mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
1713 lines
50 KiB
XML
1713 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ISO-8859-1'?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC '-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN'>
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<!--
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Changelog:
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081800: Began work on version 1.00 of CD Server HOWTO - Randy Tata
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090100: Conversion to linuxdoc SGML from text/html - Randy Tata
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092300: Conversion from linuxdoc to DocBook - Randy Tata
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092800: Added more Suggested Reading and appletalk, ipx stuff - Randy Tata
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010602: Updated for newer Kernels, Fix erroneous information, New References,
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Convert to DocBook XML, Changed License from LDP to GFDL - Randy Tata
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-->
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<article>
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<articleinfo>
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<title>CDServer-HOWTO</title>
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<author>
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<firstname>Randolph</firstname>
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<surname>Tata</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address>
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<email>randy@talcon.com</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<pubdate>$Id$</pubdate>
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>$Revision$</revnumber>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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<authorinitials>rjt</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Updated for 2.4 kernels. Added more References and links.
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Convert to DocBook XML. Change License from LDP boilerplate to GFDL.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>v1.00</revnumber>
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<date>23 September 2000</date>
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<authorinitials>rjt</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Conversion from Linuxdoc SGML to DocBook v3.1 SGML
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>v0.10</revnumber>
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<date>1 September 2000</date>
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<authorinitials>rjt</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Conversion to Linuxdoc SGML from text/html, added kerneltweak (addloops) section
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>v0.01</revnumber>
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<date>18 August 2000</date>
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<authorinitials>rjt</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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First version released in text and html. Still need to
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add section on kernel modifications and creating more
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loop devices.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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</revhistory>
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<indexterm>
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<primary>cdserver</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<abstract>
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<para>
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The CD Server HOWTO describes the steps and commands you can
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use to setup your own CD Server using Linux and some built-in
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Unix commands along with other freely available software packages.
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The CD Server can then share the CD's via the network to
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Windows and/or other client machines.
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</para>
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</abstract>
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</articleinfo>
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<!-- section1: intro -->
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<sect1 id="introduction">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<indexterm>
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<primary>cdserver!introduction</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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With disk space becoming less expensive (100GB Western Digital 7200rpm available
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for US $195 in January 2002), it is viable to use an Open Source
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software-based CD Server solution, instead of paying
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$800-$4,000 for a software, thin-server, or CD Jukebox solution.
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</para>
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<para>
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I've setup my CD Server on a Pentium 200 with 64MB RAM, using one of these
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large drives.
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</para>
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<para>
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Any comments, suggestions, additions, or corrections can be sent to my
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email address at <ulink url="http://www.talcon.com/">
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Talcon Information Systems</ulink>: <email>randy@talcon.com</email>.
|
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</para>
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|
|||
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<!-- section2: Intended Audience -->
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<sect2 id="audience">
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<title>Intended Audience</title>
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<para>
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This HOWTO is specifically directed toward System Administrators
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and uses Linux for the examples. It should work with other flavors of
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Unix provided that they have a loop device or a method of mounting a
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CD image file within the directory tree as a block device using the
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iso9660 file system.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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|||
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<!-- section2: Things Needed -->
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|||
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<sect2 id="needed">
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<title>Things You'll Need</title>
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<indexterm>
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<primary>cdserver!utilities needed</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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The commands and utilities needed to setup your own CD Server
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are already included in most (if not all) Linux distributions.
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</para>
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<para>
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<itemizedlist>
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|||
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Linux Distribution (This HOWTO uses
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<ulink url="http://www.linux-mandrake.com/">
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Linux-Mandrake</ulink> for the examples)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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dd - Converts and copies a file (a standard Unix command)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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mount - Mounts and Unmounts filesystems (a standard Unix command)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink url="http://www.samba.org/">Samba</ulink> - A Windows SMB/CIFS fileserver for Unix
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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NFS (optional for Unix) - Network File System (included in Linux distributions)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink url="http://www.anders.com/projects/netatalk/">Netatalk</ulink> (optional for Macs)
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- A package that lets a Unix machine supply Appletalk print and file services on a LAN.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Caveats</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Previous to the 2.4 kernels, the Linux-Mandrake distribution I was using only had
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support for 8 loop devices compiled into the kernel (see
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<xref linkend="addloops" />
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to increase this number).
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At that time, you were only be able to share 8 CD's on a network
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with that default value, and to share more than 8, the loop block driver source code (loop.c) needed
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to be modified and a new kernel compiled.
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</para>
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<para><emphasis>With the 2.4 kernels, that is no longer required.</emphasis>
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You can now set the number of loop
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devices dynamically via the max_loop module parameter, or by passing max_loop=[1-255]
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to the kernel on boot.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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|||
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</sect2>
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|||
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|||
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<!-- section2: Suggested Reading -->
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|||
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<sect2 id="reading">
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<title>Suggested Reading and References</title>
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|||
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<para>
|
|||
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<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SMB-HOWTO.html">
|
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<citetitle>SMB HOWTO</citetitle></ulink>
|
|||
|
by: David Wood, dwood (at) plugged.net.au. Part of the
|
|||
|
Linux Documentation Project. This document describes how
|
|||
|
to use the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, also called
|
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|
the Session Message Block, NetBIOS or LanManager protocol,
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|||
|
with Linux using Samba.
|
|||
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</para>
|
|||
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|||
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<para>
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|||
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<ulink url="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/samba/">
|
|||
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<citetitle>Using Samba</citetitle></ulink>
|
|||
|
by: Robert Eckstein, David Collier-Brown, Peter Kelly
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|||
|
1st Edition November 1999, O'Reilly and Associates, Inc.
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|||
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ISBN 1-56592-449-5,
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|||
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</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
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<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CDROM-HOWTO.html">
|
|||
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<citetitle>The Linux CD-ROM HOWTO</citetitle></ulink>
|
|||
|
by: Jeff Tranter, tranter (at) pobox.com. Part of the
|
|||
|
Linux Documentation Project. How to install, configure,
|
|||
|
and use CD-ROM drives under Linux. It lists the supported
|
|||
|
hardware and answers a number of frequently asked questions.
|
|||
|
This HOWTO also gives some information on using multi-platter
|
|||
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CD-ROM drives with Linux.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO.html">
|
|||
|
<citetitle>CD-Writing HOWTO</citetitle></ulink>
|
|||
|
by: Winfried Tr<54>mper, winni (at) xpilot.org. Part of the
|
|||
|
Linux Documentation Project. This document explains how to write
|
|||
|
CD-ROMs under Linux. This HOWTO also includes information on
|
|||
|
making 1:1 image copies of CD-ROMs.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="copyright">
|
|||
|
<title>Copyright and License</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!copyright</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>CDServer-HOWTO, Copyright (c) 2000-2002, by <ulink url="mailto:randy@talcon.com">
|
|||
|
Randolph Tata</ulink>, All Rights Reserved</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
|
|||
|
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
|
|||
|
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
|
|||
|
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and
|
|||
|
no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included
|
|||
|
in <xref linkend="gfdl" /> entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Disclaimer -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="disclaimer">
|
|||
|
<title>Disclaimer</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Use the information in this document at your own risk. I disavow any
|
|||
|
potential liability for the contents of this document. Use of the
|
|||
|
concepts, examples, and/or other content of this document is entirely
|
|||
|
at your own risk.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
All copyrights are owned by their owners, unless specifically noted
|
|||
|
otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as
|
|||
|
affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system before
|
|||
|
major installation and should make backups at regular intervals.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: News -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="news">
|
|||
|
<title>News</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!recent news</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
As always, check the revision history at the top of this document.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<ulink url="http://www.talcon.com/projects/CDServer-HOWTO/CDServer-HOWTO.xml">
|
|||
|
DocBook XML source</ulink> for this document is available. Any
|
|||
|
additions/changes should be made to the DocBook XML source, not derivative formats.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>This documents home page is at the
|
|||
|
<ulink url="http://talcon.com/cdserver-howto/">CDServer-HOWTO</ulink>
|
|||
|
site page in case you need the latest version, or there is a problem
|
|||
|
with the page format you are viewing.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Credits -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="credits">
|
|||
|
<title>Credits</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
My thanks go the readers of this HOWTO and those willing to share
|
|||
|
their experiences and knowledge with me. I
|
|||
|
have the pleasure of acknowledging:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
Mark F. Komarinski markk (at) linuxdoc.org LDP Author Guide
|
|||
|
Jorge Godoy godoy (at) metalab.unc.edu LDP Author Guide
|
|||
|
David C. Merrill dcmerrill (at) mindspring.com LDP Author Guide
|
|||
|
Stein Gjoen sgjoen (at) nyx.net HOWTO-Template
|
|||
|
Gregory Leblanc gleblanc (at) cu-portland.edu HOWTO-Template
|
|||
|
Greg Ferguson gferg (at) sgi.com HOWTO-Template
|
|||
|
Amar Chaouche achaouche (at) linbox.com mount unhide option
|
|||
|
Giblhauser Carl Michael mike (at) bawb.bmlf.gv.at runoutblock i/o errors
|
|||
|
Monte Milanuk milanuk (at) yahoo.com nfs help
|
|||
|
Paul A. Sand pas (at) unh.edu loop module option max_loop
|
|||
|
Tony Melia Tony.Melia (at) downsmicro.com.au max_loop kernel boot parameter
|
|||
|
Richard Black Richard.Black (at) compaq.com more info and mknod script
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Translations -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="translations">
|
|||
|
<title>Translations</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<ulink url="http://kldp.org">Korean</ulink> (html and sgml) at
|
|||
|
<ulink url="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/korean/">
|
|||
|
http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/korean/</ulink>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>If you have the capacity it would be nice to make the CDServer-HOWTO
|
|||
|
available in a number of formats and languages.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
If you've translated this document, please send to me:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Your name, email address, the language and URL to the translated document (preferred).
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Or an email attachment of the work.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Please send either to my email address at <ulink url="http://www.talcon.com/">
|
|||
|
Talcon Information Systems</ulink>: <email>randy@talcon.com</email>.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section1: Procedure -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 id="procedure">
|
|||
|
<title>Procedure</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>Summary of Steps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!procedure</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Create a large partition to hold the CD Image Files.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Copy the CD to an image file using the "dd" command.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Mount the CD image file within the directory tree.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Share the directory on the network using Samba, NFS, etc.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Also, make sure you've read <xref linkend="introduction" /> and
|
|||
|
<xref linkend="needed" />.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Creating Images -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="createimage">
|
|||
|
<title>Creating the ISO Images</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!creating images</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Choose (or create) a file system with the largest available disk
|
|||
|
space on it. Keep in mind that CD-ROM's can hold around 640MB of data,
|
|||
|
so if you want to share 8 full CD's on your network,
|
|||
|
you'll need 5.1GB of space available.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
Login as root or "su" to root.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
bash# df -h
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
|||
|
/dev/hda5 1.4G 82M 1.3G 6% /
|
|||
|
/dev/hda1 15M 827k 14M 6% /boot
|
|||
|
/dev/hda7 2.4G 1008M 1.3G 43% /usr
|
|||
|
/dev/hda8 23.6G 11.7G 11.7G 50% /home
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Here the /home filesystem has the most available space, so it is the
|
|||
|
most suitable filesystem to use for dumping the CD images to.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
bash# cd /home
|
|||
|
bash# mkdir image
|
|||
|
bash# cd image
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Now, copy the CD to an iso image. You must know the device name
|
|||
|
of your CD-ROM drive (usually /dev/cdrom, it could be /dev/scd0 for
|
|||
|
SCSI CD-ROM's) I'll use the Mandrake distribution CD-ROM as an Example:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# dd if=/dev/cdrom of=mndrk81.iso
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
The "if=" is the input file, the "of=" is the output file. You
|
|||
|
should see a message stating the number of records in and number of
|
|||
|
records out. If you see i/o errors, they will most likely be due to
|
|||
|
the lead-in and lead-out runoutblocks on the CD. If the number
|
|||
|
of records in and number of records out do not match you may have a problem,
|
|||
|
otherwise the image will most
|
|||
|
likely be alright, but you can never know if the errors happened while
|
|||
|
reading the ISO part of the CD or not (due to dust or scratches on the
|
|||
|
CD). Other utilities to read CD's exist, like <emphasis>readcd</emphasis> or
|
|||
|
<emphasis>sdd</emphasis>. More information about making 1:1 copies of CD's
|
|||
|
exists in the CD-Writing-HOWTO, see <xref linkend="reading" />.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>My thanks to Giblhauser Carl Michael for the runoutblock information.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Mounting Images -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="mountimage">
|
|||
|
<title>Mounting the ISO Images</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!mounting images</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
The next step is to mount the iso image file. Let's create
|
|||
|
a directory under /mnt to place the mounted file.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# cd /mnt
|
|||
|
bash# mkdir iso
|
|||
|
bash# cd iso
|
|||
|
bash# mkdir mndrk81
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Now mount the ISO image file to this newly created directory
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# mount -o loop,unhide -t iso9660 -r /home/image/mndrk81.iso /mnt/iso/mndrk81
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
The "-o loop" means use the option that mounts a file as a block
|
|||
|
device. The unhide option shows hidden files. The "-t iso9660" means that the file is in the iso9660 CD-ROM
|
|||
|
format. The "-r" means to mount read-only.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>Thanks to Amar Chaouche for pointing out the unhide option for the mount command.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Now you can:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# cd mndrk81
|
|||
|
bash# ls -al
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
You should see a listing (ls) of the files and directories that are on
|
|||
|
the actual CD (only now they're inside the iso image file, and that's
|
|||
|
what you're currently looking at!)
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: System Restart -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="systemrestart">
|
|||
|
<title>Mounting the Image upon System Restart</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!editing fstab</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Now that we've manually mounted the image, and made sure it works,
|
|||
|
an entry needs to made in the /etc/fstab file so that the image is
|
|||
|
remounted on the next system startup. It's important to make the
|
|||
|
entry AFTER the entry for the parent filesystem, e.g. /home (I
|
|||
|
use vim, but Emacs, Joe, Pico or Jed will work just as well):
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# vim /etc/fstab
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
After the line that looks like the following (or whichever filesystem you've placed your images):
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
/dev/hda8 /home ext2 defaults 1 2
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Insert the following line with your text editor:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
/home/image/mndrk81.iso /mnt/iso/mndrk81 iso9660 ro,loop,auto,unhide 0 0
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Sharing -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="sharing">
|
|||
|
<title>Sharing it on a Windows Network using Samba</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!network sharing</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
You'll need to have Samba installed and working to perform the next
|
|||
|
steps (that's outside the scope of this instruction). If it's not
|
|||
|
yet installed, consult your Linux distribution's instructions for
|
|||
|
installing the Samba package. Or you can visit the Samba website
|
|||
|
at http://us1.samba.org/samba/samba.html for installation instructions,
|
|||
|
binaries, and/or the source code.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
To share your mounted CD's on a windows network, simply create
|
|||
|
a stanza in the /etc/smb.conf file similar to the following:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
[cdimages]
|
|||
|
comment = All Shared CD Images
|
|||
|
path = /mnt/iso
|
|||
|
public = yes
|
|||
|
writable = no
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
This will share all the subdirectories under the /mnt/iso directory
|
|||
|
on the network. To mount the share to a local drive (in this case
|
|||
|
the I: drive), bring up an MS-DOS Prompt on the Windows machine and
|
|||
|
type the following:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
C:\> net use I: \\yourlinuxmachine\cdimages
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Each CD image will now appear as a subdirectory on the I: drive of
|
|||
|
your Windows machine.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
To mount ONLY the Mandrake CD image to a drive letter (we'll use M:,
|
|||
|
the root drive of which, will correspond exactly to the CD as if it
|
|||
|
was just inserted in the CD-ROM drive), create the following stanza
|
|||
|
in the /etc/smb.conf file.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
[mndrk81]
|
|||
|
comment = Mandrake Linux 8.1
|
|||
|
path = /mnt/iso/mndrk81
|
|||
|
public = yes
|
|||
|
writable = no
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Then, at your MS-DOS Prompt, mount it with the following command:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
C:\> net use m: \\yourlinuxmachine\mndrk81
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<variablelist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<varlistentry>
|
|||
|
<term>Note:</term>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
The Samba smb.conf file stanzas presented here are
|
|||
|
simplified, and not entirely secure. Many more options exist for
|
|||
|
a Samba share which limit who can mount the shares, control how
|
|||
|
user authentication is performed, and whether the share is even
|
|||
|
browseable through Network Neighborhood on the Windows machines.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
</varlistentry>
|
|||
|
</variablelist>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: NFS -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="nfs">
|
|||
|
<title>Sharing the Images on a Unix network using NFS</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!nfs sharing</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Make sure that NFS is running and configured correctly on
|
|||
|
your Linux machine, then add the following to the /etc/exports
|
|||
|
file using your own preferred options:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
# sample /etc/exports file
|
|||
|
/mnt/iso (ro,insecure,nohide,all_squash)
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
The nohide option will allow you to mount a parent directory, without
|
|||
|
explicitly mounting all exported subdirectories beneath it.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Now try running:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# exportfs -r
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
This should re-export everything in your /etc/exports file.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Now, when typing "showmount -e yourlinuxmachine" you should see
|
|||
|
that the /mnt/iso is included in the exports list.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section1: Adding Loop Devices -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 id="addloops">
|
|||
|
<title>Adding Support for More Loop Devices </title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!adding loops</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Newer Linux kernels (2.4) allow you to add more loop devices easily by
|
|||
|
editing /etc/modules.conf or through the use of a boot parameter.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Older kernels (2.2 ?) only had
|
|||
|
support for 8 loop devices compiled into the kernel. In short, you were
|
|||
|
only able to share 8 CD's on a network with this default value.
|
|||
|
In order to support more than that default, you needed to modify the kernel source
|
|||
|
and recompile a new kernel.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Use the following methods to determine which version of the kernel you are running.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# uname -a
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
bash# cat /proc/version
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Adding Loop Module Option -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="loopmodule">
|
|||
|
<title>Adding the Loop Module Option</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Current kernels allow you to set the number of loop devices supported
|
|||
|
without recompiling the kernel. One of these methods is to add an options
|
|||
|
line to /etc/modules.conf. This method will only work if your loop support
|
|||
|
has been configured as a loadable kernel module (which is how most major
|
|||
|
Linux distributions come preconfigured now).
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Edit /etc/modules.conf and add the following line.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
options loop max_loop=64
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
After making the above change, simply reboot. Or you can try to use
|
|||
|
rmmod and insmod to make the change on the fly - but this will not work
|
|||
|
if you currently have any loop devices mounted (you'll get an error saying
|
|||
|
loop: Device or resource busy).
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>
|
|||
|
Note: if you do not have an /etc/modules.conf, your module configuration
|
|||
|
file may be called /etc/conf.modules (this name is now deprecated).
|
|||
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Continue with <xref linkend="loopdev" />.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>
|
|||
|
Thanks to Paul A. Sand for pointing out the /etc/modules.conf option.
|
|||
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Appending to the Boot Prompt -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="bootprompt">
|
|||
|
<title>Appending to the Boot Prompt</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
If your loop support has been compiled directly into the kernel (in other words,
|
|||
|
it is not loaded as a module), you can append the number of loop devices you would
|
|||
|
like to support at the linux boot prompt.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
boot: linux max_loop=64
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Or, if you are using LILO, you can edit your linux boot stanza in /etc/lilo.conf and add/modify
|
|||
|
the append= line. Here is a sample stanza showing append= (add or modify just the append line,
|
|||
|
don't change your whole stanza to look like this one or your system
|
|||
|
may not boot).
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
image=/boot/vmlinuz
|
|||
|
label=linux
|
|||
|
root=/dev/hdb5
|
|||
|
initrd=/boot/initrd.img
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
append=" max_loop=64"
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
vga=788
|
|||
|
read-only
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
After restarting, you can check your boot command line by typing the following:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# cat /proc/cmdline
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>
|
|||
|
Note: I am not sure if the loop module (compiled as a module) reads /proc/cmdline when
|
|||
|
the module is loaded, and therefore may not need an options line /etc/modules.conf.
|
|||
|
It's possible that it can (and if it doesn't, it should).
|
|||
|
To summarize: I have not tested this.
|
|||
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Continue with <xref linkend="loopdev" />.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>
|
|||
|
Thanks to Tony Melia for the boot prompt info.
|
|||
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Edit Kernel -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="editkernel">
|
|||
|
<title>Tweaking the Kernel</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
If you have an older kernel (v. 2.2) or if you are completely comfortable
|
|||
|
recompiling the kernel, you can increase the number of loop devices supported by
|
|||
|
editing the /usr/src/linux/drivers/block/loop.c file.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>If you find that the kernel sources are not installed on your machine,
|
|||
|
you'll need to consult your Linux Distribution's documentation on
|
|||
|
how to install them (the Kernel Sources come with all distributions -
|
|||
|
it's part of the GPL licensing).</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Change the number in the following line to however many loop devices
|
|||
|
you'll need.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
#define MAX_LOOP 16
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Compile the new kernel or module as the case may be. If you need some
|
|||
|
help getting started with this, read /usr/src/linux/README or consult
|
|||
|
<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html">
|
|||
|
The Linux Kernel HOWTO</ulink>.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Continue with <xref linkend="loopdev" />.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Loop Devices -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="loopdev">
|
|||
|
<title>Creating the Loop Devices in /dev</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!creating loop devices</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
You should check how many /dev entries you have for loop devices.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# ls -l /dev/loop*
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
The mknod command creates the devices in /dev. The loop devices have a major
|
|||
|
number of "7", and the minor numbers begin at "0". If your MAX_LOOP was defined
|
|||
|
as 8 in /usr/src/linux/drivers/block/loop.c, you should have loop0 thru loop7
|
|||
|
in /dev. To create the /dev/loop8 device, use the following command (subsitute
|
|||
|
the appropriate number for the "8" in the example below).
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# mknod -m660 /dev/loop8 b 7 8
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Check Owner/Group & Permissions on the new file. You can change the owner
|
|||
|
and group with the following command:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# chown root.disk /dev/loop8
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
You can change the permissions using the following command:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# chmod 666 /dev/loop8
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section1: More Information -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 id="moreinfo">
|
|||
|
<title>More Information</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!more info</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Be sure to check the suggested reading in <xref linkend="reading" />.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Other Instructions Available -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="otherhelp">
|
|||
|
<title>Other Instructions Available on the Web</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!other instructions</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
This section is devoted to instructional materials that others have written or have sent to me.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section3: Richard Black -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect3 id="richardblack">
|
|||
|
<title>Saving a CD-ROM to a File and Mounting it</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!other instructions!richard black</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Richard Black (Compaq) has some good pages about Saving CD-ROM's to files and mounting them in Red Hat.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<ulink url="http://www.geocities.com/rlcomp_1999/cdimage.html">Saving a CD-ROM to a File and Mounting it</ulink>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<ulink url="http://www.geocities.com/rlcomp_1999/loop.html">Linux Loop Devices</ulink> - This
|
|||
|
page also includes the script below for creating many loop device nodes at once in /dev.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
Device nodes are required to access the loop devices. You already have loop0 - loop7.
|
|||
|
You can run the following loop to create the rest of the nodes (loop8 - loop255).
|
|||
|
You can type all of the following lines of code on one single line if you leave off the trailing "\" characters.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
C=8; echo; echo "Creating loop device nodes."; \
|
|||
|
while [ $C -lt 256 ]; do mknod /dev/loop$C b 7 $C; \
|
|||
|
echo -n .; C=`expr $C + 1`; done; echo;
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Note: the quoting around the expr section are called backtick's and they are located
|
|||
|
with the tilde character ("~") in the upper left hand corner of the keyboard. The character is not a single quote.
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>Thanks to Richard Black for permission to add this info and for linking back to this document.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect3>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Frequently Asked Questions -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="faq">
|
|||
|
<title>Frequently Asked Questions</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!faq</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
I finally had to create this section - Frequently Asked Questions. Although, I sometimes
|
|||
|
think it should be called Frequently Answered Questions (at least I hope I can answer them).
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section3: Copy CD and Share -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect3 id="faqcopycd">
|
|||
|
<title>Can I copy CD contents to a directory and share with SAMBA?</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!faq!copy cd</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<variablelist>
|
|||
|
<varlistentry>
|
|||
|
<term>In a word - Yes.</term>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
There is nothing to keep you from doing that. However I'm not sure which arguments you
|
|||
|
would have to use with tar and which options to include in the SAMBA stanzas.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Here's some commands you can use to copy the contents:
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<screen>
|
|||
|
bash# cd /home
|
|||
|
bash# mkdir image
|
|||
|
bash# cd image
|
|||
|
bash# mkdir mndrk81
|
|||
|
bash# mount /mnt/cdrom
|
|||
|
bash# cd /mnt/cdrom
|
|||
|
bash# tar cvf - . | (cd /home/image/mndrk81; tar xvf -)
|
|||
|
</screen>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
<emphasis>Thanks to Giblhauser Carl Michael for this info</emphasis>
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
</varlistentry>
|
|||
|
</variablelist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect3>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- section2: Under Future Consideration -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect2 id="future">
|
|||
|
<title>Under Future Consideration</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<indexterm>
|
|||
|
<primary>cdserver!future</primary>
|
|||
|
</indexterm>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
These are things I'm currently looking into or trying to figure out.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Sharing CD's to Apple and Netware clients (Appletalk and IPX).
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Changing CD Shares on the fly (hopefully transparent to users).
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Adding a module to Webmin to automate the CDServer process.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
Distribution specific instructions.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
<listitem>
|
|||
|
<para>
|
|||
|
I have a volunteer for a German translation, hopefully it will be done soon.
|
|||
|
</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect2>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<appendix id="gfdl">
|
|||
|
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
|
|||
|
<!-- - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) -->
|
|||
|
<!-- LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org" -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- sect1>
|
|||
|
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title -->
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>Version 1.1, March 2000</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<blockquote>
|
|||
|
<para>Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|||
|
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
|
|||
|
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
|||
|
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
|
|||
|
</blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="0">
|
|||
|
<title>PREAMBLE</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
|
|||
|
or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
|
|||
|
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
|
|||
|
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
|
|||
|
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
|
|||
|
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
|
|||
|
being considered responsible for modifications made by
|
|||
|
others.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
|
|||
|
derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the
|
|||
|
same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which
|
|||
|
is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals
|
|||
|
for free software, because free software needs free documentation:
|
|||
|
a free program should come with manuals providing the same
|
|||
|
freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
|
|||
|
to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
|
|||
|
regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
|
|||
|
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
|
|||
|
whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="1">
|
|||
|
<title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>This License applies to any manual or other work that
|
|||
|
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
|
|||
|
distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document",
|
|||
|
below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the
|
|||
|
public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
|
|||
|
containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
|
|||
|
verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
|
|||
|
language.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
|
|||
|
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
|
|||
|
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
|
|||
|
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
|
|||
|
nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
|
|||
|
(For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of
|
|||
|
mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
|
|||
|
The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
|
|||
|
the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
|
|||
|
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
|||
|
them.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections
|
|||
|
whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
|
|||
|
in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
|
|||
|
License.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that
|
|||
|
are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
|
|||
|
notice that says that the Document is released under this
|
|||
|
License.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
|
|||
|
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification
|
|||
|
is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed
|
|||
|
and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text
|
|||
|
editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
|
|||
|
or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
|
|||
|
is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
|
|||
|
translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
|
|||
|
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
|
|||
|
whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
|
|||
|
modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
|
|||
|
"Transparent" is called "Opaque".</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
|
|||
|
plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
|
|||
|
format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
|
|||
|
standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
|
|||
|
Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
|
|||
|
can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
|
|||
|
or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
|
|||
|
available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
|
|||
|
processors for output purposes only.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page
|
|||
|
itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly,
|
|||
|
the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
|
|||
|
For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
|
|||
|
"Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of
|
|||
|
the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
|
|||
|
text.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="2">
|
|||
|
<title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
|
|||
|
either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
|
|||
|
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
|
|||
|
License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
|
|||
|
that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
|
|||
|
License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
|
|||
|
control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
|
|||
|
distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
|
|||
|
copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
|
|||
|
must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
|
|||
|
above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="3">
|
|||
|
<title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more
|
|||
|
than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,
|
|||
|
you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and
|
|||
|
legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
|
|||
|
cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must
|
|||
|
also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
|
|||
|
copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
|
|||
|
words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
|
|||
|
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
|
|||
|
limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
|
|||
|
Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
|
|||
|
copying in other respects.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to
|
|||
|
fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
|||
|
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
|
|||
|
adjacent pages.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
|
|||
|
numbering more than 100, you must either include a
|
|||
|
machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
|
|||
|
state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
|
|||
|
computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
|
|||
|
of the Document, free of added material, which the general
|
|||
|
network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
|
|||
|
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the
|
|||
|
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
|
|||
|
begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
|
|||
|
this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
|
|||
|
location until at least one year after the last time you
|
|||
|
distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
|
|||
|
retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
|
|||
|
authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
|
|||
|
number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
|
|||
|
updated version of the Document.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="4">
|
|||
|
<title>MODIFICATIONS</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
|
|||
|
Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided
|
|||
|
that you release the Modified Version under precisely this
|
|||
|
License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the
|
|||
|
Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
|
|||
|
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition,
|
|||
|
you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Use in the Title Page
|
|||
|
(and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
|
|||
|
Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
|
|||
|
there were any, be listed in the History section of the
|
|||
|
Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
|
|||
|
the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>List on the Title Page,
|
|||
|
as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
|
|||
|
authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
|
|||
|
together with at least five of the principal authors of the
|
|||
|
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
|
|||
|
five).</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>State on the Title page
|
|||
|
the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
|
|||
|
publisher.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Preserve all the
|
|||
|
copyright notices of the Document.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Add an appropriate
|
|||
|
copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
|
|||
|
copyright notices.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Include, immediately
|
|||
|
after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
|
|||
|
permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
|
|||
|
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Preserve in that license
|
|||
|
notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
|
|||
|
Texts given in the Document's license notice.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Include an unaltered
|
|||
|
copy of this License.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Preserve the section
|
|||
|
entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating
|
|||
|
at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
|
|||
|
Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no
|
|||
|
section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
|
|||
|
the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given
|
|||
|
on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
|||
|
Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Preserve the network
|
|||
|
location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a
|
|||
|
Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
|
|||
|
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
|
|||
|
based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
|
|||
|
may omit a network location for a work that was published at
|
|||
|
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
|
|||
|
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>In any section entitled
|
|||
|
"Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's
|
|||
|
title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
|
|||
|
each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
|
|||
|
given therein.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Preserve all the
|
|||
|
Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
|
|||
|
in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
|
|||
|
considered part of the section titles.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Delete any section
|
|||
|
entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in
|
|||
|
the Modified Version.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<listitem><para>Do not retitle any
|
|||
|
existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with
|
|||
|
any Invariant Section.</para>
|
|||
|
</listitem>
|
|||
|
</orderedlist>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
|
|||
|
or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
|
|||
|
material copied from the Document, you may at your option
|
|||
|
designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,
|
|||
|
add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
|
|||
|
Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
|
|||
|
other section titles.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it
|
|||
|
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
|
|||
|
various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that
|
|||
|
the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
|
|||
|
definition of a standard.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
|
|||
|
Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the
|
|||
|
end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
|
|||
|
passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
|
|||
|
added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
|
|||
|
Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
|
|||
|
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
|
|||
|
you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
|
|||
|
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
|
|||
|
publisher that added the old one.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
|
|||
|
this License give permission to use their names for publicity for
|
|||
|
or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="5">
|
|||
|
<title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released
|
|||
|
under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
|
|||
|
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
|
|||
|
all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
|
|||
|
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
|
|||
|
combined work in its license notice.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
|
|||
|
License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced
|
|||
|
with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with
|
|||
|
the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
|
|||
|
section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the
|
|||
|
name of the original author or publisher of that section if known,
|
|||
|
or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
|
|||
|
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
|
|||
|
the combined work.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
|
|||
|
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
|
|||
|
entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
|
|||
|
"Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You
|
|||
|
must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="6">
|
|||
|
<title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
|
|||
|
other documents released under this License, and replace the
|
|||
|
individual copies of this License in the various documents with a
|
|||
|
single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
|
|||
|
follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
|
|||
|
the documents in all other respects.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection,
|
|||
|
and distribute it individually under this License, provided you
|
|||
|
insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
|
|||
|
follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
|
|||
|
copying of that document.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="7">
|
|||
|
<title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
|
|||
|
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
|
|||
|
a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
|
|||
|
Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
|
|||
|
copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is
|
|||
|
called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
|
|||
|
other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
|
|||
|
account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
|
|||
|
derivative works of the Document.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
|
|||
|
these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than
|
|||
|
one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts
|
|||
|
may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
|
|||
|
aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
|
|||
|
aggregate.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="8">
|
|||
|
<title>TRANSLATION</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
|||
|
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
|
|||
|
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires
|
|||
|
special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
|
|||
|
include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
|
|||
|
to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may
|
|||
|
include a translation of this License provided that you also
|
|||
|
include the original English version of this License. In case of
|
|||
|
a disagreement between the translation and the original English
|
|||
|
version of this License, the original English version will
|
|||
|
prevail.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="9">
|
|||
|
<title>TERMINATION</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
|
|||
|
Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any
|
|||
|
other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
|
|||
|
Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
|
|||
|
under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
|
|||
|
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
|
|||
|
terminated so long as such parties remain in full
|
|||
|
compliance.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="10">
|
|||
|
<title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
|
|||
|
versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.
|
|||
|
Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
|
|||
|
version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
|
|||
|
concerns. See <ulink
|
|||
|
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
|
|||
|
version number. If the Document specifies that a particular
|
|||
|
numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to
|
|||
|
it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
|||
|
either of that specified version or of any later version that has
|
|||
|
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
|||
|
If the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
|
|||
|
you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
|
|||
|
Free Software Foundation.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<sect1 label="11">
|
|||
|
<title>How to use this License for your documents</title>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include
|
|||
|
a copy of the License in the document and put the following
|
|||
|
copyright and license notices just after the title page:</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<blockquote><para>
|
|||
|
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
|||
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|||
|
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
|
|||
|
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
|||
|
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
|
|||
|
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
|
|||
|
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
|||
|
Free Documentation License".
|
|||
|
</para></blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant
|
|||
|
Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have
|
|||
|
no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
|
|||
|
"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover
|
|||
|
Texts.</para>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
|
|||
|
code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
|
|||
|
choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public
|
|||
|
License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
|
|||
|
</sect1>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</appendix>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
</article>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
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|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
|||
|
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|