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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!DOCTYPE Article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">
<Article id="index">
<ArtHeader>
<Title>DSL HOWTO for Linux</Title>
Many small additions and changes.
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<PubDate>v1.1, 14 November 2000</PubDate>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<AuthorGroup>
<AUTHOR>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<FirstName>David</FirstName>
<SurName>Fannin</SurName>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Affiliation>
<Address>
<Email>dfannin@sushisoft.com</Email>
</Address>
</Affiliation>
</AUTHOR>
<AUTHOR>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<FirstName>Updated by: Hal</FirstName>
<SurName>Burgiss</SurName>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Affiliation>
<Address>
<Email>hal@foobox.net</Email>
</Address>
</Affiliation>
</AUTHOR>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<Editor>
<firstname>Greg</firstname>
<surname>LeBlanc</surname>
<Affiliation>
<Address>
<Email>GLeblanc@cu-portland.edu</Email>
</Address>
</Affiliation>
</Editor>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</AuthorGroup>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<!--
Broken...
<othercredit>
<firstname>Greg</firstname>
<surname>LeBlanc</surname>
<contrib>Help with layout, organization and various content suggestions.
</contrib>
</othercredit>
-->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<RevHistory>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Revision>
Many small additions and changes.
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<RevNumber>v1.1</RevNumber>
<Date>14 November 2000</Date>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Authorinitials>hb</Authorinitials>
<RevRemark>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Many miscellaneous minor corrections and updates.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</RevRemark>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
</Revision>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Revision>
<RevNumber>v0.99</RevNumber>
<Date>5 September 2000</Date>
<Authorinitials>hb</Authorinitials>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<RevRemark>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Various updates, additions and new sections.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</RevRemark>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
</Revision>
<Revision>
<RevNumber>v0.92</RevNumber>
<Date>10 April 1999</Date>
<Authorinitials>df</Authorinitials>
<RevRemark>
First release.
</RevRemark>
</Revision>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</RevHistory>
<KeywordSet>
<Keyword>DSL</Keyword>
<Keyword>xDSL</Keyword>
<Keyword>ADSL</Keyword>
<Keyword>RADSL</Keyword>
<Keyword>IDSL</Keyword>
<Keyword>G.Lite</Keyword>
<Keyword>SDSL</Keyword>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Keyword>PPPoE</Keyword>
<Keyword>DSLAM</Keyword>
<Keyword>VDSL</Keyword>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Keyword>Broadband</Keyword>
<Keyword>Internet</Keyword>
</KeywordSet>
<Abstract>
<Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<Comment>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Converted to DocBook 3.1 HB 08/08/00.
This started as just some additions, but turned into major rewrite.
Many small additions and changes.
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====================================================================
Tue 09/05/00 11:23:38 AM -- begin next version.
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
Todo:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
TEQL
FTTC, FTTH, IFITL glossary
CO distance?
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DHCP_HOSTNAME=test
ONBOOT=yes
MACADDR
<!--
<glossary><title>Example Glossary</title>
<para>
This is not a real glossary, it's just an example.
</para>
<glossdiv><title>E</title>
<glossentry id="xml"><glossterm>Extensible Markup Language</glossterm>
<acronym>XML</acronym>
<glossdef>
<para>Some reasonable definition here.</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="sgml">
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
</glossdiv>
</glossary>
-->
Changes:
Added some Provider specific FAQs in Links section.
Remove PhoenixDSL due to bankruptcy (uggghhh).
Alcatel Wireless modem added, and a few others.
Added brief section on Wireless broadband.
Implemented most of GregL's suggestions.
New Xpeed PCI modems added.
Added brief section on xinetd to Security.
Re-did rp-pppoe and pppoed at request of jamal hadi@cyberus.ca
URL to this doc at linuxdoc is broken. Fixed.
Added brief section on installing microfilters.
Tuning is in its own sub-section now.
Added a summary of layout to Navigation section.
Minor change to IFITL section.
Several new ISPs added. A European one too!
New FAQs: what is FastPath? Can I run server?
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Comment>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
This document examines the DSL family of high speed Internet services now
being deployed in various markets worldwide. Information is included on the
technology behind DSL as well as subscribing, installing, configuring, and
troubleshooting, with an emphasis on how this impacts Linux users.
</Para>
</Abstract>
</ArtHeader>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~~~~ New Section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<Sect1 id="intro">
<Title>Introduction</Title>
<Para>
*** empty log message ***
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DSL, or Digital Subscriber Loop, is a high-speed Internet access technology
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
that uses a standard copper telephone line (a.k.a. <Quote>loop</Quote> in
telco parlance). DSL provides a direct, dedicated connection to an ISP via
the existing telco network. DSL is designed to run on up to 80% of the
telephone lines available in the United States. By using line-adaptive
modulation, DSL is capable of providing data speeds of 8 Mbps, or more.
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
DSL services are now being aggressively marketed for home and small business
use. DSL is typically priced below ISDN, and well below T1 service, yet can
provide potentially even greater speeds than T1 without the
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
cost, complexity, and availability issues of T1. Since DSL is a dedicated,
Many small additions and changes.
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often <Quote>always on</Quote> service, it avoids the delays and use charges
that are common with ISDN. Making this quite a nice technology for the
bandwidth starved masses.
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
While all this sounds exciting, DSL does have some drawbacks. The quality of
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
the DSL signal, and thus the connection, depends on distance (the length of
the copper <Quote>loop</Quote>) and various other factors. Also, there is no
such thing as standard <Quote>DSL</Quote>. There are various flavors of DSL,
and many, many ways DSL providers are implementing their networks. In typical
fashion, Linux users are often left to fend for themselves, since the DSL
providers are often taking the easy way out, and catering only to
<Quote>mainstream</Quote> Operating Systems.
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
The topics included in this HOWTO include qualification and pre-installation,
installation, configuration, troubleshooting and securing a DSL connection. As
well as other related topics. There are also appendices including a
comprehensive <Link LinkEnd="overview">DSL Overview</Link>, <link
linkend="faq">Frequently Asked Questions</link>, a listing of <link
linkend="links">related links</link>, and a <link
linkend="glossary">glossary</link>. </Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Due to the fast pace of change in the telco and DSL industries, please make
sure you have the latest version of this document. The current official
Many small additions and changes.
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version can always be found at
<Ulink
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/DSL-HOWTO/">http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/DSL-HOWTO/</Ulink>.
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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<!--
Not right!
<Ulink
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/DSL-HOWTO.html">http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/DSL-HOWTO.html</Ulink>.
-->
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<Title>Document Structure and Reading Guidelines</Title>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
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<Para>
This document attempts to give a comprehensive discussion of DSL. All aspects
are hopefully addressed to one degree or another with what can be a complex
topic since it deals with networking, hardware, new fangled technologies, and
Many small additions and changes.
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various approaches taken by various vendors. The core components of this
document are:
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
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</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The <Link LinkEnd="installation">Installation</Link> section covers
installation of DSL hardware and related components, including wiring
considerations, splitter or microfilter installation, modem and Network
card installation.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The <Link LinkEnd="configure">Configuring Linux</Link> section covers
mostly client and software aspects of getting the connection up and
running. The Network card configuration is actually covered mostly in the
above Installation section.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The <Link LinkEnd="secure">Securing Your Connection</Link> section covers
Security implications that are even more important with a full-time
connection. Linux users seem especially targeted by crackers, because
quite frankly, some don't understand how important security is, or don't
understand the finer points of this.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The <Link LinkEnd="tuning">Tuning and Troubleshooting</Link> section
covers post-installation topics like how well is our connection performing,
and how to track down any show-stoppers or intermittent problems.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
There is also a lengthy Appendix that covers various topics relating to
Linux and DSL. None of these are directly related to simply getting that
connection up and running, but may be of interest nonetheless.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
To simplify the navigation of this document, below is a suggested reading
guideline. Everyone should read the Introduction. Please pay special
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
attention to the <Link LinkEnd="usage">Conventions and Terminology</Link>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
section, as some of this terminology may be used somewhat differently in
other contexts. Also, there is a <Link LinkEnd="glossary">Glossary</Link> if
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
you get lost in the world of TA (telco acronyms) ;-).
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
If you don't know anything about DSL, you should probably read the entire
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
document section. You may want to start with the <Link LinkEnd="overview">DSL
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
Overview</Link> section in the Appendix, and then the <Link
LinkEnd="faq">FAQ</Link>. The DSL Overview explains how the various pieces
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
of the puzzle fit together. DSL network implementations are more complex
than traditional dialup networks.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
If you have already done some homework, but have not ordered service from
anyone yet, read the <Link LinkEnd="cproviders">Choosing
Providers</Link> section, and the <Link LinkEnd="isps">Linux Friendly
ISPs</Link> sections. Also, you might get a head start by reading the
<Link LinkEnd="configure">Configuring Linux</Link> section so you know
what lies ahead.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
If you have ordered service already, and are awaiting delivery, you can
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
skip the sections on choosing a Provider. If you will be doing a
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
self-install, you should read the pertinent parts of the <Link
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
LinkEnd="installation">Installation</Link> section, the <Link
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
LinkEnd="configure">Configuring Linux</Link> section, and the <Link
LinkEnd="secure">Securing Your Connection</Link> section.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
If the installation is complete, and you can't get a working connection,
skip right to the <Link LinkEnd="tuning">Troubleshooting</Link> Section.
Many small additions and changes.
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If you are not clear on what protocols are required, or what software you
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
need to have installed, also read the <Link
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
LinkEnd="configure">Configuring Linux</Link> section. If not sure what
Many small additions and changes.
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terms like <Quote>sync</Quote> mean in this context, then be sure to read
the <Link LinkEnd="overview">DSL Overview</Link> section first so you know
how it all fits together.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
If trying to decide between cable and DSL, read the
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Link LinkEnd="cable">Cable vs DSL</Link> section, and possibly the
<Link LinkEnd="overview">DSL Overview</Link> section.
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many small additions and changes.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
If you have never had a full-time Internet connection, or are not
absolutely sure you fully understand how to secure you connection,
be sure to read The <Link LinkEnd="secure">Securing Your Connection</Link>
section. If you don't understand some aspect of this, re-read it, or start
looking for other references.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
There is a comprehensive <Link LinkEnd="links">Links section</Link> that
has references to some topics not touched on in the main body of the
Document itself.
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>Copyright</Title>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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DSL HOWTO for Linux (formerly the ADSL mini HOWTO)
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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Copyright &copy; 1998,1999 David Fannin.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
</Para>
<Para>
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
details.
</Para>
<Para>
You can get a copy of the GNU GPL at at <ULink
URL="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU GPL</ULink>.
</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>Credits</Title>
<Para>
Thanks to all those that contributed information to this HOWTO. I have
anti-spammed their email addresses for their safety (and mine!). Remove the
X's from their names.
</Para>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">B Ediger</Emphasis> (Xbediger@csn.net) Great
Description of loop impairment.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">C Wiesner</Emphasis> ( Xcraig@wkmn.com) List of many ADSL URLs.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">J Leeuw</Emphasis> ( Xjacco2@dds.nl) Many tips on ADSL,
especially in Europe
</Para>
</ListItem>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<!--
Dropped for this version.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">J Kass</Emphasis> ( Xjeremie@umich.edu) Unofficial
Ameritech ADSL FAQ
</Para>
</ListItem>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
-->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">N Silberstein</Emphasis> ( Xnick@tpdinc.com) Info on
Netrunner and his experience with US Worst.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
Many and various posters from comp.dcom.xdsl and
bellsouth.net.support.adsl, too numerous to mention individually.
(HB)
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<sect2 id="disclaimer">
<title>Disclaimer</title>
<para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
The authors accept no liability for the contents of this document. Use the
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
concepts, examples and other content at your own risk. As this is a new
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
edition, there may be errors and inaccuracies. Hopefully these are few and
far between. The author(s) do not accept any responsibility for incorrect or
misleading information, and would certainly appreciate any corrections. Also,
this type of technology dates itself very quickly. What may be true today, is
not guaranteed to be true tomorrow.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</para>
<para>
All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless
specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document
should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark
or service mark.
</para>
<para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
The referencing of any particular product, brand, service or company should
not be construed as an endorsement or recommendation.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</para>
</sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>New Versions</Title>
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<Para>
The latest version is 1.1. There are quite a few minor corrections, updates,
and additions. Not much that is substantially new. There are finally two
Linux compatible DSL PCI modems from Xpeed. The drivers are now in the kernel
2.2.18 source.
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Version .99 addresses some of the many changes that have occurred since the
original ADSL mini HOWTO was published. Originally, ADSL was the primary DSL
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
technology being deployed, but more and more some of the other DSL flavors
are entering the picture -- IDSL, SDSL, G.Lite, and RADSL. Thus the renaming
from <Quote>ADSL mini HOWTO</Quote> to the <Quote>DSL HOWTO</Quote>. There
have been many other changes in DSL technology as well. PPPoE/A encapsulation
has become more and more common as many ISPs are jumping on this bandwagon.
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
The contents have additionally been re-organized, with new sections added on
security, and troubleshooting, and as well as many additions to the <link
Linkend="links">Links section</link>. Various and sundry other updates and
additions as well that are too numerous to mention.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
Pre-release versions of this document can be found at <Ulink
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
URL="http://feenix.eyep.net/ldp/adsl/">http://feenix.eyep.net/ldp/adsl/</Ulink>.
</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>Feedback</Title>
<Para>
Any and all comments on this document are most welcomed. Please make sure you have
the most current version before submitting corrections! These can be sent to
This has my first round of changes. My comments to Hal are included using the DocBook3 tag <comment>.
2000-08-23 20:44:37 +00:00
<email>hal@foobox.net</email>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
Future versions of this document may include a section devoted to FAQs and
HOWTOs for specific providers. Please send in any links you may have. Also,
I need more Linux Friendly ISPs! See the <Link LinkEnd="isps">Linux Friendly
ISPs</Link> section for what qualifies.
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Sect2 id="usage">
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Title>Conventions, Usage and Terminology</Title>
<Para>
For the sake of simplicity and sanity, let's clarify some of the terminology
that we will be using in this document, so that we are all on the same page.
While many of the definitions below are not always 100% technically correct,
they are close enough for our purposes here. In fast moving technologies like
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DSL, there are so many <Quote>ifs, ands, and buts</Quote> that it is
difficult to say anything with any degree of certainty and have it stick. And
there are exceptions to almost every rule. And sometimes exceptions to the
exceptions. We will be dealing with generalities to a large degree here,
please keep that in mind.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
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<Quote>DSL</Quote> will be used to refer to the entire family of DSL
technologies now available -- ADSL, SDSL, IDSL, RADSL, etc. ADSL still
seems to be the most prevalent at this time, but the others are being
deployed more and more. Where it is important to differentiate one type of
DSL from another, the full proper name will be used: e.g. RADSL. xDSL is
also commonly used to refer to the various DSL technologies as a group, but
we will be using just <Quote>DSL</Quote> here.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
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The term <Quote>telco</Quote> here refers to any potential DSL provider.
This includes the ILECs (Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers), a.k.a. the old
guard phone companies, and the CLECs (Competitive Local Exchange Carriers),
or independent providers such as Covad and Rhythms. Both are providing DSL
services over existing copper lines.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Quote>CO</Quote> is the telco acronym for <Quote>Central Office</Quote>.
Traditionally this is a building where one end of your phone line
physically terminates. The other end terminates at your home, office, or
wherever. It will be used here to refer to the telco end termination point,
regardless of whether it is a traditional Central Office building or
another, smaller, remote structure or device.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Quote>Loop</Quote> is telco speak for <Quote>phone line</Quote>.
Essentially, you should think of your loop as one dedicated pair of copper
wires that run uninterrupted from your residence or office directly to the
CO. This is perhaps an oversimplification, but will serve our purposes. DSL
availability, and signal quality, is tied directly to the characteristics
of your physical line -- or <Quote>loop</Quote> as they say.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
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<quote>POTS</quote> is the acronym for Plain Old Telephone Service. In other
words, traditional, non-digital devices like phones, faxes and answering
machines.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<quote>NID</quote>, or Network Interface Device, is the small telco
housing that is typically attached to the outside wall of your house, and
is the service entrance for telco services. This may variously also be
referred to as <quote>ONI</quote>, <quote>SNI</quote>, <quote>NIU</quote>,
or other creative telco acronyms. It represents the
<quote>demarcation</quote> point that divides the customer's realm of
responsibility from the telco's. Commercial structures, and multi-family
housing will likely have something more sophisticated.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Quote>DSLAM</Quote> is the sophisticated hardware device in the telco's CO
where your phone line physically terminates, and thus makes DSL happen.
Increasingly, telcos are making use of smaller devices like the
<Quote>mini-RAM</Quote> in remote locations. We'll use <Quote>DSLAM</Quote>
here as a catchall for any device that enables DSL service from a telco.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Quote>Modem</Quote> will be used to refer to the end user device that
enables a DSL connection. Your modem is connected to the telco's DSLAM in
the CO via your loop. When they are <Quote>talking</Quote> DSL to each
other, they are in <Quote>sync</Quote>. Without <Quote>sync</Quote>, no
connection to your ISP is possible.
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Quote>Modem</Quote> is indeed the correct terminology since there is
MOdulation and DEModulation of the signal. These modems typically have
other features too. Some ISPs and manufacturers may be marketing simply
<Quote>routers</Quote>, <Quote>bridges</Quote>, or even
<Quote>brouters</Quote> for this purpose. These are essentially DSL modems
with enhancements. A compatible <Quote>modem</Quote> of some kind is the
minimum hardware requirement at the customer's end of the connection. The
most commonly supplied modem is actually a combination bridge and modem.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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Unless stated otherwise, we will also be assuming the <Quote>modem</Quote>
has an ethernet interface, and will connect to a standard Network Card
(NIC). This is far and away the most prevalent configuration, at least
until more Linux drivers are available for PCI and USB modems.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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It is worth noting that <Quote>routers</Quote> as supplied by DSL providers
are typically modem/router combination devices. In our context,
<Quote>router</Quote> will refer to these devices as such. There are also
SOHO routers available that are only dedicated routers and lack the modem
functionality.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Previous versions of this document referred to the modem as an
<Quote>ANT</Quote> (ADSL Network Termination). While this may be
technically correct terminology, it is not used by ISPs, manufacturers,
telcos, or most users to any extent. The <Quote>modem</Quote> will be just
called a modem, regardless of whatever other features it may have (i.e.
router, bridge, etc.).
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
PPPoX will be used to refer to PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) and PPPoA
(PPP over ATM) collectively. These protocols are being used by many DSL
providers now.
This has my first round of changes. My comments to Hal are included using the DocBook3 tag <comment>.
2000-08-23 20:44:37 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The information provided in this document is based on the current state of
DSL in the U.S. I would assume there are enough similarities with
DSL services outside of the US that this document would still have some
This has my first round of changes. My comments to Hal are included using the DocBook3 tag <comment>.
2000-08-23 20:44:37 +00:00
merit for everyone. Correct me if I am wrong by emailing
Many small additions and changes.
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<email>hal@foobox.net</email>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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A <Quote>#</Quote> will be used to denote a command that typically is run
by the root user. Otherwise, a <Quote>$</Quote> will be used as the prompt
for non-root users.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
</Sect1>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~~~~ New Section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
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<Sect1 id="installation">
<Title>Installation</Title>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
Before actually ordering service, there are several things you may want to
explore.
</Para>
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>Pre-Installation</Title>
<Para>
Beyond the obvious consideration of price, there are many reasons to
investigate which providers may be offering DSL services in your area. The
large Telephone companies are everywhere, and may advertise the most. But
increasingly smaller ISPs and independents are getting into the act. This is
creating diversity in the DSL marketplace. A good thing of course, but
possibly creating a little confusion too.
</Para>
<Para>
Not all DSL services are alike. Just because two local companies are offering
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2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Quote>ADSL</Quote>, does not mean that necessarily there is much in common
at all. In fact, there are potentially a number of factors that make one ADSL
provider's service significantly different from another's. Some things to
consider:
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Speed vs Price.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
What hardware is provided, i.e. modem or router. Should be external ethernet in
either case.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The ISP's Network architecture. PPPoX? Static IP? Servers allowed?
</Para>
</ListItem>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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Is it an <Quote>always on</Quote> service, at least theoretically? Are
there supplemental usage fees, or idle timeouts?
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Linux friendly, Linux hostile, or Linux agnostic?
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
Quality of service. How is news, mail, etc.?
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
For a more lengthy discussion on some of these considerations and related
issues, see the <Link LinkEnd="overview">DSL Overview</Link> appendix for
more on <Link LinkEnd="dslmodems">modems</Link>,
<Link LinkEnd="qualify">qualifying for service</Link>, and
<Link LinkEnd="cproviders">choosing a provider</Link>.
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
Once you have chosen a provider, and ordered service, the next step is for
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the telco to <Quote>qualify</Quote> your loop. This essentially means testing
your line to make sure it can handle the DSL signal, and possibly what level
of service may be available to you. This may take some time, especially if
the telco encounters problems with the loop. If no problems are found during
this phase, then possibly there will be a two to three week wait for the
installation. YMMV.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
After the telco has qualified the loop and readied their end of the
connection, the next step is installation of the necessary components at the
customer's end of the connection: wiring modifications, splitter or filters,
and, of course the modem and any necessary software.
</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>Installation Options -- Self Install or Not</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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You may or may not have a choice on how the installation is done, or who
does it. This is totally at the discretion of the provider. Many providers
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2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
offer a <Quote>self install</Quote> option where you do all the work. In this
scenario, the provider will send a kit in order to save them from sending a
tech, and thus reducing cost. Typically, self install kits will include
microfilters for the POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) phone jacks, the
modem (and maybe a NIC), and a CDROM with drivers, etc. on it. In some cases,
a splitter may be included instead of microfilters. In any case, some type
of filtering is necessary on the non-DSL lines. If not the noise generated
by the DSL signal may interfere with POTS devices.
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<comment>From what I understand (this may be completely rumor and
superstition) most of the time when a "splitter" needs to be installed
at, or near the telco's demarc, a "self install" is not an option. A
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certified telco technician may need to come install the splitter.
HB -- It may be rare, but there self install kits with a splitter. In fact, if
memory serves, the original ADSL mini had this type of installation.
</comment>
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</Para>
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<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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The other possibility is for the provider to do the
installation. Obviously, the cost is higher here, but it may have the
advantage of having a trained tech do any wiring. There is also a
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better chance of getting a <quote>splittered</quote> installation
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with this option (a good thing!). Another benefit is that if
something is wrong with the line, or the telco has not provisioned
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the line properly, an on-site tech may be able to help sort out certain
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kinds of problems quickly.
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A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<comment>Most of the technicians here in Qwest land are "pole
jockeys", who don't know anything about DSL, or about computers. They
come out and install the line, but may not know more than "put this CD
in, click on install".</comment>
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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The self-install kit should come with full instructions, regardless of whether
the installation will be splittered or filtered. So we won't go into much
detail on this aspect.
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Sect2>
This has my first round of changes. My comments to Hal are included using the DocBook3 tag <comment>.
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect2>
<Title>Wiring/Installation Options</Title>
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<Para>
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There are various wiring schemes depending on how your service is being
provided, who is providing it, and which DSL service is being provided.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
This has my first round of changes. My comments to Hal are included using the DocBook3 tag <comment>.
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<Para>
<ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
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<Emphasis>Dedicated Line</Emphasis>. Some DSLs require a dedicated, or
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<Quote>dry</Quote>, wire pair, e.g. IDSL. This means a separate, physical
line for DSL and Internet connectivity. Also, DSL services from CLECs
(independent telcos like Covad or Rhythms), will use a dedicated line
since the ILEC will not share one line with another company. (Instead the
CLEC will actually lease a loop from the ILEC.) One your end, this simply
means using one of the unused wire pairs in the telco wire bundle, and
connecting it to the DSL jack.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Emphasis>Shared Line with Splitter</Emphasis>. For DSLs like ADSL, that
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
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are provided over the same line as regular voice service (POTS), the signal
must be filtered somehow so that voice services are not adversely effected.
Installing a splitter splits the line into two pairs, and filters the DSL
signal from one of them. This results in a inside wiring scheme where DSL
goes to only one jack, and then POTS service to all other jacks. This is
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considered by many to be a better type of installation than
<Quote>splitterless</Quote>, i.e. with microfilters instead.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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Splitters are available from various manufacturers and come in various
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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shapes and sizes. Some are small enough to fit in the NID itself (sometimes
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called SNI, this is the telco phone box on the outside of your house),
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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while others have a housing as large as the NID itself. Typically this is
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mounted near the NID, on the customer's side of the demarcation point.
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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<Emphasis>Shared Line with Filters</Emphasis>. Again, for DSLs that
piggyback on the POTS line, the signal must be filtered or split at some
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point. The other way of doing this is by placing RJ11
<Quote>microfilters</Quote> in each phone jack -- <Emphasis>except where
the DSL modem will be</Emphasis>. These filters are relatively small,
plug-in devices and remove the higher frequencies associated with DSL. This
is obviously much easier since no tools or wiring is required. This is
often what is included in self-install kits, and is often referred to as a
<Quote>splitterless</Quote> installation.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
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<Emphasis>Shared Line, Splitterless and Filterless</Emphasis>. Some newer
DSLs, like G.Lite, have no adverse effect on regular POTS devices and thus
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
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require no filters or splitters. This would seem to be the wave of the
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future. Just plug and play. Though still not very common.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</ItemizedList>
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
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Figure 1: DSL Block Diagram, POTS with Splitter (NID not shown)
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</BridgeHead>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
<Literal>
<MSGText>
<LiteralLayout>
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<--------Home/Office-----><---Loop---><--Central Office-->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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POTS X-------+
phone, |
fax, |
etc, |
| CO
| -------
| | |
| | |
| ----- | |
POTS X-------+----Voice--=| S | | D |
| P | | S |=- Voice Switch
| L | 2 wire | L |
| I |=------------=| A |
| T | Local Loop | M |=- ISP --> INET
--------- | T | | |
Linux X--=| Modem |=-Data-=| E | | |
--------- | R | | |
----- | |
-------
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</LiteralLayout>
</MSGText>
</Literal>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
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Figure 2: DSL Splitterless (a.k.a. filtered) Block Diagram
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</BridgeHead>
<Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Literal>
<MSGText>
<LiteralLayout>
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<--------Home/Office-------><----Loop---><--Central Office-->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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POTS X--Voice---[RJ11]------+
phone, (filter) |
fax, D CO
etc, a -------
t | |
a | |
POTS X--Voice---[RJ11]----- & | D |
(filter) V ----- | S |=- Voice Switch
o | N | 2 wire | L |
i-=| I |=-----------=| A |
c | D | Local Loop | M |=- ISP --> INET
e ----- | |
----------- | | |
Linux X--=| Modem |=-------| | |
----------- -------
</LiteralLayout>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</MSGText>
</Literal>
</Para>
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</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect2 id="wiring">
<Title>Self Install - Wiring</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
If you are not doing the self-install option, then you may skip this section
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and move to <Link LinkEnd="configure">Configuring Linux</Link>. If you are
dong a self-install with microfilters, skip to the
<Link LinkEnd="micro">mircofilter section</Link>. The following procedures
are meant to illustrate the wiring process. Please note that your procedures
may be different at your location. Make sure you follow any warnings or
safety instructions provided, that you RTFM, and that you are familiar with
telco wiring procedures.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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<Para>
The first step will be to wire up the connections from your provider. Identify
the line on which service will be installed, and the locations of your
splitter and DSL jack(s). (For perhaps a better wiring scheme, see the
Homerun section immediately below.)
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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Be aware that typical telco wire has more than one pair per bundle. Often,
two pairs, but sometimes more. If you have but one phone line, the other
pair(s) are unused. This makes them available for use with wiring for DSL.
Wire pairs are color coded for easy identification. SDSL and IDSL require a
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dedicated, or <Quote>dry</Quote>, pair. If an unused pair is available, then
no real re-wiring is required. It is just a matter of re-wiring an existing
jack for the correct pair of wires, and attaching the modem.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Sect3 id="homerun">
<Title>The Homerun</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>Try blockquote or quote, coupled with attribution for
better output. See these URLs
http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/attribution.html
http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/blockquote.html
http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/quote.html</comment>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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<Blockquote>
<attribution>A retired BellSouth ADSL installer</attribution>
<Para>
<quote>
<emphasis>
I would not use microfilters if I lived across the street from my CO. A
splitter is the only way to go.
</emphasis>
</quote>
</Para>
</Blockquote>
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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Perhaps a somewhat better method of wiring for the DSL modem is sometimes
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called a <Quote>homerun</Quote>. It is called this because it is one,
straight shot from the splitter to the modem's DSL jack. What this does is
bypass the existing inside wiring altogether, and any problems that might be
lurking there -- like a corroded connection somewhere on a POTS jack. Inside
wiring defects can be a source of headaches, especially in older homes.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<Para> It also allows you to route the cable to avoid any potential
RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) sources. RFI anywhere in the
circuit can be a DSL killer. Routing the cable away from items that
may have electric motors, transformers, power supplies, high
intensity lighting fixtures, dimmer switches and such, is a smart way
to go. And you are also less likely to have a failing microfilter
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cause problems -- one potential point of failure instead of several. You can
also use a better grade of cable such as CAT 5 or shielded twisted pair wire.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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If your existing installation is <quote>splitterless</quote> (i.e. using
microfilters) now, this will entail purchasing a splitter. And, of course,
will also mean some new wiring will need to be run. Microfilters also add
to the effective loop length -- as much as 700 ft per filter in some
cases! So if you have several microfilters installed, and your sync rate or
distance is marginal, eliminating these filters may result in a significant
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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improvement.
<comment>This paragraph could be clearer, I think. I've got a pretty
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good idea what it means, after a few times reading it.
HB -- OK, reworded some.
</comment>
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</Para>
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</Sect3>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
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<Title>Wire the Splitter</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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If you have the splitterless design (i.e. using <Quote>microfilters</Quote>)
or a dedicated line, you may skip this part.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
The splitter will typically consist of two parts, the splitter and a small
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outdoor housing. Mount the splitter and accompanying housing per the telco's
instructions at the Network Interface Device (NID) point (also sometimes
called the SNI or ONI), usually the side of your house where the phone line
is located. Put it on your side of the NID. The phone company may need
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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to access the splitter for maintenance, so its advisable to locate it on the
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outside where they can get at it, but outside is not absolutely
necessary.
<comment>Which term are you going to use? SNI, NID, demarc,
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ONI?
HB -- 10/4. NID!
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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</Para>
<Para>
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The wire bundle should have at least two separate wire pairs. The splitter
takes one pair, and separates the signal onto two pairs. One pair in the
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
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bundle will then go to all POTS jacks, and the other to the modem's DSL wall
jack. So connect the incoming telco line to the LINE side of the splitter.
Then wire the inside pair for your telephone to the VOICE, and your inside
wire pair for the modem to DATA.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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<Emphasis remap="bf">Checkstep </Emphasis> At this point, you should be able
to pull dial tone off the voice side of the splitter. If this doesn't work,
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then you've wired it wrong. You can also plug the modem into the test jack in
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the NID box (most should have this). Plug in the modem's power cord, and
if the line is provisioned correctly, you should <Quote>sync</Quote> in less
than a minute. This test only requires the modem. (Internal and USB modems
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probably will require a driver to be loaded before syncing. This means having
the computer there too.)
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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</Sect2>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>Wire the DSL Jack</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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Wire the DSL wall jack (RJ11) at your computer location, which should already
be connected to the DATA side of the splitter. The specifics differ for each
situation, but basically you will have a wire pair that you will connect to
the DSL jack. Make sure you <Emphasis>read the directions</Emphasis>, as the
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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DSL-RJ11 wiring may be different for phones and DSL jacks.
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<Emphasis>AND</Emphasis> -- different modems may expect the signal on
different pairs -- most on the inside pair, but some on the outside pair.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
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Figure 3: RJ11 Wiring options
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</BridgeHead>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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<Literal>
<MSGText>
<LiteralLayout>
||
||
||
/ \
|RJ11|
| |
----
||||
^^ <-- Inside Most modems on inside pair
^ ^ <-- Outside Some on outside, e.g. Alcatel 1000, SpeedTouch Home
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</LiteralLayout>
</MSGText>
</Literal>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2 id='micro'>
<Title>Installing Microfilters</Title>
<Para>
Pretty much a no-brainer here. If you are doing a <Quote>splitterless</Quote>
installation, then install the provided microfilters in all phone jacks
<Emphasis>except</Emphasis> the one where the DSL modem will be connected.
These filter out the higher DSL frequencies and will keep the DSL
noise from interfering with POTS equipment.
</Para>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Warning!</Emphasis> If you have an alarm system, it is recommended
not to use microfilters. The alarm system's modem can be easily damaged by
the DSL signal on the line. The recommend installation in this case is with a
splitter.
</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
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<Title>Installing the Modem</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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To install, connect the modem's (or router's) power cord, and connect
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the phone line between the DSL wall jack and the modem. This cable should be
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2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
provided. If not, a regular phone cord will suffice. With the ethernet
interfaced modems, you may also connect the ethernet cable between the NIC
and the modem (but not really necessary at this point just to verify the
modem is working).
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<Emphasis remap="bf">Checkstep </Emphasis> At this point, verify that
the modem syncs with the telco's DSLAM signal. Most modems have a
green LED that lights up when the signal is good, and red or orange
if not in sync. The modem's manual will have more details on the
LEDs. If it doesn't sync, then check your wiring, or make sure that
the DSL signal is being sent. Do this by calling your telco and
verifying they have activated the service. Or by testing the modem at
Many small additions and changes.
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the test jack on the NID (see above). Note that having dial tone
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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on the line does NOT confirm the presence of the DSL data signal. And
vice versa -- perfectly possible to have dial tone and no DSL, or DSL
and no dial tone. There should also be no static or noise on the
voice line when everything is installed and functioning properly.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
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<Title>Installing the Network Card (NIC)</Title>
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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If you haven't already done so, install the NIC in your Linux machine,
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configure the kernel, or load modules, etc., etc. This is sometimes the
biggest stumbling block -- getting the NIC recognized and working. See the
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various Linux references for doing this, such as the <Ulink
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url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html">Ethernet HOWTO</Ulink> for
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more information. Also, see the <Link LinkEnd="tuning">Troubleshooting
Section</Link> below. This is certainly something you could conceivably do
ahead of time if you already have the NIC.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<comment>Which troubleshooting section? This is obvious from the
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markup, but not from non-linked formats, like plain text.
FIXME ????????
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
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Be sure the RJ45 cable between the NIC and the modem is now connected. You
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can <quote>hot plug</quote> this cable, meaning there is no need to power
down to do this.
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
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We can do a few quick tests now to see if the NIC is functioning properly.
First we'll attempt to bring up the interface. Then we'll see how well it is
responding by <Command>pinging</Command> it. And lastly use
<Command>ifconfig</Command> to check for errors:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<comment>this section could use a little work, since you don't
explain how you expect their network to be configured. The
commands are nice, but without some explanation of what each
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command does, nearly worthless.
HB-- OK, but looked self explanatory. Fixes are above.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
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<Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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# ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.1 up
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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$ ping -c 50 10.0.0.1
PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) from 10.0.0.1: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.1 ms
&lt;snip&gt;
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics -
50 packets transmitted, 50 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.1/0.1/0.2 ms
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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$ ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:C2:09:AC
inet addr:10.0.0.1 Bcast:10.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:428 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
Interrupt:10 Base address:0xc800
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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If <Quote>eth0</Quote> comes up without errors, and you can
<Command>ping</Command> it without errors, and <Command>ifconfig</Command>
shows no errors, we should have all our hardware in working order now, and
are ready to start configuring Linux. If not, see the <Link
LinkEnd="tuning">Troubleshooting section</Link> below.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">Gotcha:</Emphasis> A few modems may already be wired as
a 10baseT crossover, and require a direct Category 5 cable for a direct
connection to a NIC, rather than a crossover cable. I lost around 12 hours
figuring this one out, so don't make the same mistake - make sure you RTFM
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
first.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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</Sect2>
</Sect1>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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<!-- ~~~~~~~~ New Section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Sect1 id="configure">
<Title>Configuring Linux</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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After you have connected the modem and it's getting sync, and the NIC is
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functioning, then you're ready to configure Linux and verify your connection
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to your ISP. Although I will refer to a Linux System, you could conceivably
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connect any type of 10baseT device to the modem. This includes a router, hub,
switch, PC, or any other system that you wish to use. We'll just cover the
Many small additions and changes.
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Linux aspects here.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Warning>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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<comment>perhaps another place to use the warning tag? HB -- DONE</comment>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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<Emphasis>Before you connect to your ISP</Emphasis>, make sure you understand
all security issues of having a direct connection to the Internet via DSL.
Depending on your ISP, most outside users can access your system, and you
should setup any firewalls, deactivate ports/services, and setup any
passwords prior to connecting your machine to the world. See the <Link
LinkEnd="secure">Security section below</Link>, and the <Link
LinkEnd="links">links section</Link> for more on this <Emphasis>very
important</Emphasis> topic. Do not make this an afterthought! Be ready.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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</Para>
</Warning>
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
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<Sect2 id="bridgevsppp">
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<Title>Bridged vs PPPoX Networks</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Before we get too far into the final stages of installing and
configuring our system, let's look at how various DSL ISPs set up
their networks. It will be very important for you know how your ISP
does this, as there is more than one possibility and the steps
involved are quite different for each. This may not be the kind of
thing the ISP is advertising, and since you are not using Windows,
you may not have access to the setup disk that the ISP provides. If
you're not sure, ask the ISP's tech support staff, or other users.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
<Para>
To muddy the waters even more, some ISPs may be offering more than one kind
of service (over and above the various bit rate plans). Example: Bell
Atlantic originally offered static IPs with a Bridged connection. Now all new
installs use PPPoE with dynamic IPs. For installation and configuration
purposes, this is very different.
</Para>
<Para>
The two most common DSL network implementations are Bridged/DHCP and PPPoX.
Both have mechanisms for obtaining an IP address and other related networking
configuration details so we shouldn't have to worry about this. Our job will
be finding the right client, and doing what we have to, to get it up and
running.
</Para>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Important!</Emphasis> You need to know beforehand how your ISP is
setup for connecting to his network. To re-iterate, the two main
possibilities are Bridged/DHCP and PPPoE. These are mutually exclusive
implementations. So you will need either one or the other, and it must be the
right one or you will waste a lot of time and effort. You cannot choose which
one either. It is a matter of how the ISP is doing his network. Note that
PPPoE can run over Bridged networks, so just knowing whether you are Bridged
or not, is not necessarily good enough. PPPoA is yet another alternative. If
your provider is giving you a router, there is a good chance that the
router's firmware will handle all of this for you.
</Para>
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<Para>
If you are subscribing with one of the Baby Bells in the U.S., you can
probably count on that being PPPoE, and thus you will need a PPPoE client.
</Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect3>
<Title>Bridged/DHCP</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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In the good old days of a year or two ago, <Quote>Bridged</Quote> connections
were the norm. This type of network puts you on a local subnet just like a
big LAN. You are exposed to much of the local subnet traffic, especially ARP
and broadcast traffic. The typical means of authenticating in this set up, is
via DHCP.
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</Para
<Para>
DHCP is a standard, established networking protocol for obtaining an IP
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address and other important network parameters (e.g. nameservers). This is a
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standard, well documented networking scheme and is very easy to set up
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from the end user's perspective. It is also a very stable connection. You
can actually unplug the modem for say 10 minutes, plug it back in, let it
re-sync, and the connection is still there -- same IP and everything.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
</Sect3>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect3>
<Title>PPPoX</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
The main alternative now is PPPoX, meaning either PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet)
or PPPoA (PPP over ATM). Both of these related protocols are currently being
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deployed, but at the moment, PPPoE seems to be the more common of the two.
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PPPoX is a relative newcomer, and, as the name implies, is a variation of
Point-to-Point Protocol that has been adapted specifically for DSL providers.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
There are several PPPoE clients for Linux (<Link LinkEnd="pppoe">see
below</Link>). At this moment, PPPoA support is in beta, but should be
available very soon. PPPoX simulates a dialup type environment. The user is
authenticated by user id and password which is passed to a RADIUS server,
just like good ol' dialup PPP. A routable IP address, and other related
information, is returned to the client. Of course, no actual dialing takes
place. The mechanics of how this is handled, will vary from client to client,
so best to RTFM closely. Typically you will set up configuration files like
<Filename>pap-secrets</FileName>, etc.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
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From the ISPs perspective, PPP is much easier to maintain and troubleshoot.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
From the end user's perspective, it is more work to set up, uses more CPU,
and the connection is maybe not as stable. So anyway, this seems to be the
coming trend. Many of the large telcos, especially the RBOCs (Baby Bells),
have committed to PPPoX already. Setting up a PPPoX connection is completely
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2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
different from setting up a bridged/DHCP connection.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
</Sect3>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect3>
<Title>ATM</Title>
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<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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Since the traffic on the wire from the DSLAM to the modem is ATM, a
raw ATM connection would seem to make sense. While possible, this is
rare, if it exists at all in the U.S, and would require a modem in
addition to a PCI ATM card, such as the Efficient Networks
3010. There is an ATM project for Linux, that is being incorporated
into the 2.4 kernel. (See the <Link LinkEnd="links">Links
section</Link> for more information.)
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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This may be a viable solution at some point, but it is just not
<Quote>there</Quote> yet.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
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<Title>Configuring the WAN Interface</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
The most common configuration is a DSL modem in <Quote>bridging</Quote> mode.
Both PPPoX and DHCP can use this setup. In this scenario, the WAN interface
typically means your NIC. This is where your system meets the outside world.
(If you have a router see <Link LinkEnd="router">below</Link> for router
specific instructions.) So essentially we will be configuring the NIC,
typically <Quote>eth0</Quote> since it is an ethernet interface.
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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With PPPoX, once the connection comes up, there will be a
<Quote>ppp0</Quote>, or similar, interface, just like dialup. This will
become the WAN interface once the connection to the PPP server is up, but for
configuration purposes we will we be concerned with <Quote>eth0</Quote>
initially.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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<Para>
There are various ways an ISP may set up your IP connection:
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
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Static IP.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
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Dynamic IP on Bridged Network via DHCP.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
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Dynamic IP via PPPoX.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
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Static IP via PPPoX.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</ItemizedList>
</Para>
<Para>
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Let's look at these individually.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect3>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
<Title>Static IP Configuration</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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A <Quote>static</Quote> IP address is an IP that is guaranteed not to change.
This is the preferred way to go for those wanting to host a domain or run
some type of public server, but is not available from all ISPs. Note that
while there are some noteworthy benefits to having a static IP, the
disadvantage is that is more difficult to remain <quote>invisible</quote>. It
is harder to hide from those with malicious intentions. Skip this section if
you do not have a static IP, or if you have a router, and the router will be
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
assigned the static IP.
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>Again, a note about static IP's being less secure should be
Many small additions and changes.
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mentioned.
HB- OK
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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Configure the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server
information as provided by the ISP. Each Linux Distribution (Redhat, Debian,
Slackware, SuSE, etc.) has a different way of doing this, so check on your
distro's docs on this. Each may have their own tools for this. Redhat has
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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<Command>netcfg</Command> for example. You can also do this manually using
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the <Command>ifconfig </Command> and <Command>route</Command> commands. See
the man pages on these or the <Ulink
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Net-HOWTO">Net HOWTO</Ulink> for more
information and specifics. A quick command line example with bogus IPs:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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<Screen>
# ifconfig eth0 111.222.333.444 up netmask 255.255.255.0
# route add default gw 111.222.333.1 dev eth0
</Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
Be sure to add the correct nameservers in <Filename>/etc/resolv.conf</FileName>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect3>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
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<Title>Bridged/DHCP Configuration</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
ISPs that have Bridged networks typically use DHCP to assign an IP addresses,
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and authenticate the user. All distributions come with one or more DHCP
clients. <Command>dhcpcd</Command> seems to be the most common.
<Command>pump</Command> comes with Redhat based distributions as of Redhat
Many small additions and changes.
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6.0. The DHCP client will obtain an IP <Quote>lease</Quote> from the ISP's
server as well as other related information: gateway address, DNS servers,
and network mask. The lease will be <Quote>renewed</Quote> at regular
intervals according to the ISP's configuration.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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You will want the DHCP client started on boot, so use your distribution's
means of doing this. There generally is little to configure with DHCP as it
is fairly straightforward and easy to use. You may need to tell it which
Many small additions and changes.
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interface to listen on if the NIC is something other than
<Quote>eth0</Quote>. You can also start it from the command line to get
started. See the respective man pages for more.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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Unless you have a static IP, the ISP will need some way to know who you are
when you connect. There are two ways this authentication process is
accomplished with DHCP. The first and most common method is via the MAC (or
hardware) address of the network device. Typically this would be the NIC. The
MAC address is a unique identifier and can be found among the boot messages,
or with <Command>ifconfig</Command>, and looks something like
<Literal>00:50:04:C2:19:BC</Literal>. You will need to give the ISP the MAC
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
address before your first connection.
</Para>
<Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
The other DHCP authentication method is via an assigned hostname. In this
case, the ISP will have provided you with this information. Your DHCP client
will need to pass this information to the server in order for you to connect.
Many small additions and changes.
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Both <Command>dhcpcd</Command> and <Command>pump</Command> accept the
<Quote>-h</Quote> command line option for this purpose. See the client's man
page, or your distribution's documentation, for specifics.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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<comment>Warning/note perhaps?
Done, HB.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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<note><title>Note</title>
<Para>
If your ISP uses MAC address authentication, and you change your network
device (e.g. NIC), you will need to register the new address with the ISP or
you won't be able to connect.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
</Para>
</note>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
<Sect3 id="pppoe">
<Title>PPPoE Configuration</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) is an alternate way for ISPs to control your
connection, and is becoming increasingly popular with ISPs. Setting this up
is quite different, and may be a little more work than with static IPs or
DHCP above. Some distros are now shipping PPPoE clients. If this is not the
case for you, then you will have to download one. Check any Linux archive
site like <Ulink URL="http://freshmeat.net">http://freshmeat.net</Ulink>,
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
etc. or look below.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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Some of the current GPL PPPoE clients available:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
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<ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
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The Roaring Penguin (rp-pppoe): <Ulink
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
URL="http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/">http://www.roaringpenguin.com/pppoe/</Ulink>,
Many small additions and changes.
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by David F. Skoll. Reportedly very easy to set up, and get started with.
This is a popular Linux PPPoE clients due to it's reputation for ease of
installation, and is now being bundled with some distributions.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
PPPoEd: <Ulink URL="http://www.davin.ottawa.on.ca/pppoe/">
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
http://www.davin.ottawa.on.ca/pppoe/</Ulink> by Jamal Hadi Salim is
another popular Linux client and is also bundled with some
distros. This is a kernel based implementation for 2.2 kernels. A setup
script is now included so no patching is required, making installation
quick and easy. Also, less CPU intensive than user space alternatives like
rp-pppoe.
<Comment>
HB
jamal hadi@cyberus.ca pppoed author
very helpful on this part
</Comment>
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
PPPoE Redirector: <Ulink
URL="http://www.ecf.toronto.edu/~stras/pppoe.html">
http://www.ecf.toronto.edu/~stras/pppoe.html</Ulink>. This is a redirector
which allows the use of PPPoE with pppd-2.3.7 or later. No recompiling of
other system components are required. It is meant as an interim solution
until the 2.4.x series, which will include kernel support of PPPoE/A. (Does
not seem to be under active development at this time.)
</Para>
</ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
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<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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A kernel based solution can be found at <Ulink
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URL="http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mostrows/">http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mostrows/</Ulink>
Many small additions and changes.
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solution by Michal Ostrowski. This requires a 2.4 kernel. As of this
writing, it is still <Quote>experimental</Quote>. Once the 2.4 kernel goes
mainstream, this will be a more viable option.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
EnterNet is a non-GPL'd PPPoE client from NTS, <Ulink
URL="http://www.nts.com">http://www.nts.com</Ulink>, that is being
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
distributed by some ISPs as the Linux client. It does come with
source code but the it is not available for free download. (NTS
was just recently purchased by Efficient Networks.)
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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Depending on which client you have chosen, just follow the
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<Filename>INSTALL</FileName> instructions and other documentation included
with that package (<Filename>README</FileName>, <Filename>FAQ</FileName>, etc.).
</Para>
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OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<Para>
Once a PPPoE client connects, your connection should look something like the
Many small additions and changes.
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below example from Roaring Penguin, where <Quote>eth0</Quote> is connected to
the modem:
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</Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<Screen>
$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.254 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth1
208.61.124.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0
192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
default 208.61.124.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ppp0
$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:A0:CC:33:74:EB
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:297581 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:266104 errors:1 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:2
collisions:79 txqueuelen:100
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1300
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:A0:CC:33:8E:84
inet addr:192.168.0.254 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:608075 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:578065 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:105408 txqueuelen:100
Interrupt:9 Base address:0x1200
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:3924 Metric:1
RX packets:1855 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1855 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
inet addr:208.61.124.28 P-t-P:208.61.124.1 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1
RX packets:297579 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:266102 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:10
</Screen>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Note><title>Note</title>
<Para>
For PPPoX, the correct setting for the ppp0 interface MTU is 1492. If the
MTU is set too high, it may cause failure of some web pages to load
properly, and possibly other annoying problems. You may need to also set the
MTU for interfaces on any masqueraded LAN connections MTU to 1452.
</Para>
</Note>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<!--
8. Configure LAN Hosts
If you have a LAN behind the firewall, you have to lower the TCP
maximum segment size from the normal 1460 to 1452 (or better, 1412.)
You have two options: Either set the MTU of all the interfaces on
other hosts on the LAN to 1452, or use the "-m 1412" option to pppoe.
The "-m" option for pppoe is far simpler and makes it easier to add
hosts to the LAN, but consumes some extra CPU time.
If you want to manually configure the LAN hosts, here's how:
In Linux, use: "ifconfig eth0 mtu 1452". For best results, put this
in an /etc/rc.d/rc.local script.
For Windows, machines, see http://lan.cns.ksu.edu/OS/WIN95/slip95.htm.
Set the MaxMTU to 1452.
==
E) pppoe dies with the log message "Message too long"
You set the MTU of the Ethernet interface connected to the ADSL modem
to less than 1500. Don't do that.
-->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
Actually, for PPPoE the real setting should be at least 8 bytes less than any
interface between you and the ultimate destination. All routers normally
would be set to 1500, thus 1492 is correct from your end. But, it may happen
that somewhere a router is misconfigured at a lower setting, and this can
cause problems, especially with web pages loading. The way to test this is to
keep dropping the MTU until things work.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Sect3>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect3 id="pppoa">
<Title>PPPoA</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
PPPoA (PPP over ATM) is a cleaner solution than PPPoE since most of the work
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
is done in hardware, and since the raw DSL traffic is ATM. There is no client
necessary to manage the connection as with PPPoE. Authentication is still the
same: user id and password to connect, but the mechanics are different since
no ethernet encapsulation takes place.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
As of this moment, there is not really a viable, working implementation of
PPPoA for Linux. There is an ATM patch for 2.2 kernels, support for ATM in
the 2.4.x kernel, and a project based on the Efficient Networks 3010
[possibly out of production], as well as other ATM cards. The ATM on Linux
homepage is here: <Ulink URL="http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/">
http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/</Ulink>. And even more info is at <Ulink
URL="http://www.sfgoth.com/~mitch/linux/atm/pppoatm/">
http://www.sfgoth.com/~mitch/linux/atm/pppoatm/</Ulink> from the kernel
developer of this project. Existing PPPoA implementations are hardware/driver
based, and Linux PPPoA modem drivers are scarce as hen's teeth at this time.
The above modem does not seem to be available through normal retail channels.
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This may be a problem, if this is the only protocol an ISP delivers. At
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
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the very least, some rather serious hoop jumping is in order.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
If PPPoA is your ISP's only option, you should probably consider one of the
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
router/modems that can handle PPPoA, and let the hardware handle everything.
</Para>
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Many small additions and changes.
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<comment>clearly a good place to use the "note" tag
Done HB.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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<note><title>Note</title>
<Para>
There is apparently a PPPoA beta program underway
based on the Efficient Networks SpeedStream 3060/3061 (PCI, ADSL/DMT).
Efficient is working with kernel developers, and reportedly this program is
in late beta at this time. The initial release will be binary only drivers,
but open source may follow. This is a big improvement!
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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</Para>
</note>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect3 id="router">
<Title>Modem/Router Configuration</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Some ISPs are providing <Quote>routers</Quote> as the connection device.
Essentially these are mini routers with built in modems. These are all
ethernet based devices too, so Linux should be good to go here as well.
Again, a compatible, working NIC should be all that is required to make this
work.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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A <Quote>router</Quote> has many advantages. The better ones can handle the
connection management, IP encapsulation, and authentication, as well as
providing a means of segregating your LAN from outside traffic, and possibly
other features too. In short they can do it all. One big advantage is that
they can handle whatever protocols your ISP requires in order to connect.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
If the ISP is requiring PPPoX, then this makes life a little easier since you
will not have to install or configure any additional software just to use
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
their network. The modem's firmware will handle this. The downside is that
most of these do not have the flexibility of a Linux router, or other
software solution. Of course, you could set up a Linux router behind the
router, and have the best of both worlds. The ones with more and better
features are also going to cost significantly more.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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While the physical installation of a router is very similar to the modem
installation (see above), the router configuration itself is different
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since your first <Quote>hop</Quote> will be the router's interface and not
the ISP's gateway. Routers will actually have two interfaces -- one that you
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connect to from the LAN side, and one that connects to your ISP on the WAN
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
side. Your point of exposure here is the WAN interface of the router.
Many small additions and changes.
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More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
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</Para>
<Para>
The router will also have a pre-configured, private IP address that you will
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connect to from the LAN side. This will be your gateway. The public IP
address will be assigned to the WAN side interface. Typically these devices
also act as DHCP servers for the LAN side as well. So possibly all you have
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
to do is to start a DHCP client such as <Command>dhcpcd</Command> or
<Command>pump</Command> (Redhat based distros) to get up and running. Just
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make sure the modem/router is syncing first. The appropriate steps and
configuration should be in the owner's manual, or available from your
provider.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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<comment>which provider?
HB -- The modem usually is ISP issue. But I believe in some cases it is from
telco. Left intentionally ambiguous.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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If you are a PPPoX customer, and the router is handling this part of the
connection, then you will have to configure at least your user id and
password before connecting. If a Bridged/DHCP customer, you should just have
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
to activate DHCP on the router, and possibly register the MAC (hardware
Many small additions and changes.
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address) of the router with your provider. Some routers have <Quote>MAC
cloning</Quote> which means that they will report the MAC address of the
attached NIC. If static IP, then you will have to configure this as well.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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<Para>
If you need to access the router directly, you will need to know the
manufacturer's default setting for its IP address. See the owner's manual, or
ask your provider. You will then have to set your NIC's interface to the same
network as the router. For instance, if the router has an IP of 10.0.0.1, set
your interface's address to 10.0.0.2 (typically eth0), and netmask to
255.0.0.0.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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# ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.2 up netmask 255.0.0.0
# route add -net 10.0.0.0
$ ping 10.0.0.1
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Screen>
<Para>
If everything is in working order, the router should respond to pings. How to
configure this permanently will vary from distro to distro. So check your
distribution's documentation. Now you should be able to ping the
modem/router, and, if all is well, beyond. Then use telnet or a web browser
to do any further configuration of the router.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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Even if the ISP is not offering any router options, there are quite a few
available from third party manufacturers such as Netgear, Linksys, Cisco,
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
Zyxel, Cayman, Alcatel and others. These will have all the features already
mentioned and maybe more. Just make sure it matches your provider's DSL. This
is one good way around the PPPoX bugaboo.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Caution>
<Para>
Some manufacturers may be marketing these as having <Quote>firewall</Quote>
capabilities. In some cases, this amounts to nothing more than basic NAT
(Network Address Translation or masquerading). Not a full, true firewall by
any means. Be sure to read the fine print before buying and make sure you
know how much real firewalling is included.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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</Para>
</Caution>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Sect2>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2 id="connect">
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
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<Title>Connect</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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Everything should be in place now. You probably have already tested your
Many small additions and changes.
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connection. You should be seeing ping roundtrip times of 10-75 ms to the ISP's
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gateway. If something has gone wrong, and you cannot connect, either
retrace the above steps, or see the <Link LinkEnd="trouble">Troubleshooting
Section</Link> below.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>I think the range of ping times given above is too small,
Many small additions and changes.
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as I get about a 75ms ping to my ISPs gateway.
HB -- OK, but not so good there Greg ;)
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Sect2>
</Sect1>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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<!-- ~~~~~~~~ New Section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Sect1 id="secure">
<Title>Securing Your Connection</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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This section is intended for those who have not previously dealt with the
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security implications of having a full-time Internet connection. Or may not
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understand some of the basic concepts of security. This is meant to be just a
quick overview, not a comprehensive examination of all the issues! Just
enough to give you a quick push in the right direction. Please see the <Link
LinkEnd="links">Links section</Link> for sites with more details. Also, your
distribution surely has plenty of good information as well.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
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<Title>Security Quick-start</Title>
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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Before going on-line full-time, do not underestimate the need for securing
your connection. You will have two things that mischief makers and crackers
of the world are looking for: bandwidth, and a Unix-like OS. You instantly
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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become an inviting target. It is just a matter of time before someone
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comes knocking. Possibly a very short time. A quick start:
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
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<ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Turn off any daemons and services that aren't absolutely essential, and
can be accessed from outside. You can't get compromised through a port
that isn't open. Use <Command>ps</Command> and <Command>netstat</Command>
to see what services are running. (See man pages for specifics). Do you
really need <Command>named</Command>, <Command>sendmail</Command>,
<Command>telnet</Command>, <Command>ftp</Command> running and accessible
to one and all? If not sure, then they should not be running. Then take
whatever steps necessary to make sure they don't start again on the next
boot. See your distribution's documentation on this.
</Para>
<Para>
Many distributions start some well known services by default. You may not
have done anything yourself explicitly to start these. And may not even
realize these are indeed running. But it is up to you to know what is
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running, and how safe it is. Don't rely on a <Quote>default</Quote>
installation of any distribution to do this for you, or to be secure.
Chances are it isn't.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
If you decide some services are essential, make sure you are running the
most current version. Exploits are found, and then get fixed quickly.
Don't get caught with your pants down. A full-time connection makes
staying updated very easy -- and very important. Check with your
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distribution to see what new packages are available. Then stay in
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touch. If they have a security mailing list, get on it.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Set up a firewall to limit access, and log connection attempts. This will
be different depending on which kernel series you are using:
<Command>ipfwadm</Command> for 2.0, <Command>ipchains</Command> for 2.2,
and <Command>iptables</Command> for 2.4. See these HOWTOs for details:
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink
URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Firewall-HOWTO.html">Firewall
HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Ulink
URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Security-HOWTO.html">Security
HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Ulink
URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IPCHAINS-HOWTO.html">IPCHAINS
HOWTO</Ulink>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IP-Masquerade-HOWTO.html">IP
Masquerade HOWTO</Ulink>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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Additional references are in the <Link LinkEnd="links">Links Section</Link>
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below.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<comment>This needs some more links and/or explanation of how to
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go about these things.
Done, HB.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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Take passwords seriously, using non-dictionary <Quote>words</Quote>. Use
shadow passwords (this should be a standard feature of newer
distributions). Do not allow remote root logins. See the
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Security-HOWTO.html">Security
HOWTO</Ulink> for more details and ideas.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<comment>I would say that ssh and OpenSSH are applications
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rather than commands, but that's just me.
HB -- The application tag does nothing in HTML. So leaving ..
</comment>
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<Para>
Use <Command>ssh</Command>, or <Command>OpenSSH</Command>, instead of
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
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<Command>telnet</Command>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</ItemizedList>
</Para>
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</Sect2>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect2>
<Title>Which Ports?</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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There are plenty of references around on how to setup firewalls with
<Command>ipfwadm</Command> or <Command>ipchains</Command>, but a little
harder to find just which ports <Emphasis>really need</Emphasis> to be open.
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If you are not sure of the answer to this question, then the answer is
<Quote>as few as possible</Quote>! Basic rule #1, your computer cannot be
broken into through a port that is not open. A port can't be open if nothing
is listening on that port. In other words, if no service or daemon is running
that uses that port, the port is closed and inaccessible.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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There are 65,536 ports available for use on Linux and these fall into
several categories. The ones we are most concerned about are the
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<Quote>privileged</Quote> ports, which are those below port 1024. This is
where most public services run, like SMTP on port 25, HTTP on port 80, named
on port 53, etc. These services are where most vulnerabilities are on Linux.
These are the ports that servers accept outside connections on. If you are
running the <Command>telnetd</Command> daemon, it will <Quote>listen</Quote>
for connections on port 23. (Actually if spawned by <Command>inetd</Command>,
it may be <Command>inetd</Command> that is doing the listening.)
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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</Para>
<Para>
But, if you want to use a telnet <Emphasis>client</Emphasis> to
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connect to someone else's telnet server, you do not need to be running the
<Command>telnetd</Command> daemon on your own system. You just need to start
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the client program named <Command>telnet</Command> (different animal). Same
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is true for ftp and other services. These daemons only need to be run for
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excepting connections to your system from an outside source.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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<Para>
Unless you have a good reason for doing so, and know what you are doing, then
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you should not be running such publicly accessible services. In fact,
you could probably survive quite nicely with all TCP and UDP ports below 1024
closed down, or at least not visible to outside connections (i.e. blocked via
a firewall). A couple of exceptions:
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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It is relatively safe, and in some cases alright, to run
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<Command>identd</Command> (port 113). Many mail and irc servers aren't happy
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without <Command>identd</Command> there. This is the one possible exception
to the <Quote>nothing below 1024</Quote> rule of thumb. Newer versions are
reasonably secure.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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Mail is a little more complicated. The only reason to have a publicly
accessible SMTP (port 25) server is if you are hosting your own mail server
and receiving direct incoming mail connections. If you are retrieving mail
via POP3 from your ISP, this port does not need to be open to the world. Such
mail does not come in via port 25. It comes in through a higher, randomly
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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assigned port.
</Para>
<Para>
But -- it may still be convenient to have a mail daemon like sendmail, qmail,
or postfix running to handle local mail delivery. In fact, this is a common
default set up. You can get around this by firewalling off SMTP (port 25)
from the outside world, or using another method to sort and deliver local
mail. One way is to use procmail in conjunction with fetchmail:
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<Literal>fetchmail -m /usr/bin/procmail -d hal</Literal> will do this
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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without having to run sendmail or other mail daemons in daemon mode. These
programs are still capable of sending mail in non-daemon mode.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
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It is probably safe to run a web server if you want to. Most vulnerabilities
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
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there are through CGI. Just keep the web server package updated.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
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OK, enough exceptions. Shut down, or firewall off, <Emphasis>everything
else</Emphasis> below port 1024.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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Those ports above 1023 are known as <Quote>non-privileged</Quote> ports.
These are mostly used for return connections that you have initiated to
someone else's server. For instance, if you telnet to someone else, you
connect to their port 23. The return data comes back to you on a randomly
assigned port above 1023. These are mostly safe, and should as a rule be left
alone. The only exceptions are where there are indeed services running on
these ports. X Windows runs on ports 6000-6009 for instance. If you are
running a font server, it may be on port 7100. Any servers running on these
non-privileged ports, should be firewalled too.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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</Sect2>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect2>
<Title>inetd</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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Let's take a quick look at <Command>inetd</Command>, since it starts many
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services. <Command>Inetd</Command> is a <Quote>super</Quote> daemon. It is
called this because it controls the starting of other daemons. Telnet, ftp,
rsh, identd and pop3 are some of the server daemons commonly controlled by
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<Command>inetd</Command>. You may not see <Command>telnetd</Command> running
when you use <Command>ps</Command> or <Command>netstat</Command> unless
<Command>inetd</Command> is configured to start <Command>telnetd</Command>,
<Emphasis>and</Emphasis> someone is actually connected to
<Command>telnetd</Command> at the time. So it may not be so obvious which of
these servers can be accessed from outside. These sub-services are controlled
by the configuration file <Filename>/etc/inetd.conf</FileName>. Open this
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with your favorite text editor, and put a <Quote>#</Quote> character in front
of any service you don't want running. A brief excerpt:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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<Literal>
<MSGText>
<LiteralLayout>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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#ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.wuftpd -l -a -L -i -o
#telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd
#
# Shell, login, exec, comsat and talk are BSD protocols.
#
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#shell stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rshd
#login stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rlogind
#exec stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rexecd
#comsat dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.comsat
#talk dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.talkd
#ntalk dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.ntalkd
&lt;snip&gt;
auth stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/sbin/in.identd in.identd -l -e -o
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</LiteralLayout>
</MSGText>
</Literal>
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>It might be nice to show what an enabled service looks
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like here.
HB -- Done.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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This will prevent them from running. <Command>identd</Command> may be started
from this file, and would be safe to leave uncommented. Then re-initialize:
<Command>inetd</Command>:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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<Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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# kill -HUP `pidof inetd`
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Screen
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Note those are <Quote>backquotes</Quote>. For more on fine tuning inetd
access via <Quote>tcpwrappers</Quote>, see the hosts_access and tcpd man
pages.
</Para>
<Para>
<Command>xinetd</Command> is a similar daemon, and you may have this
instead of <Command>inetd</Command>. It does pretty much the same thing, so
the same principles apply. The configuration is a little different however.
Each service is either configured in a central configuration file (typically
<Filename>/etc/xinetd.conf</FileName>), or in a subdirectory (typically
<Filename>/xinetd.d/*</FileName>.)
</Para>
<Para>
<Literal>
<MSGText>
<LiteralLayout>
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{
disable = yes
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure += USERID
}
</LiteralLayout>
</MSGText>
</Literal>
</Para>
<Para>
To turn off a service, set <Quote>disable</Quote> to <Quote>yes</Quote>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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</Sect2>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Sect1>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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<!-- ~~~~~~~~ New Section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Sect1 id="tuning">
<Title>Performance Tuning and Troubleshooting</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>Tuning</Title>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>Since there are no performance tweaks, why even mention
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it?
Just so people know ... the question comes up.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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There really are no tweaks, or performance tuning tricks that are likely to
increase your performance to any significant degree -- all other things being
equal. Windows 9x users often get a big boost by increasing their TCP Receive
Window. But this is because it is too small to start with. This is not the
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
case with Linux.
</Para>
<Para>
The only exception is if you have to routinely deal with a high latency
connection. Such as maybe your provider has a satellite uplink that is
consistently adding unusual latency (250ms or greater?). Then maybe a larger
window will help. For the overwhelming majority of us, this is not necessary.
For more on TCP Receive Window and related issues, look at <Ulink
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URL="http://www.psc.edu/networking/perf_tune.html">http://www.psc.edu/networking/perf_tune.html</Ulink>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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<Para>
If your connection is not performing up to what you think it should be, then
possibly there is a problem somewhere. This is more worth looking into than
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any magical <Quote>tweak</Quote>.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
A very rough guideline on what you might reasonably expect as a maximum sync
rate, based on distance from DSLAM/CO:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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<LiteralLayout>
Many small additions and changes.
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&nbsp;&nbsp;0-12 K Ft - 2000 Kbps or more
12-16 K Ft - 1500 Kbps -&gt; 1000 Kbps
16-18 K Ft - 1200 Kbps -&gt; 512 Kbps
18-?? K Ft - &nbsp;&nbsp;512 Kbps -&gt; &nbsp;128 Kbps or less :(
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</LiteralLayout>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
You will loose 10-20% of the modem's attainable sync rate to networking
overhead (TCP/IP, ATM, ethernet). So a 1500 Kbps connection, is only going to
realize about 1100-1300 Kbps or so of real world throughput. No tweaking is
going to change this protocol overhead. And remember that if your service is
capped at a lesser speed by your provider, then you can't get above that
speed no matter what. <Emphasis>AND</Emphasis> -- that there are numerous
variables that can effect your loop/signal quality, and subsequently your
speed. Many of these are out of your control.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2 id="trouble">
<Title>Installation Problems</Title>
<Para>
Read this section, if you have no sync at all or are completely unable to
connect. See your modem's owner's manual for interpreting the modem's LEDs.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
(Many will show a solid red (or orange) light if not in sync.)
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OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect3 id="nosync">
<Title>No sync</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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The modem sync LED has never been green.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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<ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>This reads like a list. Perhaps try using sub-lists,
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or complete sentences. (sorry, I abhor sentence fragments)
HB -- some rewording, etc.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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If doing a self-install, the DSL jack may be wired wrong, or the splitter
may be wired wrong. Also, the modem may be wired differently than standard
telco POTS devices. See above.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Is the modem Linux compatible? If ethernet interfaced, this should not be
a problem. But PCI or USB modems may require drivers just to achieve sync.
Many small additions and changes.
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This could be a show stopper since nearly all PCI and USB modems are not
Linux compatible.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Call your provider and make sure the line was provisioned. It is always
possible someone dropped the ball. They may even be able to run a remote
Many small additions and changes.
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test on your line just to verify. There is a also remote possibility that
the DSLAM is down. They should know this as well.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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Disconnect the modem power cord and disconnect the DSL cord from the wall
jack. Plug it into the test jack inside the NID (outside phone box), and
run an extension cord if necessary for power. Temporarily disconnect the
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
wiring to the inside phone circuit. This should effectively bypass any
inside wiring and environmental issues. The ethernet cable to the NIC does
Many small additions and changes.
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not need to be connected to run this test (true only for ethernet modems).
The modem will sync fine without it. (Easier said than done, I know.) But
if possible, move enough of your system where you can view the modem's
diagnostics (if available) and get the sync rate. If this works, there is
probably something wired incorrectly inside, or a short in a connection
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
somewhere, or there is severe electrical interference on the DSL line.
Many small additions and changes.
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Double check the splitter and wall jack connections. If a splitterless
installation, look for bad wiring, bad (e.g. corroded) connections on
<Emphasis>all</Emphasis> jacks, bad splices, or defective microfilters!
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</Para>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
If no sync on the above test, either the line was not readied, the
modem is defective, or the DSLAM is down. Note that PCI and USB
modems will need to load drivers before syncing, and thus make
this test a little more complicated.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
If you installed microfilters, remove these temporarily and unplug
<Emphasis>all</Emphasis> telco devices, such as fax machines, etc. Possibly
a mircofilter is defective and shorting out the line.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect3>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Title>Network Card (NIC) Problems</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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Symptoms here are: NIC is not recognized, modules won't load, or
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<Command>ifconfig</Command> shows the interface is not up, or is generating
lots of errors, etc.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Turn off Plug 'n Pray in BIOS. This may be labeled as <Quote>non-Microsoft
OS</Quote> or similar. A sometimes symptom here is that the NIC is
assigned IRQ 0. Or there may be an error message like <Quote>resource
temporarily unavailable</Quote>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Check for IRQ conflicts with <Command>cat /proc/interrupts</Command>. If
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the NIC is sharing an IRQ, try moving cards around in slots, or tinker
with BIOS IRQ settings. If an ISA card, you may need to get the setup
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
utility from the manufacturer and use it to set IRQ, etc. This may
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require booting to DOS.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
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Possibly the wrong module is being loaded. Look through the kernel source
documentation in <Filename>/usr/src/linux/Documentation/*</FileName> for
your card or chipset. Also, for comments and update information in
<Filename>/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/*.c</FileName> for your respective
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
chipset. It is worth noting that there is more than one module for some
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card types. This seems to be true of tulip and 3Com cards. Check boot
Many small additions and changes.
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messages or use <Command>lspci -v</Command> to see how the kernel is
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identifying your card. You can use <Command>insmod</Command>,
<Command>rmmod</Command>, and <Command>modprobe</Command> to test
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
different modules. See the respective man pages for more information.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Check the manufacturer's web site for Linux documentation. Or look at
Donald Becker's informative site at <Ulink
URL="http://www.scyld.com/network/">http://www.scyld.com/network/</Ulink>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
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Some Linux NIC drivers reportedly work better as non-modular. In other
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
words, compile them into the kernel instead of as a module.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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It is also possible that the card is bad, or the drivers just aren't up to
snuff. Try another card. And you don't need an expensive, high quality
card necessarily either.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
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</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect3>
<Title>IP Connection Problems</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Read this section if you are sure the modem is syncing, the NIC is recognized
and seems to be working properly, client software is installed and running
without error, but the connection to the ISP fails. Verify the modem is indeed
syncing by the LED(s). An IP connection failure may be evidenced by
<Command>ifconfig</Command> not showing an active eth0 interface (or ppp0 for
PPPoX), or <Command>pinging</Command> gateway and other destinations
generates '<Literal>network unreachable</Literal>' or similar errors.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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<ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
Make sure you know which protocol your ISP is using. Are they using DHCP?
PPPoX? It is critical that you have this right. You may have to ask tech
support.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
If you are using DHCP, does the ISP require MAC address authentication,
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and if so, do they have the right address? Did they or you typo it? If
the ISP requires hostname authentication, is your DHCP client passing
the required hostname? This is done with the <Quote>- h</Quote> command
line option.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Look at <Filename>/var/log/messages</FileName> and see if any useful clues
are there. Also, run <Command>tcpdump</Command> while trying to initiate
the connection. <Command>tcpdump</Command> output is fairly cryptic, but
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you should be able to determine if there is any response at all.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
If PPPoX, is the ISP using <Literal>username</Literal> as an id, or
<Literal>username@isp.com</Literal>?
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
Try pinging the default gateway's address. Get this with '<Command>route
-n</Command>'. If you can <Command>ping</Command> by IP address (i.e.
111.222.333.444), but not by hostname, then likely nameservers are not
correctly setup in <Filename>/etc/resolv.conf</FileName>.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
If running a firewall (e.g. with ipchains), try temporarily taking it
down. Possibly this is misconfigured, and not allowing packets through.
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
If the modem was purchased from a source other than your ISP, it may the
wrong kind of modem. SDSL needs an SDSL modem, for instance. Also, for
ADSL there are CAP and DMT encodings, and these are incompatible with
each other.
</Para>
<Para>
The modem may need to be configured for your ISP's service. All modems
have configurations for VCI, VPI, encapsulation, etc. Call tech support
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for this information. Modem configuration is usually done by either
telnetting or web browsing to the modem's IP address.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
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</ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect2 id="synctr">
<Title>Sync Problems</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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Read this section if you have had a working connection, but now have lost
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
sync, are intermittently losing sync, your sync rate has dropped
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significantly, or are getting a <Quote>sync/no surf</Quote> condition.
(Better quality modems will have a way to report sync rate, usually via
telnet or a web browser interface. See the owner's manual.)
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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A loss of sync indicates a problem with the DSLAM, your line (inside or
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outside) or your modem. DSLAMs typically have <Quote>shelves</Quote> with
<Quote>cards</Quote>. Alcatel DSLAM cards, just for instance, have a capacity
of four connections each. If the card goes bad, at most four customers are
effected. The point being that sync loss outages can be very isolated. Unlike
network outages that tend to effect large numbers of users. Sync outages are
a telco problem, not an ISP problem. If your service agreement is with the
ISP, you will need to contact them, who will in turn contact the telco.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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Degraded sync rates, and disruption of the DSL signal, can cause various
problems. Obviously, you will never get your maximum throughput under these
conditions. But, the symptoms are not always obvious as to whether the
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
problem is on your end or the provider's.
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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<Para>
For instance, a poor inside wire connection may result in retransmissions of
packets that have been dropped. This can really reduce throughput and slow a
connection down. It is tempting to think of packet loss as a traditional
networking problem, but with DSL it is possible to be the result of a bad
line, impaired signal, or even the modem itself.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<Para>
Some things to try:
<ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Power cycle the modem. Turn off the power button/switch, and physically
unplug the cable to the wall jack for 30 seconds or so. Turn back on, and
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re-attach to the wall jack. This will force a resync. Unfortunately, the only
way to power down a PCI modem, is to reboot. This may fix a
<Quote>sync/no surf</Quote> condition that is caused by the modem, and
maybe other conditions too.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
See the <Link LinkEnd="nosync">above section</Link> on moving the modem
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lock, stock and barrel to the NID and thus bypassing all inside wiring.
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If the situation is improved there, then the problem is inside somewhere. If
not, it is a telco problem.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<ListItem>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
RFI Bear-hunt: The DSL signal is fragile, there are a number of
things that can degrade it. RFI, or Radio Frequency Interference,
from sources in and around the home/office is one common source of
reduced signal strength, and/or intermittent sync loss and/or low
sync rates. Our test tool here is simply a portable AM radio. Tune
it to any channel where you can get clear reception -- it makes no
difference where. The AM radio will pick up RFI that is in the same
Many small additions and changes.
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frequency range as the DSL signal. It will sound like
<Quote>frying bacon</Quote> type static. Put it against your computer's
power supply. You should hear some static. Move it away and the static
should fade pretty quickly. This will give you an idea of what RFI sounds
like. A decent quality power supply should produce only weak RFI --
probably not enough to cause a problem. Use the radio like a Geiger counter
and move it around your modem and DSL line. If you hear static, follow it
to the source. Things to be suspicious of: power supplies, transformers,
ballasts, electric motors, dimmer switches, high intensity lighting. Moving
the modem, or rerouting cables is sometimes enough. Keeping the line
between the modem and the wall jack as short as possible is a good idea
too.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Chronic sync problems are often due to a line problem somewhere.
Sometimes it is something as simple as a bad splice, and easily remedied
if it can be found. Most such conditions can be isolated by a good telco
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
tech. Check with your provider, and politely harass them if you have to. If you
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get the run-around, ask to go over their heads.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
If you are near the distance limits of DSL, and having off and on sync
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problems, try the <Quote>Homerun</Quote> installation. See <Link
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LinkEnd="homerun">above</Link>. This can be effective in improving
marginal signal/sync conditions.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
If using a surge protector, try it without the surge protector. Some may
interfere with the DSL signal.
</Para>
</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
Another possibility is a nearby AM radio station, or bandit ham radio
operator that are disrupting the DSL signal since they operate in a similar
frequency range. These may only cause problems at certain times of day, like
when the station boosts its signal at night. A good telco DSL tech may be
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
able to help minimize the impact of this. YMMV.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Sect2>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<Sect2>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<Title>Network and Throughput Problems</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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Read this section if your connection is up, but are having throughput
problems. In other words, your speed isn't what it should be based on your
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
bit rate plan, and your distance from the CO. <Quote>Network</Quote> here is
the WAN -- the ISP's gateway and local subnet/backbone, etc. Remember that a
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marginal line can cause a reduced sync rate, and this will impact throughput.
See <Link LinkEnd="synctr">above</Link>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
The two factors we will be looking for are <Quote>latency</Quote> and
<Quote>packet loss</Quote>. Both are pretty easy to track down with the
standard networking tools <Command>ping</Command> and
<Command>traceroute</Command>. If either of these occur in our path, they
will impact performance. Latency means <Quote>responsiveness</Quote> or
<Quote>lag time</Quote>. Actually what we are interested in is abnormally
high latency, since there is always some latency. Packet loss is when a
packet of data gets dropped somewhere along the way. TCP/IP will know
it's been <Quote>lost</Quote>, and there will be a retransmission of the lost
data. Enough of this can really slow things down. Ideally packet loss should
be 0%.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
What we really need to be concerned about is that part of the WAN
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route that we routinely traverse. If you do a traceroute to several different
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sites, you will probably see that the first few <Quote>hops</Quote> tend to
be the same. These are your ISP's local backbone, and your ISP's upstream
provider's gateway. Any problem with any of this, and it will effect
everywhere you go and everything you do.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<Para>
We can start looking for packet loss and latency by pinging two or three
different sites, hopefully in at least a couple of different directions. We
will be looking for packet loss and/or unusually high latency.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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<Screen>
$ ping -c 12 -n www.linuxdoc.org
PING www.linuxdoc.org (152.19.254.81) : 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=0 ttl=242 time=62.1 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=242 time=60.8 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=242 time=59.9 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=3 ttl=242 time=61.8 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=4 ttl=242 time=64.1 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=5 ttl=242 time=62.8 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=6 ttl=242 time=62.6 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=7 ttl=242 time=60.3 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=8 ttl=242 time=61.1 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=9 ttl=242 time=60.9 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=10 ttl=242 time=62.4 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=11 ttl=242 time=63.0 ms
--- www.linuxdoc.org ping statistics ---
12 packets transmitted, 12 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 59.9/61.8/64.1 ms
</Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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The above example is pretty normal from here. (You probably have a very
different route to this site, and your results may thus be quite different.)
Apparently no serious underlying problems that would slow me down. The below
example reveals a problem:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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<Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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$ ping -c 20 -n www.debian.org
PING www.debian.org (198.186.203.20) : 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=0 ttl=241 time=404.9 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=1 ttl=241 time=394.9 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=2 ttl=241 time=402.1 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=4 ttl=241 time=2870.3 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=7 ttl=241 time=126.9 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=12 ttl=241 time=88.3 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=13 ttl=241 time=87.9 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=14 ttl=241 time=87.7 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=15 ttl=241 time=85.0 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=16 ttl=241 time=84.5 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=17 ttl=241 time=90.7 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=18 ttl=241 time=87.3 ms
64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=19 ttl=241 time=87.6 ms
--- www.debian.org ping statistics ---
20 packets transmitted, 13 packets received, 35% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 84.5/376.7/2870.3 ms
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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High packet loss at 35%, and some really slow roundtrip times in there as
well. A little digging on this showed that it was a backbone router 13 hops
into the traceroute that was the problem. While making this site really slow
from here, it would only effect those routes that happen to hit that same
router. Now what would really hurt us is if something similar happens with a
router that we tend to go through consistently. Like our gateway, or maybe
the second hop router too. Find these with <Command>traceroute</Command>, by
just picking a random site:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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<Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
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$ traceroute www.bellsouth.net
traceroute to bellsouth.net (192.223.22.134), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
1 adsl-78-196-1.sdf.bellsouth.net (216.78.196.1) 14.86ms 7.96ms 12.59ms
2 205.152.133.65 (205.152.133.65) 7.90ms 8.12ms 7.73ms
3 205.152.133.248 (205.152.133.248) 8.99ms 8.52ms 8.17ms
4 Hssi4-1-0.GW1.IND1.ALTER.NET (157.130.100.153) 11.36ms 11.48ms 11.72ms
5 125.ATM3-0.XR2.CHI4.ALTER.NET (146.188.208.106) 14.46ms 14.23ms 14.40ms
6 194.at-1-0-0.TR2.CHI2.ALTER.NET (152.63.65.66) 16.48ms 15.69ms 16.37ms
7 126.at-5-1-0.TR2.ATL5.ALTER.NET (152.63.0.213) 65.66ms 66.18ms 66.39ms
8 296.ATM6-0.XR2.ATL1.ALTER.NET (152.63.81.37) 66.86ms 66.42ms 66.40ms
9 194.ATM8-0.GW1.ATL3.ALTER.NET (146.188.233.53) 67.87ms 68.69ms 69.63ms
10 IMVI-gw.customer.ALTER.NET (157.130.69.202) 69.88ms 69.25ms 69.35ms
11 www.bellsouth.net (192.223.22.134) 68.74ms 69.06ms 68.05ms
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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</Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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The first hop is the gateway. In fact, for me the first two hops are
<Emphasis>always</Emphasis> the same, and the first three or four are often
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
the same. So a problem with any of these may cause a problem anywhere I go.
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(The specifics of your own situation may be a little different than this
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
example.) A <Quote>normal</Quote> gateway ping (normal for me!):
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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<Screen>
$ ping -c 12 -n 216.78.196.1
PING 216.78.196.1 (216.78.196.1) : 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.6 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=15.4 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=15.0 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=15.2 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=14.9 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=15.3 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=15.4 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=15.0 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=14.7 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=14.9 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=16.2 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=14.8 ms
--- 216.78.196.1 ping statistics ---
12 packets transmitted, 12 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 14.6/15.1/16.2 ms
</Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
*** empty log message ***
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And a problem with the same gateway on a different day:
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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<Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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$ ping -c 12 -n 216.78.196.1
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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PING 216.78.196.1 (216.78.196.1) : 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=20.5 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=22.0 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=21.8 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=32.0 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=21.7 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=42.0 ms
64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=26.8 ms
--- adsl-78-196-1.sdf.bellsouth.net ping statistics ---
12 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 41% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20.5/25.6/42.0 ms
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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</Screen>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
41% packet loss is very high, to the point where many services, like HTTP,
*** empty log message ***
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come to a screeching halt. Those services that were working, were working
very, very slowly.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
*** empty log message ***
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<Para>
It's a little tempting on this last real-life example to think this gateway
router is acting up. But, as it turned out, this was the result of a problem
in the DSLAM/ATM segment of the telco's network. So any first hop problem
with packet loss or high latency, may actually be the result of something
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
occurring before the first hop. We just don't have the tools to isolate
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where it is starting well enough. Packet loss can be a telco problem, just as
much as an ISP/NSP problem.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
It is also quite possible for the modem itself to cause packet loss. The fix
here is to power cycle the modem, and resync by unplugging the DSL connection
for 30 seconds or so. In fact, any part of the connection can be a source of
packet loss -- modem, DSLAM, ATM network, etc.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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<Para>
If you do find a problem within your ISP's network, it's time to report the
problem to tech support.
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect3>
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<Title>Miscellaneous Network Problems</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
*** empty log message ***
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Some odds and ends:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>This might be better as a different kind of list.
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Perhaps a variablelist or possibly even a segmentedlist.
HB -- Maybe, but for time being 'works for me'....
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<Emphasis>Some Web pages won't load.</Emphasis> For PPPoX users, the
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
MTU value could be too high. The correct ppp0 device setting should be
1492, but actually it needs to be 8 bytes less than any router you pass
through on the way to the site. If a router somewhere is misconfigured,
you could have problems. Try experimenting with lower MTU values. Any LAN
hosts behind the connection, may even need to be lower -- 1452 or maybe
even 1412.
*** empty log message ***
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<Emphasis>Ping by IP address</Emphasis> works, but not hostname. The
*** empty log message ***
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nameservers are not being setup correctly in
<Filename>/etc/resolv.conf</FileName>. Check your client's (DHCP, PPPoX)
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
documentation or enter these manually with a text editor. Get the
correct DNS server addresses from your ISP.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
*** empty log message ***
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<Emphasis>PPPoX disconnects</Emphasis>. Unfortunately, there is a tendency
Many small additions and changes.
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for PPPoX to drop connections. PPP can be sensitive to any line
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condition which results in a temporary interruption of the connection.
This may not be completely solvable, depending on what and where the
problem is. You might try a different client, or check your current
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
client's documentation on this issue. If worse comes to worse, set up a cron
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job to watch the connection, and re-establish if necessary.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
*** empty log message ***
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<Emphasis>Interface or route goes down for no reason</Emphasis>. If
<Command>ifconfig</Command> and/or <Command>route</Command> show the
interface and/or route has automagically disappeared, it may be due to
a buggy NIC driver. This may also happen with DHCP if the server does not
respond for long periods of time. (Possibly a bug in the client? I have
seen this with early versions of <Command>pump</Command> from Redhat. HB.)
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Sub-par performance, or errors with the interface (e.g. eth0), may
possibly be caused by a duplex mismatch. This would be most apparent when
maxing out the connection. Most DSL modems and routers typically are set
to half duplex, and your NIC should be set likewise.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
*** empty log message ***
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Sect3>
*** empty log message ***
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</Sect2>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
*** empty log message ***
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<Sect2 id="throughput">
<Title>Measuring Throughput</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
*** empty log message ***
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No such thing as too fast, right? One of the first things most of us do is
check our speeds to make sure we aren't getting short changed, and that our
system is up to snuff. Doing this accurately is easier said than done
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
however. First, remember you are losing 10-20% right off the top due to
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
networking protocol overhead. Just how much is <Quote>lost</Quote> here
depends on your provider's network architecture, where and how you are
measuring this and other considerations. Most of us may wind up being closer
to 20% than 10%.
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Then, any time you hit the Internet, there is some slight degradation of
performance with each hop you take. Now this may not amount to much, as long
as you are not taking too many hops and all the components -- your system,
your ISP's network, your ISP's upstream provider, and the destination itself
-- are all working like well oiled machines. But there's the rub -- how do
you really know with so many variables in the mix? One flaky interface, on
one router, on one hop along the path, may cause misleading results.
*** empty log message ***
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
*** empty log message ***
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<Para>
Your absolute max speed is going to be at your point of connection to your
ISP -- the ISP's gateway. It can only go downhill from there, not up! So the
ideal test is as close to home as possible. This eliminates as many unknown
variables as possible. If your ISP has a local ftp server, this is an
excellent place to run your own tests. (Run a traceroute though just to see
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
how local it really is.)
</Para>
<Para>
If your ISP does not have this, look for an ftp site that is close -- the
fewer the hops, the better. And look for one that isn't too busy, or you will
get misleading results. Find a large file -- like 10 Megs -- and time the
download. Try this over several days, and at different times of day. The
server, and the backbone, are going to be busier at certain times of day,
which can skew results and you want to eliminate these variables as much as
possible. Your provider cannot compensate for heavy backbone traffic,
backbone bottlenecks, slow or busy servers, etc.
*** empty log message ***
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
*** empty log message ***
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There are many test sites scattered around the web. Some are better than
others, but take these with a grain of salt. There are just too many
variables for these tests to reliably give you an accurate snapshot of your
connection and throughput. They may give you a general picture of whether you
are in the ballpark of where you think you should be or not. One good speed
test is <Ulink
URL="http://www.dslreports.com/stest/0">http://www.dslreports.com/stest/0</Ulink>.
Another test is <Ulink
URL="http://speedtest.mybc.com/">http://speedtest.mybc.com/</Ulink> (both are
java). I find these to be better than some of the others out there.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
Now keeping in mind that we are limited by the ~10-20% networking overhead rule,
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
here is an example. My speed is capped at 1472 Kbps sync rate. Minus the ~15%
is 1275 Kbps. My sync rate is known to be good and my distance to the CO is
about 11,000 Ft, which is close enough that I should be able to hit my real
world maximum throughput of 1275 Kbps or roughly 1.2-1.3 Mbps -- all other
things being equal. From dslreports.com speed test:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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<Screen>
Test running..Downloaded 60900bytes in 5918ms
Downloaded 696000bytes in 4914ms
First guess is 1133kbps
fairly fast line - now test 2mb
Downloaded 1679100bytes in 11090ms
Upload got ok 1 bytes uploaded
Uploaded 1bytes in 211ms
Upload got ok 1 bytes uploaded
Uploaded 1bytes in 205ms
Upload got ok 1 bytes uploaded
Uploaded 1bytes in 207ms
Upload got ok 50000 bytes uploaded
Uploaded 50000bytes in 2065ms
Upload got ok 100000 bytes uploaded
Uploaded 100000bytes in 3911ms
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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** Speed 1211(down)/215(up) kbps **
(At least 24 times faster than a 56k modem)
Finish.
</Screen>
<Para>
1.211 Mbps is probably about as good as I can realistically expect based on
my service. There is no reason for me to go troubleshooting or looking for
tweaks.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
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<Para>
<Emphasis>Big Caution</Emphasis>: my ISP uses a caching proxy server for
web pages. This is a big equalizer for these kinds of web based
tests. Without that, I surely would have been significantly slower on this
test. The effect of the proxy is that you are actually testing throughput
from the proxy -- NOT the test site. Just FYI. Another note: at the same time
I tried another test site and was consistently getting 600-700 Kbps. So YMMV
with these tests. (Usually I get the same on each, more or less.) Timing a
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
large ftp download from two different sites, I calculated about 1.25 Mbps.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Sect2>
*** empty log message ***
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</Sect1>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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<!-- ~~~~~~~~ New Section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<Sect1 id="overview">
<Title>Appendix: DSL Overview</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
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DSL is a telephone loop technology that uses existing copper phones lines,
and provides a dedicated, high speed Internet connection. One of the big
advantages of some DSLs (notably ADSL), are that they can co-exist on the
Many small additions and changes.
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same line with a traditional voice service or <Quote>POTS</Quote> (Plain Old
Telephone Service). This is accomplished by utilizing different frequency
ranges above the voice range (voice is up to 4KHz). Essentially, this gives
two lines in one: one for POTS, and one for Internet connectivity. When all
is working normally, there should be no interference between the two
<Quote>lines</Quote>. This gives DSL a potentially broad consumer base, and
helps minimize costs for
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providers.
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</Para>
<Para>
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DSL is positioned for the Home and Small Office (SOHO) market that is
looking for high speed Internet access at reasonable prices. Since it also
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typically provides dedicated, <Quote>always on</Quote> access, it can be used
for interconnecting low to mid range bandwidth servers, and provides a great
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access solution for small LANs. It is also great for those Linux power users
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that just want a fast pipe :-).
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</Para>
<Para>
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Phone companies, and other independent telecommunications providers (CLECs),
are now deploying DSL as fast as they can to stay ahead of the Cable
companies -- the main consumer and SOHO competition for DSL providers. This
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mad rush to get <Quote>a piece of the pie</Quote>, is bringing much
competition (a good thing!), much diversity, and some confusion, into the
consumer market. The DSL provider (often, but not always, the phone company)
will provide the DSL infrastructure. This would include your line, the DSLAM,
and physical connection to the outside world. From there it is typically
picked up by an ISP, who provides the traditional Internet services.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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Consumer DSL plans are typically <Quote>best effort</Quote> services. While
boasting speeds approaching T1, and even surpassing that in some cases, it is
not necessarily as reliable as T1 however. Business class DSL offers more
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reliability at a higher cost than consumer plans, and is a good compromise
where both reliability and bandwidth are at a premium. All in all, the cost
of DSL compared to traditional telco services, such as T1, is attractive and
substantially more affordable for home and small business users.
</Para>
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<Para>
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DSL providers often do not have service contracts for home users,
while business class DSL services typically do include similar SLAs (Service
Level Agreements) to that offered for a T1 line.
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</Para>
<Para>
The downside is that DSL is not available everywhere. Availability, and
available bit rate (speed), are purely a function of where you live, where
the telco has installed the prerequisite hardware, how far you are from the
DSLAM/CO, and the quality of your phone line (loop). Not all loops are
created equal, unfortunately. The primary limitation is distance.
</Para>
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2 id="family">
<Title>The DSL Family</Title>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>ADSL</BridgeHead>
<comment>I tend to think that these would flow better as complete
sentences, rather than sentence fragments. The rendering does not lend
itself to the partial sentences leading into these paragraphs. Check out
both <markup>segmententedlist</markup> and <markup>variablelist</markup> as
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alternatives to the current markup.
HB -- Went through this, and attempted a cleanup.
</comment>
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<Para>
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Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop currently supports downstream rates up
to 8 Mbps, and upstream of 1024 Kbps, hence the <Quote>asymmetric</Quote>.
The most widely deployed form of DSL at this time, and was specifically
developed for the home and SOHO markets. The higher downstream rates lends
itself to those not running serious servers -- at least anything more than
a small, personal web site. ADSL is capable of sharing data with a POTS
voice line, so an additional line is not required. A big selling point.
ADSL, like other DSLs, is limited by distance. 18,000 ft (5.5 km) is a
typical cut-off point for telcos. ADSL does typically require either a
splitter or filters to isolate the DSL signal from POTS. Sometimes referred
to as <Quote>full rate</Quote> ADSL in order to differentiate it from
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G.Lite DSL. There are two common line encodings for ADSL: DMT and CAP. DMT
(a.k.a. Alcatel compatible) has won the standards battle and is now the
more common of the two. Also, note that modems must be compatible with the
encoding. In other words, a CAP modem will not work with a DMT service, and
vice versa.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>G.Lite</BridgeHead>
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<Para>
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G.Lite is sometimes referred to as <Quote>DSL Lite</Quote>,
<Quote>Universal DSL</Quote> or <Quote>splitterless ADSL</Quote>, is a
slower version of ADSL that requires no splitters <Emphasis>or </Emphasis>
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filters. The isolation of voice and data signals is handled at the CO.
Currently G.Lite supports speeds up to 1.5 Mbps/512 Kbps, and is expected
to eventually become the dominant consumer DSL service. As of this writing,
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it is not as wide spread as <Quote>full rate</Quote> ADSL however.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>SDSL</BridgeHead>
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<Para>
Single-pair Digital Subscriber Loop, or also sometimes referred to
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as <Quote>Symmetric Digital Subscriber Loop</Quote> since it is indeed
symmetric with a current maximum rate of 1.5 Mbps/1.5 Mbps. SDSL requires a
dedicated line, and thus true SDSL is not as readily adaptable to the
consumer market as ADSL. SDSL also uses a 2B1Q encoding (same as ISDN and
some T1) which is considered more robust than the DMT or CAP encoding of
ADSL. True SDSL is generally considered more of a server quality DSL. It is
worth noting that some providers may be marketing a <Quote>SDSL</Quote>
service that is really ADSL pinched so that upstream/downstream are the
same. Wasn't all this confusing enough already?
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>IDSL</BridgeHead>
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<Para>
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ISDN Digital Subscriber Loop, 144 Kbps/144 Kbps is really a new and
improved ISDN from Lucent Technologies and uses the same 2B1Q line encoding
as ISDN, SDSL and others. IDSL does require a dedicated line however. The
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benefits are that it is an <Quote>always on</Quote> technology, like other
DSLs, and provides an additional 16 Kbps over traditional ISDN. It is being
marketed by some DSL providers as a low end bit rate option, where line
quality is not sufficient for higher speeds such as that of ADSL.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>RADSL</BridgeHead>
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<Para>
Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Loop was developed by Westell and has a
potential of 2.2 Mbps downstream and 1.0 Mbps upstream. What makes RADSL
more flexible is that the sync rate can be dynamically adjusted up or down
as line conditions change. This makes it more of a viable alternative where
line conditions are marginal. In many respects, RADSL is an enhanced ADSL
to meet a more diverse set of line conditions. Like ADSL, RADSL can
piggyback on the POTS line.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>HDSL</BridgeHead>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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High bit-rate DSL was one of earliest versions of DSL. HDSL
requires multiple, dedicated wire pairs, and is symmetric at 1.5
Mbps/1.5 Mbps (the speed actually depends on number of wire pairs
used). Not a viable alternative for the consumer or SOHO markets.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>VDSL</BridgeHead>
<Para>
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Very high rate Digital Subscriber Loop is a DSL still in development
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with a current downstream capacity of 52.8 Mbps, and upstream of
2.3 Mbps. At this time, VDSL is limited to very short loop lengths,
and is not yet a viable alternative. It may find application where
there is fiber to the neighborhood, and thus the copper loop
segment is relatively short.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>UDSL</BridgeHead>
<Para>
Unidirectional Digital Subscriber Loop is a proposal from Europe that is
not yet in use.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>G.SHDSL</BridgeHead>
<Para>
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The standards fro G.SHDSL are not finalized yet. Supposedly to include many
enhancements.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
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<Title>The DSLAM</Title>
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<Para>
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This technology is made possible by the placement of DSLAMs, or Digital
Subscriber Loop Access Multiplexers, from such suppliers as <Ulink
url="http://www.alcatel.com">Alcatel</Ulink> and
<Ulink
URL="http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/si/6000/prodlit/c6160_ds.htm">Cisco</Ulink>,
in the telco's Central Office. DSLAMs come in various shapes and sizes, and
are the one, single complex and costly component of a DSL connection. When
a qualified phone line is connected to a modem at the user's end of the loop,
a high speed digital connection is established, typically over ATM, or
sometimes frame relay. The DSLAM splits the signal back into separate voice
and data channels. The voice channel stays within the telco network, whereas
the data is picked up by an ISP.
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</Para>
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<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
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Figure 4: A Typical DSL Connection Path
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</Bridgehead>
<Para>
<Literal>
<MSGText>
<LiteralLayout>
Voice -+ +---> Voice
|<-- copper loop --> DSLAM/CO <--{ATM cloud}--->|
modem -+ | +---> Inet
| | |
ether..|..... DSL/ATM here ....|.... raw ATM here .....|.. TCP/IP ..
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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| |
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SOHO...|............ telco (ILEC or CLEC) .............|.. ISP ..| NSP
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</LiteralLayout>
</MSGText>
</Literal>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>Our tools seem to suck on this "ASCII art". I'm not sure
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if trying a graphic would be worth-while.
HB - I am not much on graphics. It would take me weeks to do this 'right'.
Besides I love ASCII art ;)
</comment>
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect3>
<Title>Sync</Title>
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<Para>
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A good, working connection to the DSLAM is referred to as
<Quote>syncing</Quote>. Without sync, nothing happens. The modem will
establish a sync rate which is often throttled by the provider at a
predefined limit. This limit, or <Quote>cap</Quote>, is at the provider's
discretion and is part of the service that is being provided. Your modem may
well sync at a higher rate than the <Quote>cap</Quote>, but your speed will
be limited to whatever <Quote>cap</Quote> the provider is enforcing. So while
ADSL has an upward theoretical limit of 8 Mbps, you will not see that speed
-- unless of course your provider is selling an 8 Mbps plan. Most plans are
well below this.
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This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
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Below is the status information from a SpeedStream 5660 modem/router via the
built-in telnet interface. In this example, the customer is on a 1.5 Mbps/384
Kbps service:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Screen>
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Command-> show dslstatus
--- Channel Info ATU-R ATU-C
Current TX Rate - 384000 1500000
Previous TX Rate - 0 0
CRC Block Length - - -
Interleave Delay - - -
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--- Physical Layer Info ATU-R ATU-C
Current Attainable Rate - 448433 3890243
Current SNR Margin - 10.5 17.0
Current Attenuation - 54.5 31.5
Current Output Power - 3.0 16.0
Current Status:
Defects detected - No No
Loss of Framing - No Loss No Loss
Loss of Signal - No Loss No Loss
Loss of Power - No Loss No Loss
Loss of Signal Quality - No Loss No Loss
--- ATU-R Line Status
Line Coding - DMT
Line Type - Fast or Interleaved
Command->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Screen>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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First notice the <Quote>Current Attainable Rate</Quote> in the
<Quote>ATU-C</Quote> column. This is the downstream sync rate negotiated by
the modem and DSLAM, which is over 3.5 Mbps. The actual speed is limited,
however, to 1.5 Mbps/384 Kbps from the first row <Quote>TX Rate</Quote>. This
is the theoretical limit of this connection. This limit, or
<Quote>cap</Quote>, can be enforced at the DSLAM, as is the case the here, or
further upstream. Had the first row <Quote>TX Rate</Quote> been lower than
the provider's imposed limit, then this would indicate some kind of problem
with the connection, perhaps due to distance or some kind of line impairment.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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<Para>
The attainable sync rate is the result of a number of factors, including wire
distance to the DSLAM, quality of both inside and outside wiring, the loop
wire gauge and various other factors within the loop. Actual measurable,
real world throughput, on the other hand, is first of all dependent on sync
rate. Low sync rate means low throughput. In the above example, had the sync
rate been lower, say 500 Kbps, then that would be the maximum for that
connection, even though the customer is paying for a 1.5 Mbps service.
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2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
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Secondarily, throughput will depend also on the ISP's network, and then the
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ISP's upstream provider. You will lose approximately 10-20% of potential
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throughput to networking overhead. In the above example where the connection
is throttled at 1.5 Mbps, the actual, real-world maximum throughput would be
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somewhere around 1.2-1.3 Mbps when overhead is taken into account. Moreover,
once you hit the Internet proper, all bets are off as there are any number of
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
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factors that may impact throughput. A overloaded or busy server is likely to
be slow no matter how fast your DSL connection is.
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</Para>
</Sect3>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Sect2>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect2 id="dslmodems">
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<Title>DSL Modems</Title>
<Para>
The modem is the last piece of the connection. The modem is connected
directly to the DSLAM via the copper loop on the telco end, and plugs into a
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wall jack on your end. When all is well, the modem <Quote>syncs</Quote> with
the DSLAM, and then makes an IP connection to the ISP, and off we go!
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</Para>
<Para>
For Linux users, <Emphasis>the modem is a very important
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consideration</Emphasis>! There are many modems supplied by ISPs that are not
Linux compatible. Your best bet is an external, ethernet interfaced modem (or
modem/router combo) that connects via a standard NIC, since most other modem
options (PCI, USB, onboard) will not work due to a lack of drivers at this
time! All ethernet based modems will work fine. (See the <Link
LinkEnd="modems">Modems Section</Link> for an up-to-date list of compatible
modems.)
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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</Para>
<Para>
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With ethernet modems, the only potential compatibility issue is the Network
Card (NIC). (And really any compatible ethernet NIC should do just fine --
100 Mbps is not even necessary.) You are probably better off anyway, since PCI and
USB modems tend to be more problem prone. If your chosen provider does not
offer a compatible modem as an option, then you either need to look
elsewhere, or you will have to buy one outright from a third party.
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</Para>
<Para>
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As always, there are exceptions. <Ulink URL="http://www.xpeed.com">Xpeed</Ulink>
now has drivers for two PCI modems included with the kernel drivers (as of
2.2.18). These are the first open source Linux DSL modem drivers, and is
welcomed news. Diamond makes an internal PCI modem
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which has binary-only drivers, but it is not in widespread
use. <Ulink url="http://www.efficient.com">Efficient Networks</Ulink>
is beta testing Linux drivers for their SpeedStream 3060 and 3061 PCI
modems, and is expected to release them <quote>any day</quote>. This
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will require a 2.4.x kernel, and a patch for the necessary ATM support. The
initial version will have binary drivers only, but open sourced drivers are a
future possibility. It is also possible to make a direct ATM connection using
a modem plus an ATM card, though this delivery system is not used in the U.S.
as far as I know, and should not be considered as a viable option. This would
also require a 2.4 kernel.
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</Para>
<Para>
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The most common type of modem in use today is actually a combination
<Quote>bridge</Quote> and modem device. The bridge is a simple device,
typically with little configuration. Network traffic passes blindly across
the bridge in either direction. Your point of exposure is the interface
(typically a NIC) that is connected to the modem/bridge.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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</Para>
<Para>
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Some ISPs are also be offering <Quote>routers</Quote>. These are basically
combination modem/routers that can handle NAT, and may have other feature
enhancements such as port forwarding, a built in hub, etc. These are all
external, so should work too. But probably not a big deal for Linux users,
since Linux can do anything these do, and more. A locked down Linux box makes
a most excellent firewall/gateway/proxy!
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
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</Para>
<Para>
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To confuse things even more, there are also all-in-one devices: combo
bridge+router+modem, sometimes called <Quote>brouters</Quote>. In this case,
the modem can be configured for either bridged or routed modes -- but it
can't be both at the same time.
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</Para>
<Para>
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All providers should make available a modem of some sort. Many ISPs will have
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more than one modem option. Some may give away the modem at no additional
charge. Some may offer a free base model, and charge the difference for the
better models with more features. Many of the modems that ISPs supply are not
available through normal retail channels. Should you want to buy one
yourself, this leaves used equipment outlets (e.g. ebay), or possibly buying
a modem that your ISP may not support (i.e. a possibility of no tech support
if you have a problem).
</Para>
<Para>
While some ISPs provide modems that are not readily available through normal
retail channels, there are a number of manufacturers that are getting on the
DSL modem bandwagon, and offering a good selection. Most have a
number of enhancements. At this time Netgear, Linksys, Zyxel, Cisco, 3Com,
and Cayman have products available. Depending on model and feature set,
prices range from a little over $100 US to $800 and up. Many of these
handle their own authentication and encapsulation (DHCP, PPPoE, etc).
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</Para>
<Para>
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Are some modems better than others? Short answer: no. Modems are not really a
factor in speed. But some do have enhanced features, such as diagnostics or
the combo modem/routers. Ethernet modems are generally considered the most
reliable. Fewer IRQ hassles, no buggy drivers, etc. So the fact that Linux
users are mostly relegated to ethernet modems is a blessing in disguise
really. Are any of these better than others? Hard to say since most of this
is so new there is not enough of a track record to compare brands and models
with any degree of assurance. In other words, any old external, ethernet
modem should do -- provided it matches your provider's DSL, and is configured
for that service.
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<comment>I don't see the question "Are some modems better than
others?" being answered here. The second sentence isn't very readable
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to me, possibly just because of punctuation.
HB--attempt at cleanup.
</comment>
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</Para>
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<comment>How about using the "warning" tag here instead?
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http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/warning.html
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HB -- Made it so. Thanks.
</comment>
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<Warning>
<Para>
Make sure any third party modem or router you may purchase is compatible with
your DSL provider. There are two major line encodings for ADSL (CAP and DMT
a.k.a. Alcatel compatible), and several options for IP encapsulation. And
different DSLs (SDSL, IDSL, etc) will require their own modems too. Your
provider should have a list of compatible options. It may well have to be
configured for your ISP's service too. Don't expect it to work right out of
the box either (unless it does come from your provider). Many are accessible via
telnet, or a web browser, where the configuration options are available. See
the owner's manual for this.
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</Para>
</Warning>
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</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect2 id="ispconn">
<Title>The ISP Connection</Title>
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<Para>
The modem connects to the DSLAM, and then the DSLAM is connected to the
telco's ATM network (or frame relay), where it is picked up by the ISP. The
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ISP will take over at what we <Quote>see</Quote> as the first hop on a
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<Command>traceroute</Command>. Everything up to that point is in the hands
of the telco/DSL provider. The ISP will connect to the ATM side of the DSLAM
via a high-speed data connection, usually ATM over a T3 (45 Mbps) or OC-3
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(155 Mbps). The important thing here is that an ISP must
<Quote>subscribe</Quote> with your telco to provide this connection. The ISP
will provide traditional ISP type services: email, DNS, news, etc. It is
really a two step connection -- DSL from one provider, Internet from a second
-- even though these may be combined into one billing.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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The Baby Bells (RBOCs) all own ISPs. These, of course, are
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connected to their DSLAMs, and are providing Internet services via the
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telco's ISP subsidiary. Many independent ISPs are availing
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themselves of the ILEC's DSL services, and in essence
<Quote>reselling</Quote> the DSL services of the ILEC. While the underlying
infrastructure is the same in this case, having more than one ISP working out
of a CO may mean a better selection of features and prices for the consumer.
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A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<comment>I have a note on my printed copy to "pick and acronym", but
I'm not sure which term I wanted you to pick an acronym for. It would
be good to make sure that you're consistent throughout the whole
document with your use of acronyms, just as good authoring policy.
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HB -- If meaing RBOC vs ILEC, I think there may be a slight distinction.
Everyone has an ILEC, but these are not always a RBOC. A few rural areas still
have some localized phone systems - at least AFAIK.
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</comment>
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</Para>
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<Para>
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CLECs (independent telcos) are now installing their own DSLAMs. This
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makes them a direct competitor to the ILEC. In this scenario, there would be
two (or more) DSL providers in the same CO, each with their own DSLAM(s), and
each competing against each other. This complicates the ISP situation even
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further, as each DSL provider will be <Quote>partnered</Quote> with one or
more ISPs. If you are lucky here, you will have many choices of plans and
pricing structures.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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Typically, your service agreement is with the ISP, and not the DSL
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provider. This makes the actual DSL provider a <Quote>behind the
scenes</Quote> player. This may vary, and in some cases, you may wind up
with a separate service agreement for both the DSL provider and the ISP.
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</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
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See the Appendix for a list of <Link LinkEnd="isps">Linux Friendly ISPs</Link>.
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</Para>
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</Sect2>
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect2>
<Title>Availability</Title>
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<Para>
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Who can get DSL? The first requirement is that a telco has installed the
necessary hardware in your CO. You have no choice on which CO is yours -- it
is wherever your loop terminates. If your CO has a DSLAM, and the necessary
other components, then DSL may be available to you. This is often known as
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<Quote>pre-qualifying</Quote>, and is Step One in getting service.
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</Para>
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect3>
<Title>Ordering</Title>
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<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<comment>Which kind of provider? ISP? Telco/DSL provider? Both?
Please replace "provider" with something more specific, or give a
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clearer idea of what it means.
HB -- OK.
</comment>
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Before ordering service, check to see what providers there are in your area.
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Look for options on both the telco/DSL side and the ISP side. You may have
several options, including the large phone companies, as well as smaller,
local ISPs. Once an order is placed, you must wait for the qualification
process before a provider will agree to provide service.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
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</Sect3>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
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<Sect3 id="qualify">
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<Title>Qualifying</Title>
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<Para>
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Once local availability is established, the next step is
<Quote>qualifying</Quote> your loop. The provider will run various tests to
make sure that your loop can handle the DSL signal. This is to determine how
suitable your line is for DSL, and maybe what level of service will be
available to you. You probably will have to order service just to find out
this much. It can be a fairly involved process, with a variety of different
tests being run. There are a number of things that may
<Quote>disqualify</Quote> a line. The most common limitation is distance.
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</Para>
<Para>
All DSLs have distance limitations. ADSL is limited
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to a loop length of roughly 18,000 ft (5.5 km), but the actual cut off point
will vary from provider to provider. The further away you are, the weaker the
signal, and the potential for poor connections is greater. With ADSL, if you
are within approximately 12,000 ft (3.7 km), you should be able to get at
least 1.5 Mbps -- all other things being equal. IDSL has even greater reach,
mainly because the maximum speed for IDSL is considerably lower at 144
Kbps/144 Kbps.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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Still even if you're close enough, there are a number of potential
impediments that may disqualify a line. Two such common impediments
are load coils and bridge taps. These are aspects of the old telco
infrastructure that once were deemed beneficial, but now are getting
in the way of the newer, digital technologies. <comment>This next
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sentence could stand rephrasing. HB - ??? sounds good to me?</comment>
Whether you hit a snag like this or not, is pretty much hit or miss. Fiber
anywhere in the loop is also a disqualifier. The provider may take steps to
<Quote>clean</Quote> the line. Just how far they are willing to go will vary
from provider to provider, and this will likely add additional time to the
installation process.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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Once the line is <Quote>qualified</Quote>, the next step is deciding on which
plan is suitable for your situation. The provider may have differing plans
available depending on how strong a signal they think your line can handle.
If you are marginal, you will not be qualified for the higher speed plans.
And if price is a factor, having a tiered pricing structure is good also
since the lower end plans are obviously less expensive. How this is
structured also varies wildly from provider to provider. Since, DSL is a new
service, and providers are trying to find the right price/feature
combinations that will attract the most users and thus gain a competitive
edge.
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</Para>
<Para>
Some common data rates:
</Para>
<Para>
<BlockQuote>
<LiteralLayout>
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Downstream/Upstream
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128 Kbps/128 Kbps
256 Kbps/256 Kbps
384 Kbps/128 Kbps
640 Kbps/90 Kbps
1.5 Mbps/384 Kbps
2.0 Mbps/512 Kbps
7.1 Mbps/1024 Kbps
</LiteralLayout>
</BlockQuote>
</Para>
<Para>
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and a near infinite number of other possibilities. The cost of different
plans generally goes up with their speed.
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</Para>
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<Para>
Should you be disqualified, and have other options, get a second opinion.
Calculating the effective loop length is by no means an exact science. There
is plenty of room for errors. Also, some providers may go to greater lengths
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to <Quote>clean</Quote> the loop than others. And, if you have more than one
phone line, and are disqualified, then try the other line. Just because they
both terminate at your location, does not necessarily mean they are the same
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length! The telco network is full of surprises.
</Para>
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</Sect3>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
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<Sect2 id="cproviders">
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<Title>Choosing Providers</Title>
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<Para>
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Should you have more than one choice, here are some things to keep in mind
when comparing services from different providers. If you are in a populous
area, chances are you do have a number of choices. There is a dizzying array
of possibilities at this time. Remember too, that it is a two step
connection: DSL provider and ISP. You may have choices for each.
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</Para>
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<Para>
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<ItemizedList>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>A compatible modem</Emphasis>. For now with Linux (or any
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alternative OS) this essentially means an ethernet interface. (There are
rare exceptions.) <Quote>Routers</Quote> (i.e. combo modem/routers) should
be OK too since these seem to be all external, ethernet. Anything else is
a no-go! (This situation may be changing soon.)
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Installation</Emphasis>. A self-install option, of course, let's
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anyone get up and running, and is less expensive. But if there is no
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self-install available, will the the provider install onto a Linux only
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site? Many will not! Having a Windows (or Mac) box temporarily available
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is a work around here. Even a laptop may be enough.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Static vs Dynamic IP Address</Emphasis>. If wanting to run
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servers, or hosting your own domain, static is the way to go. A dynamic
IP, on the other hand, makes you a little harder to find should you wish
to remain <Quote>invisible</Quote>, or a least harder to keep track of.
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<comment>It might be worth noting that dynamic IP is slightly more
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secure than a static IP. With a static IP, the crackers will always
know right where to look to find you.
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HB - Done.
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</comment>
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
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<Emphasis>Encapsulation</Emphasis>. Is the connection
<Quote>Bridged</Quote> or <Quote>PPP</Quote>. PPPoX has the reputation of
being not as stable a connection, and not <Quote>always on</Quote>. PPPoE
requires client software to manage the connection, so one more layer of
code.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Server Policy</Emphasis>. Some ISPs are fairly open about this,
while others forbid any servers -- even personal web sites. Others may even
go so far as to block certain ports.
</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Contract</Emphasis>. Is there a contract, and what are the out
clauses? Cancellation fees?
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
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<Emphasis>Connection Limits</Emphasis>. Is it <Quote>always on</Quote> (at
least theoretically :-)? Are there session limits, or idle timeouts? Is
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bandwidth metered and limited to so much per month? Do they forbid a LAN
behind the connection (dumb!)?
</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Linux Support</Emphasis>. A few ISPs may offer some degree of
tech support for Linux, but most will not. This isn't so bad, as long as
they don't go overboard and refuse to help with anything just because you
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run a non-supported OS. (<Quote>Supported</Quote> means like <Quote>tech
support</Quote>.) If they say <Quote>we don't care</Quote>, you should be
good to go.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Free Dialup Account</Emphasis>. A nice thing to have if the
connection is down, or you just need to check mail from another location.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Setup program</Emphasis>. A few ISPs may have a setup program you
are required to run the first time you connect in order to setup your
account. This will likely not have a Linux version. (BellAtlantic.net was
doing this at last report.) Other than this, there is nothing proprietary
about DSL, and related protocols.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Emphasis>Reliability and Quality of Service</Emphasis>. Ask around in your
local area from those that have the same DSL provider and ISP. A local LUG
is a good place to get this kind of info. How much down time (hopefully not
much)? Are mail and news services good? Backbone routing? Tech support?
</Para>
</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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</Para>
<Para>
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There are a number of other options and features that might be worth looking
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at too: multiple IPs, domain hosting (DNS), free web space, number of
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email accounts, web mail, etc.
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</Para>
</Sect2>
</Sect1>
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<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~~~~ New Section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
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<Sect1 id="faq">
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<Title>Appendix: FAQ</Title>
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<Para>
Some Frequently Asked Questions about DSL and Linux.
</Para>
<Para>
<OrderedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
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Q. Does DSL work with Linux?
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</Para>
<Para>
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DSL is a technology, or more correctly, a group of related technologies.
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This is akin to asking if Linux works with telephones. The technology
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itself does not care. So, the short answer is <Quote>Yes, of
course!</Quote>. The long answer is that if there are any impediments, they
are being imposed by the provider. There are things they may do, that can
make getting Linux up and running, more of a challenge than it needs to be.
Not having a compatible modem option available is one common gotcha. Also,
if the telco or ISP is doing the installation, they may require a Windows
or Mac system to be available. This saves them the costs of training their
techs on various alternative OSes. Buyer beware!
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</Para>
<Para>
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Basically all DSL does, is facilitate a high speed Internet connection. At
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some point, it is all TCP/IP, and Linux, of course, handles TCP/IP quite
well.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. Where can I find drivers for my PCI (or USB) modem?
</Para>
<Para>
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As of this moment, you probably can't, because they are not available. You
need an external, ethernet interfaced modem for all intents and purposes.
If your provider does not offer one, you will have to find another
provider, or buy your own modem outright. Just make sure it is compatible
with your provider's flavor of DSL.
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</Para>
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<Para>
The are exceptions to every rule. See the <Link LinkEnd="modems">Modems
Section</Link> for a list of compatible modems as of this writing.
</Para>
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<Para>
If an incompatible modem puts you in a bind, hopefully you will take the
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time to politely harass the manufacturer ;-).
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</Para>
<Para>
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This situation may be changing. <Ulink
URL="http://www.xpeed.com">Xpeed</Ulink> now has drivers included in the
kernel for source for their PCI IDSL and SDSL modems. This is good news!
<Ulink URL="http://www.efficient.com">Efficient Networks</Ulink> is in
late Beta stages with their SpeedStream 3060/3061 PCI drivers. There is
also a beta project for the Alcatel SpeedTouch USB (see the <Link
LinkEnd="links">links section</Link>.) Hopefully others will follow suit.
(Make sure you are reading the latest version of this document, as I have
intentions of keeping this situation updated as needed.)
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. How fast or good of a network card do I need?
</Para>
<Para>
Any card that is compatible with Linux should work fine. Remember even
low-end cards are 10 Mbps, and no consumer class DSL is near that at this
time. I would suggest a reasonably good quality card, just to help
eliminate the possibility of errors and premature failure.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. How can I find out when DSL will be available in my area?
</Para>
<Para>
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Just where and when DSL gets deployed is totally in the hands of
your friendly local telco. They obviously can't do everyone at
once, so they probably are selecting areas based on competitive
factors. Getting a straight answer from a telco on this question
can also be a challenge. Probably so as not to tip their hand to
competitors. Unfortunately, it is a question only they can answer.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. I was disqualified because I am too far away. What can I do?
</Para>
<Para>
Move? Seriously, there isn't much you can do. If there are other providers,
get another opinion. You never know. Determining the loop length is an
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inexact science, and there is room for errors. Many use databases for
this, and these databases routinely have some inaccuracies. Some providers
too, may be more aggressive in taking steps to help you out and clean up
the line. Also, some providers offer low-end speed services that have
greater reach. Maybe this will become available in your area. Or, the telco
will install, at some point, remote devices for customers who are now too
far away.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. What are the speed tweaks for Linux?
</Para>
<Para>
There aren't any really. Linux is pre-tweaked, unlike some versions of
Windows that really need some registry hacks to get optimum performance.
</Para>
<Para>
Now if you are convinced you are not getting the performance you should
based on your distance and line conditions, then maybe there is a problem
somewhere. See the <Link LinkEnd="tuning">Troubleshooting</Link> section for
more. What you need is a fix, more than a tweak.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
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<comment>Perhaps make it clear that 640K is an example, or just
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use some "variable" instead of 640K. HB - OK.</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
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<Para>
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Q. My service is limited to 640K (for example). Can I get better speed by
getting a faster modem? Any way around this?
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
<Para>
No, and no. The modem has little bearing on how fast your connection is for
all intents and purposes. The provider has a mechanism in place for
limiting your speed somewhere in the pipe before you hit the Internet.
There is no way to defeat this.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
Q. I am paying for 768 Kbps service, and the best I ever get is 640 Kbps or
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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so. Why? Is the service oversold? I am not getting what I pay for.
</Para>
<Para>
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You will lose 10-20% of the rated capacity due to the overhead inherent
in the various protocols utilized. Most of us will probably fall closer to
20%. This is just a fact of life for everybody. Just how much is lost here
depends on a number of factors, and may vary from provider to provider. You
seem to be close to your maximum when this is taken into consideration.
Also, if you read the fine print, many ISPs are advertising speeds
<Quote>up to</Quote> such and such. Check your service agreement and see if
there are any guarantees. If there are, they may be well below the
advertised maximum speed, and may be based on sync rate instead of actual
throughput. Though this may vary from provider to provider.
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</Para>
<Para>
Also, be careful how you test this. Some of the so-called test sites can be
pretty unreliable. There can be many factors between you and that site that
can impact your throughput and skew results -- not the least of which is
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how many people might be trying that same test at the same time. The best
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test is via FTP download from a known good, close, not too busy site.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. Why does PPPoX have such a bad rap?
</Para>
<Para>
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The occasional disconnects is one of the biggest gripes. PPP is
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sensitive to any interruptions in the connection. Generally a disconnect
means a new IP. And there are those that say PPP, by its very nature, was
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never meant to be an <Quote>always on</Quote> protocol. PPP is a session
management protocol at heart, that requires a user to initiate a
connection and authenticate him or herself. PPPoE/A are not yet
particularly mature protocols either. They do not have much of a history
or track record. Some would say the telcos and hardware manufacturers have
rushed this out the door. PPPoE also requires an additional layer of
software just to maintain the connection. This is one more layer of code
and one more potential point of failure. Also, more system overhead is
utilized to manage the connection.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. Why PPPoX? This seems like a bad idea!
</Para>
<Para>
PPP gives several advantages to the provider: they can use their existing
infrastructure and hardware that they now use for their (larger) dialup
customer base. It is easier to control user authentication and potential
abuse situations, and easier to manage their network and related issues. In
fact, it most boils down to its just easier for them. Easier, means saves
man hours, and therefore saves costs (at least from their perspective).
</Para>
<Para>
It is not a conspiracy to conserve IP addresses, or thwart heavy users. IP
address costs are insignificant in the overall scheme of things.
</Para>
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<comment>In case you're not aware, it's illegal to sell or lease
IP addresses. Most ISPs get around this via a "service charge"
associated with having multiple IPs. </comment>
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</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. The only provider in my area does not support Linux. What can I do?
Will I have to use Windows?
</Para>
<Para>
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NO! <Quote>Support</Quote> here is support as in <Quote>tech
support</Quote>. They are just saying that they will not give you tech
support when and if you have problems. This does not mean you cannot use
Linux on their network. Just that you may have to fend for yourself when
and if a problem does arise. Anything that is forbidden will be in their
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP), or Terms of Service (TOS) agreement.
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</Para>
<Para>
I have heard stories where a new tech or installer has misinterpreted their
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own company's policy on this and told someone <Quote>you can't use Linux
here</Quote>. Same with NT server. But this is almost always a misinformed
individual.
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</Para>
<Para>
But -- if a provider does not support Linux, they may balk at installing
onto a Linux box. Hopefully, they will have a self-install option to get
around this annoyance. YMMV.
</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. My fax software does not work with my DSL modem. Why is that?
</Para>
<Para>
Faxes are normally transmitted over typical analog phone lines by dialing
the fax machine on the other end. Analog modems can handle this, but
DSL modems have no dialing capability. Don't throw out that 56K yet!
</Para>
</ListItem>
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<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. What does <Quote>FastPath</Quote> mean? Is it better? Faster? What is
interleaving? How can I get better ping times?
</Para>
<Para>
Interleaving is a feature of DMT line encoding. Essentially it is a form
of error correction that is configurable at the DSLAM. The side effects are
a slower connection, especially higher latency. With FastPath (or sometimes
called non-interleaved) DMT, gateway pings can be in the 10-20 ms range. With
interleaving, this is more likely to be in the 40-75 ms range depending on
the degree of interleaving that has been enabled.
</Para>
<Para>
On the positive side, a marginal line is more stable and less prone to
errors with interleaving. Many telcos have interleaving on by default since
increased stability would seem to be a good thing. But this is only
beneficial for marginal lines, and everyone else is paying a latency tax
for this. Some telcos may be amenable to turning this feature on/off. YMMV.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. How fast and powerful of a computer do I need for DSL? My ISP says I
need at least a Pentium 200.
</Para>
<Para>
At the most basic level, a 386 will work fine. In most situations, you are
connected to what is essentially an ethernet based network. So
theoretically anything that can handle a very slow ethernet connection
would work. No comment on well Netscape will run on a 386 though ;-) But as
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2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
far as just managing the connection, a 386 is indeed workable. What else
you can do with it, is another matter.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Where this gets a little more complicated is the modem, and the client
that the ISP may require. Any PCI or USB modem is going to require
drivers, which means more CPU and system resources. Also, PPPoE does even
more processing, so again the potential CPU load is increased. Windows
tends to be not so efficient with all this going on, hence the requirement
for mid range Pentiums by some ISPs.
</Para>
<Para>
With Linux it will depend on what you are going to do. A low end Pentium
Many small additions and changes.
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should be fine for most uses. A 386/486 should do nicely for just a
firewall/gateway box. Just remember if you are running PPPoE, you may take
a performance hit on low end hardware.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. I just got my DSL installed, and my speed sucks, and/or my connection
constantly drops. What is the problem?
</Para>
<Para>
Not enough information to say, really. There are many, many things that
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
can cause a poor connection. The list is too long to mention them all.
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
One of DSL's weaknesses is that the signal can be fairly fragile. Many
things can degrade the signal, making for poor connections, and thus
speed. This can be caused by poor or substandard inside wiring, a wiring
problem outside (like bad splice), RFI from any number of sources, AM
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
radio signal interference from a nearby station, bridge taps on your
line, excessive distance from the DSLAM and so on. Not to mention possible
hardware problems with your modem, NIC, or the telco's DSLAM, etc. Not
always easy to sort out.
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Your provider should be able to assist you. First, make sure the problem
isn't with your setup as they likely won't help solve a Linux problem. Then
be persistent, and don't hesitate to go over someone's head if the help is
not forthcoming. Most problems are solvable. The trick is isolating it. A
good telco tech, trained for DSL, can find all kinds of obscure wiring
problems.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q: Are there ADSL Standards?
</Para>
<Para>
A: Sort of. The U.S. Bell Operating Companies have standardized on Discrete
Multi-Tone (DMT) (ANSI T1.413) in their current rollout. Most others
should follow their lead in the states. There are other types of modems, most
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
notably Carrier-less Amplitude Phase Modulation (CAP), which of course, is
incompatible with DMT.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
A biased comparison from an DMT-based vendor on this subject can be found at
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
the <ULink URL="http://www.aware.com">http://www.aware.com</ULink>. Still,
it provides the best detail on this issue I have seen so far.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
A rather expensive copy of the ANSI standard can be ordered at: American
National Standards Institute <ULink URL="http://www.ansi.org">ANSI Home
Page</ULink>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<Para>
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL) Metallic Interface
</Para>
<Para>
ANSI TI.413-1995
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<Para>
Note: ANSI TI.413 Issue 2 was released September 26, 1997
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q: Can I use ATM to connect to DSL?
</Para>
<Para>
A: Technically speaking, you can. Some DSL modems (at least the Alcatel
version) has a ATM Forum 25Mbps interface, which connects to a PCI ATM
card. See <Ulink
URL="http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/">http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/</Ulink>
for more details.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
Q: Why does DSL have all these bit rates (384/1.5/7.1M/20M/etc) options?
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
A: The basic problem is the 100 year old design of the copper loop. It works
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
great for analog phone, but it presents a real challenge for a digital
signal. Remember that the distance of a loop is inversely proportional to the
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
data rate that it can carry. Rate adaptive technologies are great for making
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
a digital signal work in many situations, but it can't provide a consistent
bandwidth for all applications, especially for very long (over 18,000 ft)
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
loops. The different bandwidths that you see advertised reflect various
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
marketing wars of vendors equipment, and the telco struggle to finalize on a
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
standard set of data rates. The bottom line is for the telco to be able
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
to reach as broad a customer base as possible.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Check out the next question on the loop impairments that cause this to
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
happen.
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q. Can I run a web server with my DSL connection?
</Para>
<Para>
Sure. You are connected to a TCP/IP network, so theoretically you can run
any service that the protocols allow -- mail, ftp, ssh, irc, etc. Where
there may be problems, is with the ISP's TOS (Terms of Service). Some ISPs
are pretty open on this, while others forbid any type of server, and may
even block certain ports. You should research this, or ask the ISP before
making any plans. Most ISPs that are selling a consumer service are not
going to allow any high volume servers -- just personal, or low traffic
services.
</Para>
<Para>
If you do not have a static IP, you can get around this with one of the
many Dynamic DNS services that are out there for just this purpose. See the
<Link LinkEnd="links">links</Link> section.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q: What are all these loop impairments (bridge taps, load coils, DLCs) that
could disqualify my line from DSL? (thanks to Bruce Ediger)
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>A consistent definition format is needed here. I'd use
a variablelist, but it doesn't really matter as long as you use
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
the same format for all of the definitions.
HB - This is a word for word holdover from the previous mini HOWTO. When
I get time I'll look into re-doing this. I assumed some of this is
quoted, so I was reluctant to tinker. HB-FIXMELATER.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Load coils: in-line inductances that improve voice-frequency transmission
characteristics of a telephone circuit. Essentially, a "load" steals energy
from high frequencies and gives it to lower frequencies. Typically only used
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
in very long (&gt; 9,000 ft) phone lines.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
By "bridges" I assume you mean "bridged taps". In older neighborhoods, the
phone wiring will have been used by more than one customer. Perhaps these
customers lived at different (though near-by) addresses. The unconnected
"spur" of wiring is a "bridged tab" on the currently connected circuit.
</Para>
<Para>
DLCs, Digital Loop Carriers: there's a bunch of systems for carrying more
than one voice transmission on a single pair of wires. You can shift the
frequencies up or down, or you can digitize the voice transmissions and
divide the telephone circuit by time or code or something. The more
general term is "pair gain".
</Para>
<Para>
These things cause different problems for high-frequency communications.
</Para>
<Para>
Load coils will completely mess up things by filtering high frequencies and
passing low frequencies. They probably also change the "delay envelope",
allowing some frequencies to arrive before others. One byte's tones will
interfere with the next byte's.
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>This next paragraph is Greek to me. Well, maybe just
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Russian. :-) In any case, it's certainly geek...
HB - Moi too ;)
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Bridged taps act as shunt capacitances if they're long in relation to the
signals wavelength, and they'll actually act as band pass filters if they're
about 1/4 wavelength of the signal. That is, they'll pass particular
frequencies freely. Particular tones of a DMT modem might get shunted back,
rather than passed along to the receiving modem, reducing bandwidth for that
telephone line.
</Para>
<Para>
Pair gain, digital or analog, limit the bandwidth available to one
transmission in order to multiplex several on one wire. High and low tones
of a DMT transmission get filtered out by the apparatus.
</Para>
<Para>
The book "Subscriber Loop Signaling and Transmission Handbook", by Whitham D.
Reeve, , IEEE Press 1992, ISBN 0-87942-274-2 covers the math of how to
calculate the effect of line length, bridged tap, etc on the transmission
characteristics of a telephone line. It's pretty expensive, however.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Q: Do you have examples of DSL Modems?
</Para>
<Para>
A: Short Answer: Yes. Real Answer: The evolution of this technology is
moving too rapidly for anyone to keep up to date in a HOWTO. A good source
of ADSL Modems is the ADSL Forum Home Page at <ULink
URL="http://www.adsl.com">http://www.adsl.com</ULink>. Go to the Vendors
pages to see what's happening. Also, check <Ulink
URL="http://dslreports.com/information/equiprated/all">http://dslreports.com/information/equiprated/all</Ulink>.
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<comment>Is this really as of June 1998? HB - Yes, apparently when the
original list was put together. I have left the old in mostly (not
knowing how accurate this was), and just added to it per the 'update'.
Presumably some of this older equipment is still in use. Whether still
mfg'd or not, dunno there.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
However, below is a list of some of the current modem offerings as of
October 2000. All are ADSL modems with DMT encoding (a.k.a. Alcatel
compatible), unless specified otherwise. [Note: Some items retained from
original list dated June 1998.]
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Router/Modems with 10/100baseT Ethernet Interface:
</Para>
<Para>
Examples: Flowpoint 2000 DSL(CAP), 3COM Viper-DSL (CAP), Westell
ATU-R-Flexcap (CAP), Aware x200, Zyxel P641, Efficient Networks
SpeedStream 5660, Cayman 3220H, Cisco 673 (SDSL), Cisco 675 (ADSL/CAP),
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Cisco 677 (ADSL/DMT), Alcatel SpeedTouch Pro
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Bridge/Modems with 10/100baseT Ethernet Interface:
</Para>
<Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
Examples: Alcatel 1000, Alcatel SpeedTouch Home [note: there are also USB
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
and PCI SpeedTouch versions!], Westell ATU-R-Flexcap2 (CAP), Efficient
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
Networks SpeedStream 5260, Efficient Networks SpeedStream 5251 (SDSL),
Westell WireSpeed.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Modems with ATMF Interface:
</Para>
<Para>
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
Examples: Alcatel 1000, Alcatel SpeedTouch Home, Cisco 627 (DMT), Ariel
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Horizon II
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
Bridge/Modems with V.35 Serial Interface (T1, Serial Router)
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Examples: Westell ATU-R
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
Modems with USB Interface:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Efficient Networks SpeedStream 4060, Intel 3100, Alcatel SpeedTouch USB
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
PCI Modems:
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Examples: Cisco 605, Efficient Networks SpeedStream 3060/3061, Intel 2100,
Xpeed X200 (IDSL), Xpeed X300 (SDSL), Alcatel SpeedTouch PCI
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Wireless Modems (IEEE 802.11b):
</Para>
<Para>
Examples: Alcatel SpeedTouch Wireless
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Dedicated Router (no built in modem) with 10/100baseT Ethernet Interface:
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Examples: Netgear RT311, SMC 7004BR, Linksys BEFSR11
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</OrderedList>
</Para>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is but a very small sampling. It should not be construed as
endorsements of the products lists. It is just a simple illustration
of some of the available products.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Warning>
<Para>
Modem manufacturers often ship modems to meet an ISP's specifications.
Features are sometimes enabled or disabled as requested by the ISP. There are
conceivably numerous, possible variations on each model. Something to
consider if buying one second-hand.
</Para>
</Warning>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
</Sect1>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
<!-- ~~~~~~~~ New Section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
<Sect1 id="appendix">
<Title>Appendix: Miscellaneous</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2 id="links">
<Title>Links</Title>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>At some point, it might be nice to break these links up
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
into categories.
HB -- Agreed. I had already thought about that since the list is getting
lengthy. FIXMELATER.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
<Para>
Other related documentation from the Linux Documentation Project:
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Firewall-HOWTO.html">Firewall HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Security-HOWTO.html">Security HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IPCHAINS-HOWTO.html">IPCHAINS HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IP-Masquerade-HOWTO.html">IP Masquerade HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Home-Network-mini-HOWTO.html">Home Network mini HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html">Ethernet HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Networking-Overview-HOWTO.html">Networking Overview HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>Hmm, I'd like to see either summaries with the
HOWTOs, or no summaries with the HOWTOs. They should be
easily enough stolen from the HOWTO-INDEX, if you want to
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
include them.
HB - Hmmmm....some are so self explanatory, and some are not. The Net
HOWTO got me since I was used to Net 3/4, hence the added wordage. Any
further explanation of 'Firewall HOWTO' would seem to be redundant.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Net-HOWTO/">Net HOWTO</Ulink>,
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
previously named the NET3-4-HOWTO, the definitive, in-depth guide to
various Linux networking topics.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Adv-Routing-HOWTO.html">Linux
2.4 Advanced Routing HOWTO</Ulink>. All the new, improved features are
explained here.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/DHCP/">DHCP HOWTO</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</ListItem>
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<comment>Greg: go through this nested list, and re-format
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
it for easier reading. Hal, don't worry about this
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
comment. HB - OK. ??? </comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
<Para>
More on the 2.4 kernel packet filtering from The Netfilter Project at <Ulink
URL="http://netfilter.kernelnotes.org/">http://netfilter.kernelnotes.org/</Ulink>.
Several good HOWTOs for the new features in 2.4.
</Para>
</ListItem>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Check your security and see what ports are open at
<Ulink
URL="http://hackerwhacker.com/">http://hackerwhacker.com/</Ulink>. This
is one of the better sites for this. Some only test a relatively few
ports.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
SuSE's Linux PPPoE page is at <Ulink
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Url="http://www.suse.de/~bk/PPPoE-project.html">http://www.suse.de/~bk/PPPoE-project.html</Ulink>.
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Good information on most of the available Linux PPPoE implementations.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Bob Carrick's definitive PPPoE site is at <Ulink
Url="http://www.carricksolutions.com/">http://www.carricksolutions.com/</Ulink>.
His Linux PPPoE page is at <Ulink
URL="http://www.carricksolutions.com/linuxpppoe.htm">http://www.carricksolutions.com/linuxpppoe.htm</Ulink>.
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
It has some other DSL related information as well. All OSes are covered.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The NTS EnterNet for Linux FAQ can be found at <Ulink
URL="http://www.nts.com/support/FaqEnterNetLinux.html">
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
http://www.nts.com/support/FaqEnterNetLinux.html</Ulink>. This is a
non-GPL'd PPPoE client that is distributed by some ISPs.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
More, but many, minor cleanups. Broke out FAQ to separate page.
2000-09-01 02:06:31 +00:00
A white paper from Redback on the technology and rationale behind PPPoE can
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
be found at
<Ulink
URL="http://www.redback.com/frameset.asp?page=whitepp/wp_pppoe_comparison.html">http://www.redback.com/frameset.asp?page=whitepp/wp_pppoe_comparison.html</Ulink>.
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
This is how the ISPs see it. (Redback is the leading manufacturer of PPPoX
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
termination routers.)
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
ATM on Linux: <Ulink URL="http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/">
http://lrcwww.epfl.ch/linux-atm/</Ulink>. Where to find the latest info on
PPPoA and raw ATM connections.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A step by step report on getting Linux going with raw ATM is here: <Ulink
URL="http://linux.com.sg/news/atm/">http://linux.com.sg/news/atm/</Ulink>.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
An open source project based on the Alcatel SpeedTouch USB modem can be
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
found at <Ulink
URL="http://kapu.name.daemon.xs4all.be:8080/Projects/">http://kapu.name.daemon.xs4all.be:8080/Projects/</Ulink>. This is a beta project that requires 2.4 kernel
and patches.
</Para>
</ListItem>
*** empty log message ***
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<ListItem>
<Para>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
FreeSwan, <Ulink
*** empty log message ***
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URL="http://www.freeswan.org">http://www.freeswan.org</Ulink>, is an
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
IPSec and IKE VPN implementation for Linux.
*** empty log message ***
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</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
VPN and Masquerading on Linux: <Ulink URL="http://www.wolfenet.com/~jhardin/ip_masq_vpn.html">http://www.wolfenet.com/~jhardin/ip_masq_vpn.html</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
PPTP-linux allows you to connect to a PPTP server with Linux. The home page is
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
<Ulink URL="http://cag.lcs.mit.edu/~cananian/Projects/PPTP/">http://cag.lcs.mit.edu/~cananian/Projects/PPTP/</Ulink>.
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
Justin Beech's
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Ulink Url="http://dslreports.com">http://dslreports.com</Ulink>, a great
site for anything and everything related to DSL. If it's not there, then
there is a link to it. (Site runs on Linux.)
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
John Navas's Cable and DSL site, <Ulink
Url="http://cable-dsl.home.att.net">http://cable-dsl.home.att.net</Ulink>,
has good general info, tweaks, troubleshooting, hardware info, etc. for
all OSes.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
TCP Performance Tuning tips: <Ulink
URL="http://www.psc.edu/networking/perf_tune.html">
http://www.psc.edu/networking/perf_tune.html</Ulink>. Tips on Linux, and
other OSes.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A great Linux security site is <Ulink
URL="http://linux-firewall-tools.com/linux/">
http://linux-firewall-tools.com/linux/</Ulink>. Lots of info from Robert
L. Ziegler, author of <CiteTitle>Linux Firewalls</CiteTitle>. Many links
to other security related sites as well.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.securityportal.com/lasg/">
http://www.securityportal.com/lasg/</Ulink>, The Linux Administrator's
Security Guide by Kurt Seifried. Good tutorials on a variety of
topics -- not just firewalls, but the big picture.
</Para>
</ListItem>
*** empty log message ***
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<ListItem>
<Para>
The Seattle firewall is an ipchains based firewall that can be used on a
dedicated masquerading firewall machine (including LRP), a multi-function
masquerade gateway/server or on a standalone Linux system. The project is
located at <Ulink
URL="http://seawall.sourceforge.net/">http://seawall.sourceforge.net/</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
My ipchains script is at <Ulink
URL="http://personal.bellsouth.net/~hburgiss/linux/ipchains.html">
http://personal.bellsouth.net/~hburgiss/linux/ipchains.html</Ulink>.
This has IP Masquerading already set up, is reasonably well commented, and
may make a quick starting point for your own script with only
minor adjustments to suit your situation.
</Para>
</ListItem>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Here a few pages dedicated to using Linux with specific providers. (I
could use some submissions for more please.)
</Para>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Bell Canada's Sympatico:
<Ulink URL="http://www.sympaticousers.org/faq/opsys_software.htm#unix">
http://www.sympaticousers.org/faq/opsys_software.htm#unix</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Verizon:
<Ulink URL="http://www.panix.com/~dfoster/prog/linux/pppoe.html">
http://www.panix.com/~dfoster/prog/linux/pppoe.html</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Southwestern Bell:
<Ulink URL="http://home.swbell.net/sdboyd56/DSL/connect1.html">
http://home.swbell.net/sdboyd56/DSL/connect1.html</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
BellSouth:
<Ulink
URL="http://personal.bellsouth.net/~hburgiss/dsl/survival/linux.htm">
http://personal.bellsouth.net/~hburgiss/dsl/survival/linux.htm</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
HomeChoice (UK):
<Ulink URL="http://www.maxuk.net/hc/faq.html">http://www.maxuk.net/hc/faq.html</Ulink>. (This gets my vote for the strangest ADSL service anywhere.)
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</ListItem>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Now that you have a full-time connection, want a routable hostname for
your computer? Dynamic DNS services can do this, even if your IP changes from
time to time. A few of the available services:
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://dyndns.org">http://dyndns.org</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Ulink URL="http://tzo.com">http://tzo.com</Ulink>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://eyep.net">http://eyep.net</Ulink>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
ADSL Forum Home Page: <ULink
URL="http://www.adsl.com">http://www.adsl.com</ULink> A comprehensive web
site created by the ADSL vendors. Fairly complete for reference information
on ADSL.
</Para>
</ListItem>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<!--
Way out of date. 1996.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
<ULink URL="http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/isdn/adsl.html">Dan Kegels
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
ADSL Page</ULink> A good general reference on DSL - includes vendor,
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
service provider, and other links. This page was getting a little long in
the tooth as of 2Q98. Dan also maintains a super page on ISDN.
</Para>
</ListItem>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
-->
<!--
Leaving this out for now, until more can be included. HB Sun 09/03/00 02:19:22
PM
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
<ULink
URL="http://www.pacbell.com/products/business/fastrak/adsl/index.html">PacBell's
ADSL Page</ULink> Pacific Bell is the local Telco and my provider of ADSL
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
service (DF).
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
-->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
<ULink URL="http://conk.com/world/dsl/">ADSL
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Deployment 'round the World</ULink> Claims to have a complete list -
looked accurate for my area - gives providers, prices, speeds, etc.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<ULink
URL="http://homepage.interaccess.com/~jkristof/xdsl-faq.txt">comp.dcom.xdsl
FAQ</ULink>. Actively maintained, and a great technical reference for DSL
technologies.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="news://comp.dcom.xdsl">comp.dcom.xdsl</Ulink>, DSL discussions,
vents, and flames on Usenet. Good place to get technical questions answered
that your ISP can't.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2 id="glossary">
<Title>Glossary</Title>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>There are a bunch of tags designed for marking up
glossaries. Take a look at
http://www.docbook.org/tdg/html/glossary.html and some of the
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
pages following it.
HB-Looks a little time consuming. FIXMELATER
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
A dictionary of some of the jargon used in this Document, and in the
telco and DSL industries.
</Para>
<Para>
<VariableList>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>ADSL</Term>
<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>Is ADSL still the most popular? How are you
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
determining popularity?
HB -- AFAICT, yes. No way to really measure this, but just 'seat of
the pants' impression. Who would be the #1 contender? G.lite? SDSL?
Don't see it, frankly.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop. <Quote>Asymmetric</Quote> in that the
downstream potential is greater than the upstream. ADSL is capable of
sharing on a single POTS wire pair. Maximum speed is 8 Mbps, though
typically is limited by the provider to lesser speeds. The most popular
DSL at this time.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>ANT</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
ADSL Network Termination (a.k.a. the ADSL modem).
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>ARP</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Address Resolution Protocol. Converts MAC addresses to IP addresses.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>ASAM</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Alcatel's terminology for a DSLAM.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>ATM</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Asynchronous Transfer Mode - provides high-speed packet switching from 155
Mbps to (currently) 2Gbps. Used to provide backbone switching for the
Internet.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>ATMF-25Mbps</Term>
<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
ATM Forum Interface - 25Mbps speed, provided by a PCI NIC card. One of the
interfaces used between the modem and PC.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<VarListEntry>
<Term>brouter</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A combination DSL modem that can be configured to act as either a bridge
or a router.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<VarListEntry>
<Term>CAP</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Carrierless Amplitude Phase. A proprietary ADSL line encoding technique,
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
that is (or was) in competition with <Quote>DMT</Quote>. DMT has won the
standards battle. CAP and DMT modems are not compatible with each other.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Central Office, or CO</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Usually refers to one of two meanings -1) The local Telco building that
houses telephone equipment, and where local loops terminate 2) The Telco
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
voice switch that provides dial tone. Often referred to as just
<Quote>CO</Quote>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>CLEC</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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Competitive Local Exchange Carrier. <Quote>Competitors</Quote> to the
ILECs. They do not own any lines, and must lease their lines from ILEC in
order to provide any service.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>CPE</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Customer Premises Equipment - The Telco term for customer owned equipment
(i.e. the stuff you are responsible for fixing). Examples are CSU/DSU,
modems, fax machines, and your phone.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>DHCP</Term>
<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - A protocol used to distribute
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
dynamically assigned IP addresses and other important networking
Many small additions and changes.
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parameters. The DHCP server <Quote>leases</Quote> an IP from its pool to
clients on request. The lease is renewed at regular intervals. This is a
common protocol on bridged DSL networks.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>DMT</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Discrete Multitone Technology. This is a line encoding common among ADSL
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
deployments, and now is the standard. Sometimes referred to as
<Quote>Alcatel compatible</Quote>. Most telcos in the U.S. are now
standardizing on DMT. The other, less common, ADSL encoding is
<Quote>CAP</Quote>. CAP and DMT modems are incompatible with each other.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>DS0</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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The basic digital circuit for Telcos - offered at 56 Kbps or 64 Kbps. Can
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
support one analog voice channel.
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>DSLAM</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
Digital Subscriber Loop Access Multiplexer - The Telco equipment installed
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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at the CO that concentrates and multiplexes the DSL lines. One end of the
copper loop connects to the DSLAM, the other to your modem. The DSLAM
is essentially what makes DSL work.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>DSL</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
Digital Subscriber Loop - A term describing a family of
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
DSL services, including ADSL, SDSL, IDSL, RADSL, HDSL, VDSL, SHDSL, etc.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
Many small additions and changes.
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<!--
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
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Not sure I have this right. FIXMELATER Wed 10/18/00 07:12:25 PM
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<VarListEntry>
<Term>G.DMT</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
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Synonymous with <Quote>full rate</Quote> ADSL. Used to distinguish between
full rate ADSL, and G.Lite. See <Link LinkEnd="family">DSL Family</Link>
for more.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
Many small additions and changes.
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-->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<VarListEntry>
<Term>G.Lite</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A lesser version of ADSL that has lower maximum speeds, and requires no
splitter or filters. Not DMT compatible. See <Link LinkEnd="family">DSL
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Family</Link> in this HOWTO for more. </Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>HDSL</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
High bit rate DSL. See <Link LinkEnd="family">DSL Family</Link> in
this HOWTO for more.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>ILEC</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier. The Regional phone company that
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
physically owns the lines. Examples: Bell Atlantic and Qwest. FCC
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
regulations are forcing the ILECs to open up their networks to independent
providers. This is allowing the independents like Covad and Rhythms to
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
offer competitive services. This is a good thing for consumers IMHO.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment><quote>U.S. West is not Qwest</quote>, just ask
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
them.
HB-10/4.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<Term><acronym>ISDN</acronym></Term>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Innovations Subscribers Don't Need; I Still Don't kNow; or maybe Integrated
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Services Digital Network, a digital phone service that uses a single
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
copper pair to run 2B (64K) + 1D(16K) channels that can be used for
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
switched voice or data.
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>Sometimes ISDN is sold for "consumer" use as dual 56K
channels, plus a 16K data channel.</comment>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>IP</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Internet Protocol. Often used to simply refer to an IP address.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>ISP</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Internet Service Provider.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>LAN</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Local Area Network. A network of computers that are segregated from the
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
WAN (Wide Area Network, i.e. the Internet). Often using private,
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
non-routable IP addressing, e.g. 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1.
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Loop</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The two wire twisted pair from the telco Central Office that terminates at
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
a customer location. For DSL, a <Quote>clean</Quote> copper loop within
the distance limitations is required.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<Term>MAC Address</Term>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>Not 100% sure on this one, but I think it's supposed
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
to be MAC address.
HB - OK.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Media Access Control Address. Sometimes also called
<Quote>hardware</Quote> address, it is a unique identifier of network
devices and is an important aspect of some network environments.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>mini-RAM</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Remote Access Multiplexer, a mini DSLAM. Typically with very few
connections -- eight is common. Used for remote areas too far from a CO.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>MTU</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Maximum Transmission Unit, the largest packet size, measured in bytes,
that a network can transmit. Any packets larger than the MTU are divided
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
into smaller packets before being transmitted.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>NAT</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Network Address Translation is a means of allowing computers on a LAN to
access the WAN while <Quote>masquerading</Quote> with the IP address of a
host with a suitable address and configuration. With Linux this is called
<Quote>ip-masquerading</Quote>. Often used to share one public, routable
IP address among hosts located on a LAN behind a masquerading proxy where
the local addresses are private and non-routable.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>NAT does not require that 1 side is non-routable IP
addresses. It's quite possible to do NAT with any IPs that you
like. Also, there is such a thing as "static NAT", which is a
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
direct mapping of one IP address to another.
HB-reworded.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>NID</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Network Interface Device - The telco housing on the side of your house.
Typically where the telco's responsibility ends, and the owner's begins.
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Also, sometimes called the <Quote>SNI</Quote> or <Quote>ONI</Quote>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>NIC</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Network Interface Card - An internal PC card that supports the
required network interface. Often an ethernet 10/100baseT or an
ATMF-25Mbps card in this context.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
<comment>There are many other buses that could be used for a
network card, including SBUS, EISA, MCA (microchannel), EIO,
and bazzillions more. I don't think that anybody is still
making pure 10baseT cards anymore, and if so, I can't imagine
why. 10/100 cards are so cheap that they should be
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
ubiquitous.
HB-reworded a bit.
</comment>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>NSP</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Network Service Provider. An ISP's upstream provider or backbone
provider.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>OC-3</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A fiber optic line capable of 155 Mbps.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>POTS</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Plain Old Telephone Service - The service that provides a single analog
voice line (i.e. a traditional phone line).
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>PPPoA</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (RFC 2364). One of the PPP protocols
being used by some ISPs. Linux support is beta at this particular
moment. May be changing very soon. A hardware device, i.e. a combination
modem/router, is one alternative if this is the only option available to
you.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>PPPoE</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (RFC 2516). Another PPP protocol in
use by providers. This one is more common, and there are several Linux
clients available. See the <link LinkEnd="links">Links section</link> for
more.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>PPPoX</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Used to refer to PPPoE and PPPoA collectively.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>RADSL</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Rate Adaptive DSL. See <Link LinkEnd="family">DSL Family</Link> in
this HOWTO for more.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>RBOC</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Regional Bell Operating Company. The <Quote>Baby Bells</Quote>. The U.S.
phone companies that have had a state sponsored monopoly since the break
up of AT&amp;T.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<comment>ask Greg Ferguson if the numeric entities or
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
the named ones work better</comment>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>RFI</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Radio Frequency Interference. DSL is susceptible to RFI if in the right
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
frequency range, and if close enough to the DSL signal.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>SDSL</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Single Line DSL. Also, sometimes erroneously <Quote>Symmetric DSL</Quote>.
See <Link LinkEnd="family">DSL Family</Link> for more.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>SNI</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Subscriber Network Interface - The Telco term for the phone wiring housing
on the side of your house. It designates the point between the Telco side
and the Inside Wire. This is also called the Demarcation Point. Sometimes
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
called a <Quote>NID</Quote> also.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Splitter</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
The passive device (low-bandpass filter) at or near the NID that
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
splits the DSL signal into separate voice and data channels. Typically
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
installed near the NID.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Splitterless</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
A DSL installation that does not require a splitter. For higher
speeds, a RJ11 filter (sometimes called microfilters) is placed on every
extension phone jack where an analog phone or other non-DSL device is
used, thus filtering the DSL signal at the jack, rather than at the
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
NID. For lower speeds, no filter is necessary. Without a filter or
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
splitter, the DSL signal tends to cause audible interference on voice
phones. G.Lite needs no splitter, nor filter, but this is the exception to
the rule.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>SOHO</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Small Office HOme
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<VarListEntry>
<Term>Sync Rate</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
The speed as negotiated by the DSL modem and the telco's DSLAM. This
represents the theoretical maximum speed of the connection before any
networking protocol overhead is taken into account. Real world throughput
is always something less than the modem's sync rate.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
*** empty log message ***
2000-08-30 04:25:51 +00:00
<VarListEntry>
<Term>T-DSL</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
German Telekom's ADSL implementation. See <Link LinkEnd="family">DSL
Family</Link> for more.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<VarListEntry>
<Term>T1</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
a.k.a DS1 - A digital dedicated line at 1.544 Mbps comprised of 24
channels, used for both voice (24 DS0s) and data.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>T3</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
a.k.a DS3 - T1's big brother, a digital dedicated line at 44.736 Mbps,
used for both voice (672 DS0s or 28 DS1s) and data.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>VCI/VPI</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
VCI is <Quote>Virtual Circuit Identifier</Quote> and is part of an ATM
cell header. VPI is <Quote>Virtual Path Identifier</Quote>, also part of
an ATM cell header which contains circuit information. These are both
important configuration aspects for modems and routers. They must match
what the provider is using. Frequently used VPI/VCI pairs are 0/32 or
8/35.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>VDSL</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Very high bit rate DSL. See <Link LinkEnd="family">DSL Family</Link> for
more.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>VoD</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Video on Demand.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>VoDSL</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Voice over DSL.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>WAN</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Wide Area Network. For example, the Internet.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
<VarListEntry>
<Term>xDSL</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Used to refer to the entire DSL family of related technologies: ADSL,
SDSL, IDSL, etc.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry>
</VariableList>
</Para>
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title>Other Consumer Class High Speed Services</Title>
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
Many, many small updates and changes. New Navigation section. New links. New intro to installation section.
2000-08-30 23:13:37 +00:00
<Sect3 id="cable">
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<Title>Cable Modem vs DSL</Title>
<Para>
The Telcos see DSL as a competitor to the Cable Company's Cable
Modem, and as such, are providing competitive pricing and configuration
offerings. Although Cable Modems are advertised as having 10-30Mbps potential
bandwidth, they use a shared transmission medium with many other users on the
same line, and therefore performance varies, perhaps greatly, with the amount
of traffic, time of day, and number of other users on the same node.
</Para>
<Para>
It is often heard that DSL has an advantage in that it is a private pipe to
the Internet, with dedicated bandwidth. This is mostly a myth. You do have a
private pipe to the DSLAM, but at that point, you enter the telco's ATM (or
frame relay) network, and start sharing bandwidth. You are at the mercy of
how well your DSL provider and ISP manage their networks. The consensus seems
to be that DSL providers and ISPs are doing a better job of managing
bandwidth than the Cable companies. It is easier for them to add and adjust
bandwidth as needed to meet demand. You are less likely to have speed
fluctuations due to other users being on line at the same time. But, again,
this gets down to how well the network and bandwidth are managed.
</Para>
<Para>
DSL probably has a small security advantage too. With most Cable modem
networks, it is like being on a big LAN. You are sharing your connection (and
bandwidth) right at the point of connection. But if you are not doing
something to filter incoming connections already, you are asking for trouble
either way.
</Para>
<Para>
There also seems to be a better chance of having ISP alternatives with DSL
than Cable. Choice is a good thing, and so is competition. It seems most
Cable outfits give you just one choice for an ISP. If you don't like it, you
are out of luck. The number of options with DSL probably varies greatly by
geographic areas. Populous areas, like Northeast U.S., seem to have many
options.
</Para>
<Para>
So which is better? The differences aren't as much with the technology, as they
are with the implementations. If you look around, you can find plenty of
horror stories on either. And plenty of happy customers too. The way
to know what may be the best for you, is to do comparative shopping based on
experiences of other users in your area. Don't base your choice on one
person's opinion. This is statistically invalid. Likewise, don't base your
choice on someone's opinion who has had a particular service for only a short
time. Again, statistically not worth much. Get as many opinions from those
that are using the <Emphasis>exact same services</Emphasis> that you are
looking at.
</Para>
</Sect3>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect3>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Title>Fiber in the Loop (IFITL or FTTC, and FTTH)</Title>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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<Para>
In some areas, newer neighborhoods are being built with fiber optic cable
instead of the traditional telco copper lines. While the fiber is a definite
problem for DSL services, it has it's own potential advantages. Existing
fiber is potentially capable of 100 Mbps, and it looks like this could easily
go up soon.
</Para>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
So while telco fiber customers are being shut out of the DSL market
(since DSL is a copper only technology), they may have much to look forward
to. Technologies are under development, and in some cases just now being
deployed, to take advantage of fiber telco phone loops. Known as
<Quote>FTTC</Quote> (Fiber To The Curb), or <Quote>IFITL</Quote> (Integrated
Fiber In The Loop), this technology is another high speed service that telcos
can offer. The speeds are sufficient for VoD (Video on Demand) and VoDSL
(Voice over DSL), and other high bandwidth services. One nice advantage here
is, that since there is no DSL signal on the wire, the only required CPE is a
network card. In other words, no modem -- just connect a NIC to the wall jack
and off you go! This will also allow the telco to provide other digital
services such digital TV.
</Para>
<Para>
FTTC is Fiber To The Curb. The last leg into the house is still copper. FTTH
(Fiber To The Home), on the other hand, is an all fiber loop with even higher
potential.
</Para>
</Sect3>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect3>
<Title>Wireless</Title>
<Para>
There is a lot of buzz about wireless technologies these days. Wireless would
certainly seem to have a place in the broadband market, especially for areas
that don't have ready access to cable or telco networks. There are still
some inherent problems with the current state of this technology that may prevent
it from becoming a major player in the near term however. Weather can still
impact the wireless signal -- heavy cloud cover or rain for instance. Also,
there is some pretty hefty latency if the uplink is via satellite. Surely
these drawbacks will improve over time. But how soon?
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</Sect3>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2 id='modems'>
<Title>Compatible Modems</Title>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This list is limited to those modems and delivery systems that are readily
available, and should work with any current Linux distribution without having
to go to extraordinary lengths. Alpha and Beta projects are not included.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
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</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Bridgehead>Ethernet Interface</Bridgehead>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Emphasis>All</Emphasis> external, ethernet based modems, and modem
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
combination devices, will work (provided they match the provider's flavor
of DSL). The only requirement is a compatible ethernet network card. This
is the preferred way to go.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<Bridgehead>PCI (Internal)</Bridgehead>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Xpeed X200 IDSL <Ulink
URL="http://www.xpeed.com/Products/x200/x200_c.html">http://www.xpeed.com/Products/x200/x200_c.html</Ulink> (as of kernel 2.2.18)
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
Xpeed X300 SDSL <Ulink
URL="http://www.xpeed.com/Products/x300/x300_c.html">http://www.xpeed.com/Products/x300/x300_c.html</Ulink> (as of kernel 2.2.18)
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2 id="isps">
<Title>Linux Friendly DSL ISPs</Title>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
By <Quote>friendly</Quote> we mean ISPs that don't put up any unnecessary
impediments just because you aren't running that other guy's OS. And yes,
there is some of that going around. If your choices are limited, and you are
forced to deal with one of these, then having a Windows box available
temporarily is one work around. Another, may be to sweet talk the installer
into letting you finish the installation (NIC, etc). Of course, self
installation, if available, should be completely <Quote>Linux
compatible</Quote>.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
So to make this list, the ISP/provider must make available some type of
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
workable modem (ethernet interface at this point in time), nor should
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
penalize you, or make things difficult, just because you are running an
alternate OS. Installing directly onto Linux should be an available option,
and should not cause you any undue hardship. Technical support for Linux is a
nice bonus, but not necessary to make the list. Please do not take these as
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
recommendations, do your own homework. Also, this market is in a constant
state of flux, so use this as a starting point only!
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
To add a name to this list, mail <ULink
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
URL="mailto:hal@foobox.net?Subject=LinuxFriendlyISP">Linux
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
Friendly</ULink>. Please included ISP's official name, URL (if not obvious),
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
location and coverage area, modem type, server policy, and any other
pertinent details.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>
National ISPs (U.S.):
</BridgeHead>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.speakeasy.net">Speakeasy.net</Ulink>: Static IP and
no PPPoX, servers explicitly allowed. Highly rated. National. Multiple IPs
available.
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<!--
In the toilet ...
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.phoenixdsl.com">PhoenixDSL</Ulink>: Static IP and
no PPPoX. National. Linux is supported. Servers apparently OK for
non-commercial use. Tiered pricing plan.
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
-->
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.telocity.com">Telocity</Ulink>: Static IP, no
PPPoX, liberal server policy. Reports of abysmal tech support. (Unenforced
monthly bandwidth usage limit ???). National. They have their own
proprietary modem, but it is ethernet based.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.geekcast.com/dsl_request.html">Penguinista
DSL</Ulink>, DSL with a twist. Not just Linux friendly, but Linux lovers.
Sponsored by the Benevolent Penguin Society. National. Static IP
available. "Theoretical" timeouts and session limits though. Encapsulation
protocol (PPP?) unknown. ???
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>
Regional and Local ISPs (U.S.):
</BridgeHead>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://qx.net/dsl/index.html">qx.net</Ulink>, Lexington, Ky.,
and areas of Central and Eastern KY. Officially supports Linux. Static IP.
Personal servers allowed. Tiered pricing plans. Highly rated.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.ctsi.net">Commonwealth Technical Services</Ulink>,
Richmond, Va. Officially, and happily support Linux. Static IP. Personal
servers allowed. No bandwidth restrictions. This ISP runs on Linux!
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.execdsl.com">ExecDSL</Ulink>, Baltimore, MD,
Washington, DC and surrounding areas. Static IP. Servers are OK. Various
plans and DSL providers. Secondary MX and DNS available (nice touch!).
(Apparently no official Linux support.)
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://netexpress.net">Netexpress.net</Ulink>, Moline, Ill.
Tiered pricing. Static IP available. Apparently, no official support. Runs
on Linux!
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.iglou.com">iglou.com</Ulink>, Lexington, Ky., and
soon in Louisville, Ky, Cincinnati, OH, and maybe Nashville, TN. Static IP
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
available. Personal servers allowed. Tiered pricing plans with various
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
options.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink
Url="http://bluegrass.net/internetaccess.html">Bluegrass.net</Ulink>,
Lexington, Ky., and surrounding areas. Static IP. Personal servers allowed.
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Tiered pricing plans. Business class DSL only is available in Louisville, Ky.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.drizzle.com/dsl">Drizzle.com</Ulink>, greater
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
Seattle, WA area. Static IP, servers OK.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink
Url="http://www.netsync.net/services/dedicated.html">Netsync.net</Ulink>,
Chautauqua County, NY (Fredonia, Jamestown, and surrounding areas). Static
IP available, PPPoA, servers are OK. Linux is supported!
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink Url="http://www.aracnet.com/adsl/">Aracnet</Ulink>, greater Seattle,
WA., and Portland and Salem, OR. areas. Static IP. Linux friendly! Tiered
pricing. Shell access account is included (RH)!
</Para>
</ListItem>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://www.reedmedia.net/isp/dsl/">ReedMedia.net</Ulink>,
Portland (Oregon) and surrounding areas; and surrounding areas of the
following: Vancouver, Olympia, Tacoma, Seattle, Everett, Mt. Vernon,
Bellingham (Washington). Various modem options, static IP available,
personal servers are allowed.
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://mminternet.com">MM Internet</Ulink>,
Southern California. Static IP, personal servers allowed, and secondary
MX and DNS (nice!).
</Para>
</ListItem>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>
European ISPs:
</BridgeHead>
<Para>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Ulink URL="http://easynet.be">Easynet Belgium</Ulink>. Linux is
officially supported (Roaring Penguin). Dynamic IP.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Sect2>
<!-- ~ End Section ~ -->
<!-- ~~~~~ New Section ~~~~~ -->
<Sect2>
<Title id="linrouter">Setting up Linux as a Router</Title>
<Para>
Depending on your local setup, you should consider some other issues. These
include a firewall setup, and any associated configurations. For my setup,
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
shown in Figure 5 below, I use an old i486 machine configured as a
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
firewall/router between the DSL connection and the rest of my home network.
I use private IP addresses on my private LAN subnet, and have configured my
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
router to provide IP Masquerading and Firewalling between the LAN and
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
WAN connection.
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
See the <Ulink
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/IP-Masquerade-HOWTO.html">IP
Masquerade HOWTO</Ulink> , and <Ulink
URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Firewall-HOWTO.html">Firewall
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
HOWTO</Ulink> for more information. For 2.4 kernels see the <Ulink
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Adv-Routing-HOWTO.html"
>Linux 2.4 Advanced Routing HOWTO</Ulink>. My experience is that Linux is more
A whole slew of updates from my original edit of this document. ALL updates are awaiting approval from the author.
2000-10-09 05:02:35 +00:00
flexible and provides superior routing/firewalling performance. It is
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
much less expensive than a commercial router -- if you find an old 486 machine
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
that you may be using as a doorstop somewhere.
</Para>
<BridgeHead renderas=sect3>
A few minor changes/additions. A coulpa new links. Spellchecked.
2000-08-31 04:52:52 +00:00
Figure 5: A typical SOHO Network Setup
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</BridgeHead>
<Para>
<Literal>
<MSGText>
<LiteralLayout>
<--Private Subnet/LAN-> Linux <-----ISP's Public Subnet----><--inet-->
192.168.1.0
X--+ --------
| | | -------- (eth0:0)---------
+--=| Hub/ | | Linux | +------=| DSL |=-DSL-> ISP's
X-----=|Switch|=-----=| System |=----+ | Modem | Gateway
+--=| | eth1 |(Router)| eth0 ---------
| -------- | -------- |
X--+ | IP_Masq |
| IP_Firewall |
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
| | Gateway |
| | |
| V V
V 192.168.1.1 Dynamic or
192.168.1.x LAN Gateway Static IP
LAN Addresses IP Address from ISP pool
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</LiteralLayout>
</MSGText>
</Literal>
</Para>
<Para>
What I did is setup a Linux router (Redhat Linux 5.0 on a i486) with two
ethernet interfaces. One interface routes to the ISP subnet/gateway (eth0 in
above example), and the other interface (eth1 above) goes to a hub (or switch)
and then connects the LAN with private network addresses (e.g. 192.168.1.x).
Using the private network address behind your router/firewall allows some
additional security because it is not directly addressable from outside. You
have to explicitly masquerade your private addresses in order to connect to
the Internet from the LAN. The LAN hosts will access the Internet via the
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
second NIC (eth1) in the Linux router. Just set their gateway to the IP
address of the second NIC, and assign them addresses on the same network.
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Para>
<Emphasis remap="bf">Caution</Emphasis> Make sure your kernel is complied
with IP forwarding and the IP forwarding is turned on. You can check this
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
with '<Command>cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</Command>'. The value is
<Quote>1</Quote> for on, and <Quote>0</Quote> for off. You can change this
value by echoing the desired value into this file:
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
<Screen>
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
</Screen>
<Para>
Many small additions and changes.
2000-11-15 00:35:39 +00:00
You will also need to set up <Quote>IP Masquerading</Quote> on the Linux
router. Depending on your kernel version, this is done with
<Command>ipfwadm</Command> (2.0), <Command>ipchains</Command> (2.2), or
<Command>iptables</Command> (2.4). See the documentation for specifics on
each. AND -- do not forget to have that firewall set up too!
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Para>
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
<Para>
OK, this one is a go. Will submit formally soon. More minor additions and cleanups included in this last draft.
2000-09-05 04:12:57 +00:00
There are also several projects that are devoted specifically to using Linux
as a router, just for this type of situation. These are all-in-one solutions,
that include security and various other features. Installation and
configuration, is reportedly very easy. And these will run on very minimal
hardware -- like a floppy drive only. The best known is <Ulink
This should be pretty much it. Just a couple of minor details to sort out. Need to credit GregL for one. Also, one final spellcheck and link check.
2000-09-03 17:50:41 +00:00
URL="http://www.linuxrouter.org">http://www.linuxrouter.org</Ulink>. You
might also want to look at <Ulink
URL="http://www.freesco.org">http://www.freesco.org</Ulink> and <Ulink
URL="http://www.coyotelinux.com">http://www.coyotelinux.com</Ulink>.
</Para>
This is the first version I got from Hal. I'll be putting updates in based on this version. This is a pretty complete re-write of the ADSL mini HOWTO that the LDP has had for quite a while now.
2000-08-23 20:32:49 +00:00
</Sect2>
</Sect1>
</Article>
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