mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
722 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
722 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
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<!DOCTYPE Article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">
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<Article>
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<artheader>
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<Title>Pine-Exchange mini-HOWTO</Title>
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<Author>
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<firstname>Alexandru Roman <roma4386@rh.edu></firstname>
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</Author>
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<PubDate>v1.0, 2002-03-28</PubDate>
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
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<date>2002-03-28</date>
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<authorinitials>ar</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Submitted to the LDP for publication.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>0.3</revnumber>
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<date>2002-03-25</date>
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<authorinitials>ar</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Added the site-wide Pine Configuration information
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>0.2</revnumber>
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<date>2002-03-22</date>
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<authorinitials>ar</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Added Exchange v5.5 requirement, Pine v4.0 requirement, and
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Acknowledgements Section.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>0.1</revnumber>
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<date>2002-03-21</date>
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<authorinitials>ar</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Submitted to the LPD community/listserv for review.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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</revhistory>
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<Abstract>
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<Para>
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This HOWTO documents the configuration of the Pine email client to be
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used with a Microsoft Exchange Server.
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</Para>
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</Abstract>
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</artheader>
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<Sect1 id="introduction">
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<Title>Introduction</Title>
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<Para>
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This HOWTO will provide you the required information on setting up Pine to
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connect seamlessly to an Exchange Server. The services include the following:
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<ItemizedList>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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The ability to send and receive email with Pine through an Exchange Server.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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Access to all your Exchange INBOX and specialized folders and messages.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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Configuration of specialized folders (Drafts, Sent Items, Public, etc).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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Access to the Global Address List on the Exchange Server.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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Seamless configuration meaning that you can switch between
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Exchange/Outlook/Pine clients without any problems. (Pine will not mess up
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your existing configuration if you wish to revert back to Outlook)
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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NOTE: This configuration will not allow you access locally created Exchange
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files (ie. .pst, .pab, etc)
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</Para>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1 id="requirements">
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<Title>Requirements</Title>
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<Para>
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I assume if you are reading this HOWTO, you probably already meet the requirements, but here they are anyhow:
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<ItemizedList>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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Have a working knowledge of the Pine email client (There is little to no
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documentation in this HOWTO on using Pine). If you need more information
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on using Pine, check out their main website. (see Resources)
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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A username/password in order to log into the Exchange Server (Exchange
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servers run in a Microsoft domain, so your Exchange logon will be the same
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as your domain logon).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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Befriend the SysAdmin of your Exchange Server (You may or may not need the
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help of this person depending on which services are running).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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The Exchange Server must be version 5.5 or greater (Exchange did not
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support IMAP until 5.5).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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Pine started supporting IMAP with v2.0 and LDAP with v4.0. I would
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recommend upgrading to the newest version, at the release of this document
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v4.44 or at least v4.0 or greater.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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</Para>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1 id="communication">
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<Title>Communication</Title>
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<Para>
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These are the protocols that will facilitate communication between the Pine
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client and the Exchange Server: IMAP, SMTP, and LDAP. (see Resources)
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<ItemizedList>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) - This protocol will provide you
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access to all your messages and folders on the Exchange Server.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - This protocol will allow you to send
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outgoing Internet email.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) - This protocol will provide
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you access to the Global Address List on the Exchange Server.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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</Para>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1 id="exchange">
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<Title>Exchange Server Configuration</Title>
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<Para>
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Before starting to work on your Pine configuration, you must make sure that the
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Exchange Server is configured correctly. This is where your SysAdmin comes in to
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play. You need to make sure the IMAP, SMTP, and LDAP services are all running.
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These services could potentially be running on separate servers, so you need to
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consult your SysAdmin.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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On Exchange Server 5.5, IMAP and LDAP are installed and running in the default
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installation. SMTP has to be installed separately, and comes in an add-on package
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called Microsoft Exchange Connector, specifically for sending mail on the
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Internet.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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NOTE: You can manually check to see if these services are running by telneting
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to their respective ports. (ie. IMAP:143, SMTP:25, and LDAP:389)
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</Para>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1 id="pine">
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<Title>Pine Configuration</Title>
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<Para>
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Pine has three types of configuration files we will concern ourselves with. Each
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of them can contain all the same settings, but with varied syntax. The decreasing
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order of precedence for each setting is as follows: /etc/pine.conf.fixed,
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~/.pinerc, and /etc/pine.conf. Basically this means if Pine is looking for a
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specific setting it first checks pine.conf.fixed, if it does not exist it checks
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~/.pinerc, if it does not exist it finally checks /etc/pine.conf.
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<ItemizedList>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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~/.pinerc -- This is the local user copy of the configuration file. It is
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located in the root of the users home directory it only affects that user.
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You should use this configuration if you do not have superusers/root access
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on the computer on which you are using Pine. To generate a new configuration
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file of this type, you issue the command 'pine -pinerc .pinerc.new'.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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/etc/pine.conf -- This is the site-wide Pine configuration file, so it
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affects all the users running Pine on that machine (It can only be installed
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by the superuser/root account). The syntax is slightly different than the
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~/.pinerc file since it has to represent all the users on the system, not
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just one. To generate a new configuration file of this type, you issue the
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command 'pine -conf > pine.conf.new'.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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/etc/pine.conf.fixed -- This has exactly the same purpose and syntax as the
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/etc/pine.conf file, except for one property. This file is not overridden
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by the users ~/.pinerc file. Basically all the settings in this file are
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enforced, and cannot be changed by the user. Initially this file should be
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empty. You should add settings to it as needed.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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Each of these files contain settings in the form of "key=value" pairings. You
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can change these settings with your favorite editor (ex. vi). For the ~/.pinerc
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file the user can change the settings directly from Pine, by going into (S)etup
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then (C)onfig. For LDAP settings go into (S)etup then (D)irectory.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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Here are the important settings for communicating with the Exchange Server:
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</Para>
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<Para>
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NOTE: The syntax of each setting will be shown in the Example configuration.
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<ItemizedList>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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user-domain -- The domain name portion of your email address (So if your
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email address is user@yourcompany.com, then yourcompany.com would be
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your user-domain).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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customized-hdrs -- This is the actually "From:" header that will appear in
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the message that you compose before you send it out. If you don't specify
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this header, the user and full name are taken from the system
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/etc/passwd file. There are other variations to setting up the "From:"
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header (see Resources).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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smtp-server -- The hostname of your SMTP server. This may or may not be the
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same as your Exchange Server. (With SMTP Authentication you will need to
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specify a "/user" parameter on the end of this setting).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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inbox-path -- This contains the default path to your INBOX. (This should
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point to the remote INBOX on your Exchange/IMAP server).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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folder-collections -- This contains points to other folder collections you
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wish to view. There are only two sets you should concern yourself with.
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The first is your INBOX folders (personal folders you create in your
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INBOX), and the second is your Mailbox folders, which are default folders
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(ie. Sent Items, Deleted Items, Drafts, Outbox, Public Folders, etc.)
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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default-fcc -- This folder contains a carbon copy of all messages that you
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sent out. (This should point to the "Sent Items" folder on the Exchange
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server)
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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postponed-folder -- This folder contains postponed messages, that you wish
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to finish later. (If you are using Outlook, this should point to the
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"Drafts" folder on the Exchange server, otherwise you can create your own
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on the server)
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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ldap-server -- This is the hostname of your LDAP server. There are many
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parameters available for which you should consult your Pine documentation.
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(This will be used to access the Global Address List on the Exchange
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Server).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>
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rsh-open-timeout -- Pine will use rsh to connect to IMAP by default.
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This is an Integer value which represents the timeout period. (Since
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Exchange servers don't run rsh, we are going to want to disable this
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feature by setting this value to 0).
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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One potential problem that you may run into is SMTP Authentication. Basically,
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this means that you need to provide a username and password to use SMTP to send
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email. I have found no official documentation which states that Pine supports
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SMTP Authentication (more so on the contrary). The closest thing I've found is
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the possibility of a /user Parameter to the smtp-server setting, which was
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mentioned briefly in the change log from version 4.20 to 4.21. It was also
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brought up a couple of times on the listserv. (see Resources)
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</Para>
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<Para>
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If you still have problems with it, here is an alternative which I ended up
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using. You can have your SysAdmin add your IP address to the Exchange
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Server to allow you to bypass the SMTP authentication.
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</Para>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1 id="example">
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<Title>Example Configuration</Title>
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<para>
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This example should help carify the syntax of the settings defined in the
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previous section, with a set of artificial data.
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</para>
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<Sect2>
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<Title>Gather your information</Title>
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<para>
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Let us assume the following default information (You may provide your own
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if you have it available):
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</para>
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<para>
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<Screen>
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Printed Name = "Foo Foo"
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Account/User Name = "foofoo"
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Domain Name = "foofoo.org"
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Exchange/IMAP/LDAP Server = "192.168.1.25"
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</Screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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NOTE: In order for the transition to be seamless, you have to make sure you
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match the information precisely as it is stored on the Exchange Server. (ie
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if your name on the Exchange server is "John B. Doe", make sure you set your
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printed name to the exact value)
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</para>
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<para>
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Let us also assume, you have been using Outlook up to this point, and you have
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accumulated some messages in your "INBOX", "Sent Items", and "Drafts". Not too
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mention a couple of personal folders you created in your "INBOX" on the server
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to categorize your mail: "TODO", "DONE", and "Personal".
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</para>
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</Sect2>
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<Sect2>
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<Title>Setting up a local ~/.pinerc configuration file</Title>
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<para>
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Here are the settings you should find in your ~/.pinerc file. In most cases, each
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setting will be empty (ie "key=" with no value specified). Here is what they
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would look like plugging in the default information.
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</para>
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<para>
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<Screen>
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user-domain=foofoo.org
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smtp-server=192.168.1.25
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inbox-path={192.168.1.25/user=foofoo}INBOX
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folder-collections="INBOX Folders" {192.168.1.25/user=foofoo}inbox/[],
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"Mailbox Folders" {192.168.1.25/user=foofoo}[]
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default-fcc="{192.168.1.25/user=foofoo}Sent Items"
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postponed-folder={192.168.1.25/user=foofoo}Drafts
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customized-hdrs=From: Foo Foo <foofoo@foofoo.org>
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ldap-servers=192.168.1.100 "/base=/impl=1/rhs=0/ref=0/nosub=0/type=
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/srch=contains/time=/size=/cust=/nick=/matr=/catr=/satr=/gatr="
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rsh-open-timeout=0
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</Screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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NOTE: If you want to try SMTP Authentication with the above configuration, you
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would replace:
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<screen>
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smtp-server=192.168.1.25
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</screen>
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with:
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<screen>
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smtp-server=192.168.1.25/user=foofoo
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</screen>
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</para>
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</Sect2>
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||
|
|
||
|
<Sect2>
|
||
|
<Title>Setting up a site-wide Pine configuration</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
This configuration affects all the users on the system and requires a bit more
|
||
|
work to setup. Only a UNIX SysAdmin should attempt this configuration.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
NOTE: In order for this configuration to work properly, the Microsoft domain
|
||
|
account information must be synced up with the Unix account information
|
||
|
(ie. usernames and full names must match).
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Looking at the default provided information you should notice that "Printed Name",
|
||
|
and "Account/User Name" now have to be generalized. For "Printed Name", in
|
||
|
removing it from the configuration file, Pine will default to the personal name
|
||
|
found in the /etc/passwd file. For "Account/User Name", you can use "${USER}",
|
||
|
which points to the environment variable which holds the users login name. So
|
||
|
with that you get the following configuration:
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
<Screen>
|
||
|
user-domain=foofoo.org
|
||
|
smtp-server=192.168.1.25
|
||
|
inbox-path={192.168.1.25/user=${USER}}INBOX
|
||
|
folder-collections="INBOX Folders" {192.168.1.25/user=${USER}}inbox/[],
|
||
|
"Mailbox Folders" {192.168.1.25/user=${USER}}[]
|
||
|
default-fcc="{192.168.1.25/user=${USER}}Sent Items"
|
||
|
postponed-folder={192.168.1.25/user=${USER}}Drafts
|
||
|
#customized-hdrs=From: Foo Foo <foofoo@foofoo.org>
|
||
|
ldap-servers=192.168.1.100 "/base=/impl=1/rhs=0/ref=0/nosub=0/type=
|
||
|
/srch=contains/time=/size=/cust=/nick=/matr=/catr=/satr=/gatr="
|
||
|
rsh-open-timeout=0
|
||
|
</Screen>
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
NOTE: In this configuration we want to comment out the "customized-hdrs" setting
|
||
|
since we want the user information to be retrieved from the system /etc/passwd
|
||
|
file.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
The last step in this configuration is determining whether to put the settings
|
||
|
in /etc/pine.conf or /etc/pine.conf.fixed. That choice is yours, and depends
|
||
|
on how much control you need to give to the users. If your company only
|
||
|
uses Exchange, maybe all the settings should go in fixed, but then users couldn't
|
||
|
use Pine for anything else. Remember, if you put a setting in pine.conf.fixed,
|
||
|
the user does not have the option to change it.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</Sect2>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Sect2>
|
||
|
<Title>Logging into the Exchange/IMAP server</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
When you first start up Pine, with your new configuration file (You can use the
|
||
|
command 'pine -p .pinerc.new-config' if you have multiple), Pine will
|
||
|
automatically try to connect to your Exchange/IMAP Server. After establishing a
|
||
|
connection, using the provided username from the configuration file, it will
|
||
|
prompt you for your password. This will be your network logon password on the
|
||
|
Microsoft domain. Once you get authenticated, you should be ready to go.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</Sect2>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Sect2>
|
||
|
<Title>Accessing your Folders with IMAP</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
When you first open your folder list, you should see three folder collections.
|
||
|
Incoming Folders(INBOX), INBOX Folders(personal folders), and Mailbox Folders
|
||
|
specialized folders).
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Even though this is not a Pine HOWTO, there is one thing I want to point out
|
||
|
about navigating the folders. When viewing the contents of a folder, if you want
|
||
|
to view the list of messages in the folder, hit the "ENTER" key, if you want to
|
||
|
view the list of folders(subdirectories) in the folder, hit the ">" key. If you
|
||
|
need more information on using Pine, check out their website (see Resources).
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</Sect2>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Sect2>
|
||
|
<Title>Accessing your Global Address List with LDAP</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
Using the default configuration provided in this example, when you compose a
|
||
|
new message, and type in a name in the "To:" box. Pine will first check your
|
||
|
local addressbook for the nickname. If it doesn't find it, it will then run an
|
||
|
LDAP query by default, using the default name you typed as the search string.
|
||
|
Depending on the speed of the LDAP server, you should get a response
|
||
|
relatively quickly. From the results you can choose the entry you were looking
|
||
|
for, and continue writing your email.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
NOTE: If you type in an email address in the "To:" box, it will NOT do an LDAP
|
||
|
search or any other addressbook search (ie. user@smtp.email.org).
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
If you just want to do a search, without actually composing a new message, you
|
||
|
can go directly to your addressbook, select the LDAP server, and type the
|
||
|
search string from there (ie (M)ain, (A)ddressbook).
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
In case you do not want Pine to do an automatic LDAP lookup everytime you
|
||
|
compose a new message, you can change the parameter "/impl=1" in the
|
||
|
"ldap-server" setting to "/impl=0". This will allow you to do a manual LDAP
|
||
|
query if you wish.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</Sect2>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Sect2>
|
||
|
<Title>Sending an email with SMTP</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<para>
|
||
|
This procedure does not change from normal Pine usage. You can start composing
|
||
|
your message right away. When you send the message it will get sent through the
|
||
|
provided SMTP server.
|
||
|
</para>
|
||
|
</Sect2>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</Sect1>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Sect1 id="resources">
|
||
|
<Title>Resources</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<ItemizedList>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.washington.edu/pine/">Pine Information Center</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.washington.edu/pine/pine-info/">Pine mailing list</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.washington.edu/pine/faq/">Pine Frequently Asked Questions</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.washington.edu/pine/tech-notes/">Current Pine Distribution Documentation</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.washington.edu/pine/changes.html">Pine Version Changes</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.ii.com/internet/messaging/pine/changing_from/">Changing Your From Header in Pine</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.imap.org/">Internet Message Access Protocol</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.openldap.org/">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0821.txt">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
<ListItem>
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
<ulink url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2554.txt">SMTP Authentication RFC</ulink>
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
</ListItem>
|
||
|
</ItemizedList>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</Sect1>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Sect1 id="acknowledgements">
|
||
|
<Title>Acknowledgements</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
Thanks to Hugo van der Kooij for mentioning that Exchange version 5.5 or greater
|
||
|
was not in the Requirements section. Thanks to Y Giridhar Appaji Nag for
|
||
|
suggesting I add support for a Site-Wide Pine configuration.
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</Sect1>
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Sect1 id="disclaimer">
|
||
|
<Title>Disclaimer</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
Use the information in this document at your own risk. I disavow any
|
||
|
potential liability for the contents of this document. Use of the
|
||
|
concepts, examples, and/or other content of this document is entirely
|
||
|
at your own risk.
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
All copyrights are owned by their owners, unless specifically noted
|
||
|
otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as
|
||
|
affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as
|
||
|
endorsements.
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</Sect1>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Sect1 id="copyright">
|
||
|
<Title>Copyright</Title>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
Copyright (c) 2001-2002 by Alexandru Roman
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||
|
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
|
||
|
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
|
||
|
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
|
||
|
Texts. A copy of the license may be found at:
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<Para>
|
||
|
It is requested that the author's name and email are retained on all
|
||
|
copies of this document. It is requested that corrections and/or comments
|
||
|
be forwarded to the author. It is requested that the author be notified of
|
||
|
any redistribution, derivation, and/or incorporation of this document.
|
||
|
</Para>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</Sect1>
|
||
|
|
||
|
</Article>
|
||
|
|
||
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
||
|
Local variables:
|
||
|
mode: sgml
|
||
|
sgml-omittag:t
|
||
|
sgml-shorttag:t
|
||
|
sgml-namecase-general:t
|
||
|
sgml-general-insert-case:lower
|
||
|
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
|
||
|
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
|
||
|
sgml-indent-step:1
|
||
|
sgml-indent-data:nil
|
||
|
sgml-parent-document:nil
|
||
|
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
|
||
|
sgml-local-catalogs:nil
|
||
|
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
|
||
|
End:
|
||
|
-->
|