mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
Updated Linux-Android HOWTO from Guido Gonzato
Hello Martin, I've been lurking on the discuss list and have fixed the text following some suggestions I received. Please find attached the final version of my proposed Howto; I hope it's going to be accepted. All the best, Guido =8-)
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Martin A. Brown
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@ -55,14 +55,31 @@ OS X only, but a GNU/Linux system is perfectly capable of interacting
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with Android devices. With a bit of hacking, as usual.
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<p>
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In the following, I will share a few tricks I have collected. I work
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on a GNU/Linux Mint box, but I'll try and be distribution-agnostic.
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I'll concentrate on Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) whenever
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possible, and I'll take standard, unrooted Android devices into
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account. By the way: ``rooting'' means tweaking your Andbox to gain
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root permissions, as you would do in Linux with <tt>sudo</tt>.
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``Unrooted'' means ``not tweaked''.
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In the following, I will share a few tricks I have collected:
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<itemize>
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<item> using the Android Debug Bridge;
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<item> understanding and using the Android file system;
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<item> installing programs from other markets;
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<item> copying and syncing files and directories;
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<item> backing up stuff;
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<item> using a terminal emulator;
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<item> compiling native command-line programs;
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<item> remote control to/from Android;
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<item> and more.
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</itemize>
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<p>
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I work on a GNU/Linux Mint box, but I'll try and be
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distribution-agnostic. I'll concentrate on Free and Open Source
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Software (FOSS) whenever possible, and I'll take standard, unrooted
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Android devices into account. By the way: ``rooting'' means tweaking
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your Andbox to gain root permissions, as you would do in Linux with
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<tt>sudo</tt>. ``Unrooted'' means ``not tweaked''.
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<p>
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Since Android is very fragmented (hey, it's Linux after all!) and
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several versions are available, I'll just provide information that is
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applicable to what I own: Android 4.0.4, 4.1.1, and 5.0.1 on ARM
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@ -207,6 +224,7 @@ edit the file:
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/etc/udev/rules.d/50-android.rules
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</verb></tscreen>
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<p>
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(create a new file if it's missing) and add this line:
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<tscreen><verb>
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@ -525,7 +543,8 @@ suggestions are:
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<p>
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is a ``real'' keyboard that provides arrow keys, Esc, Alt, Ctrl, and
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so on. Released under the Apache License 2.0.
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so on; you really can't do without it if you plan to use a terminal
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emulator. Released under the Apache License 2.0.
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<item>Ghost Commander:
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@ -553,7 +572,8 @@ emulator and BusyBox, <htmlurl url="http://www.busybox.net/"
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name="http://www.busybox.net/">. The latter is a single executable
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that provides the functionality of several commands that you normally
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expect to find in any self-respecting Unix box, but that are missing
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in Android.
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in Android. <tt>cp</tt> and <tt>tar</tt> are the first that spring to
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mind.
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<p>
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In Section <ref id="terminals" name="Terminal Emulators and Shells">
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@ -628,18 +648,20 @@ An Andbox can easily share its installed programs with another
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device, provided that the Android versions are compatible. All you
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need is Ghost Commander.
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<p>
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From the ``Home'' position, select ``Applications'' to get a list of
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installed <tt>.apk</tt>s ; click on the one you want and copy it to a
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standard folder (say, <tt>/mnt/sdcard</tt>.) From this location, long
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press on the program <tt>.apk</tt> and select ``Send To...''. Now
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select Bluetooth, which is probably the easiest way to send the APK to
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Alice; or choose another method from Section <ref id="copying"
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name="Copying Files"> below.
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name="Copying Files"> below. If your device refuses to send a
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<tt>.apk</tt> file via Bluetooth, just rename or zip it before sending
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it, then unpack it or rename it back on the new device.
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<p>
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If your device refuses to send a <tt>.apk</tt> file via Bluetooth,
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just rename or zip it before sending it, then unpack it or rename it
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back on the new device.
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From within the Ghost Commander, tap on the <tt>.apk</tt> file to
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install the program. When done, you can delete the <tt>.apk</tt>.
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<!-- - - - -->
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@ -1057,8 +1079,8 @@ the same.
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<p>
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If you need a more complete command-line experience, you will also
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want to install a command-line environment like KBOX, ZShaolin or
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Terminal IDE:
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want to install a command-line environment like KBOX, ZShaolin,
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Terminal IDE, or Termux:
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<itemize>
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@ -1091,12 +1113,13 @@ Terminal IDE:
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<htmlurl url="http://www.spartacusrex.com/terminalide.htm"
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name="http://www.spartacusrex.com/terminalide.htm">
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<p>
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It's a very complete Linux-like command-line environment. It's
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focused on development, providing Vim, <tt>gcc</tt>, <tt>mc</tt>,
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<tt>ssh</tt>, and loads of software. Once installed, it gives you
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the option ``Install System'' to install additional components,
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including the <tt>bash</tt> shell.
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</itemize>
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<p>
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@ -1110,6 +1133,31 @@ that you install Terminal IDE: it provides a very Linux-like
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experience. If you're short on storage, I suggest that you install
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KBOX: it's a very good compromise.
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Users of Android 5 and later versions may want to install an
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alternative terminal emulator called Termux:
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<p>
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<htmlurl url="https://termux.com/" name="https://termux.com/">
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<p>
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It's very nice and self-contained, i.e. it does not need KBOX or
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another command-line environment. Additional software can be installed
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simply using apt (Debian users, does that ring a bell?):
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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$ gcc
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The program 'gcc' is not installed. Install it by executing:
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apt install gcc
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$ ...
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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<p>
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Termux is released under GPLv3, but some add-ons are available for a
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small fee.
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<!-- - - - -->
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<sect1>Installing KBOX
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@ -1316,9 +1364,9 @@ url="http://arachnoid.com/android/SSHelper/"
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name="http://arachnoid.com/android/SSHelper/">
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<p>
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Since it runs on
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unrooted devices, it uses the port 2222 instead of the standard port
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22; i.e., to connect to it from the Linux terminal you will do:
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Since it runs on unrooted devices, it uses the port 2222 instead of
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the standard port 22; i.e., to connect to it from the Linux terminal
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you will do:
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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@ -1386,6 +1434,7 @@ toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin/
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contains prebuilt binaries: include that directory in the
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<tt>$PATH</tt>.
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<p>
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The compiler is called <tt>arm-linux-androideabi-gcc</tt>. You use it
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instead of <tt>gcc</tt> to compile Android binaries. In general, all
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binutils have a <tt>arm-linux-androideabi-</tt> prefix.
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@ -1441,7 +1490,12 @@ Linux:~$ _
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Beware: Android 5.* has better security policies and will not allow
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running programs from <tt>/data/local/tmp</tt>, or even accessing that
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directory. From the terminal, you'll have to copy the compiled
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programs elsewhere. For instance, using KBOX:
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programs to a directory where you have write and execute permissions.
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Beware: you will have to copy files in the blind, specifying their
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exact names, no wildcards allowed!
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<p>
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For instance, using KBOX:
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<tscreen>
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<verb>
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@ -1451,13 +1505,13 @@ kbox$ cp /android_root/data/local/tmp/hello .
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kbox$ ls
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hello
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kbox$ ./hello
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hello, workd!
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hello, world!
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kbox$ _
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</verb>
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</tscreen>
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<p>
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A remarkable list of command-line programs can be compiled for
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A remarkable list of command-line programs can be easily compiled for
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Android. Among others, I ported the Bywater BASIC interpreter:
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<p>
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@ -1465,7 +1519,13 @@ Android. Among others, I ported the Bywater BASIC interpreter:
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name="http://sourceforge.net/projects/bwbasic/">
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<p>
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the C version of the e3 text editor:
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(minor tweaks were needed: I added <tt>-DHAVE_ISNAN=1</tt> to the DEFS
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in the <tt>Makefile</tt>, and also <tt>#define uint64_t unsigned
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long</tt> at the top of <tt>bwbasic.h</tt>)
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<p>
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The C version of the e3 text editor (version 2.7.1) can be compiled
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with no tweaks at all:
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<p>
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<htmlurl
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@ -1473,7 +1533,7 @@ url="https://sites.google.com/site/e3editor/"
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name="https://sites.google.com/site/e3editor/">
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<p>
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and the ABC music tools:
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same for the ABC music tools:
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<p>
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<htmlurl url="http://abcplus.sourceforge.net/"
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@ -1488,7 +1548,6 @@ Android are available here:
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<htmlurl url="http://kevinboone.net/android_native.html"
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name="http://kevinboone.net/android_native.html">.
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<p>
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Compile the programs you need, copy them to <tt>/data/local/tmp/</tt>,
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and make sure this directory is included in the <tt>$PATH</tt> of your
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