -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg upgrade -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Ports -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -less /usr/ports/UPDATING -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Uses less to view update notes for ports (use arrow keys to scroll, pressq - to quit). -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && sudo make install && sudo portmaster - -a -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Installs portmaster and uses it to update installed ports. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Find a Package -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Most distributions offer a graphical or menu-driven front end to package - collections. - These can be a good way to browse by category and discover new software. - Often, however, the quickest and most effective way to locate a package - is to search with command-line tools. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Notes -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian / Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -apt-cache search search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -yum search search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -yum search all search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Searches all fields, including description. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -dnf search search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -dnf search all search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Searches all fields, including description. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Packages -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -pkg search search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Searches by name. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -pkg search -f search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Searches by name, returning full descriptions. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -pkg search -D search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Searches description. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Ports -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -cd /usr/ports && make search name=package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Searches by name. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -cd /usr/ports && make search key=search_string -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Searches comments, descriptions, and dependencies. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -View Info About a Specific Package -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -When deciding what to install, it's often helpful to read detailed descriptions - of packages. - Along with human-readable text, these often include metadata like version - numbers and a list of the package's dependencies. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Notes -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian / Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -apt-cache show package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Shows locally-cached info about a package. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -dpkg -s package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Shows the current installed status of a package. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -yum info package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -yum deplist package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Lists dependencies for a package. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -dnf info package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -dnf repoquery - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -/ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - --requires package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Lists dependencies for a package. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Packages -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -pkg info package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Shows info for an installed package. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Ports -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -cd /usr/ports/category/port && cat pkg-descr -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Install a Package from Repositories -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Once you know the name of a package, you can usually install it and its - dependencies with a single command. - In general, you can supply multiple packages to install simply by listing - them all. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Notes -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian / Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get install package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get install package1 package2 ... - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Installs all listed packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get install -y package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Assumes "yes" where apt would usually prompt to continue. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo yum install package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo yum install package1 package2 ... - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Installs all listed packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo yum install -y package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Assumes "yes" where yum would usually prompt to continue. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo dnf install package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo dnf install package1 package2 ... - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Installs all listed packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo dnf install -y package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Assumes "yes" where dnf would usually prompt to continue. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Packages -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg install package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg install package1 package2 ... - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Installs all listed packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Ports -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -cd /usr/ports/category/port && sudo make install -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Builds and installs a port from source. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Install a Package from the Local Filesystem -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Sometimes, even though software isn't officially packaged for a given operating - system, a developer or vendor will offer package files for download. - You can usually retrieve these with your web browser, or viacurl on the - command line. - Once a package is on the target system, it can often be installed with - a single command. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -On Debian-derived systems, dpkg handles individual package files. - If a package has unmet dependencies, gdebi can often be used to retrieve - them from official repositories. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -On CentOS and Fedora systems, yum and dnf are used to install individual - files, and will also handle needed dependencies. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Notes -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian / Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo dpkg -i package.deb -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get install -ygdebi && sudo gdebipackage.deb -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Installs and uses gdebi to install package.deb and retrieve any missing dependenc -ies. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo yum install package.rpm -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo dnf install package.rpm -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Packages -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg add package.txz -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg add -f package.txz -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Installs package even if already installed. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Remove One or More Installed Packages -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Since a package manager knows what files are provided by a given package, - it can usually remove them cleanly from a system if the software is no - longer needed. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Notes -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian / Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get remove package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo apt-get autoremove -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Removes unneeded packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo yum remove package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo dnf erase package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Packages -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg delete package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg autoremove -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Removes unneeded packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Ports -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -sudo pkg delete package -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -cd /usr/ports/path_to_port && make deinstall -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -De-installs an installed port. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Get Help -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -In addition to web-based documentation, keep in mind that Unix manual pages - (usually referred to as man pages) are available for most commands from - the shell. - To read a page, use man: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Code -$ man page -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -In -\begin_inset space \space{} -\end_inset - -man, you can navigate with the arrow keys. - Press / to search for text within the page, and q to quit. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -System -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Notes -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Debian / Ubuntu -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -man apt-get -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Updating the local package database and working with packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -man apt-cache -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Querying the local package database. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -man dpkg -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Working with individual package files and querying installed packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -CentOS -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -man yum -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Fedora -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -man dnf -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Packages -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -man pkg -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Working with pre-compiled binary packages. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -FreeBSD Ports -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family typewriter -\size footnotesize -man ports -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Working with the Ports Collection. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -Conclusion and Further Reading -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -This guide provides an overview of basic operations that can be cross-referenced - between systems, but only scratches the surface of a complex topic. - For greater detail on a given system, you can consult the following resources: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Enumerate -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "This guide" -target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ubuntu-and-debian-package-management-essentials" - -\end_inset - - covers Ubuntu and Debian package management in detail. - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Enumerate -There's an -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "official CentOS guide to managing software with~" -target "https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "yum" -target "https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/" - -\end_inset - -. - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Enumerate -There's a -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "Fedora wiki page about~" -target "https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "dnf" -target "https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf" - -\end_inset - -, and an -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "official manual for~" -target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "dnf" -target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "~itself" -target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html" - -\end_inset - -. - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Enumerate -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "This guide" -target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-manage-packages-on-freebsd-10-1-with-pkg" - -\end_inset - - covers FreeBSD package management using pkg. - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Enumerate -The -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "FreeBSD Handbook" -target "https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/" - -\end_inset - - contains a -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "section on using the Ports Collection" -target "https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/ports-using.html" - -\end_inset - -. - -\end_layout - -\end_body -\end_document diff --git a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.xml b/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 5a6bd455..00000000 --- a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package Management Basics.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,532 +0,0 @@ - - - - -
- -Package Management Basics: apt, yum, dnf, pkg - -Introduction - -Why was this document written? -Most modern Unix-like operating systems offer a centralized mechanism for finding and installing software. Software is usually distributed in the form of;packages, kept in;repositories. Working with packages is known as;package management. Packages provide the basic components of an operating system, along with shared libraries, applications, services, and documentation. -A package management system does much more than one-time installation of software. It also provides tools for upgrading already-installed packages. Package repositories help to ensure that code has been vetted for use on your system, and that the installed versions of software have been approved by developers and package maintainers. -When configuring servers or development environments, it's often necessary look beyond official repositories. Packages in the stable release of a distribution may be out of date, especially where new or rapidly-changing software is concerned. Nevertheless, package management is a vital skill for system administrators and developers, and the wealth of packaged software for major distributions is a tremendous resource. -This guide is intended as a quick reference for the fundamentals of finding, installing, and upgrading packages on a variety of distributions, and should help you translate that knowledge between systems. -Audience -For those new to Linux who need a basic understanding of package management. -Original version of this doc -The original version of this guide can be found at Digital Ocean. -Revision History - - - - - - -15.1.2016 -v1.0 converted and edited for TLDP -Jason Evans - - - -Contributions - -Brennen Bearnes (original author).Jason Evans (editor and maintainer for TLDP) -Feedback -Missing information, missing links, missing characters? Mail it to the maintainer of this document: jsevans at youvegotthe.info -Copyright information -This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. -What do you need? -This guide covers Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, and FreeBSD and will require one of those distributions to be installed -Package Management Systems: A Brief Overview -Most package systems are built around collections of package files. A package file is usually an archive which contains compiled binaries and other resources making up the software, along with installation scripts. Packages also contain valuable metadata, including their;dependencies, a list of other packages required to install and run them. -While their functionality and benefits are broadly similar, packaging formats and tools vary by platform: - - - - - - -Operating System -Format -Tool(s) - - - - -Debian -.deb -apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg - - -Ubuntu -.deb -apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg - - -CentOS -.rpm -yum - - -Fedora -.rpm -dnf - - -FreeBSD -Ports,;.txz -make, pkg - - - -In Debian and systems based on it, like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Raspbian, the package format is the;.debfile. APT, the Advanced Packaging Tool, provides commands used for most common operations: Searching repositories, installing collections of packages and their dependencies, and managing upgrades. APT commands operate as a front-end to the lower-level;dpkg;utility, which handles the installation of individual;.deb;files on the local system, and is sometimes invoked directly. -CentOS, Fedora, and other members of the Red Hat family use RPM files. In CentOS,;yum;is used to interact with both individual package files and repositories. -In recent versions of Fedora,;yum;has been supplanted by;dnf, a modernized fork which retains most ofyum's interface. -FreeBSD's binary package system is administered with the;pkg;command. FreeBSD also offers the Ports Collection, a local directory structure and tools which allow the user to fetch, compile, and install packages directly from source using Makefiles. It's usually much more convenient to use;pkg, but occasionally a pre-compiled package is unavailable, or you may need to change compile-time options. -Update Package Lists -Most systems keep a local database of the packages available from remote repositories. It's best to update this database before installing or upgrading packages. As a partial exception to this pattern,;yumand;dnf;will check for updates before performing some operations, but you can ask them at any time whether updates are available. - - - - - -System -Command - - - - -Debian / Ubuntu -sudo apt-get update - - -CentOS -yum check-update - - -Fedora -dnf check-update - - -FreeBSD Packages -sudo pkg update - - -FreeBSD Ports -sudo portsnap fetch update - - - -Upgrade Installed Packages -Making sure that all of the installed software on a machine stays up to date would be an enormous undertaking without a package system. You would have to track upstream changes and security alerts for hundreds of different packages. While a package manager doesn't solve every problem you'll encounter when upgrading software, it does enable you to maintain most system components with a few commands. -On FreeBSD, upgrading installed ports can introduce breaking changes or require manual configuration steps. It's best to read;/usr/ports/UPDATING;before upgrading with;portmaster. - - - - - - -System -Command -Notes - - - - -Debian / Ubuntu -sudo apt-get upgrade -Only upgrades installed packages, where possible. - - - -sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -May add or remove packages to satisfy new dependencies. - - -CentOS -sudo yum update - - - -Fedora -sudo dnf upgrade - - - -FreeBSD Packages -sudo pkg upgrade - - - -FreeBSD Ports -less /usr/ports/UPDATING -Uses;less;to view update notes for ports (use arrow keys to scroll, pressq;to quit). - - - -cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && sudo make install && sudo portmaster -a -Installs;portmaster;and uses it to update installed ports. - - - -Find a Package -Most distributions offer a graphical or menu-driven front end to package collections. These can be a good way to browse by category and discover new software. Often, however, the quickest and most effective way to locate a package is to search with command-line tools. - - - - - - -System -Command -Notes - - - - -Debian / Ubuntu -apt-cache search;search_string - - - -CentOS -yum search;search_string - - - - -yum search all;search_string -Searches all fields, including description. - - -Fedora -dnf search;search_string - - - - -dnf search all;search_string -Searches all fields, including description. - - -FreeBSD Packages -pkg search;search_string -Searches by name. - - - -pkg search -f;search_string -Searches by name, returning full descriptions. - - - -pkg search -D;search_string -Searches description. - - -FreeBSD Ports -cd /usr/ports && make search name=package -Searches by name. - - - -cd /usr/ports && make search key=search_string -Searches comments, descriptions, and dependencies. - - - -View Info About a Specific Package -When deciding what to install, it's often helpful to read detailed descriptions of packages. Along with human-readable text, these often include metadata like version numbers and a list of the package's dependencies. - - - - - - -System -Command -Notes - - - - -Debian / Ubuntu -apt-cache show;package -Shows locally-cached info about a package. - - - -dpkg -s;package -Shows the current installed status of a package. - - -CentOS -yum info;package - - - - -yum deplist;package -Lists dependencies for a package. - - -Fedora -dnf info;package - - - - -dnf repoquery -\/-requires;package -Lists dependencies for a package. - - -FreeBSD Packages -pkg info;package -Shows info for an installed package. - - -FreeBSD Ports -cd /usr/ports/category/port;&& cat pkg-descr - - - - -Install a Package from Repositories -Once you know the name of a package, you can usually install it and its dependencies with a single command. In general, you can supply multiple packages to install simply by listing them all. - - - - - - -System -Command -Notes - - - - -Debian / Ubuntu -sudo apt-get install;package - - - - -sudo apt-get install;package1 package2 ... -Installs all listed packages. - - - -sudo apt-get install -y;package -Assumes "yes" where;apt;would usually prompt to continue. - - -CentOS -sudo yum install;package - - - - -sudo yum install;package1 package2 ... -Installs all listed packages. - - - -sudo yum install -y;package -Assumes "yes" where;yum;would usually prompt to continue. - - -Fedora -sudo dnf install;package - - - - -sudo dnf install;package1 package2 ... -Installs all listed packages. - - - -sudo dnf install -y;package -Assumes "yes" where;dnf;would usually prompt to continue. - - -FreeBSD Packages -sudo pkg install;package - - - - -sudo pkg install;package1 package2 ... -Installs all listed packages. - - -FreeBSD Ports -cd /usr/ports/category/port;&& sudo make install -Builds and installs a port from source. - - - -Install a Package from the Local Filesystem -Sometimes, even though software isn't officially packaged for a given operating system, a developer or vendor will offer package files for download. You can usually retrieve these with your web browser, or viacurl;on the command line. Once a package is on the target system, it can often be installed with a single command. -On Debian-derived systems,;dpkg;handles individual package files. If a package has unmet dependencies,;gdebi;can often be used to retrieve them from official repositories. -On CentOS and Fedora systems,;yum;and;dnf;are used to install individual files, and will also handle needed dependencies. - - - - - - -System -Command -Notes - - - - -Debian / Ubuntu -sudo dpkg -i;package.deb - - - - -sudo apt-get install -ygdebi && sudo gdebipackage.deb -Installs and uses gdebi to install package.deb and retrieve any missing dependencies. - - -CentOS -sudo yum install;package.rpm - - - -Fedora -sudo dnf install;package.rpm - - - -FreeBSD Packages -sudo pkg add;package.txz - - - - -sudo pkg add -f;package.txz -Installs package even if already installed. - - - -Remove One or More Installed Packages -Since a package manager knows what files are provided by a given package, it can usually remove them cleanly from a system if the software is no longer needed. - - - - - - -System -Command -Notes - - - - -Debian / Ubuntu -sudo apt-get remove;package - - - - -sudo apt-get autoremove -Removes unneeded packages. - - -CentOS -sudo yum remove;package - - - -Fedora -sudo dnf erase;package - - - -FreeBSD Packages -sudo pkg delete;package - - - - -sudo pkg autoremove -Removes unneeded packages. - - -FreeBSD Ports -sudo pkg delete;package - - - - -cd /usr/ports/path_to_port;&& make deinstall -De-installs an installed port. - - - -Get Help -In addition to web-based documentation, keep in mind that Unix manual pages (usually referred to as;man pages) are available for most commands from the shell. To read a page, use man: -In man, you can navigate with the arrow keys. Press / to search for text within the page, and q to quit. - - - - - - -System -Command -Notes - - - - -Debian / Ubuntu -man apt-get -Updating the local package database and working with packages. - - - -man apt-cache -Querying the local package database. - - - -man dpkg -Working with individual package files and querying installed packages. - - -CentOS -man yum - - - -Fedora -man dnf - - - -FreeBSD Packages -man pkg -Working with pre-compiled binary packages. - - -FreeBSD Ports -man ports -Working with the Ports Collection. - - - -Conclusion and Further Reading -This guide provides an overview of basic operations that can be cross-referenced between systems, but only scratches the surface of a complex topic. For greater detail on a given system, you can consult the following resources: -This guide covers Ubuntu and Debian package management in detail. There's an official CentOS guide to managing software with~yum. There's a Fedora wiki page about~dnf, and an official manual for~dnf~itself. This guide covers FreeBSD package management using pkg. The FreeBSD Handbook;contains a;section on using the Ports Collection.
diff --git a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package-Management-Basics.adoc b/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package-Management-Basics/Package-Management-Basics.adoc similarity index 100% rename from LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package-Management-Basics.adoc rename to LDP/users/Jason-Evans/Package-Management-Basics/Package-Management-Basics.adoc diff --git a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/pushit.sh b/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/pushit.sh deleted file mode 100755 index fa7e33e3..00000000 --- a/LDP/users/Jason-Evans/pushit.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/bash -date=`date +%D-%T` -git pull -git commit -a -m $DATE -git push -