mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN">
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://docbook.org/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
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<article class="whitepaper" id="Encrypted-Root-Filesystem-HOWTO">
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@ -27,6 +30,13 @@ Version 1.2.
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>v1.3</revnumber>
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<date>2005-03-13</date>
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<authorinitials>cd</authorinitials>
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<revremark>Updated the packages version.</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>v1.2</revnumber>
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<date>2004-10-20</date>
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@ -96,32 +106,46 @@ Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes
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/dev/hda2 2 263 2104515 83 Linux
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/dev/hda3 264 525 2104515 83 Linux
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/dev/hda4 526 2047 12225465 83 Linux</screen>
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</para>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="debian-packages">
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<title>Required packages</title>
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<para>
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If you use Debian, the following packages are mandatory:
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</para><para>
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<screen>apt-get install gcc make libncurses5-dev patch bzip2 wget</screen>
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</para><para>
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To make copy & paste easier, you should also install:
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</para><para>
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<screen>apt-get install lynx gpm</screen>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="install-kernel-2.4">
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<title>Installing Linux-2.4.27</title>
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<title>Installing Linux-2.4.29</title>
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<para>
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There are two main projects which add loopback encryption support in the
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kernel: cryptoloop and loop-AES. This howto is based on loop-AES, since it
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features an extremely fast and highly optimized implementation of Rijndael
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in assembly language, and therefore provides maximum performance if
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you have an IA-32 (x86) CPU. Besides, there are some
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<ulink url="http://groups.google.fr/groups?selm=1emrG-1Ck-25%40gated-at.bofh.it">security concerns</ulink>
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<ulink url="http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=1emrG-1Ck-25%40gated-at.bofh.it">security concerns</ulink>
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about cryptoloop.
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</para><para>
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First of all, download and unpack the loop-AES package:
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</para><para>
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<screen>wget http://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES/loop-AES-v2.2b.tar.bz2
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tar -xvjf loop-AES-v2.2b.tar.bz2</screen>
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<screen>cd /usr/src
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wget http://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/loop-AES/loop-AES-v3.0b.tar.bz2
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tar -xvjf loop-AES-v3.0b.tar.bz2</screen>
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</para><para>
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Then you must download and patch the kernel source:
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</para><para>
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<screen>wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.27.tar.bz2
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tar -xvjf linux-2.4.27.tar.bz2
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cd linux-2.4.27
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<screen>wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.29.tar.bz2
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tar -xvjf linux-2.4.29.tar.bz2
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cd linux-2.4.29
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rm include/linux/loop.h drivers/block/loop.c
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patch -Np1 -i ../loop-AES-v2.2b/kernel-2.4.27.diff</screen>
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patch -Np1 -i ../loop-AES-v3.0b/kernel-2.4.28.diff</screen>
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</para><para>
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Setup the keyboard map:
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</para><para>
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@ -171,7 +195,7 @@ Otherwise, update /etc/lilo.conf and run lilo:
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lba32
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boot=/dev/hda
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prompt
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timeout=100
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timeout=60
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image=/boot/vmlinuz
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label=Linux
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read-only
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@ -184,33 +208,35 @@ You may now restart the system.
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="install-kernel-2.6">
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<title>Installing Linux-2.6.8.1</title>
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<title>Installing Linux-2.6.10</title>
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<para>
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Proceed as described in the previous section, using loop-aes'
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<emphasis>kernel-2.6.8.1.diff</emphasis> patch instead. Note that
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modules support require that you have the module-init-tools
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<emphasis>kernel-2.6.10.diff</emphasis> patch instead, and make
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sure cryptoloop support is <emphasis>not</emphasis> activated.
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Note that modules support require that you have the module-init-tools
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package installed.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="install-util-linux">
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<title>Installing util-linux-2.12b</title>
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<title>Installing util-linux-2.12p</title>
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<para>
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The losetup program, which is part of the util-linux package, must be
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patched and recompiled in order to add strong cryptography support.
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Download, unpack and patch util-linux:
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</para><para>
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<screen>wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/util-linux-2.12b.tar.bz2
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tar -xvjf util-linux-2.12b.tar.bz2
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cd util-linux-2.12b
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patch -Np1 -i ../loop-AES-v2.2b/util-linux-2.12c.diff</screen>
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<screen>cd /usr/src
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wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/util-linux-2.12p.tar.bz2
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tar -xvjf util-linux-2.12p.tar.bz2
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cd util-linux-2.12p
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patch -Np1 -i ../loop-AES-v3.0b/util-linux-2.12p.diff</screen>
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</para><para>
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To use passwords that are less than 20 characters, enter:
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</para><para>
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<screen>CFLAGS="-O2 -DLOOP_PASSWORD_MIN_LENGTH=8"; export CFLAGS</screen>
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</para><para>
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Security is probably one of your major concerns. For this reason, please do
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not enable passwords shorter than 20 characters. Data privacy is not free,
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Security is certainly your major concern. For this reason, please do not
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enable passwords shorter than 20 characters. Data privacy is not free,
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one has to 'pay' in form of long passwords.
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</para><para>
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Compile losetup and install it as root:
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@ -221,7 +247,8 @@ rm -f /usr/share/man/man8/losetup.8*
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cd mount
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gzip losetup.8
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cp losetup /sbin
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cp losetup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/</screen>
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cp losetup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/
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chattr +i /sbin/losetup</screen>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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@ -239,8 +266,9 @@ Setup the encrypted loopback device:
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</para><para>
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To prevent optimized dictionary attacks, it is recommended to add
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the -S xxxxxx option, where "xxxxxx" is your randomly chosen
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seed (for example, you might choose "gPk4lA"). Also, in order to
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avoid boot-time problems with the keyboard map, do not use non-ASCII
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seed (for example, you might choose "gPk4lA"). Write down your seed on
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a piece of paper so that you don't loose it afterwards. Also, in order
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to avoid boot-time problems with the keyboard map, do not use non-ASCII
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characters (accents, etc.) in your password. The
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<ulink url="http://www.diceware.com/">Diceware</ulink> site offers
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a simple way to create strong, yet easy to remember, passphrases.
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@ -343,20 +371,23 @@ EOF
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gcc -s sleep.c -o ramdisk/bin/sleep
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rm sleep.c</screen>
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</para><para>
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Create the init script (don't forget to replace "xxxxxx"
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with your chosen seed):
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Create the init script:
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</para><para>
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<screen>cat > ramdisk/sbin/init << "EOF"
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#!/bin/sh
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/bin/sleep 3
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/sbin/losetup -e aes256 -S xxxxxx /dev/loop0 /dev/hda2
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echo -n "Enter seed value: "
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read SEED
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/sbin/losetup -e aes256 -S $SEED /dev/loop0 /dev/hda2
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/bin/mount -r -n -t ext3 /dev/loop0 /mnt
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while [ $? -ne 0 ]
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do
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/sbin/losetup -d /dev/loop0
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/sbin/losetup -e aes256 -S xxxxxx /dev/loop0 /dev/hda2
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/sbin/losetup -e aes256 -S $SEED /dev/loop0 /dev/hda2
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/bin/mount -r -n -t ext3 /dev/loop0 /mnt
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done
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@ -383,13 +414,13 @@ media, such as a bootable CD-ROM.
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</para><para>
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Download and unpack syslinux:
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</para><para>
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<screen>wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/syslinux-2.10.tar.bz2
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tar -xvjf syslinux-2.10.tar.bz2</screen>
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<screen>wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/syslinux-3.07.tar.bz2
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tar -xvjf syslinux-3.07.tar.bz2</screen>
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</para><para>
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Configure isolinux:
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</para><para>
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<screen>mkdir bootcd
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cp /boot/{vmlinuz,initrd.gz} syslinux-2.10/isolinux.bin bootcd
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cp /boot/{vmlinuz,initrd.gz} syslinux-3.07/isolinux.bin bootcd
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echo "DEFAULT /vmlinuz initrd=initrd.gz ro root=/dev/ram0" \
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> bootcd/isolinux.cfg</screen>
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</para><para>
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@ -444,12 +475,15 @@ If you use lilo:
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cp /boot/boot.b /loader/boot/
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mknod -m 600 /loader/dev/hda b 3 0
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mknod -m 600 /loader/dev/hda1 b 3 1
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mknod -m 600 /loader/dev/hda2 b 3 2
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mknod -m 600 /loader/dev/hda3 b 3 3
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mknod -m 600 /loader/dev/hda4 b 3 4
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mknod -m 600 /loader/dev/ram0 b 1 0
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cat > /loader/etc/lilo.conf << EOF
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lba32
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boot=/dev/hda
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prompt
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timeout=100
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timeout=60
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image=/vmlinuz
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label=Linux
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initrd=/initrd.gz
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@ -469,7 +503,7 @@ Still inside chroot, modify /etc/fstab so that it contains:
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</para><para>
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<screen>/dev/loop0 / ext3 defaults 0 1</screen>
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</para><para>
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Remove /etc/mtab and exit from chroot. Finally, run "umount -d /mnt/efs"
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Delete /etc/mtab and exit from chroot. Finally, run "umount -d /mnt/efs"
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and reboot. If something goes wrong, you can still boot your unencrypted
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partition by entering "Linux root=/dev/hda3" at the LILO: prompt.
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</para><para>
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@ -525,17 +559,20 @@ vi /etc/fstab
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<para>
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The Encrypted Root Filesystem HOWTO was first written in november 2002 for the
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<ulink url="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/news.html">Linux From Scratch</ulink>
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project. I'd like to thank the many people who have since helped me improve
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this document (in reverse chronological order): Luc Vo Van, Jacobus Brink,
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Ernesto Pérez Estévez, Matthew Ploessel, Mike Lorek, Lars Bungum, Michael
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Shields, Julien Perrot, Grant Stephenson, Cary W. Gilmer, James Howells,
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Pedro Baez, Josh Purinton, Jari Ruusu and Zibeli Aton.
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project. I'd like to thank the many people who have since contributed to
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this document (in reverse chronological order): Micha Borrmann,
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Dennis Lemckert, Oleg Vyushin, Ellen Bokhorst, Daczi László, Gaetano Zappulla,
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Guillaume Lehmann, Claude Thomassin, Jean-Philippe Guérard, Luc Vo Van,
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Jacobus Brink, Ernesto Pérez Estévez, Matthew Ploessel, Mike Lorek,
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Lars Bungum, Michael Shields, Julien Perrot, Grant Stephenson, Cary W. Gilmer,
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James Howells, Pedro Baez, Josh Purinton, Jari Ruusu and Zibeli Aton.
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</para><para>
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This HOWTO has been translated in various languages:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.traduc.org/docs/HOWTO/lecture/Encrypted-Root-Filesystem-HOWTO.html">French</ulink></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.linux.it/~gaetano/erfs/">Italian</ulink></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><ulink url="http://tldp.fsf.hu/HOWTO/Encrypted-Root-Filesystem-HOWTO-hu/">Hungarian</ulink></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><ulink url="http://doc.nl.linux.org/HOWTO/Encrypted-Root-Filesystem-HOWTO-NL/article.html">Dutch</ulink></para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para><para>
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Please send any comment to
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