From 1c9ccd0cd33f342cd00b65901de71aab9131f473 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gleblanc <>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2000 05:02:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this
document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
---
LDP/howto/docbook/DSL-HOWTO.sgml | 680 ++++++++++++++++++++-----------
1 file changed, 446 insertions(+), 234 deletions(-)
diff --git a/LDP/howto/docbook/DSL-HOWTO.sgml b/LDP/howto/docbook/DSL-HOWTO.sgml
index de8a80dd..f10d0216 100644
--- a/LDP/howto/docbook/DSL-HOWTO.sgml
+++ b/LDP/howto/docbook/DSL-HOWTO.sgml
@@ -850,18 +850,29 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
for the POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) phone jacks, the modem (and maybe
a NIC), and a CDROM with drivers, etc. on it. In some cases, a splitter may
be included instead of microfilters.
+
+From what I understand (this may be completely rumor and
+superstition) most of the time when a "splitter" needs to be installed
+at, or near the telco's demarc, a "self install" is not an option. A
+certified telco technician may need to come install the splitter.
- The other possibility is for the provider to do the installation. Obviously,
- the cost is higher here, but it may have the advantage of having a trained
- tech do any wiring. There is also a better chance of getting a splittered
- installation with this option (a good thing!). Another benefit is that if
- something is wrong with the line, or the telco has not provisioned the line
- properly, an on-site tech may be able to help sort out some kinds of
- problems quickly.
+ The other possibility is for the provider to do the
+ installation. Obviously, the cost is higher here, but it may have the
+ advantage of having a trained tech do any wiring. There is also a
+ better chance of getting a splittered installation
+ with this option (a good thing!). Another benefit is that if
+ something is wrong with the line, or the telco has not provisioned
+ the line properly, an on-site tech may be able to help sort out some
+ kinds of problems quickly.
+Most of the technicians here in Qwest land are "pole
+jockeys", who don't know anything about DSL, or about computers. They
+come out and install the line, but may not know more than "put this CD
+in, click on install".
+
@@ -924,7 +935,9 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
called 'SNI', this is the telco phone box on the outside of your house),
while others have a housing as large as the NID itself. Typically this is
mounted near the NID, on the customer's side of the demarcation point.
-
+
+Is demarcation point explained elsewhere?
+
@@ -1076,6 +1089,12 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
The Homerun
+ Try blockquote or quote, coupled with attribution for
+ better output. See these URLs
+ http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/attribution.html
+ http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/blockquote.html
+ http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/quote.html
+
"I would not use microfilters if I lived across the street
@@ -1098,14 +1117,14 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
can be a source of headaches, especially in older homes.
-
- It also allows you to route the cable to avoid any potential RFI (Radio
- Frequency Interference) sources. RFI anywhere in the circuit can be a DSL
- killer. So routing the cable away from items that may have electric motors,
- transformers, power supplies, high intensity lighting fixtures, dimmer
- switches and such, is a smart way to go. And you are less likely to have a
- failing microfilter cause problems. You can also use a better grade of cable
- such as CAT 5 or shielded twisted pair wire.
+ It also allows you to route the cable to avoid any potential
+ RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) sources. RFI anywhere in the
+ circuit can be a DSL killer. Routing the cable away from items that
+ may have electric motors, transformers, power supplies, high
+ intensity lighting fixtures, dimmer switches and such, is a smart way
+ to go. And you are also less likely to have a failing microfilter
+ cause problems. You can also use a better grade of cable such as CAT
+ 5 or shielded twisted pair wire.
@@ -1114,7 +1133,11 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
purchasing a splitter, and, of course, some rewiring. Microfilters also add
distance to the effective loop length -- as much as 700 ft per filter in some
cases! So if you have several of these, and your sync rate or distance is
- marginal, eliminating the filters may result in a significant improvement.
+ marginal, eliminating the filters may result in a significant
+ improvement.
+
+This paragraph could be clearer, I think. I've got a pretty
+good idea what it means, after a few times reading it.
@@ -1143,7 +1166,12 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
called the NID or ONI), usually the side of your house where the phone line
is located. Put it on your side of the SNI or NID. The phone company may need
to access the splitter for maintenance, so its advisable to locate it on the
- outside where they can get at it, but outside is not absolutely necessary.
+ outside where they can get at it, but outside is not absolutely
+ necessary.
+
+Which term are you going to use? SNI, NID, demarc,
+ONI?
+
@@ -1240,17 +1268,18 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
- Checkstep At this point, verify the modem
- syncs with the telco's DSLAM signal. Most modems have a green LED that
- lights up when the signal is good, and red or orange if not in sync. The
- modem's manual will have more details on the LEDs. If it doesn't sync, then
- check your wiring, or make sure that the DSL signal is being sent. Do this by
- calling your telco and verifying they have activated the service. Or by
- testing the modem at the test jack on the SNI/NID (see above). Note that
- having dial tone on the line does NOT confirm the presence of the DSL data
- signal. And vice versa -- perfectly possible to have dial tone and no DSL, or
- DSL and no dial tone. There should also be no static or noise on the voice
- line when everything is installed and functioning properly.
+ Checkstep At this point, verify that
+ the modem syncs with the telco's DSLAM signal. Most modems have a
+ green LED that lights up when the signal is good, and red or orange
+ if not in sync. The modem's manual will have more details on the
+ LEDs. If it doesn't sync, then check your wiring, or make sure that
+ the DSL signal is being sent. Do this by calling your telco and
+ verifying they have activated the service. Or by testing the modem at
+ the test jack on the SNI/NID (see above). Note that having dial tone
+ on the line does NOT confirm the presence of the DSL data signal. And
+ vice versa -- perfectly possible to have dial tone and no DSL, or DSL
+ and no dial tone. There should also be no static or noise on the
+ voice line when everything is installed and functioning properly.
@@ -1263,7 +1292,7 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
-Install and Connect the Network Card (NIC)
+Install and Connect the Network Interface Card (NIC)
If you haven't already done so, install your NIC card in your Linux machine,
@@ -1275,11 +1304,16 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
section. This is certainly something you could conceivably do ahead of
time if you already have the NIC.
+Which troubleshooting section? This is obvious from the
+markup, but not from non-linked formats, like plain text.
+
Be sure the RJ45 cable between the NIC and the modem is now connected. You
can hot plug this cable.
+
+You should define hot plug
@@ -1288,6 +1322,11 @@ Added a brief new section here. HB.
+ this section could use a little work, since you don't
+ explain how you expect their network to be configured. The
+ commands are nice, but without some explanation of what each
+ command does, nearly worthless.
+
# ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.1 up
@@ -1352,7 +1391,7 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
Configuring Linux
- After you have connected the modem and you're getting sync, and the NIC is
+ After you have connected the modem and it's getting sync, and the NIC is
functioning, then you're ready to configure Linux and verify your connection
to your ISP. Although I will refer to a Linux System, you can conceivably
connect any type of 10baseT device to the modem. This includes a router, hub,
@@ -1362,6 +1401,9 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
+
+perhaps another place to use the warning tag?
+
Caution!Before you connect to
your ISP, make sure you understand all security issues of having a
direct connection to the Internet via DSL. Depending on your ISP, most
@@ -1381,13 +1423,14 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
Bridged vs PPPoX Networks
- Before we get too far into the final stages of installing and configuring our
- system, let's look at how various DSL ISPs set up their networks. It will be
- very important for you know how your ISP does this, as there is more than one
- possibility and the steps involved are quite different for each. This may not
- be the kind of thing the ISP is advertising, and since you are not using
- Windows, you may not have access to the setup disk that the ISP provides. If
- not sure, ask the ISP's tech support staff, or other users.
+ Before we get too far into the final stages of installing and
+ configuring our system, let's look at how various DSL ISPs set up
+ their networks. It will be very important for you know how your ISP
+ does this, as there is more than one possibility and the steps
+ involved are quite different for each. This may not be the kind of
+ thing the ISP is advertising, and since you are not using Windows,
+ you may not have access to the setup disk that the ISP provides. If
+ you're not sure, ask the ISP's tech support staff, or other users.
@@ -1442,7 +1485,7 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
DHCP is a standard, established networking protocol for obtaining an IP
address and other important network parameters (e.g. nameservers). This is a
- very standard, well documented networking scheme and is very easy to set up
+ standard, well documented networking scheme and is very easy to set up
from the end user's perspective. It is also a very stable connection. You
can actually unplug the modem for say 10 minutes, plug it back in, let it
re-sync, and the connection is still there -- same IP and everything.
@@ -1503,12 +1546,13 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
ATM
- Since the traffic on the wire from the DSLAM to the modem is ATM, a raw ATM
- connection would seem to make sense. While possible, this is rare, if
- implemented at all, in the U.S, and would require a modem in addition to a
- PCI ATM card, such as the Efficient Networks 3010. There is an ATM project
- for Linux, that is being incorporated into the 2.4 kernel. (See the Links section for more.)
+ Since the traffic on the wire from the DSLAM to the modem is ATM, a
+ raw ATM connection would seem to make sense. While possible, this is
+ rare, if it exists at all in the U.S, and would require a modem in
+ addition to a PCI ATM card, such as the Efficient Networks
+ 3010. There is an ATM project for Linux, that is being incorporated
+ into the 2.4 kernel. (See the Links
+ section for more information.)
@@ -1533,7 +1577,7 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
Configuring the WAN Interface
- The most common configuration is a DSL modem in 'bridging' mode. Both PPPoE
+ The most common configuration is a DSL modem in 'bridging' mode. Both PPPoX
and DHCP can use this setup. In this scenario, the WAN interface typically
means your NIC. This is where your system meets the outside world. (If you
have a router see below for router specific
@@ -1608,6 +1652,9 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
do not have a static IP, or if you have a router, and the router will be
assigned the static IP.
+Again, a note about static IP's being less secure should be
+mentioned.
+
@@ -1690,6 +1737,8 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
+ Warning/note perhaps?
+
Caution! If your ISP uses MAC address authentication,
and you change your network device (e.g. NIC), you will need to register the
@@ -1731,12 +1780,12 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
- The Roaring Penguin,
- http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/,
- by David F. Skoll. It is under very active development. Reportedly
- very easy to set up, and get started with. As of right now, this is
- probably by far and away the most popular Linux PPPoE client.
+ The Roaring Penguin, http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/,
+ by David F. Skoll. This client is under very active development.
+ It is reportedly very easy to set up, and get started with. As of
+ right now, this is probably by far and away the most popular Linux
+ PPPoE client.
@@ -1745,7 +1794,7 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
PPPoEd:
http://www.davin.ottawa.on.ca/pppoe/ by Jamal Hadi Salim. This
- package does require some kernel patching and other configuration related
+ package requires some kernel patching and other configuration related
issues.
@@ -1763,8 +1812,10 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
-
+
+ a purely WHAT solution?
+
A purely solution can be found at http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mostrows/
@@ -1779,9 +1830,9 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
EnterNet is a non-GPL'd PPPoE client from NTS, http://www.nts.com, that is being
- distributed by some ISPs as the Linux client. It does come with source.
- This is not available for free download. (NTS was just recently purchased
- by Efficient Networks.)
+ distributed by some ISPs as the Linux client. It does come with
+ source code but the it is not available for free download. (NTS
+ was just recently purchased by Efficient Networks.)
@@ -1928,17 +1979,19 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
developer of this project. Existing PPPoA implementations are hardware/driver
based, and Linux PPPoA modem drivers are scarce as hen's teeth at this time.
The above modem does not seem to be available through normal retail channels.
- This may well be a problem, if this is the only protocol an ISP delivers. At
+ This may be a problem, if this is the only protocol an ISP delivers. At
the very least, some rather serious hoop jumping is in order.
- If PPPoA is your ISP's only option, you might consider one of the
+ If PPPoA is your ISP's only option, you should probably consider one of the
router/modems that can handle PPPoA, and let the hardware handle everything.
+ clearly a good place to use the "note" tag
+
Note: There is apparently a PPPoA beta program underway
based on the Efficient Networks SpeedStream 3060/3061 (PCI, DMT). Efficient is
@@ -2007,6 +2060,8 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
configuration should be in the owner's manual, or available from your
provider.
+which provider?
+
@@ -2088,6 +2143,9 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
+ I think the range of ping times given above is too small,
+ as I get about a 75ms ping to my ISPs gateway.
+
@@ -2121,11 +2179,14 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
Security Quickstart
+ I think in other places you've used full time instead of
+ full-time. Those should probably be consistent.
+
Before going on-line full-time, do not underestimate the need for securing
your connection. You will have two things that mischief makers and crackers
of the world are looking for: bandwidth, and a Unix-like OS. You instantly
- become an inviting target. And it is just a matter of time before someone
+ become an inviting target. It is just a matter of time before someone
comes knocking. Possibly a very short time. A quick start:
@@ -2163,8 +2224,8 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
most current version. Exploits are found, and then get fixed quickly.
Don't get caught with your pants down. A full-time connection makes
staying updated very easy -- and very important. Check with your
- distribution to see what new packages are available. And then stay in
- touch. If they have a security mailing list, get on it.
+ distribution to see what new packages are available. Then stay in
+ touch, if they have a security mailing list, get on it.
@@ -2227,7 +2288,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
- Additional references in the Links Section
+ Additional references are in the Links Section
below.
@@ -2236,6 +2297,10 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
+
+ This needs some more links and/or explanation of how to
+ go about these things.
+
Take passwords seriously. Use shadow passwords. Do not allow remote root
logins.
@@ -2244,6 +2309,10 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
+
+ I would say that ssh and OpenSSH are applications
+ rather than commands, but that's just me.
+
Use ssh, or OpenSSH, instead of
telnet.
@@ -2271,22 +2340,23 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
harder to find just which ports really need to be open.
If you are not sure of the answer to this question, then the answer is 'as
few as possible'! Basic rule #1, your computer cannot be broken into through
- a port that is not open. And, a port can't be open if nothing is listening on
+ a port that is not open. A port can't be open if nothing is listening on
that port. In other words, if no service or daemon is running that uses that
port, the port is closed and inaccessible.
- There are 65,536 ports available for use on Linux. These fall into several
- categories. The ones we are most concerned about are the 'privileged'
- ports, i.e. those below port 1024. This is where most public services run, like
- SMTP on port 25, HTTP on port 80, named on port 53, etc. These are where most
- vulnerabilities are on Linux. These are ports that servers accept outside
- connections on. If you are running the telnetd daemon, it
- will 'listen' for connections on port 23. (Actually if spawned by
- inetd, it may be inetd that is
- listening.)
+ There are 65,536 ports available for use on Linux and these fall into
+ several categories. The ones we are most concerned about are the
+ 'privileged' ports, which are those below port 1024. This is where
+ most public services run, like SMTP on port 25, HTTP on port 80,
+ named on port 53, etc. These services are where most vulnerabilities
+ are on Linux. These are the ports that servers accept outside
+ connections on. If you are running the telnetd
+ daemon, it will 'listen' for connections on port 23. (Actually if
+ spawned by inetd, it may be
+ inetd that is listening.)
@@ -2296,14 +2366,16 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
telnetd daemon on your own system. You just need to start
the client program named 'telnet' (different animal). Same
is true for ftp and other services. These daemons only need to be run for
- excepting connections to your system from an outside source.
-
+ excepting connections to your system from an outside source.
+ I don't think that the telnet command needs to be set off
+ both by quotes, and by the command markup.
+
Unless you have a good reason for doing so, and know what you are doing, then
- you should not be running these services. In fact, you could probably survive
- quite nicely with all TCP and UDP ports below 1024 closed down. Or, at least
+ you should not be running these which? services. In fact, you could probably survive
+ quite nicely with all TCP and UDP ports below 1024 closed down, or at least
not visible to outside connections (i.e. blocked via a firewall). A couple of
exceptions:
@@ -2311,10 +2383,13 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
It is relatively safe, and probably reasonably safe, to run
identd (port 113). Many mail and irc servers aren't happy
- without identd there. This is the one, good exception to
- the 'nothing below 1024' rule of thumb. Newer versions are relatively secure.
+ without identd there. This is the one good exception to
+ the 'nothing below 1024' rule of thumb. Newer versions are relatively
+ secure, but be sure that you have the newest version available.
+ both relatively safe and reasonably safe?
+
Mail is a little more complicated. The only reason to have a publicly
accessible SMTP (port 25) server is if you are hosting your own mail server
@@ -2354,7 +2429,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
used for return connections that you have initiated to someone else's server.
For instance, if you telnet to someone else, you connect to their port 23.
The return data comes back to you on a randomly assigned port above 1023.
- These are mostly safe, and in fact, should as a rule be left alone. The only
+ These are mostly safe, and should as a rule be left alone. The only
exceptions are where there are indeed services running on these ports. X
Windows runs on ports 6000-6009 for instance. If you are running a font
server, it may be on port 7100. Any servers running on these non-privileged
@@ -2415,6 +2490,9 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
+ It might be nice to show what an enabled service looks
+ like here.
+
This will prevent them from running. identd may be started
from this file, and would be safe to leave uncommented. Then re-initialize:
@@ -2448,6 +2526,9 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
Performance Tuning and Troubleshooting
+ Since there are no performance tweaks, why even mention
+ it?
+
There really are no tweaks, or performance tuning tricks that are likely to
increase your performance to any significant degree -- all other things being
@@ -2494,7 +2575,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
remember that if your service is capped at a lesser speed by your provider,
then you can't get above that speed no matter what. AND
-- that there are numerous variables that can effect your loop/signal
- quality, and subsequently your speed. Many of these are out of your control.
+ quality, and subsequently your speed. Most of these are out of your control.
@@ -2529,6 +2610,10 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
+
+ This reads like a list. Perhaps try using sub-lists,
+ or complete sentences. (sorry, I abhor sentence fragments)
+
If self-installing, the DSL jack may be wired wrong. The splitter may be
wired wrong. The modem may be wired differently than standard telco POTS
@@ -2548,25 +2633,30 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
Call your provider and make sure the line was provisioned. It is always
possible someone dropped the ball. They may even be able to run a remote
- test on your line just to verify. Also, a remote possibility that the
+ test on your line just to verify. A remote possibility that the
DSLAM is down. They should know this as well.
+
+ You must think I'm harping by now... Which term are
+ you going to use for demarc?
+
Disconnect modem power cord and disconnect from wall jack. Plug it
into the test jack inside the SNI/NID (outside phone box), and run
extension cord if necessary for power cord. Temporarily disconnect the
wiring to the inside phone circuit. This should effectively bypass any
inside wiring and environmental issues. The ethernet cable to the NIC does
- not need to be connected just to run this test. The modem will sync fine
- without it. (Easier said than done in some cases, I know.) But if
+ not need to be connected to run this test. The modem will sync fine
+ without it. (Easier said than done, I know.) But if
possible, move enough of your system where you can view the modem's
- diagnostics (if available) and get the sync rate. If this works, probably
+ diagnostics (if available) and get the sync rate. If this works,
+ there is probably
something is wired incorrectly inside, or a short in a connection
- somewhere, or there is severe electrical interference of the DSL signal.
+ somewhere, or there is severe electrical interference on the DSL line.
Check splitter and wall jack. If a splitterless installation, look for bad
(e.g. corroded) connections on all jacks, bad
splices, or defective microfilters!
@@ -2574,10 +2664,10 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
- If no sync on the above test, either the line was not readied, or maybe
- the modem is defective, or the DSLAM is down. Note that PCI and USB modems
- will need to load drivers before syncing, and thus make this test a little
- more complicated.
+ If no sync on the above test, either the line was not readied, the
+ modem is defective, or the DSLAM is down. Note that PCI and USB
+ modems will need to load drivers before syncing, and thus make
+ this test a little more complicated.
@@ -2618,8 +2708,10 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
- Turn off PnP in BIOS. This may be labeled as 'non-Microsoft' OS. A
- sometimes symptom here is that the NIC is assigned IRQ 0.
+ Turn off PnP in BIOS. This may be labeled as 'non-Microsoft'
+ OS. Other times, it will be labeled as PNP-OS
+ Installed. A sometimes symptom here is that the NIC is
+ assigned IRQ 0.
@@ -2629,7 +2721,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
Check for IRQ conflicts with 'cat /proc/interrupts'. If
the NIC is sharing an IRQ, try moving cards around in slots, or tinker
with BIOS IRQ settings. If an ISA card, you may need to get the setup
- utility from the manufacturer and use it to set IRQ, etc. This will
+ utility from the manufacturer and use it to set IRQ, etc. This may
require booting to DOS.
@@ -2641,12 +2733,12 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
documentation in /usr/src/linux/Documentation/* for
your card or chipset. Also, for comments and update information in
/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/*.c for your respective
- chipset. It is worth noting that there are more than one module for some
+ chipset. It is worth noting that there is more than one module for some
card types. This seems to be true of tulip and 3Com cards. Check boot
messages or use 'lspci -v' to see how the kernel is
identifying your card. You can use insmod,
rmmod, and modprobe to test
- different modules. See the respective man pages for more.
+ different modules. See the respective man pages for more information.
@@ -2663,7 +2755,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
Some Linux NIC drivers reportedly work better as non-modular. In other
- words, compiled into the kernel instead of as a module.
+ words, compile them into the kernel instead of as a module.
@@ -2695,7 +2787,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
be working properly, client software is installed and running without error,
but connection to the ISP fails. Verify the modem is indeed syncing by the
LED(s). This may be evidenced by ifconfig not showing an
- active eth0 interface (and ppp0 for PPPoX), or pinging
+ active eth0 interface (and ppp0 for PPPoX), or pinging
gateway and other destinations generates network
unreachable or similar errors.
@@ -2717,7 +2809,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
If you are using DHCP, does the ISP require MAC address authentication,
- and if so, do they have the right address? Did they typo it?
+ and if so, do they have the right address? Did they or you typo it?
@@ -2797,9 +2889,9 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
Read this section if you have had a working connection, but now have lost
- sync, or are intermittently losing sync, or your sync rate has dropped
+ sync, are intermittently losing sync, your sync rate has dropped
significantly, or are getting a 'sync/no surf' condition. (Better quality
- modems will have a way to report sync rate. Usually via telnet or a web
+ modems will have a way to report sync rate, usually via telnet or a web
browser interface. See the owner's manual.)
@@ -2810,7 +2902,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
DSLAM cards, just for instance, have a capacity of four connections each. If
the card goes bad, at most four customers are effected. The point being that
sync loss outages can be very isolated. Unlike network outages that tend to
- effect large numbers of users. Sync outages are also a telco problem, not an
+ effect large numbers of users. Sync outages are a telco problem, not an
ISP problem. If your service agreement is with the ISP, you will need to
contact them, who will in turn contact the telco.
@@ -2824,21 +2916,18 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
-
- For instance, a poor inside wire connection may result in retransmissions of
- packets that have been lost, or dropped. This can really reduce throughput
- and slow a connection down. It is tempting to think of lost packets as a
- traditional networking problem, but with DSL it is possible to be the result
- of a bad line, impaired signal, or even the modem itself.
+ For instance, a poor inside wire connection may result in
+ retransmissions of packets that have been lost, or dropped. This can
+ drasticly reduce throughput. It is tempting to think of lost packets
+ as a traditional networking problem, but with DSL it is possible to
+ be the result of a bad line, impaired signal, or even the modem
+ itself.
Some things to try:
-
-
-
@@ -2852,9 +2941,8 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
-
-
+
@@ -2869,23 +2957,25 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
- RFI Bear-hunt: The DSL signal is fragile. A number of things can degrade it.
- RFI, or Radio Frequency Interference, from sources in and around
- the home/office is one common source of reduced signal strength, and/or
- intermittent sync loss and/or low sync rates. Our test tool here is simply
- a portable AM radio. Tune it to any channel where you can get clear
- reception -- makes no difference where. The AM radio will pick up RFI that
- is in the same frequency range as the DSL signal. It will sound like
- 'frying bacon' type static. Put against your computer's power supply. You
- should hear some static. Move it away and the static should fade pretty
- quickly. This will give you an idea of what RFI sounds like. A decent
- quality power supply should produce only weak RFI -- probably not enough to
- cause a problem. Use the radio like a Geiger counter and move it around
- your modem and DSL line. If you hear static, follow it to the source.
- Things to be suspicious of: power supplies, transformers, ballasts,
- electric motors, dimmer switches, high intensity lighting. Moving modem, or
- rerouting cables, is sometimes enough. Keeping the line between the modem
- and the wall jack as short as possible is a good idea too.
+ RFI Bear-hunt: The DSL signal is fragile, there are a number of
+ things that can degrade it. RFI, or Radio Frequency Interference,
+ from sources in and around the home/office is one common source of
+ reduced signal strength, and/or intermittent sync loss and/or low
+ sync rates. Our test tool here is simply a portable AM radio. Tune
+ it to any channel where you can get clear reception -- it makes no
+ difference where. The AM radio will pick up RFI that is in the same
+ frequency range as the DSL signal. It will sound like 'frying
+ bacon' type static. Put it against your computer's power
+ supply. You should hear some static. Move it away and the static
+ should fade pretty quickly. This will give you an idea of what RFI
+ sounds like. A decent quality power supply should produce only weak
+ RFI -- probably not enough to cause a problem. Use the radio like a
+ Geiger counter and move it around your modem and DSL line. If you
+ hear static, follow it to the source. Things to be suspicious of:
+ power supplies, transformers, ballasts, electric motors, dimmer
+ switches, high intensity lighting. Moving the modem, or rerouting
+ cables is sometimes enough. Keeping the line between the modem and
+ the wall jack as short as possible is a good idea too.
@@ -2895,7 +2985,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
Chronic sync problems are often due to a line problem somewhere.
Sometimes it is something as simple as a bad splice, and easily remedied
if it can be found. Most such conditions can be isolated by a good telco
- tech. Check with your provider, and politely harass if you have to. If you
+ tech. Check with your provider, and politely harass them if you have to. If you
get the run-around, ask to go over their heads.
@@ -2947,7 +3037,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
Read this section if your connection is up, but are having throughput
problems. In other words, your speed isn't what it should be based on your
bit rate plan, and your distance from the CO. 'Network' here is the WAN --
- the ISP's gateway and local subnet/backbone, etc. Remember too that a
+ the ISP's gateway and local subnet/backbone, etc. Remember that a
marginal line can cause a reduced sync rate, and this will impact throughput.
See above.
@@ -2967,11 +3057,11 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
- Also, what we really need to be concerned about, is that part of the WAN
+ What we really need to be concerned about is that part of the WAN
route that we routinely traverse. If you do a traceroute to several different
sites, you will probably see that the first few 'hops' tend to be the
same. These are your ISP's local backbone, and your ISP's upstream provider's
- gateway. Any problem with any of this, and it will effect everywhere you go,
+ gateway. Any problem with any of this, and it will effect everywhere you go
and everything you do.
@@ -3074,7 +3164,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
The first hop is the gateway. In fact, for me the first two hops are
always the same, and the first three or four are often
- the same. So a problem with any of these, may cause a problem anywhere I go.
+ the same. So a problem with any of these may cause a problem anywhere I go.
(The specifics of your own situation may be a little different than this
example.) A 'normal' gateway ping (for me!):
@@ -3130,7 +3220,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
- 41% packet loss is very high. To the point where many services, like HTTP,
+ 41% packet loss is very high, to the point where many services, like HTTP,
come to a screeching halt. Those services that were working, were working
very, very slowly.
@@ -3141,7 +3231,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
router is acting up. But, as it turned out, this was the result of a problem
in the DSLAM/ATM segment of the telco's network. So any first hop problem
with packet loss or high latency, may actually be the result of something
- occurring before the first hop. But we just don't have the tools to isolate
+ occurring before the first hop. We just don't have the tools to isolate
where it is starting well enough. Packet loss can be a telco problem, just as
much as an ISP/NSP problem.
@@ -3176,8 +3266,12 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
+
+ This might be better as a different kind of list.
+ Perhaps a variablelist or possibly even a segmentedlist.
+
- Some Web pages won't load. For PPPoX users only, the
+ Some Web pages won't load. For PPPoX users, the
MTU value could be too high. The correct ppp0 device setting should be
1492, but actually it needs to be 8 bytes less than any router you pass
through on the way to the site. If a router somewhere is misconfigured,
@@ -3190,7 +3284,7 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
- Ping by IP address works, but not hostname, the
+ Ping by IP address works, but not hostname. The
nameservers are not being setup correctly in
/etc/resolv.conf. Check your client's (DHCP, PPPoX)
documentation or enter these manually with a text editor.
@@ -3201,11 +3295,11 @@ to less than 1500. Don't do that.
PPPoX disconnects. Unfortunately, there is a tendency
- for PPPoX do drop connections. PPP is apparently sensitive to any line
+ for PPPoX to drop connections. PPP is apparently sensitive to any line
condition which results in a temporary interruption of the connection.
This may not be completely solvable, depending on what and where the
problem is. You might try a different client, or check your current
- client's documentation on this issue. Worse comes to worse, set up a cron
+ client's documentation on this issue. If worse comes to worse, set up a cron
job to watch the connection, and re-establish if necessary.
@@ -3578,10 +3672,10 @@ See above. HB.
HDSL
- High bit-rate DSL was one of earliest versions of DSL. HDSL requires
- multiple, dedicated wire pairs, and is symmetric at 1.5 Mbps/1.5 Mbps
- (actually depends on number of wire pairs used). Not a viable alternative
- for the consumer or SOHO markets.
+ High bit-rate DSL was one of earliest versions of DSL. HDSL
+ requires multiple, dedicated wire pairs, and is symmetric at 1.5
+ Mbps/1.5 Mbps (the speed actually depends on number of wire pairs
+ used). Not a viable alternative for the consumer or SOHO markets.
@@ -3590,11 +3684,12 @@ See above. HB.
VDSL
- Very high rate Digital Subscriber Loop, a DSL still in development with
- a current downstream capacity of 52.8 Mbps, and upstream of 2.3 Mbps. At
- this time, VDSL is limited to very short loop lengths, and is not a viable
- alternative (yet). It may find application where there is fiber to the
- neighborhood, and thus the copper loop segment is relatively short.
+ Very high rate Digital Subscriber Loop, a DSL still in development
+ with a current downstream capacity of 52.8 Mbps, and upstream of
+ 2.3 Mbps. At this time, VDSL is limited to very short loop lengths,
+ and is not yet a viable alternative. It may find application where
+ there is fiber to the neighborhood, and thus the copper loop
+ segment is relatively short.
@@ -3612,7 +3707,7 @@ See above. HB.
G.SHDSL
- Standards not finalized yet. Supposedly includes many enhancements.
+ Standard not finalized yet. Supposedly includes many enhancements.
@@ -3669,7 +3764,8 @@ See above. HB.
-
+ Our tools seem to suck on this "ASCII art". I'm not sure
+ if trying a graphic would be worth-while.
@@ -3779,7 +3875,7 @@ See above. HB.
The modem is the last piece of the connection. The modem is connected
directly to the DSLAM via the copper loop on the telco end, and plugs into a
wall jack on your end. When all is well, the modem 'syncs' with the DSLAM,
- and then makes an IP connection to the ISP. And off we go!
+ and then makes an IP connection to the ISP, and off we go!
@@ -3802,18 +3898,19 @@ See above. HB.
- As always there are exceptions. Diamond makes an internal PCI modem which
- has binary-only drivers, and is not in widespread use. Efficient Networks is beta testing
- Linux drivers for their SpeedStream 3060 and 3061 PCI modems, and is expected
- to be released 'any day'. At this time, this will require a 2.4.x kernel, and
- a patch as well for the necessary ATM support. Efficient is working with
- kernel developers to make their products Linux compatible. The initial
- version will have binary drivers only, but open sourced drivers are future
- possibility. It is also possible to make a direct ATM connection using a
- modem plus an ATM card, though this delivery system is not used in the U.S.
- as far as I know, and should not be considered as a viable option. This also
- requires a 2.4 kernel.
+ As always, there are exceptions. Diamond makes an internal PCI modem
+ which has binary-only drivers, but it is not in widespread
+ use. Efficient Networks
+ is beta testing Linux drivers for their SpeedStream 3060 and 3061 PCI
+ modems, and is expected to release them any day. This
+ will require a 2.4.x kernel, and a patch for the necessary ATM
+ support. Efficient is working with kernel developers to make their
+ products Linux compatible. The initial version will have binary
+ drivers only, but open sourced drivers are a future possibility. It
+ is also possible to make a direct ATM connection using a modem plus
+ an ATM card, though this delivery system is not used in the U.S. as
+ far as I know, and should not be considered as a viable option. This
+ would also require a 2.4 kernel.
@@ -3876,9 +3973,17 @@ same time.
models with any degree of assurance. In other words, any old external,
ethernet modem should do -- provided it matches your provider's DSL, and is
configured for that service.
+
+I don't see the question "Are some modems better than
+others?" being answered here. The second sentence isn't very readable
+to me, possibly just because of punctuation.
+
+How about using the "warning" tag here instead?
+http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/warning.html
+
Warning! Make sure any third party modem
or router you may purchase is compatible with your DSL provider. There are
two major line encodings for ADSL (CAP, DMT a.k.a. Alcatel compatible), and
@@ -3920,18 +4025,24 @@ same time.
- The Baby Bells (RBOCs) all own their own ISPs. These, of course, are
+ The Baby Bells (RBOCs) all own ISPs. These, of course, are
connected to their DSLAMs, and are providing Internet services via the
- telco's ISP subsidiary. But, also many independent ISPs are availing
+ telco's ISP subsidiary. Many independent ISPs are availing
themselves of the ILEC's DSL services, and in essence 'reselling' the DSL
services of the ILEC. While the underlying infrastructure is the same in this
case, having more than one ISP working out of a CO may mean a better
selection of features and prices for the consumer.
+I have a note on my printed copy to "pick and acronym", but
+I'm not sure which term I wanted you to pick an acronym for. It would
+be good to make sure that you're consistent throughout the whole
+document with your use of acronyms, just as good authoring policy.
+
+
- Also, CLECs (independent telcos) are now installing their own DSLAMs. This
+ CLECs (independent telcos) are now installing their own DSLAMs. This
makes them a direct competitor to the ILEC. In this scenario, there would be
two (or more) DSL providers in the same CO, each with their own DSLAM(s), and
each competing against each other. This complicates the ISP situation even
@@ -3942,10 +4053,10 @@ same time.
- Typically, your service agreement is with the ISP, and not the DSL provider.
- This makes the actual DSL provider a 'behind the scenes' player. Though
- this may vary, and in some cases, you may wind up with a separate service
- agreement for both the DSL provider and the ISP.
+ Typically, your service agreement is with the ISP, and not the DSL
+ provider. This makes the actual DSL provider a 'behind the scenes'
+ player. This may vary, and in some cases, you may wind up with a
+ separate service agreement for both the DSL provider and the ISP.
@@ -3971,7 +4082,7 @@ same time.
necessary hardware in your CO. You have no choice on which CO is yours -- it
is wherever your loop terminates. If your CO has a DSLAM, and the necessary
other components, then DSL may be available to you. This is often known as
- 'pre-qualifying', and is step one in getting service.
+ 'pre-qualifying', and is Step One in getting service.
@@ -3983,6 +4094,10 @@ same time.
Ordering
+Which kind of provider? ISP? Telco/DSL provider? Both?
+Please replace "provider" with something more specific, or give a
+clearer idea of what it means.
+
Before ordering service, check to see what providers there are in your area.
You may have several options, including the large phone companies, as well as
smaller, local ISPs. Once an order is placed, you must wait for the
@@ -4006,7 +4121,7 @@ same time.
loop. The provider will run various tests to make sure that your loop can
handle the DSL signal. This is to determine how suitable your line is for
DSL, and maybe what level of service will be available to you. You probably
- will have to order service just to find this much out. It can be a fairly
+ will have to order service just to find out this much. It can be a fairly
involved process, with a variety of different tests being run. There
are a number of things that may 'disqualify' a line. The most common
limitation is distance.
@@ -4025,15 +4140,16 @@ same time.
- Still even if close enough, there are a number of potential impediments that
- may disqualify a line: load coils and bridge taps are two such common
- impediments. These are aspects of the old telco infrastructure that once were
- deemed beneficial, but now are getting in the way of the newer, digital
- technologies. Whether you hit a snag like this, is pretty much hit or miss.
- Fiber anywhere in the loop is also a disqualifier. The provider may take
- steps to 'clean' the line. Just how far they are willing to go will vary from
- provider to provider, and this will likely add additional time to
- installation process.
+ Still even if you're close enough, there are a number of potential
+ impediments that may disqualify a line. Two such common impediments
+ are load coils and bridge taps. These are aspects of the old telco
+ infrastructure that once were deemed beneficial, but now are getting
+ in the way of the newer, digital technologies. This next
+ sentence could stand rephrasing Whether you hit a snag like
+ this, is pretty much hit or miss. Fiber anywhere in the loop is also
+ a disqualifier. The provider may take steps to 'clean' the line. Just
+ how far they are willing to go will vary from provider to provider,
+ and this will likely add additional time to the installation process.
@@ -4043,8 +4159,8 @@ same time.
depending on how strong a signal they think your line can handle. If you are
marginal, you will not be qualified for the higher speed plans. And if price
is a factor, having a tiered pricing structure is good also since the lower
- end plans are obviously less expensive. How this is structured will also vary
- wildly from provider to provider. Also, DSL is a new service, and providers
+ end plans are obviously less expensive. How this is structured also varies
+ wildly from provider to provider. Since, DSL is a new service, and providers
are trying to find the right price/feature combinations that will attract the
most users and thus gain a competitive edge.
@@ -4081,8 +4197,8 @@ Downstream/Upstream
- and a near infinite number of other possibilities as well. Cost of different
- plans, of course, generally goes up with speed.
+ and a near infinite number of other possibilities. The cost of different
+ plans generally goes up with their speed.
@@ -4128,7 +4244,7 @@ Downstream/Upstream
A compatible modem. For now with Linux (or any
alternative OS) this essentially means an ethernet interface. 'Routers'
(i.e. combo modem/routers) should be OK too since these seem to be all
- external, ethernet. Anything else, is a no-go! (This situation may be
+ external, ethernet. Anything else is a no-go! (This situation may be
changing soon.)
@@ -4137,9 +4253,9 @@ Downstream/Upstream
Installation. A self-install option, of course, let's
- anyone get up and running. And is less expensive. But if there is no
+ anyone get up and running, and is less expensive. But if there is no
self-install available, will the the provider install onto a Linux only
- site? Many will not! Having a Windows box (or Mac) temporarily available
+ site? Many will not! Having a Windows (or Mac) box temporarily available
is a work around here. Even a laptop may be enough.
@@ -4149,7 +4265,12 @@ Downstream/Upstream
Static vs Dynamic IP Address. If wanting to run
servers, or hosting your own domain, static is the way to go.
-
+
+It might be worth noting that dynamic IP is slighly more
+secure than a static IP. With a static IP, the crackers will always
+know right where to look to find you.
+
+
@@ -4234,7 +4355,7 @@ Downstream/Upstream
There are a number of other options and features that might be worth looking
- at too: multiple IPs, domain hosting (reverse DNS), free web space, number of
+ at too: multiple IPs, domain hosting (DNS), free web space, number of
email accounts, web mail, etc.
@@ -4273,9 +4394,9 @@ Downstream/Upstream
This is akin to asking if Linux works with telephones. The technology
itself does not care. So, the short answer is 'Yes, of course!'. The long
answer is that if there are any impediments, they are being imposed by the
- provider. There are things they may do, that can make getting Linux up and
+ provider. There are things they may do that can make getting Linux up and
running a more of a challenge than it needs to be. Not having a compatible
- modem option available is one common gotcha. Also, if the telco or ISP is
+ modem option available is one common gotcha. If the telco or ISP is
doing the installation, they may require a Windows or Mac system to be
available. This saves them the costs of training their techs on various
'alternative' OSes. Buyer beware!
@@ -4312,9 +4433,9 @@ Downstream/Upstream
- This will likely change soon however. Efficient Networks is in late Beta
- stages with their SpeedStream 3060/3061 PCI drivers. Likely others will
+ stages with their SpeedStream 3060/3061 PCI drivers. Others will likely
follow suit. (Make sure you are reading the latest version of this
document, as I have intentions of keeping this situation updated as
needed.)
@@ -4343,12 +4464,12 @@ Downstream/Upstream
- Just where and when DSL gets deployed is totally in the hands of your
- friendly local telco. They obviously can't do everyone at once, so they
- probably are selecting areas based on competitive factors. Getting a
- straight answer from a telco on this question, can also be a challenge.
- Probably also so as not to tip their hand to competitors. But, it is a
- question only they can answer.
+ Just where and when DSL gets deployed is totally in the hands of
+ your friendly local telco. They obviously can't do everyone at
+ once, so they probably are selecting areas based on competitive
+ factors. Getting a straight answer from a telco on this question
+ can also be a challenge. Probably so as not to tip their hand to
+ competitors. Unfortunately, it is a question only they can answer.
@@ -4395,6 +4516,10 @@ Downstream/Upstream
+
+ Perhaps make it clear that 640K is an example, or just
+ use some "variable" instead of 640K.
+
Q. My service is limited to 640K. Can I get better speed by getting a
faster modem? Any way around this?
@@ -4481,6 +4606,10 @@ Downstream/Upstream
+ In case you're not aware, it's illegal to sell or lease
+ IP addresses. Most ISPs get around this via a "service charge"
+ associated with having multiple IPs.
+
@@ -4610,8 +4739,8 @@ Downstream/Upstream
A: Sort of. The U.S. Bell Operating Companies have standardized on Discrete
Multi-Tone (DMT) (ANSI T1.413) in their current rollout. Most others
should follow their lead in the states. There are other types of modems, most
- notably Carrier-less Amplitude Phase Modulation (CAP), which, of course, are
- incompatible with each other.
+ notably Carrier-less Amplitude Phase Modulation (CAP), which of course, is
+ incompatible with DMT.
@@ -4674,7 +4803,7 @@ Downstream/Upstream
- Also, check out the next question on the loop impairments that cause this to
+ Check out the next question on the loop impairments that cause this to
happen.
@@ -4684,12 +4813,16 @@ Downstream/Upstream
Q: What are all these loop impairments (bridge taps, load coils, DLCs) that
could disqualify my line from DSL? (thanks to Bruce Ediger)
-
+
+ A consistent definition format is needed here. I'd use
+ a variablelist, but it doesn't really matter as long as you use
+ the same format for all of the definitions.
+
Load coils: in-line inductances that improve voice-frequency transmission
characteristics of a telephone circuit. Essentially, a "load" steals energy
from high frequencies and gives it to lower frequencies. Typically only used
- in very long (>9,000 ft) phone lines.
+ in very long (>9,000 ft) phone lines.
@@ -4717,7 +4850,10 @@ Downstream/Upstream
allowing some frequencies to arrive before others. One byte's tones will
interfere with the next byte's.
-
+
+ This next paragraph is Greek to me. Well, maybe just
+ Russian. :-) In any case, it's certainly geek...
+
Bridged taps act as shunt capacitances if they're long in relation to the
signals wavelength, and they'll actually act as band pass filters if they're
@@ -4755,7 +4891,9 @@ Downstream/Upstream
URL="http://dslreports.com/information/equiprated/all">http://dslreports.com/information/equiprated/all.
-
+
+ Is this really as of June 1998?
+
However, I will provide a list of some of the current technology as of June
1998. All are ADSL 'modems' with 'DMT' encoding (a.k.a. Alcatel
@@ -4855,8 +4993,9 @@ Downstream/Upstream
- This is but a very small sampling. These are NOT endorsements of the products
- listed, just provided for illustration. ;-).
+ This is but a very small sampling. It should not be construed as
+ endorsements of the products lists. It is just a simple illustration
+ of some of the available products.
@@ -4881,6 +5020,9 @@ Downstream/Upstream
Links
+ At some point, it might be nice to break these links up
+ into categories.
+
@@ -4943,8 +5085,13 @@ Downstream/Upstream
-
+
+ Hmm, I'd like to see either summaries with the
+ HOWTOs, or no summaries with the HOWTOs. They should be
+ easily enough stolen from the HOWTO-INDEX, if you want to
+ include them.
+
Net HOWTO,
previously named the NET3-4-HOWTO, the definitive guide to various Linux
@@ -4979,6 +5126,11 @@ Downstream/Upstream
+
+ FIXME: Greg: go through this nested list, and re-format
+ it for easier reading. Hal, don't worry about this
+ comment.
+
More on the 2.4 kernel packet filtering from The Netfilter Project at http://netfilter.kernelnotes.org/.
@@ -5002,7 +5154,7 @@ Downstream/Upstream
SuSE's Linux PPPoE page is at http://www.suse.de/~bk/PPPoE-project.html.
- Good information on most available Linux PPPoE implementations.
+ Good information on most of the available Linux PPPoE implementations.
@@ -5013,7 +5165,7 @@ Downstream/Upstream
Url="http://www.carricksolutions.com/">http://www.carricksolutions.com/.
His Linux PPPoE page is at http://www.carricksolutions.com/linuxpppoe.htm.
- Some other DSL related information as well. All OSes are covered.
+ It has some other DSL related information as well. All OSes are covered.
@@ -5279,6 +5431,12 @@ PM
Glossary
+
+ There are a bunch of tags designed for marking up
+ glossaries. Take a look at
+ http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/glossary.html and some of the
+ pages following it.
+
A dictionary of some of the jargon used in this Document, and in the
telco and DSL industries.
@@ -5291,6 +5449,10 @@ PM
ADSL
+
+ Is ADSL still the most popular? How are you
+ determining popularity?
+
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop. 'Asymmetric' in that the downstream
potential is greater than the upstream. ADSL is capable of sharing on
@@ -5348,6 +5510,10 @@ PM
ATMF-25Mbps
+
+ ANT? Pick a term, si vous plait. I realize this one
+ is taken from the miniHOWTO :-)
+
ATM Forum Interface - 25Mbps speed, provided by a PCI NIC card.. One of the
interfaces used between the ANT and PC.
@@ -5400,7 +5566,7 @@ PM
Competitive Local Exchange Carrier. 'Competitors' to the ILECs. They do
- not only any lines, and must lease their lines from ILEC in order to
+ not own any lines, and must lease their lines from ILEC in order to
provide any service.
@@ -5422,8 +5588,9 @@ PM
DHCP
+
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - An IP protocol used to set up
+ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - A protocol used to distribute
dynamically assigned IP addresses and other important networking
parameters. The DHCP server 'leases' an IP from its pool to clients on
request. The lease is renewed at regular intervals. This is a common
@@ -5439,9 +5606,9 @@ PM
Discrete Multitone Technology. This is a line encoding common among ADSL
deployments, and now is the standard. Sometimes referred to as 'Alcatel
- compatible'. Most telcos in the U.S. are in fact now standardizing on DMT.
- The other, less common, ADSL encoding is 'CAP'. CAP and DMT modems are not
- compatible with each other.
+ compatible'. Most telcos in the U.S. are now standardizing on DMT.
+ The other, less common, ADSL encoding is 'CAP'. CAP and DMT modems are
+ incompatible with each other.
@@ -5457,6 +5624,10 @@ PM
The basic digital circuit for Telcos - offered at 56 kbps or 64kbps. Can
support one analog voice channel.
+
+ Don't you love Telco? A digitized voice quality
+ signal only needs 8Kbps.
+
@@ -5502,7 +5673,7 @@ PM
A lesser version of ADSL that has lower maximum speeds, and requires no
splitter or filters. Not DMT compatible. See DSL
- Family for more.
+ Family in this HOWTO for more.
@@ -5513,7 +5684,8 @@ PM
- High bit rate DSL. See DSL Family for more.
+ High bit rate DSL. See DSL Family in
+ this HOWTO for more.
@@ -5527,22 +5699,30 @@ PM
physically owns the lines. Examples: Bell Atlantic and U.S. West. FCC
regulations are forcing the ILECs to open up their networks to independent
providers. This is allowing the independents like Covad and Rhythms to
- offer competitive services. And is a good thing for consumers IMHO.
+ offer competitive services. This is a good thing for consumers IMHO.
+
+ U.S. West is not Qwest, just ask
+ them.
+
- ISDN
+ ISDN
- Innovations Subscribers Don't Need; I Still Don't know or maybe Integrated
+ Innovations Subscribers Don't Need; I Still Don't kNow; or maybe Integrated
Services Digital Network, a digital phone service that uses a single
copper pair to run 2B (64k) + 1D(16k) channels that can be used for
switched voice or data.
+
+ Sometimes ISDN is sold for "consumer" use as dual 56K
+ channels, plus a 16K data channel.
+
@@ -5576,6 +5756,11 @@ PM
WAN (Wide Area Network, i.e. the Internet). Typically using private,
non-routable IP addressing, e.g. 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1.
+
+ Actually, I have my doubts about "typically" using
+ private IPs, although more and more are going that way. It
+ should be less of an issue if IPv6 ever gets going.
+
@@ -5592,11 +5777,15 @@ PM
- MAC
+ MAC Address
+
+ Not 100% sure on this one, but I think it's supposed
+ to be MAC address.
+
- Media Access Control. Sometimes also called 'hardware' address, it is a
+ Media Access Control Address. Sometimes also called 'hardware' address, it is a
unique identifier of network devices and is an important aspect of some
network environments.
@@ -5639,6 +5828,12 @@ PM
the IP address of a host with a suitable address and configuration. With
Linux this is called 'ip-masquerading'.
+
+ NAT does not require that 1 side is non-routable IP
+ addresses. It's quite possible to do NAT with any IPs that you
+ like. Also, there is such a thing as "static NAT", which is a
+ direct mapping of one IP address to another.
+
@@ -5662,6 +5857,14 @@ PM
Network Interface Card - A PC card (PCI/ISA) that supports the required
network interface. Usually an Ethernet 10baseT or an ATMF-25Mbps Card..
+
+ There are many other buses that could be used for a
+ network card, including SBUS, EISA, MCA (microchannel), EIO,
+ and bazzillions more. I don't think that anybody is still
+ making pure 10baseT cards anymore, and if so, I can't imagine
+ why. 10/100 cards are so cheap that they should be
+ ubiquitous.
+
@@ -5740,7 +5943,8 @@ PM
- Rate Adaptive DSL. See DSL Family for more.
+ Rate Adaptive DSL. See DSL Family in
+ this HOWTO for more.
@@ -5752,8 +5956,12 @@ PM
Regional Bell Operating Company. The 'Baby Bells'. The U.S. phone
companies that have had a state sponsored monopoly since the break up of
- AT&T.
+ AT&T.
+
+ FIXME: ask Greg Ferguson if the numeric entities or
+ the named ones work better
+
@@ -5773,7 +5981,7 @@ PM
- Single Line DSL. Also, sometimes 'Symmetric DSL'. See DSL Family for more.
@@ -5802,6 +6010,10 @@ PM
splits the DSL signal into separate voice and data channels. Typically
installed near the demarcation point.
+
+ Which term is being used for the demarcation
+ point?
+
@@ -5827,7 +6039,7 @@ PM
- Small Office HOme
+ Small Office/Home Office
@@ -6077,7 +6289,7 @@ PM
All external, ethernet based modems, and modem
- combination devices, should work no problem. The only requirement is a
+ combination devices, should work with no problems. The only requirement is a
compatible network card. (Technically speaking, there are a few, rare and
very minor exceptions.)
@@ -6119,12 +6331,12 @@ should be completely 'Linux compatible'.
So to make this list, the ISP/provider must make available some type of
- workable modem (ethernet interface at this point in time). And, should not
+ workable modem (ethernet interface at this point in time), nor should
penalize you, or make things difficult, just because you are running an
alternate OS. Installing directly onto Linux should be an available option,
and should not cause you any undue hardship. Technical support for Linux is a
nice bonus, but not necessary to make the list. Please do not take these as
- recommendations. Do your own homework.
+ recommendations, do your own homework.
@@ -6312,10 +6524,10 @@ should be completely 'Linux compatible'.
URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IP-Masquerade-HOWTO.html">IP
Masquerade HOWTO , and Firewall
- HOWTO for more information. Also, for 2.4 kernels see for more information. For 2.4 kernels see the Linux 2.4 Advanced Routing HOWTO. My experience is that Linux is more
- flexible and provides superior routing/firewalling performance. And it is
+ flexible and provides superior routing/firewalling performance. It is
much less expensive than a commercial router -- if you find an old 486 machine
that you may be using as a doorstop somewhere.